CN104977618B - A kind of method evaluated shale gas reservoir and find dessert area - Google Patents
A kind of method evaluated shale gas reservoir and find dessert area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of integrated application rock physicses, log data, comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data synthesis progress shale gas evaluating reservoir and the method for finding shale gas exploration and development " dessert area ".The rock geophysical survey of application experiment room, log data comprehensive analysis, rock physicses are modeled, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data, the high-precision top layer comprehensive modeling static corrections processing of comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data, prestack denoising, amplitude is with respect to fidelity processing, geological data drives the raising resolution processes of surface seismic data in borehole restraint and well, fine excision, iteration speed is analyzed, interval velocity field analysis, pre-stack depth migration processing, High-resolution Processing, divide orientation processing, high-precision anisotropy processing, the inversion procedure of prestack poststack data, the comprehensive geophysical survey technology such as analysis of neural network, analyze the feature in " dessert area " in shale reservoir, the gas-bearing property prospect of accurate evaluation shale gas reservoir and " the dessert area " for drawing a circle to approve shale gas exploration and development.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of integrated application rock physicses, log data, comprehensive the invention belongs to applied geophysics exploitation method
Or the comprehensive geophysical survey such as wide-azimuth 3D seismic data and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data technology carries out shale gas reservoir and commented
Valency and the method for finding shale gas exploration and development dessert area.
Background technology
Shale gas aboundresources, shale gas exploration and development is expected to alleviate the energy crisis faced, but shale gas is used as one kind
Petroleum resources, although its Reservoir model is different from conventional oil gas reservoir, exploration and development is in the exploratory stage, is concentrated mainly on shale gas
Reservoir model, study in terms of geologic feature, effect of the geophysical techniques in shale gas exploration and development is also to be developed.
Although rock geophysics, geophysical log, seismic exploration technique play vital effect in conventional gas and oil exploration,
But the Reservoir model in shale is focusing only on to shale gas reservoir, in terms of unique geology characteristic, it is rare for the comprehensive of shale gas
Geophysical exploration method is closed, geophysical techniques are in marginal state in shale gas exploration and development research.
The research to shale gas is focused mostly in basic theory at present, and applied geophysics data is studied shale gas
Also in the exploratory stage.Li Zhirong etc. exists《South of Sichuan Basin, China shale gas seismic prospecting new development》（Gas industry, 2011,
31(4)：40-43）In one text, on the basis of to south of Sichuan Basin, China shale interval geology, geophysical response characteristic analysis,
Tackled key problems by seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation technique, form a set of more complete shale gas geophysical exploration and think
Road and techniqueflow, achieve the new development of shale gas seismic prospecting；Qi Baoquan etc. exists《Using the Logging Data To Evaluate Sichuan Basin
Southern shale gas reservoir》（Gas industry, 2011,31 (4)：44-47）In one text, by Δ logR approach applications to the Sichuan Basin
In southern shale gas evaluating reservoir, in view of overlapping baseline when recognizing shale gas with porosity and resistivity curve overlay method
The influence of selection, the change of lithology etc., explores the well logging interpretation model of shale gas；Luo Rong etc. exists《Shale gas logging evaluation and ground
Shake prediction, monitoring technology are inquired into》（Gas industry, 2011,31 (4)：34-39）In one text, for shale gas and conventional reservoir
Difference, inquired into application of the geophysical exploration technology in shale gas exploration and development, and propose development specifically designed for shale
Three-dimensional geophysical exploration, monitoring and the development technique of gas；Liu Shuanlian and Lu Huangsheng exist《Shale gas logging evaluation technical characterstic and
Evaluation method is inquired into》（Logging technique, 35 (2)：113-116）In one text, from investigation North America shale gas successful exploration developing example
Start with, on the basis of reservoir geology background research, analyze the main difference of shale gas and conventional oil gas-bearing formation Logging Evaluation Method
It is different.According to shale gas exploration and development demand, the selection gist and logging evaluation technology of Chinese shale gas logging program have been inquired into.Carry
Go out shale minerals composition and reservoir structure evaluation, shale reservoir establishment of standard, types of fractures identification are commented with rock mechanics parameters
Research in terms of valency, the emphasis that can be evaluated as shale gas logging technique；Pay forever strong wait《Shale gas reservoir reservoir fracturing
Experimental evaluation key technology》（Gas industry, 2011,31 (4)：51-54）In one text, from Rock Elastic Parameters angle,
Analysis compared for compact sandstone gas and shale gas reservoir mechanical property feature, for shale rock brittleness feature and reservoir core
The experimental evaluation key technology such as sensitiveness, has carried out substantial amounts of experimental evaluation research, and with the high tracer monitoring of live pressure-break,
Ground micro-seismic Fracturing Monitoring result has carried out comparative analysis, and the exploitation to shale gas is significant；Liu Zhenwu etc. exists《Page
Rock gas exploration develops the demand to geophysical techniques》（Geophysical prospecting for oil, 2011,46 (5)：810-818）In one text,
By the demand analysis to shale gas geophysical techniques and the prospect to future development, geophysical techniques conduct is explicitly pointed out
The key technology of shale gas evaluating reservoir and storey increase design, will play an important role in shale gas exploration and development；Nie Xin etc.
People exists《Application of the logging technique in the evaluation of shale gas reservoir mechanical property》（Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2012,9 (4)：
433-439）In one text, several logging methods such as acoustic imaging, resistivity imaging, array acoustic are summarized in shale gas reservoir power
Application and meaning in terms of properties evaluations, and the limitation and applicable elements of various logging methods are analyzed, illustrate to combine
This several logging method can effectively evaluate the mechanical property of shale gas reservoir；Hao build it is winged et al.《Shale gas geophysics
Logging evaluation is summarized》（Advances in Geophysics, 2012,27 (4)：1624-1632）In one text, text is for the external especially U.S.
The present situation of recent shale gas exploration and development has carried out extensive literature survey, the current external shale gas geophysical log skill of summary
The current situation of art, for the logging program of the conventional gas bearing shale of the different phase introduction of exploration and development, then summarizes shale
Mud logging response characteristic, and the important parameter of shale gas reservoir evaluation methods and evaluating reservoir has been discussed in detail, include exchange
Carbon content, rock forming mineral component and content, porosity, air content and rock mechanics parameters, finally propose shale gas geophysics
The problem of well logging study is present and development trend.
In summary, in the shale gas exploration carried out at present, only sound out logged well or seismic exploration technique application
Test, not yet application comprehensive geophysical survey technology evaluate the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and find exploration and development shale
" the dessert area " of gas, also not publicly in shale gas evaluating reservoir how the detailed description of integrated application geophysical exploration technology and
Detail.
The content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of integrated application rock physicses, log data, Quan Fang
Position or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data evaluation shale gas reservoir and the method for finding dessert area.
The present invention is realized by following steps：
1）Different directions core column is drilled through in the core column of all drilling well different buried depths in exploratory area, core column is vacuumized simultaneously
Pressurization saturation is carried out to it with rock stratum mineralized water resistivity identical mineralized water；
Described different directions are, levels vertical with attitude of stratum and in angle of 45 degrees.
Described core column is the cm of diameter 2.5, the cm of length 5.
2）Under the conditions of laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure, the dynamic and static state of the core column after measurement saturation
Elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and p-and s-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient, obtain rock core dynamic and static
The conversion relational expression of modulus of elasticity, carries out anisotropic rock physical analogy and elastic parameter is calculated with intersecting；
According to intersection result, combination and shale gas " dessert area " parameter of sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter are obtained
Corresponding dependency relation, ask for and predict the parameter or parameter combination in shale gas " dessert area "；
3）The log data of all drillings in exploratory area is obtained, processing is corrected to the log data for surveying all in area,
Eliminate shadow of the factors such as wellhole environment, hole deviation change, well liquid change, the change of well temperature and logger error to log
Ring, the optimal log of stratum physical property change can truly be reflected by obtaining；
Using many ensaying methods and core test analysis method, calculate subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations,
Compressional wave and shear wave velocity and porosity, and the rock physicses from earth's surface to shaft bottom are set up according to full well section geophysical log curve
Model；
Described optimal log is to eliminate the change of drilling internal diameter, hole deviation change, well liquid change, the change of well temperature, well logging
Speed is uneven, downhole instrument is stuck, after the non-at the uniform velocity rotation of instrument and the factor such as logger error, can truly reflect stratum
The optimal log of change in physical.
4）The replacement perturbation analysis of the attributes such as fluid, porosity, lithology data is carried out to the log after correction process；
Described perturbation analysis is the corresponding log obtained by changing after formation fluid, porosity or lithology, is looked for
Go out changing rule of the correspondence log with different fluid, porosity or lithology.
5）Mineral constituent analysis is done using logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving is optimized to optimal log, obtained
The content and its regularity of distribution of mineral in full well section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum；
Described mineral are clay, calcite, quartz, pyrite, total content of organic carbon（TOC）With the mineral such as dolomite.
Described optimal log is clay mineral curve, bulk density curve, stratum uranium content in log data
Curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and shear wave slowness curve.
6）Full well section petrophysical model is set up, by the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity, close
Degree, vertical S-wave impedance and Poisson's ratio curve are contrasted with the log surveyed, to predict the identical journey with measured curve
Spend to verify the reliability and reasonability of petrophysical model；
7）With step 2）Core column measurement dynamic and static elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and
P-and s-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient demarcation by log calculate or predict come result；
8）The rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral etc. is carried out to log data；
Described rock constituents perturbation analysis is the percentage composition by changing different minerals in petrophysical model, meter
Corresponding log is calculated, according to the size of the log variable quantity calculated, corresponding Mineral change is found out most sensitive
Property parameters or Sensitive Attributes parameter combination.
9）Many attribute intersections are carried out to various reservoir attribute parameters, favourable shale interval are obtained according to cross plot result each
Attributive character, it is determined that for predicting shale gas " dessert area " associated parameter or parameter combination；
Described parameter or parameter combination is modulus of elasticity, Young's modulus of elasticity, density, the coefficient of rigidity, springform
The sum of products Young's modulus of elasticity and the product of density of amount and the product, the coefficient of rigidity and density of density.
10）Utilize step 6）The full well section petrophysical model set up, obtains the artificial earthquake synthesis of petrophysical model
Record or trace gather, well shake demarcation is carried out with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or trace gather and is handled, in shale reservoir depth
Nearby carry out AVO（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）And AVA（Amplitude is with azimuthal variation）Analysis；
11）Comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area；
12）Two dimension Walkaway VSP are gathered in the well in exploratory area（Mobile geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Or three-dimensional VSP
（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data；Or with Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two dimension Walkaway VSP（Mobile geophone offset
Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Or three-dimensional VSP（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data；
13）To the two dimension or three-dimensional VSP in exploratory area（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data are according to the depth and ground of well geophone
Seismic wave carries out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting from what ground reached well geophone when walking, obtain accurate formation velocity,
Earth-attenuation coefficient（Q values）With the anisotropic parameters of each formation velocity；
14）Or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data comprehensive to ground carries out high-precision top layer comprehensive modeling, calculates static correction
Amount, carries out static corrections processing；Surface seismic data is handled with vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven in borehole restraint and well, ground is improved
The resolution ratio and precision of geological data, then carry out fine excision and iteration speed is calculated, then complete velocity modeling and three-dimensional
Pre-stack time migration and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging processing；
Described top layer comprehensive modeling static correction is：Static corrections processing, prestack denoising, amplitude compensation, Q values（Earth-attenuation）
Compensation, surface consistent deconvolution and predictive deconvolution amplitude are with respect to fidelity processing.
15）Raising resolution processes are carried out to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging；
16）With the seismic channel high resolution processing method and tool of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory
There is the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method of fidelity, high-resolution is carried out to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration
Rate processing.
Described reflective information method of estimation is to be based on statistical signal self-adaptive processing, using nonparametric spectral analysis method and
High-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity, is keeping original seismic data information and is not damaging to greatest extent
Lose in original data on the premise of small geological information, obtain high-resolution complex seismic trace collection.
Described reflective information method of estimation is based on statistical signal self-adaptive processing nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, passes through simulation
With respect to the statistical nature of interference, the adaptively reflection amplitudes progress to different time position is stably estimated exactly, so as to carry
High section resolution ratio, widens frequency band, and original seismic data information can be kept to greatest extent and does not lose micro- in original data
Small geological information, obtains the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
17）Accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and the planar distribution of shale reservoir are extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data；
18）Inversion of three dimensional high-resolution post-stack seismic data is to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion, for solving
Release tomography and crack；
19）Utilize relevant and association attributes（Similitude, characteristic value similitude）Inclination angle and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax
Curvature, positive camber and negative cruvature attribute describe and characterized the Distribution Characteristics of subsurface fault, crack crack and tectonic boundary；
20）Utilize KSOM（Unsupervised adaptive statistical model）Neural computing method, it is automatic by nonlinear way
To coherence, minimum and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, 6 attribute such as instantaneous inclination angle and inclination angle orientation are classified, according to
The distribution characteristics of fracture spacing determines seismic facies body, sets up Earthquake Faulting phase, draws tomography and fracture belt distributed data body, uses
To characterize seismic facies anomalous body and slit band；
21）Automatic tomography pickup is carried out using poststack attribute data；
Described tomography pickup is to calculate section automatically based on coherent body, characteristic value similitude or curvature body, it is determined that macroscopical
Crack and craven fault.
22）Processing is corrected and evened up in the optimization, denoising, stretching for carrying out prestack seismic gather；
23）The elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, while according to the change of interval velocity in shale reservoir and difference
It is different, determine that the higher-pressure region in shale reservoir is determined in strata pressure doubling-up；
Described elliptical velocity inverting is to RMS（Root-mean-square value）The bearing data body of speed carries out elliptical velocity point
Analysis, obtains fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
24）Carry out the AVO of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）Synchronous wave impedance is anti-with compressional wave shear wave
Drill；
The synchronous wave impedance inversion of described compressional wave shear wave is to calculate AVO（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）Gradient attribute, and
Inverting angular stack seismic data, synchronously obtains p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and other derivation resilient properties, particularly λ ρ
（The product of modulus of elasticity and density, μ ρ（The product of the coefficient of rigidity and density）、Eρ（Young's modulus of elasticity and density multiply
Product）.
25）Carry out the elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition；
Described elliptic inverse is that azimuthal gradient and speed do elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson（Thomsen）Ginseng
Number.Converted by rock physicses, by the geomechanics anisotropic parameters of layer for the purpose of Thomson Parameter Switch, such as Young elasticity
Modulus, Poisson's ratio etc.；
26）Carry out the modulus of elasticity λ ρ of earthquake data before superposition（The product of modulus of elasticity and density）、μρ（The coefficient of rigidity
With the product of density）、Eρ（The product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density）Elliptic inverse, obtain anisotropic elasticity modulus, lead to
Rock physical analysis is crossed, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of target zone；
Described reservoir parameter is rock brittleness, lithology, porosity, fluid, total organic carbon（TOC）Content etc..
27）To various sign tomographies and the joint geologic interpretation of the seismic properties in crack and demarcation；
Described joint geologic interpretation and demarcation reservoir petrologic characteristic parameter body log calibration, crack pit shaft into
As data and/or core analyzing data are demarcated, large scale tomography and microcosmic tomography with pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft into
As data demarcation, stress anisotropy carries out local demarcation with pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement.Calibration process i.e. with calculated value with
Measured result is contrasted, and finds out difference value or coefficient correlation between the two, then to calculated value carry out system correction or
Correction, to ensure that the calculated value in the local eyeball in underground is consistent with measurement result.
28）According to rammell fracture development status, determine that possible completion formation damage area and fracturing fluid disturb offset well
Possibility；
29）According to step 2）Rock core dynamic and static modulus of elasticity conversion relational expression, by three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition
Anisotropic elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving obtain the dynamic modulus of elasticity be converted to static modulus of elasticity；
30）Using the correlation of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, the fragility of shale reservoir is determined（Rupturable property）Point
Cloth rule and feature, the completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme of optimum level well；
The completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme of described optimum level well be by horizontal well be laid in fragility it is higher and be easy to pressure
In the shale containing high total organic carbon split, and the spacing of optimization design each fracturing section.
31）Using the regularity of distribution of static modulus of elasticity or derivation static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, shale is determined
The Brittleness of reservoir, obtains the orientation and intensity of local crustal stress, determines shale reservoir interrupting layer, crack and the orientation in crack
Trend and dense degree, draw a circle to approve and predict the high total organic carbon in shale reservoir（TOC）High stratum in content and shale reservoir
Pressure area；
32）The various favourable parameters of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, with reference to the accurate buried depth, thickness, production of shale reservoir
Shape and planar distribution, obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve " the dessert area " of shale gas exploration and development.
The high totals content of organic carbon of described favourable parameters, including but not limited to shale, the fragility of shale reservoir, tomography,
The orientation and density in crack and crack, the orientation of local crustal stress and intensity, partial high pressure area and porosity distribution.
The present invention can analyze the relation between reservoir parameter and rock geophysical property, accurate determination shale reservoir
Accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution, evaluate total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir or abundance of organic matter exactly
The development degree in Paraclase crack, the both macro and micro intensity azimuth distribution rule of crustal stress, calculating in distribution, prediction exploratory area
Local pressure exceptions area and porosity distribution, overall merit shale gas in the fragility and toughness characteristics on stratum, prediction shale reservoir
The gas-bearing property prospect of reservoir and " the dessert area " for drawing a circle to approve shale gas exploration and development, horizontal well is carried out using Comprehensive Geophysics achievement
Track design and Fracturing Project optimization, for shale gas extensive exploration and successfully exploitation provide important geophysics into
Really.
Accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence, planar distribution, TOC of the invention according to shale reservoir（Total content of organic carbon）Or have
The features such as the distribution of machine matter abundance, the development degree equal strength azimuth distribution rule in Paraclase crack, can be evaluated shale gas storage
The gas-bearing property prospect of floor and prediction " dessert area " distribution, instruct the design and Fracturing Project optimization of shale gas horizontal well path, are
The extensive exploration and exploitation of shale gas provide important geophysical techniques guarantee.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention is mainly made up of step in detail below：
It is of the invention to be realized by following steps, as shown in Figure 1：
1）Different directions core column is drilled through in the core column of all drilling well different buried depths in exploratory area, core column is vacuumized simultaneously
Pressurization saturation is carried out to it with rock stratum mineralized water resistivity identical mineralized water.Different directions are, water vertical with attitude of stratum
It is gentle in angle of 45 degrees, core column is the cm of diameter 2.5, the cm of length 5.
2）Under the conditions of laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure, the dynamic and static state of the core column after measurement saturation
Elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and compressional wave shear wave velocity anisotropy coefficient, obtain rock core dynamic and static
The conversion relational expression of modulus of elasticity, carries out anisotropic rock physical analogy and elastic parameter is calculated with intersecting.According to intersection
As a result, the combination of sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter and the corresponding dependency relation of shale gas " dessert area " parameter are obtained,
Ask for and predict the parameter or parameter combination in shale gas " dessert area ".
Step 1）With 2）It is that the rock core dynamic and the measure of static elastic parameter in left side in Fig. 1 and analysis are calculated.
3）The log data of all drillings in exploratory area is obtained, processing is corrected to surveying all log datas in area, disappears
Except influence of the factor to log such as wellhole environment, hole deviation change, well liquid change, the change of well temperature and logger errors,
The optimal log of stratum physical property change can truly be reflected by obtaining.Using many ensaying methods and core test point
Analysis method, calculates subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations, compressional wave shear wave velocity and porosity, and according to the full well section earth
Physical logging curve sets up the petrophysical model from earth's surface to shaft bottom.Optimal log is to eliminate the change of drilling internal diameter, well
Oblique change, well liquid, which change, well temperature changes, logging speed is uneven, downhole instrument is stuck, instrument is non-at the uniform velocity rotates and well logging
After instrument error factor, it can truly reflect the optimal log of stratum physical property change.
4）The replacement disturbance of fluid, porosity, the attribute of lithology data is carried out to the log after correction processAnalysis.
Perturbation analysis is the corresponding log obtained by changing after formation fluid, porosity or lithology, finds out correspondence log
With the changing rule of different fluid, porosity or lithology.
5）Mineral constituent analysis is done using logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving is optimized to optimal log, obtained
The content and its regularity of distribution of mineral in full well section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum.Mineral are clay, Fang Xie
Stone, quartz, pyrite, total content of organic carbon（TOC）With the mineral such as dolomite.Optimal log is the clay in log data
Mineral curve, bulk density curve, stratum uranium content curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and
Shear wave slowness curve.
6）Full well section petrophysical model is set up, by the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity, close
Degree, vertical S-wave impedance and Poisson's ratio curve are contrasted with the log surveyed, to predict the identical journey with measured curve
Spend to verify the reliability and reasonability of petrophysical model.
7）With step 2）Core column measurement dynamic and static elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and
P-and s-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient demarcation by log calculate or predict come result.
8）The rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral etc. is carried out to log data.Rock group
It is the percentage composition by changing different minerals in petrophysical model to divide perturbation analysis, calculates corresponding log, root
According to the size of the log variable quantity calculated, corresponding Mineral change most sensitive property parameters or Sensitive Attributes are found out
The combination of parameter.
9）Many attribute intersections are carried out to various reservoir attribute parameters, favourable shale interval are obtained according to cross plot result each
Attributive character, it is determined that for predicting shale gas " dessert area " associated parameter or parameter combination.Parameter or parameter combination are bullets
Property modulus, Young's modulus of elasticity, density, the coefficient of rigidity, product, the coefficient of rigidity and the density of modulus of elasticity and density
Sum of products Young's modulus of elasticity and density product.
10）Utilize step 6）The full well section petrophysical model set up, obtains the artificial earthquake synthesis of petrophysical model
Record or trace gather, well shake demarcation is carried out with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or trace gather and is handled, in shale reservoir depth
Nearby carry out AVO（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）And AVA（Amplitude is with azimuthal variation）Analysis.
Step 3）To step 10）Be log data is corrected in Fig. 1, mineral constituent calculating, geophysical log number
Perturbation analysis, artificial earthquake composite traces and AVO/AVA trace gathers are replaced according to analysis and rock physicses modeling, rock constituents and attribute
The work such as analysis.
11）Comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area.
12）Two dimension Walkaway VSP are gathered in the well in exploratory area（Mobile geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Or three-dimensional VSP
（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data；Or with Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two dimension Walkaway VSP（Mobile geophone offset
Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Or three-dimensional VSP（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data.
13）To the two dimension or three-dimensional VSP in exploratory area（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）Data are according to the depth and ground of well geophone
Seismic wave carries out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting from what ground reached well geophone when walking, obtain accurate formation velocity,
Earth-attenuation coefficient（Q values）With the anisotropic parameters of each formation velocity.
14）Or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data comprehensive to ground carries out high-precision top layer comprehensive modeling, calculates static correction
Amount, carries out static corrections processing；Surface seismic data is handled with vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven in borehole restraint and well, ground is improved
The resolution ratio and precision of geological data, then carry out fine excision and iteration speed is calculated, then complete velocity modeling and three-dimensional
Pre-stack time migration and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging processing.Top layer comprehensive modeling static correction is：Static corrections processing, prestack are gone
Make an uproar, amplitude compensation, Q values（Earth-attenuation）Compensation, surface consistent deconvolution and predictive deconvolution amplitude are with respect to fidelity processing.
Step 11）To step 14）It is that the comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data of collection and two-dimensional movement geophone offset are vertical
Seismic profile or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic profile data, and carry out the processing of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data and hung down with borehole restraint and well
Straight seismic profile data-driven processing surface seismic data processing.
15）Raising resolution processes are carried out to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging.
16）With the seismic channel high resolution processing method and tool of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory
There is the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method of fidelity, high-resolution is carried out to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration
Rate processing.Reflective information method of estimation is to be based on statistical signal self-adaptive processing, using nonparametric spectral analysis method and with guarantor
The high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method really spent, is keeping original seismic data information and is not losing original to greatest extent
In data on the premise of small geological information, high-resolution complex seismic trace collection is obtained.Reflective information method of estimation is based on statistics and believed
Number self-adaptive processing nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, by simulating the statistical nature of relative interference, adaptively to different time position
The reflection amplitudes put carry out stabilization and estimated exactly, so as to improve section resolution ratio, widen frequency band, can keep to greatest extent
Original seismic data information and small geological information in original data is not lost, obtain the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
17）Accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and the planar distribution of shale reservoir are extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data.
Step 15）To step 17）It is that the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging improve at resolution ratio
The structure interpretation of shale reservoir is managed and carried out, the information such as accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and the planar distribution of shale reservoir are extracted.
18）Inversion of three dimensional high-resolution post-stack seismic data is to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion, for solving
Release tomography and crack.
19）Utilize relevant and association attributes（Similitude, characteristic value similitude）Inclination angle and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax
Curvature, positive camber and negative cruvature attribute describe and characterized the Distribution Characteristics of subsurface fault, crack crack and tectonic boundary.
20）Utilize KSOM（Unsupervised adaptive statistical model）Neural computing method, it is automatic by nonlinear way
To coherence, minimum and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, 6 attribute such as instantaneous inclination angle and inclination angle orientation are classified, according to
The distribution characteristics of fracture spacing determines seismic facies body, sets up Earthquake Faulting phase, draws tomography and fracture belt distributed data body, uses
To characterize seismic facies anomalous body and slit band.
21）Automatic tomography pickup is carried out using poststack attribute data.Tomography pickup is to be based on coherent body, characteristic value similitude
Or curvature body calculates section automatically, determines macrocrack and craven fault.
Step 18）To step 21）It is that inversion procedure, neutral net meter are carried out to three-dimension high-resolution post-stack seismic data
Calculate, then obtain the Distribution Characteristics of subsurface fault, crack crack and tectonic boundary.
22）Processing is corrected and evened up in the optimization, denoising, stretching for carrying out prestack seismic gather.Including a point azimuthal velocity analysis,
Divide the process steps such as orientation, subangle and full angle superposition.
23）The elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, while according to the change of interval velocity in shale reservoir and difference
It is different, determine that the higher-pressure region in shale reservoir is determined in strata pressure doubling-up.Described elliptical velocity inverting is to RMS（Root-mean-square value）Speed
The bearing data body of degree carries out elliptical velocity analysis, obtains fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
24）Carry out the AVO of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）The synchronous wave impedance inversion of ripple in length and breadth.
Compressional wave shear wave synchronization wave impedance inversion is to calculate AVO（Amplitude changes with geophone offset）Gradient attribute, and inverting angular stack
Shake data, synchronously obtains p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and other derivation resilient properties, particularly λ ρ（Modulus of elasticity and density
Product, μ ρ（The product of the coefficient of rigidity and density）、Eρ（The product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density）.
25）Carry out the elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition.Elliptic inverse is azimuthal ladder
Degree and speed do elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson（Thomsen）Parameter, is converted by rock physicses, and Thomson parameter is turned
It is changed to the geomechanics anisotropy parameter of target zone, such as Young's modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio.
26）Carry out modulus of elasticity, the λ ρ of earthquake data before superposition（The product of modulus of elasticity and density）、μρ（Shearing elasticity mould
The product of amount and density）、Eρ（The product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density）Elliptic inverse, obtain anisotropic elasticity modulus,
By Rock physical analysis, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of target zone.Reservoir parameter be rock brittleness,
Lithology, porosity, fluid, total organic carbon（TOC）Content etc..
Step 22）To step 26）Be prestack seismic gather is optimized, denoising, stretching correction and even up processing, then
Inversion procedure is carried out, the modulus of elasticity that inverting is obtained is converted to the reservoir parameter of target zone, such as rock brittleness, lithology, hole
Degree, fluid, total organic carbon（TOC）Content etc..
27）To various sign tomographies and the joint geologic interpretation of the seismic properties in crack and demarcation.Joint geologic interpretation with
Reservoir petrologic characteristic parameter body log calibration is demarcated, crack is demarcated with pit shaft imaging data and/or core analyzing data,
Large scale tomography and microcosmic tomography are demarcated with pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft imaging data, stress anisotropy pressure break
Micro-seismic monitoring achievement carries out local demarcation.Calibration process is contrasted with calculated value with measured result, is found out between the two
Difference value or coefficient correlation, the correction or correction of system are then carried out to calculated value, to ensure in the local eyeball in underground
Calculated value is consistent with measurement result.
28）According to rammell fracture development status, determine that possible completion formation damage area and fracturing fluid disturb offset well
Possibility.
29）According to step 2）Rock core dynamic and static modulus of elasticity conversion relational expression, by three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition
Anisotropic elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving obtain the dynamic modulus of elasticity be converted to static modulus of elasticity.
30）Using the correlation of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, the fragility of shale reservoir is determined（Rupturable property）Point
Cloth rule and feature, the completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme of optimum level well.The completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme of optimum level well be
Horizontal well is laid in fragility is higher and be easy in the shale containing high total organic carbon of pressure break, and optimization design each fracturing section
Spacing.
31）Using the regularity of distribution of static modulus of elasticity or derivation static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, determine shale
The Brittleness of reservoir, obtains the orientation and intensity of local crustal stress, determines shale reservoir interrupting layer, crack and the orientation in crack
Trend and dense degree, draw a circle to approve and predict the high total organic carbon in shale reservoir（TOC）High stratum in content and shale reservoir
Pressure area.
32）The various favourable parameters of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, with reference to the accurate buried depth, thickness, production of shale reservoir
Shape and planar distribution, obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve " the dessert area " of shale gas exploration and development.
Step 27）To step 32）It is the joint geologic interpretation to the various seismic properties for characterizing tomographies and crack and demarcation.
And the various favourable parameters of the shale gas reservoir of shale gas reservoir are obtained by integrated interpretation, finally determine gas-bearing property prospect doubling-up
Determine " the dessert area " of shale gas exploration and development（The quantitative analysis flow seen below Fig. 1）.
Claims (19)
1. a kind of method evaluated shale gas reservoir and find dessert area, feature are through the following steps that realize：
1) drill through different directions core column in the core column of all drilling well different buried depths in exploratory area, by core column vacuumize and with
Rock stratum mineralized water resistivity identical mineralized water carries out pressurization saturation to it；
2) under the conditions of laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure, the dynamic and static elastic of the core column after measurement saturation
Parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and p-and s-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient, obtain rock core dynamic and static elastic mould
The conversion relational expression of amount, carries out anisotropic rock physical analogy and elastic parameter is calculated with intersecting；
According to intersection result, the combination for obtaining sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter is corresponding with shale gas dessert area parameter
Dependency relation, asks for and predicts the parameter or parameter combination in shale gas dessert area；
3) log data of all drillings in exploratory area is obtained, processing is corrected to surveying the log data in area, eliminates wellhole
The influence of environment, hole deviation change, well liquid change, the change of well temperature and logger error to log, acquisition can be true
Reflect the optimal log of stratum physical property change；
Using many ensaying methods and core test analysis method, subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations, in length and breadth are calculated
Wave velocity and porosity, and lithology/rock physicses mould from earth's surface to shaft bottom is set up according to full well section geophysical log curve
Type；
4) fluid, porosity, lithology data are carried out to the log after correction process and replaces perturbation analysis；
5) mineral constituent analysis is done using logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving is optimized to optimal log, obtains full well
The content and its regularity of distribution of mineral in section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum；
6) set up full well section lithology/petrophysical model, by the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity,
Density, compressional wave and S-wave impedance and Poisson's ratio curve and the log of actual measurement are contrasted, with prediction and measured curve
Degree of agreement verify the reliability and reasonability of lithology/petrophysical model；
7) use step 2) the core column dynamic and static elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and in length and breadth that measure
Wave velocity anisotropy coefficient demarcation by log calculate or predict come result；
8) the rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral is carried out to log data；
9) many attribute intersections are carried out to reservoir attribute parameter, each attributive character of shale interval is obtained according to cross plot result, really
The fixed parameter or parameter combination for being used to predict that shale gas dessert area is associated；
10) utilize step 6) set up full well section petrophysical model, obtain petrophysical model artificial earthquake composite traces
Or trace gather, well shake demarcation is carried out with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or trace gather and is handled, near shale reservoir depth
Enter row amplitude to analyze with azimuthal variation with geophone offset change and amplitude；
11) comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area；
12) two-dimensional movement geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic profile data are gathered in the well in exploratory area；Or
With Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two-dimensional movement geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic profile data；
13) to the two dimension or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic profile data in exploratory area according to the depth and seismic wave of well geophone from ground
Reach well geophone carries out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting when walking, obtain accurate formation velocity, earth-attenuation system
The anisotropic parameters of number and each formation velocity；
14) comprehensive to ground or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data carries out high-precision top layer comprehensive modeling, and deriving static correction values are entered
Row static corrections processing；Surface seismic data is handled with vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven in borehole restraint and well, surface seismic is improved
The resolution ratio and precision of data, then carry out fine excision and iteration speed is calculated, then complete velocity modeling and three-dimensional prestack
Time migration and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging processing；
15) raising resolution processes are carried out to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging；
16) with the seismic channel high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory and with guarantor
The high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method really spent, is carried out at high-resolution to the data after the processing of three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration
Reason；
17) accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and the planar distribution of shale reservoir are extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data；
18) inversion of three dimensional high-resolution post-stack seismic data is disconnected for explaining to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion
Layer and crack；
19) using relevant and association attributes inclination angle and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax curvature, positive camber and negative cruvature attribute come
Describe and characterize subsurface fault, the Distribution Characteristics of crack crack and tectonic boundary；
20) unsupervised adaptive statistical model neural computing method is utilized, by nonlinear way automatic phasing dryness, most
Small and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, instantaneous inclination angle and inclination angle orientation is classified, according to the distribution characteristics of fracture spacing come
Determine seismic facies body, set up Earthquake Faulting phase, draw tomography and fracture belt distributed data body, for characterize seismic facies anomalous body and
Slit band；
21) automatic tomography pickup is carried out using poststack attribute data；
22) processing is corrected and evened up in the optimization, denoising, stretching for carrying out prestack seismic gather；
23) the elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, while according to the change of interval velocity in shale reservoir and difference, really
Determine strata pressure and draw a circle to approve the higher-pressure region in shale reservoir；
24) amplitude for carrying out three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition changes the synchronous wave impedance inversion with ripple in length and breadth with geophone offset；
25) elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out；
26) elliptic inverse of the modulus of elasticity of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, anisotropic elasticity modulus is obtained, passes through rock physicses
Analysis, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of target zone；
27) to sign tomography and the joint geologic interpretation of the seismic properties in crack and demarcation；
28) according to rammell fracture development status, determine that possible completion formation damage area and fracturing fluid disturb the possibility of offset well
Property；
29) according to step 2) rock core dynamic and static modulus of elasticity conversion relational expression, by each of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition
The dynamic modulus of elasticity that anisotropy elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving is obtained is converted to static modulus of elasticity；
30) using the correlation of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, the fragility regularity of distribution and feature of shale reservoir are determined, it is excellent
Change the completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme of horizontal well；
31) regularity of distribution using static modulus of elasticity or derivation static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, determines shale reservoir
Brittleness, obtain the orientation and intensity of local crustal stress, determine shale reservoir interrupting layer, crack and the azimuth tendency in crack
And dense degree, predict and draw a circle to approve the high formation pressure area in high total content of organic carbon and shale reservoir in shale reservoir；
32) parameter of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, with reference to accurate buried depth, thickness, occurrence and the planar distribution of shale reservoir,
Obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve the dessert area of shale gas exploration and development.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in different directions be, level vertical with attitude of stratum or into
45 degree of angles.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in core column be 2.5 centimetres of diameter, 5 centimetres of length.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) described in optimal log be to eliminate the change of drilling internal diameter, well
Tiltedly change, well liquid changes, well temperature changes, logging speed is uneven, downhole instrument is stuck, instrument non-at the uniform velocity rotation and logging instrument
After device error component, it can truly reflect the optimal log of stratum physical property change.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is step 4) described in perturbation analysis be by changing formation fluid, porosity
Or the corresponding log obtained after lithology, find out changing rule of the correspondence log with different fluid, porosity or lithology.
6. method according to claim 1, feature is step 5) described in mineral be clay, it is calcite, quartz, pyrite, total
Organic carbon content and dolomite.
7. method according to claim 1, feature is step 5) described in optimal log be clay pit in log data
Thing curve, bulk density curve, stratum uranium content curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and horizontal stroke
Ripple deviation curve.
8. method according to claim 1, feature is step 8) described in rock constituents perturbation analysis be by changing rock thing
The percentage composition of different minerals in model is managed, corresponding log is calculated, according to the log variable quantity calculated
Size, finds out the combination of corresponding Mineral change most sensitive property parameters or Sensitive Attributes parameter.
9. method according to claim 1, feature is step 9) described in parameter or parameter combination be modulus of elasticity, Young elasticity
Modulus, density, the coefficient of rigidity, the product of modulus of elasticity and density, the sum of products Young bullet of the coefficient of rigidity and density
The product of property modulus and density.
10. method according to claim 1, feature is step 14) described in top layer comprehensive modeling static correction be：At static correction
Reason, prestack denoising, amplitude compensation, Q value complements are repaid, surface consistent deconvolution and predictive deconvolution amplitude are with respect to fidelity processing.
11. method according to claim 1, feature is step 16) described in reflective information method of estimation be to be based on statistical signal
Self-adaptive processing, the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method using nonparametric spectral analysis method and with fidelity, most
Keep to limits original seismic data information and do not lose in original data on the premise of small geological information, obtain high-resolution
Complex seismic trace collection.
12. method according to claim 1, feature is step 21) described in tomography pickup be similar based on coherent body, characteristic value
Property or curvature body calculate section automatically, determine macrocrack and craven fault.
13. method according to claim 1, feature is step 23) described in elliptical velocity inverting be to root-mean-square value speed
Bearing data body carries out elliptical velocity analysis, obtains fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
14. method according to claim 1, feature is step 24) described in the synchronous wave impedance inversion of ripple in length and breadth be calculated amplitude
The gradient attribute changed with geophone offset, and inverting angular stack seismic data, synchronously obtain p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and bullet
The product of property modulus and density, the product of the coefficient of rigidity and density, the product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density.
15. method according to claim 1, feature is step 25) described in elliptic inverse be that azimuthal gradient and speed are done
Elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson parameter, is converted by rock physicses, by the geomechanics of layer for the purpose of Thomson Parameter Switch
Anisotropy parameter.
16. method according to claim 1, feature is step 26) described in reservoir parameter be rock brittleness, lithology, porosity,
Fluid, total content of organic carbon.
17. method according to claim 1, feature is step 27) described in joint geologic interpretation and demarcation reservoir petrologic characteristic
Parameter body log calibration, crack is demarcated with pit shaft imaging data and/or core analyzing data, large scale tomography and microcosmic
Tomography is demarcated with pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft imaging data, and stress anisotropy pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement is entered
The local demarcation of row, calibration process is contrasted with calculated value with measured result, finds out difference value between the two or phase relation
Number, then carries out the correction or correction of system to calculated value, to ensure calculated value and measurement result in the local eyeball in underground
Unanimously.
18. method according to claim 1, feature is step 30) described in optimum level well completion and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme
It is that horizontal well is laid in into fragility is higher and be easy in the shale containing high total organic carbon of pressure break, and optimization design each fracturing section
Spacing.
19. method according to claim 1, feature is step 32) described in parameter, include total content of organic carbon, the page of shale
Fragility, tomography, crack and the orientation in crack and density of rock reservoir, the orientation of local crustal stress and intensity, partial high pressure area and
Porosity is distributed.
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