CN115327663A - Air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration - Google Patents
Air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration, which comprises the following steps of: determining a high-resolution aerial gravity-magnetic survey scheme, carrying out large-area aerial gravity-magnetic survey, determining a target area for finding ores, carrying out high-precision ground gravity-magnetic measurement of local areas or key sections, carrying out high-resolution coupling inversion of ground and aerial gravity-magnetic anomaly, and revealing the distribution characteristics of deep field sources; carrying out electric method or seismic profile measurement, carrying out joint inversion of space-earth gravity magnetic and electric method and seismic data, and accurately obtaining the structural distribution characteristics of a deep field source; by using the drilling data with higher vertical resolution as constraints, the air-ground-well combined constraint inversion is carried out, the deep field source physical property distribution characteristic acquisition, the ore body positioning prediction and the resource potential evaluation are better realized, and the purposes of improving the drilling success rate and reducing the exploration cost are achieved. The fine exploration of mineral resources is realized, and an important technical guarantee is provided for the exploration and development of the mineral resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral exploration and detection methods, and particularly relates to an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical detection method for deep mineral resource exploration.
Background
The geophysical prospecting is based on the physical property difference between a prospecting target and surrounding rocks, and researches the geological structure characteristics of the underground space by acquiring geophysical data such as weight, magnetism, electricity, earthquake and the like. The method is widely applied to the aspects of detection of the internal structure of the earth, exploration of mineral resources, explanation of mineral cause, calculation of mineral reserves and the like. In recent years, with the upgrading of hardware equipment and the rapid development of computer technology, the precision and the efficiency of geophysical exploration equipment are greatly improved, geophysical measurement and interpretation means such as high-precision aviation, ground and wells are developed, and the optimization and the improvement of a geophysical exploration method technical system are promoted.
Deep mineral resources have great potential and are the main mining direction in the future, but shallow overburden layers have the functions of shielding, isolating, low-resistance shielding and the like on deep geophysical signals, and mineral resources with large buried depth are weaker in the geophysical signals on the ground surface and are easily covered by shallow field sources, so that the mining difficulty is large, and method technical research and exploration theoretical innovation need to be developed according to the characteristics of thick overburden layers. The aviation geophysical exploration has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, no terrain limitation and the like, but the exploration fineness is low; the ground geophysical exploration has the advantages of high detection resolution and the like, but the efficiency is low; the vertical resolution of geophysical exploration in a well is high, but the control range is small, and the effective exploration on deep mineral resources in a thick coverage area is difficult to realize by inversion of certain single data.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to effectively reveal the distribution of deep field sources by utilizing multi-source information aiming at the defects of the prior art and the exploration of deep mineral resources. The ground gravity survey technology and the magnetic survey technology in the geophysical data are passive source measurement technologies, observation information of the ground gravity survey technology and the magnetic survey technology is a comprehensive field generated by density and magnetism of underground geologic bodies, the detection depth can well meet the requirement of deep mineral exploration, and due to the influence of the comprehensive field effect, weak signals generated by physical properties of deep mineral-forming geologic bodies are easily interfered by strong signals generated by physical properties of shallow covering layers, so that the accuracy of inversion and interpretation of the deep weak signals is influenced.
With the development of an aerial survey technology, an aerial gravity and magnetic survey method is gradually mature, the aerial gravity and magnetic survey has the advantages that the aerial gravity and magnetic survey can be fast and has no regional limitation, and the aerial survey weakens the proportion of shallow layer strong signals in overall abnormity due to the fact that the aerial survey is higher than the observation surface of the ground gravity and magnetic survey technology, the data analysis means shows that the aerial survey weakens the proportion of shallow layer strong signals in overall abnormity, and the range precision of inversion and explanation of deep weak signals is improved, specifically, as shown in an air-ground-well geophysical survey gravity and underground density model observation data simulation diagram in fig. 2, but due to the fact that the observation surface is higher, the response of deep weak signals is also influenced, and certain errors exist in overall physical properties of later inversion and identification. By combining the gravity-magnetic data characteristics of aviation and the ground, an air-ground gravity-magnetic combined-based exploration technical system is established, other geophysical data constraints such as electricity, earthquake and wells are combined, and the air-ground-well geophysical data are used for effectively realizing fine inversion of deep mineral resource distribution in a cooperative mode, wherein the specific scheme is shown in figure 1.
The aeronautical gravity magnetic survey is fast in speed and small in influence by terrain, and aeronautical gravity magnetic data more highlights information of a deep field source, so that the aeronautical gravity magnetic survey is a main means for thick coverage area survey. The ground gravity-magnetic data can more highlight shallow field source information, so that the inversion resolution can be obviously improved by combining the aviation gravity-magnetic data with the ground gravity-magnetic data, but the defect of low inversion fineness still exists, and therefore the precision of the deep field source (mineral formation geologic body) fine structure inversion can be improved by utilizing the ground electrical method and seismic data constraints. The vertical resolution of the inversion of the air-ground geophysical data can be effectively improved through the physical properties in the well, so that the high-resolution physical property inversion of a deep field source (an ore-forming geologic body) can be realized by utilizing the layering characteristic of the well measured data to carry out constraint. Based on the characteristics of the exploration method, an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical cooperation exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration is provided, and the air-ground-well cooperation aims to exert the advantages of different types of data and realize the accurate positioning of an exploration target, so that the drilling success rate is improved, the exploration cost is reduced, and the problems in the background technology are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration comprises the following steps:
forward simulation analysis is carried out based on the existing geological and geophysical data of the thick coverage area, the optimal flight height, the scale, the precision and the like of the aeronautical and aeronautical magnetic survey are determined through a singular value spectrum and a depth resolution map, and the high-resolution aeronautical and aeronautical magnetic survey is carried out;
when the underground space is divided into n 1 When the number of the surface observation points of each unit body is n, the expression of the gravity-magnetic anomaly can be written as follows:
where d is gravity or magnetic anomaly, m is density or magnetic susceptibility, and A is a kernel function matrix consisting of forward gravity magnetic anomalies of unit density unit cells at the observation point.
Solving a formula 1 to obtain a process of obtaining a physical property change m through actually measuring the gravity-magnetic anomaly d and a subdivision obtained kernel function matrix A, namely three-dimensional physical property inversion;
the kernel function matrix a composed of forward responses of the subdivision tetrahedral units can be decomposed into the following form:
wherein i is the serial number of singular value, the larger the serial number is, the singular value corresponding to the deeper field source is represented, Λ is singular value matrix which is diagonal matrix and the diagonal element is singular value sigma which has nonnegativity and decreases with the increase of i i U and V are left and right singular matrices, U i And v i Left and right singular vectors,the size of t is the smaller of the number of rows and columns of the a matrix. Singular value sigma i The size of the amplitude reflects the inversion resolution, so that the influence of the kernel function matrix on the inversion resolution under different subdivision modes can be compared through a singular value curve.
By the singular value decomposition method in formula 2, the eigen solution of formula 1 can be derived as:
key of depth information is at right singular matrix v i The depth corresponding to the high-amplitude part in the basis function is easier to obtain a high-resolution result through summation, and the ith singular value vector v needs to be known i How deep in three-dimensional space is reached.
So for the structural mesh subdivision, divide each v i Conversion to N x ×N y ×N z Three components respectively represent the number of the subdivision units in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, each component represents the depth resolution capability of the subdivision block in the three-dimensional space, and v of the same depth layer is divided i Calculating two norms to obtain s i
Due to the orthonormal feature of vi, s i Each element in (a) is between 0 and 1.
s i The amplitude corresponds to each layer of subdivision depth, and the size represents each depth information quantity carried in the ith singular vector. s i The composed matrix represents the Depth information of all singular value vectors, and is called Depth-resolution Plot (DRP).
Resolution features at different depths in the inversion can be determined by the depth of the high magnitude parameters in the depth resolution map.
Based on the aviation gravity and magnetic data inversion result, a favorable ore finding zone is circled, the ground gravity and magnetic measurement of a local area or a key section is carried out, and the distribution of field source targets is revealed through the coupling inversion of the ground and aviation gravity and magnetic data:
the objective function is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and
representing two physical properties in the joint inversion respectively represent density and magnetic susceptibility in the gravity-magnetic cross-gradient joint inversion,
and
for the reference density and reference susceptibility calculated from the electroseismic data,
and
represents the observation of gravity and magnetic anomaly, A 1 And A 2 Kernel function matrix, W, representing the forward response composition of the subdivision tetrahedral cells ρ And W κ Is a depth weight function, u 1 、u 2 And alpha 1 、α 2 Representing a regularization factor, and being used for balancing the weight of three two-norm calculations in the objective function, so that the three two-norm formulas respectively play a balanced role in the fitness of the inversion result to the data, the stability of the inversion result and the structural similarity of the inversion result, and alpha is 1 、α 2 Of the order of 10 to the power of n, n generally being between 7 and 12. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the cross gradient between two inversion physical properties, and the structure of the inversion result is consistent by using the cross gradient as a constraint condition, and the specific form is as follows:
the cross gradient is calculated by the derivatives of p and k in the x, y, z directions.
And determining the measurement positions of a ground electrical method, an earthquake and a well based on the potential distribution area of the mineral resources revealed by the air-ground gravity magnetic inversion, and selectively carrying out the exploration work of the electrical method and the earthquake section.
And performing space-ground-well geophysical joint inversion through the electric and seismic geophysical data and the existing well hole data to obtain the accurate distribution of the deep field source (the mineralizing geologic body) in the thick coverage area.
The joint inversion formula is as follows:
wherein alpha is 3 、α 4 Representing regularization factors for balancing weights calculated by well constraint terms in the objective function, P being a well data extraction matrix, ρ being inverted physical properties, ρ log Is the well data.
The method can better realize the acquisition of the distribution characteristics of the physical properties of the underground field source, the positioning prediction and the potential evaluation of mineral resources.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention establishes an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical cooperative detection system, utilizes the advantages of no terrain limitation, high efficiency, wide range and the like of air-gravity-magnetic exploration, and quickly realizes the acquisition of regional stratum, rock mass, fracture and other mineralizing geological information and the optimization of a mineral exploration target area; based on the characteristics that local ground gravity magnetic data and aviation gravity magnetic data reflect different depth field source information, an air-ground gravity magnetic high-precision coupling inversion technology is established, different depth field source characteristics are effectively and simultaneously inverted, an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical data collaborative inversion method is established by taking an electrical method, seismic data and well physical property data of the ground as constraints, and therefore distribution of deep field sources is accurately disclosed, the technical problem of deep field source acquisition is solved, fine exploration of deep mineral resources is achieved by fully utilizing the characteristics of the air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical data, effectiveness and accuracy of deep mineral resource exploration can be effectively improved, drilling success rate is improved, exploration cost is reduced, and important technical support is provided for resource development in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective geophysical exploration scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation of gravity and density observations in a space-earth-well geophysical survey according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the experimental example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical collaborative detection method for deep mineral resource exploration comprises the following steps:
forward simulation analysis is carried out based on the existing geological and geophysical data of the thick coverage area, the optimal flight height, the scale, the precision and the like of the aeronautical and aeronautical magnetic survey are determined through a singular value spectrum and a depth resolution map, and the high-resolution aeronautical and aeronautical magnetic survey is carried out;
when the ground is emptyWith an inter-subdivision of n 1 When the number of the surface observation points of each unit body is n, the expression of the gravity-magnetic anomaly can be written as follows:
where d is the gravity or magnetic anomaly, m is the density or magnetic susceptibility, and A is a kernel function matrix consisting of the forward gravity and magnetic anomalies of unit density unit cells at the observation point.
Solving a formula 1 to obtain a process of obtaining a physical property change m through actually measuring the gravity-magnetic anomaly d and a subdivision obtained kernel function matrix A, namely three-dimensional physical property inversion;
the kernel function matrix a composed of forward responses of the subdivision tetrahedral units can be decomposed into the following form:
wherein, i is the serial number of singular value, the larger the serial number is, the singular value corresponding to the deeper field source is represented, Λ is singular value matrix, which is diagonal matrix, the diagonal elements are singular value sigma with non-negativity and decreasing with the increasing of i i U and V are left and right singular matrices, U i And v i The size of t is the smaller of the number of rows and columns of the a matrix, for the left and right singular vectors. Singular value sigma i The size of the amplitude reflects the inversion resolution, so that the influence of the kernel function matrix on the inversion resolution under different subdivision modes can be compared through a singular value curve.
By the singular value decomposition method in formula 2, the eigen solution of formula 1 can be deduced as:
key of depth information is at right singular matrix v i Which is the basis function of the regularization solution, the depth corresponding to the high amplitude portion of the basis functionHigh resolution results are more easily obtained by summing, requiring knowledge of the ith singular value vector v i How deep in three-dimensional space is reached.
So for the structural mesh subdivision, divide each v i Conversion to N x ×N y ×N z Three components respectively represent the number of the subdivision units in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, each component represents the depth resolution capability of the subdivision block in the three-dimensional space, and v of the same depth layer is divided i Obtaining s by solving two norms i
Due to v i Of the orthonormal feature of s i Each element in (1) is between 0 and 1.
s i The amplitude corresponds to each layer of subdivision depth, and the size represents each depth information quantity carried in the ith singular vector. s i The composed matrix represents the Depth information of all singular value vectors, and is called Depth-resolution Plot (DRP).
Resolution features at different depths in the inversion can be determined by the depth of the high magnitude parameters in the depth resolution map.
Based on the aviation gravity and magnetic data inversion result, a favorable ore finding zone is circled, the ground gravity and magnetic measurement of a local area or a key section is carried out, and the distribution of a field source target is revealed through the coupling inversion of the ground and aviation gravity and magnetic data:
the objective function is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and
representing that two physical properties in the joint inversion respectively represent density and magnetic susceptibility in the gravity-magnetic cross-gradient joint inversion,
and
for the reference density and reference susceptibility calculated from the electroseismic data,
and
representing observation of gravity magnetic anomalies, A 1 And A 2 Kernel function matrix, W, representing the forward response composition of the subdivision tetrahedral cells ρ And W κ Is a depth weight function, u 1 、u 2 And alpha 1 、α 2 Representing a regularization factor, and being used for balancing the weight of three two-norm calculations in the objective function, so that the three two-norm formulas respectively play a balanced role in the fitness of the inversion result to the data, the stability of the inversion result and the structural similarity of the inversion result, and alpha is 1 、α 2 Of the order of 10 to the power of n, n generally being between 7 and 12. Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
represents the cross gradient between two inversion physical properties, and the structure of the inversion result is consistent as a constraint condition, and the specific form is as follows:
the cross gradient is calculated by the derivatives of p and k in the x, y, z directions.
And determining the measurement positions of the ground electrical method, the earthquake and the well based on the potential distribution area of the mineral resources revealed by the space-ground gravity magnetic inversion, and selectively carrying out the electrical method and earthquake profile exploration work.
And performing space-ground-well geophysical joint inversion through the electric and seismic geophysical data and the existing well hole data to obtain the accurate distribution of the deep field source (the mineralizing geologic body) in the thick coverage area.
The joint inversion formula is as follows:
wherein alpha is 3 、α 4 Representing regularization factors for balancing weights calculated by well constraint terms in the objective function, P being a well data extraction matrix, ρ being inverted physical properties, ρ log Is the well data.
The method can better realize the acquisition of the distribution characteristics of the physical properties of the underground field source, the positioning prediction and the potential evaluation of mineral resources.
In an experimental example, as shown in fig. 3 in particular, according to the characteristic that a mineral deposit in a certain region in shanxi has a high-low density contact zone, an air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical cooperative detection technology for deep mineral resource exploration is established, and through field source characteristics of different depths embodied by air-ground gravity magnetic data and multiple data constraints, the distribution range of deep mineral resources is accurately revealed, so that a direction is provided for deep resource development.
In a certain mining area in Shaanxi, firstly, according to existing geological and geophysical data, the flight height is analyzed by simulating aeronautical gravity-magnetic anomaly, and finally, the flight average height is determined to be 80m from the ground surface, and the flight scale is 1 ten thousand, so that high-resolution aeronautical gravity-magnetic measurement is carried out.
And (3) inverting the delineated field source distribution area by using the aviation gravity and magnetic data, performing large-scale ground gravity and magnetic measurement of a local area, performing high-resolution coupling inversion by using the air-ground gravity and magnetic data, giving a physical structure of the underground, and comprehensively analyzing the structural distribution potential condition of the deep mineral resources according to an inversion result and a geological map.
And in the potential distribution area of the deep mineral resources, carrying out ground electrical method, seismic survey and well survey, and verifying well hole data according to inversion results, as shown in the gravity magnetic and seismic data, the electrical method and the well data of fig. 3.
And recognizing the distribution range of the deep mineral products in a certain mining area in Shaanxi by adopting an air-ground joint inversion mode under the constraints of electricity, earthquake and wells, as shown by a three-dimensional inversion result and deep mineral product deduction in figure 3.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The air-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical exploration method for deep mineral resource exploration is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
determining an aeronautical gravity-magnetic survey scheme by using a mathematical singular value and a depth resolution map of the established preliminary model based on the existing geological and geophysical data, and developing large-area high-resolution aeronautical gravity-magnetic survey;
based on the aviation gravity and magnetic data inversion result, carrying out ground gravity and magnetic measurement of a local area or a key section in the defined favorable ore-forming zone, and better revealing the distribution characteristics of the deep field source through high-resolution coupling inversion of aviation and ground gravity and magnetic anomalies;
carrying out electrical method or seismic profile measurement aiming at a resource distribution potential region disclosed by a density and magnetic susceptibility structure, thereby realizing joint inversion of space-earth gravity magnetic, electrical method and seismic data and accurately obtaining the distribution of a deep field source;
and (3) performing air-ground-well combined constraint inversion by using the drilling data with higher vertical resolution or the existing drilling data as constraints, and more accurately realizing deep field source physical property distribution acquisition, and positioning prediction and resource potential evaluation of the mineralizing geologic body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the design of the measurement plan for airborne gravity and magnetic data is determined from a data singular value and depth resolution map of an underground model created from existing geological and geophysical data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerial gravity-magnetic data inversion results are subjected to ground gravity-magnetic measurement of local areas or key sections in favorable mineralization areas, and then to high-resolution coupled inversion of ground and aerial gravity-magnetic anomalies, so as to more finely reveal the distribution characteristics of deep field sources.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a high resolution coupled inversion method of airborne and ground gravity-magnetic anomalies is established to reveal the deep field source distribution with high resolution.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the joint inversion is a joint inversion of air-ground geophysical under the constraints of the aeromagnetic and ground-magnetic, electrical and seismic geophysical prospecting techniques.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the space-ground-well three-dimensional geophysical prospecting method is an air-ground-well three-dimensional constraint inversion method for well physical property constraints.
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| CN116360000B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-09-05 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Aeromagnetic detection method for crust material structure |
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