CN101403797A - Advanced geological prediction system and method for underground engineering construction - Google Patents
Advanced geological prediction system and method for underground engineering construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN101403797A CN101403797A CNA2008103055744A CN200810305574A CN101403797A CN 101403797 A CN101403797 A CN 101403797A CN A2008103055744 A CNA2008103055744 A CN A2008103055744A CN 200810305574 A CN200810305574 A CN 200810305574A CN 101403797 A CN101403797 A CN 101403797A
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Abstract
The invention provides an underground engineering construction advanced geological prediction system and a prediction method thereof which comprise earthquake wave receivers that are distributed in the underground construction tunnels and the arrangement method thereof, an earthquake wave collector and an earthquake wave data processing and analyzing system, wherein, the earthquake wave collector is formed by connecting a system motherboard and 16 collecting daughter boards in a way of inserting card, and the daughter boards are communicated with the system motherboard by connecting sockets to obtain electricity; the system motherboard comprises an SCM master-control circuit, a power, a power light, a serial port, a USB port and a wireless port; each collecting daughter board comprises a connecting socket used for connecting with the motherboard, and a field programmable gate array circuit FPGA; the earthquake receiver is a multi-component spatial receiver, which comprises a detector and a supporting carrier for the detector; the earthquake wave data processing and analyzing system is a computer in which an earthquake wave data processing and analyzing software is installed. The system can detect the shape of spatial 3D geologic body, improves the reliability and accuracy of construction advanced geological prediction, is used for underground engineering construction advanced geological prediction and applicable for various underground engineering excavations, furthermore, shot points and receivers of this system can be flexibly arranged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction surface front geological condition prognoses system and forecasting procedure thereof.
Background technology
In the Underground Engineering Excavation process, the workmen generally runs into the not clear puzzlement of front geological condition.Though the early stage done to a certain degree the design of reconnoitring in construction, because the restriction of many-sided factors such as fund, field condition, technological means, prospecting in early stage data is difficult to satisfy the technical requirement of Underground Engineering Excavation.On the other hand, because the Underground Engineering Excavation limitation of field condition is difficult to adopt existing exploration engineering that excavation the place ahead certain distance is carried out advance geologic prediction.The present tunnel earthquake prediction method that extensively adopts of rock mass Tunnel Engineering is forecast that the main method that the tunnel earthquake prediction is adopted is a reflective wave method, and the contrast principle major part that seismologic record is discerned and followed the trail of is a position versus, i.e. ranging offset method.Near the tunnel arrangement method of earthquake prediction face has multiple, and its arrangement method can be divided into two-dimentional 2D survey line recording geometry and three-dimensional 3D area recording geometry.The 2D recording geometry refers to that focus and receiver arrange along survey line, and the 3D recording geometry be with focal point and receiver by spatial arrangement, constitute space length or angular deflection.Common 2D recording geometry as: all claim TSP (Tunnel SeismicPrediction) with shot point and receiver at the arrangement mode of side wall; And claim VSP (Vertical SeismicProfiling) at a plurality of receivers of face at the arrangement mode of side wall with shot point; To lay focus and wave detector respectively at two sidewalls of tunnel, by its relative position fixedly shot point or acceptance point and excite and receive arranging of interlacing and be called HSP (Horizontal Sound wave Profiling); Shot point and receiver are called vertically seismic event by certain arranged arranging of tunnel tunnel face arrange promptly minimum pole span deflection method.The 3D recording geometry is as TRT (True Reflection Tomography), it is the spatial arrangement of given source point and receiver, adopt the ranging offset method, above system has the not high defective of three-dimensional geologic advanced prediction accuracy rate, especially when solving complicated geological problem, be difficult to satisfy the construction requirement of underground works.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system, the invention provides a kind of novel underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system and forecasting procedure thereof, solve the not high technical matters of construction advance geologic prediction accuracy rate, and solve the advanced geology for tunnel construction forecasting problem under the complex geological condition.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system, comprise the space seismic receiver that is distributed in the underground works tunnel and arrange, seismic event collector and seismic data Treatment Analysis system, it is characterized in that:
Said system adopts many many ripples of component spatial arrangements, has formed the associating system of " angle+distance " skew, the data that can gather the three dimensions seismic event as required, and supporting processing, analyze, declare the system software of translating.
Seismic event collector systems motherboard and 16 collection daughter board plug-in cards are formed by connecting, and gather daughter board and are communicated with power taking by gang socket with system board.
The total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer, power supply, power light, serial ports, USB interface and wave point are arranged on the system board, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with deck with 16 by control/data bus, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with a USB controller signals, the USB controller be connected computer by serial and be connected with USB interface.
Gather daughter board for every a gang socket that is connected with system board is arranged, also has a field programmable gate array circuit FPGA, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA is connected with a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDRAM signal by parallel bus, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA has a signal input, by this signal input through spi bus with 16 independently the A/D converter signal be connected, gather for 16 and form 256 simulating signal input channels on the daughter board, each A/D converter all has an interface that is connected with sensor.
Above-mentioned seismic receiver is many component space receiver, it comprises the prop carrier of wave detector and wave detector, the prop carrier of wave detector is a hollow hemisphere housing, the a plurality of latitude circle in sphere upper edge and a plurality of meridian of hollow hemisphere housing are distributed with the wave detector hole, wave detector is fixed in the wave detector hole, self orientation of its axis centre of sphere of each wave detector, the sense line of all wave detectors links to each other with lead-in wire, hollow hemisphere housing and wave detector cover in the shell, opening one side of hollow hemisphere housing is connected with back shroud, is fixed with handle on the shell respectively, the bubble that lead-in wire interface and horizontal location are used.
The computing machine of above-mentioned seismic data Treatment Analysis Installed System Memory seismic data Treatment Analysis software, this computing machine receive the seismic data of seismic event collector by wired or wireless interface and wireless base station.
Above-mentioned wave detector preferentially is arranged on the high latitude circle of hollow hemisphere housing.
The distribution of above-mentioned wave detector on sphere is to distribute symmetrically.
The sense line of above-mentioned wave detector is close to the interior cavity edge laying of hollow hemisphere housing, and the lead-in wire interface on the final sum shell links to each other.
Above-mentioned wave detector is sealingly fastened in the wave detector hole by plug.
Above-mentioned shell body can be prismatic or curved.
The system board of above-mentioned seismic event collector and collection daughter board adopt four layer printed circuit boards with independent bus plane and ground plane.
The total control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer of above-mentioned seismic event collector is a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) of realizing that signal drives.
The wave point that can be connected with Computer signal is arranged on the system board of above-mentioned seismic event collector.
A kind of forecasting procedure of using above-mentioned underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system is characterized in that following steps are arranged:
Engineering site situation and mission requirements under step 1, the base area are selected 1～4 seismic receiver associating arrangement mode at the scene, select the focal point locus, count;
Step 2, in-situ data input computing machine: comprise the description of engineering overview, the description of receiver locus, the description of focal point locus, tunnel radius and excavation height;
Step 3, according to the embedding seismic receiver of selection mode, arrange that focal point, hammering method place trigger board, connect synchronizing cable and get final product; Blasting procedure needs to pour water in shot point boring, blasting charge and electric detonator, the hole, seismic receiver is connected with the seismic event collector by cable, the sub-detonator that will generate electricity in wink is connected with initiator, and initiator is connected with the seismic event collector, at last the seismic event collector is connected with computing machine;
Step 4, operational computations machine, carry out parameter configuration and data acquisition: comprise triggering mode, the time window select, gather in real time and single acquisition is selected;
Step 5, connect situation by computer testing system, normal after, system enters ready state;
Step 6, suspend various mechanical vibration, after personnel withdraw, start initiator or hammering, system triggers, beginning earthquake data acquisition, transmission work, repeating step 5～6 during multiple spot, after finishing earthquake data acquisition, system can form the earthquake standards data file that file layout is * .segy;
Step 7, operational computations machine carry out Data Management Analysis to earthquake normal data file: comprise various corrections, spectrum analysis, bandpass filtering, velocity analysis, wave field separation, diffraction stack, depth shift, the analysis of rock-soil mechanics parameter;
Step 8, operational computations machine carry out graphic presentation to earthquake normal data file: comprise one dimension figure, X-Y scheme, three-dimensional picture;
Step 9, according to the Treatment Analysis and the demonstration of step 6～7, carry out explanation, interpretation, the analysis of seismic data, geological condition is forecast.
In step 9, adopt the seismic reflection law theory, based on compressional wave, be P ripple data, country rock is divided, be S ripple data in conjunction with shear wave, geological condition is forecast forecast will be followed following criterion:
1., the normal reflection interface shows and enters hard formation, negative reflecting interface shows and enters soft formation;
2., if transverse wave reflection strong than compressional wave, show that then the rock stratum is full of water;
3., velocity of longitudinal wave Vp/ shear wave velocity Vs increases or Poisson ratio increases suddenly, usually the existence owing to fluid causes;
4., if Vp descends, show that then crack or factor of porosity increase, otherwise Vp increases, show that rock mass strength increases;
The geological condition of judging construction surface the place ahead according to this changes and has or not existence and its locus, scope, character and the mutual relationship of unfavorable geology disaster body.
The present invention is based under the condition that observation station has same position the method for following the trail of ground seismic event phase place at the function of spatial orientation as oscillating component and carries out the space geologic prediction, improved the accuracy rate of construction advance geologic prediction, owing to be room device, the restriction that can not arranged, its characteristics and beneficial effect are as follows:
The present invention adopts the mode of focal point and seismic receiver spatial arrangement, adopts the associating system of " angle+distance " skew, i.e. USP (Underground Seismic Prediction).The orientation contrast of director space device cooperates with the position versus method.The cooperation of two kinds of control methodss utilization can reliable ground, the ripple on the valid analysis seismologic record, even can solve the insurmountable challenge of ranging offset under the situation preferably.When solving special geologic prediction problem, particularly under the complex geological tectonic condition, when ranging offset does not have comparative fully, can adopt the dimensional orientation device to carry out data and remedy.Effective combination of position versus and orientation contrast, the just many focus in this system, the situation of multiple collector.System provides 256 passages, disposes 4 seismic receivers, and each seismic receiver 64 passage is not strict with the working-yard of forecast, can carry out the method combination that many focus, multiple collector and stacking fold are not limit.Can solve the advanced geology for tunnel construction forecasting problem under the complex geological condition.
The present invention adopts real-time collecting method, in the seismic data collection that the unartificial focus of constructing tunnel field by using carries out, it is to utilize vibration signal that the own vibrating noise of construction the excites geological condition by the continuity judgement front of tunnel heading of stack and signal.Seek best collection opportunity for single acquisition simultaneously, be equivalent to the camera function in the video camera.And single acquisition just is equivalent to the camera function in the video camera, and the acquisition parameter configuration that camera function is provided with usually is lower, and reaction is very fast.The parameter configuration of single camera function is higher, can obtain effect more clearly.In addition, collection in real time also can be provided with threshold value, and it is when collecting bigger reflected signal and surpassing predetermined threshold value, and the system start-up single acquisition is carried out the threshold triggers forecast.In forecasting process, can unite use with gathering in real time, in the hope of obtaining the better value of forecasting with single acquisition.
System of the present invention is applied to Radio Transmission Technology in the advanced prediction equipment, in the hope of using under special underground works scene.Also can under some unsafe environment, carry out backstage or long-range acquisition process function.Total system only need add supporting base station and background manage software and get final product.Wireless transmission is very convenient for real-time acquisition system, and image data is carried out correlation analysis at any time.Native system is in that have can continuous working under the situation of power supply.Under the situation of no dispatch from foreign news agency, but still continuous working more than 3 hours of self-contained battery.
The present invention utilizes multi-component seismic ripple space receiving trap, can receive in the space seismic event from different directions, can on a point, obtain the seismic event of a large amount of outs of phase, according to axially the do not coexist multi-component seismic record of a some gained of space seismoreceiver, hyperchannel, synchronous acquisition seismic event have fast been realized.Make the USP system can adopt the associating system of position versus and orientation contrast, become a kind of underground works advance geologic prediction system of wide spectrum.
The present invention can replace 3 components to arrange with 64 components in the multiple spot room device according to field condition and mission requirements, and what be easy to realize angular deflection and ranging offset unites the collection system, and it has improved the efficient of seismic event space acquisition greatly.A plurality of wave detectors are enclosed in the housing, simple structure, easy to carry, be particularly useful for the excavation of various underground workss, the restriction that while the utility model is not arranged by focus can be widely used in the work of various Underground Engineering Excavation advance geologic prediction space data collection.
System of the present invention usually adopts 2 receivers to arrange, and has only when the geology complicated condition or mission requirements precision when higher, adopts 4 receiving traps.Owing to each receiving trap has disposed 64 multicomponent wave detectors of different directions, the feasible 3D recording geometry that makes up has abundant valid data, can carry out three-dimensional data processing and demonstration to square poorly plastid in face of the underground engineering excavation.
The underground engineering construction scene at first the space receiving trap is embedded in the Underground Engineering Excavation face near, regulating the qi flowing in the channels bubble is to smooth, and the place ahead that spindle alignment need be surveyed.After mixing up direction and level, it is fixed in the soil body or the rock mass.Usually directly embedding and guarantee that the space receiving trap contacts with the soil body is closely knit in the soil body, the above earthing of receiving trap will reach 30～50cm usually.Give the correct time in advance in the rock mass tunnel, usually receiving trap is embedded in the place of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation of face, closely contact with rock mass in order to guarantee receiving trap, be fixed with the injection concrete, the depth of burying should reach to be covered more than the concrete 50cm.Be necessary to determine by the orientation direction of receiving trap axle when embedding, the method for available compass or transit is with the receiving trap orientation, and level can be carried out leveling by the air level of receiving trap.The bad condition of laying can cause the distortion of seismologic record, guarantees that receiving trap and rock soil mass excellent contact are very important.
The present invention has overcome traditional space seismic event needs repeatedly the linear wave detector of laying, and often be subjected to the restriction in focus distribution place, can't lay the wave detector of sufficient amount, the seismic event component that traditional space seismic event detection system of while detects has only three (X, Y, Z), has solved at same focal point to record a plurality of seismic event components simultaneously and utilize the seismic reflection principle to carry out the technical matters that the shape body is surveyed.
System of the present invention can carry out the scene directly gathers and the Long-distance Control collection, usually, adopts on-the-spot directly collection in drill bursting construction or TBM, shield machine construction.Directly picking rate is fast, field condition is easily controlled, when arranging a plurality of receiving trap, because the collection in worksite mode is used in the big normal suggestion of data volume.If any specific (special) requirements or when having site safety hidden danger, can adopt the Long-distance Control collection.
The present invention is when being applied to various Underground Engineering Excavation, its focal point, receiver can be arranged flexibly, be used for the underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction, can be used for solving various geological problems, find and the geological condition of understanding construction surface the place ahead changes and has or not the existence of unfavorable geology disaster body and its locus, scope, character mutual relationship etc.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that system of the present invention benching tunnelling method collection in worksite is arranged.
Fig. 3 is that the underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction 3D of system arranges synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the system board modular structure block diagram of seismic event collector.
Fig. 5 is the collection daughter board modular structure block diagram of seismic event collector.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of many component space receiver.
Fig. 7 is an A-A diagrammatic cross-section among Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the process flow diagram that application underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction of the present invention system carries out advance geologic prediction.
Reference numeral: 1-underground works tunnel, 2-seismic receiver, 2.1-hollow hemisphere housing, 2.2-bubble, 2.3-handle, 2.4-lead-in wire interface, 2.5-wave detector, 2.6-plug, 2.7-wave detector hole, 2.8-back shroud, 2.9 shells, 3-seismic event collector, 4-seismic data Treatment Analysis device, 5-face, 6-focal point.
Embodiment
Embodiment is referring to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, and this underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system comprises the seismic receiver 2, seismic event collector 3 and the seismic data Treatment Analysis system 4 that are distributed in the underground works tunnel 1.
System of the present invention arranges referring to Fig. 3 at the scene of tunnel benching tunnelling method construction:
1) benching tunnelling method adopts Dan Dong, many pilot tunnels worker method excavation, arranges that as Fig. 1 this method generally adopts in construction, and many benching tunnelling methods can be arranged equally.
Its focal point 6 and seismic receiver 2 can rationally be arranged according to on-the-spot specific tasks and field condition, seismic receiver 2 maximum 4, but focal point 6 multiple spots, concrete all changeables.
2) scene of system of the present invention full section construction method in the tunnel is arranged
Even extraordinary country rock also seldom adopts complete section construction in the construction.The present invention can conveniently lay when full section method is constructed equally.At this moment receiver can be deployed directly into the below of face 5, can arrange shot point on face, just the big gun hole should have certain downward inclination angle to make things convenient in the hole to pour water, and other way is the same with benching tunnelling method.
3) combination of a plurality of spaces of system of the present invention receiving trap
The combination of a plurality of receiving traps is normally according to the geologic prediction task of tunnel and underground works and field condition decision.According to the relative position of shot point and acceptance point, the receiving trap of system of the present invention is arranged as two usually, is the center with tunnel axis or Underground Engineering Excavation face, is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation respectively.Under than complexity or mission requirements precision condition with higher, receiving trap divides two to come the layout of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and is repeatedly excited by 3～5 epicenter excitation points.Because each receiving trap has disposed 64 multicomponent wave detectors of different directions, the feasible 3D recording geometry that makes up has abundant valid data, can carry out three-dimensional data to the poorly plastid of side in face of the underground engineering excavation and handle and demonstration.
The comprehensive characteristics of seismic event angular deflection and ranging offset and relation are decided by the complicacy of wave field and the task of exploration.Fairly simple and based on only utilizing a kind of ripple at wave field, under the ripple contrast condition easily, ranging offset was because fairly simple playing a major role when for example the method for vertical reflection wave was carried out work.In this case, angular deflection only plays supplementary function, is mainly used to obtain the universal of wave field and analyzes interference fringe.
The receiving trap of other underground works the place ahead forecast task is laid and can be carried out as the case may be.
After having buried receiving trap underground,, begin data collection task then by selecting acquisition parameter.On-site data gathering work only continues tens minutes usually, and the concrete time also needs with reference to exciting what of counting.
Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, above-mentioned seismic event collector is formed by connecting by system board and 16 collection daughter board plug-in cards, gathers daughter board and is communicated with power taking by gang socket with system board.
The total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer, power supply, power light, serial ports, USB interface and wave point are arranged on the system board, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with deck with 16 by control/data bus, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with a USB controller signals, the USB controller be connected computer by serial and be connected with USB interface.
Gather daughter board for every a gang socket that is connected with system board is arranged, also has a field programmable gate array circuit FPGA, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA is connected with a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDRAM signal by parallel bus, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA has a signal input, by this signal input through spi bus with 16 independently the A/D converter signal be connected, gather for 16 and form 256 simulating signal input channels on the daughter board, each A/D converter all has an interface that is connected with sensor.
The system board of above-mentioned seismic event collector 3 and collection daughter board adopt four layer printed circuit boards with independent bus plane and ground plane.The total control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer of seismic event collector 3 is a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) of realizing that signal drives.The wave point that can be connected with Computer signal is arranged on the system board of seismic event collector 3.
Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, above-mentioned seismic receiver is many component space receiver, it comprises the prop carrier of wave detector 2.5 and wave detector, it is characterized in that: the prop carrier of wave detector is a hollow hemisphere housing 2.1, the a plurality of latitude circle in sphere upper edge and a plurality of meridian of hollow hemisphere housing 2.1 are distributed with wave detector hole 2.7, wave detector 2.5 is fixed in the wave detector hole 2.7, self orientation of its axis centre of sphere of each wave detector 2.5, the sense line of all wave detectors links to each other with lead-in wire, hollow hemisphere housing 2.1 and wave detector 2.5 cover in the shell 2.9, opening one side of hollow hemisphere housing 2.1 is connected with back shroud 2.8, is fixed with handle 2.3 on the shell 2.9 respectively, the bubble 2.2 that lead-in wire interface 2.4 and horizontal location are used.
Seismic data Treatment Analysis system is the computing machine of internal memory seismic data Treatment Analysis software, and this computing machine receives the seismic data of seismic event collector 3 by wired or wireless interface and wireless base station.
Wave detector 2.5 preferentially is arranged on the high latitude circle of hollow hemisphere housing 2.1.The distribution of wave detector 2.5 on sphere is to distribute symmetrically.The sense line of wave detector 2.5 is close to the interior cavity edge laying of hollow hemisphere housing 2.1, and the lead-in wire interface 2.4 on the final sum shell links to each other.Wave detector 2.5 is sealingly fastened in the wave detector hole 2.7 by plug 2.6.Shell body 9 is prismatic or curved.
Referring to Fig. 8, a kind of forecasting procedure of using above-mentioned underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system is characterized in that following steps are arranged:
Engineering site situation and mission requirements under step 1, the base area are selected seismic receiver associating arrangement mode at the scene, optional 1～4 seismic receiver, and focal point is selected, and comprises the locus, counts.
Step 2, operational computations machine, in-situ data input: comprise the description of engineering overview, the description of seismic receiver locus, the description of focal point locus, tunnel radius and excavation height.
Step 3, according to the embedding seismic receiver of selection mode, arrange that focal point, hammering method place trigger board, connect synchronizing cable and get final product; Blasting procedure needs shot point boring, the soil body is only selected to pour water in hammer point position, dress emulsion [explosive and generate electricity in wink sub-detonator, the hole, seismic receiver is connected with the seismic event collector by 65 core cables, the sub-detonator that will generate electricity in wink is connected with initiator, initiator is connected with the seismic event collector, at last the seismic event collector is connected with notebook computer.
Step 4, operational computations machine, parameter configuration and data acquisition: comprise various triggering modes, the time window select, gather in real time and single acquisition selection etc.
Step 5, by the operational computations machine, test macro connects situation.After normal, system enters ready state.
Step 6, suspend various mechanical vibration, after personnel withdraw, start initiator or hammering, system triggers, beginning data acquisition, transmission work, repeating step 5～6 during multiple spot.After finishing collection, system can form the earthquake standards data file that file layout is * .segy.The software processes in later stage is all carried out at this collection file.
Step 7, operational computations machine carry out Data Management Analysis at the earthquake standards data file: comprise various corrections, spectrum analysis, bandpass filtering, velocity analysis, wave field separation, diffraction stack, depth shift, the analytical calculation of rock-soil mechanics parameter.
Step 8, operational computations machine carry out graphic presentation at the earthquake standards data file: comprise one dimension figure, X-Y scheme, three-dimensional picture.One dimension graphic presentation comprises that branch shows by latitude, longitude: waveform adds area, variable area, variable density, waveform and adds variable density figure.The X-Y scheme demonstration comprises isoline, image pattern, echo, perspective view, three-dimensional line chart, three-dimensional face figure, can make up demonstration.The three-dimensional picture demonstration comprises three-dimensional image pattern, contour surface figure, polar plot, can make up demonstration.
Step 9, operational computations machine carry out data interpretation, interpretation, analysis to earthquake normal data file.Data analysis is handled and has been comprised multiple bearing calibration, data processing and professional computing module, specifically gives the correct time in advance to select according to concrete needs.The entire process process can be carried out figure, the image demonstration work from the one dimension to the three-dimensional.Operating personnel can carry out meticulous decipher by technology such as processing, attributes extraction to forecast data as the case may be.The final geological condition of judging that Underground Engineering Excavation is square in front reaches the concrete guide to underground engineering construction technology.
According to the Treatment Analysis and the demonstration of step 6～7, judge the Underground Engineering Excavation geological condition of side in front, theoretical foundation is seismic reflection method.With compressional wave (P) data serves as that the master divides country rock, in conjunction with shear wave (S) data geological phenomenon is made an explanation, and in the explanation, follows following criterion:
1., the normal reflection interface shows and enters hard formation, negative reflecting interface shows and enters soft formation.
2., if the S wave reflection strong than the P ripple, show that then the rock stratum is full of water.
3., Vp/Vs (being compressional wave speed/shear wave speed) increases or Poisson ratio increases suddenly, usually the existence owing to fluid causes.
4., if Vp decline shows that then crack or factor of porosity increase.Otherwise Vp increases, and shows that rock mass strength increases.
The geological condition of judging construction surface the place ahead according to this changes and has or not existence and its locus, scope, character and the mutual relationship etc. of unfavorable geology disaster body.Forecast that content has usually:
1), the Strength Changes situation of the country rock of fault belt, rich regimen condition and distributed fault both sides.
2), karst, goaf and karst collapse col umn etc., comprising: fill-type, empty type and half slump type.
3), lithologic interface unconformability contact zones.
4), soft rock.
5), underground water etc.
Claims (10)
1. a underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system comprises the seismic receiver (2), seismic event collector (3) and the seismic data Treatment Analysis system (4) that are distributed in the underground works tunnel (1), it is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned seismic event collector (3) system board and 16 collection daughter board plug-in cards are formed by connecting, and gather daughter board and are communicated with power taking by gang socket with system board;
The total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer, power supply, power light, serial ports, USB interface and wave point are arranged on the system board, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with deck with 16 by control/data bus, the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is connected with a USB controller signals, the USB controller be connected computer by serial and be connected with USB interface;
Gather daughter board for every a socket that is connected with system board is arranged, also has a field programmable gate array circuit FPGA, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA is connected with a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDRAM signal by parallel bus, field programmable gate array circuit FPGA has a signal input, by this signal input through spi bus with 16 independently the A/D converter signal be connected, gather for 16 and form 256 simulating signal input channels on the daughter board, each A/D converter all has an interface that is connected with sensor;
Above-mentioned seismic receiver (2) is many component space receiver, it comprises the prop carrier of wave detector (2.5) and wave detector, the prop carrier of wave detector is a hollow hemisphere housing (2.1), the a plurality of latitude circle in sphere upper edge and a plurality of meridian of hollow hemisphere housing (2.1) are distributed with wave detector hole (2.7), wave detector (2.5) is fixed in the wave detector hole (2.7), self orientation of its axis centre of sphere of each wave detector (2.5), the sense line of all wave detectors links to each other with lead-in wire, hollow hemisphere housing (2.1) and wave detector (2.5) cover in the shell (2.9), opening one side of hollow hemisphere housing (2.1) is connected with back shroud (2.8), is fixed with handle (2.3) on the shell (2.9) respectively, the bubble (2.2) that lead-in wire interface (2.4) and horizontal location are used;
The computing machine of above-mentioned seismic data Treatment Analysis system (4) internal memory seismic data Treatment Analysis software, this computing machine receive the seismic data of seismic event collector (3) by wired or wireless interface and wireless base station.
2. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned wave detector (2.5) preferentially is arranged on the high latitude circle of hollow hemisphere housing (2.1), and the distribution of wave detector (2.5) on sphere is to distribute symmetrically.
3. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: above-mentioned wave detector (2.5) is close to the interior cavity edge of hollow hemisphere housing (2.1) and is laid, and the lead-in wire interface (2.4) on the final sum shell links to each other.
4. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned wave detector (2.5) is sealingly fastened in the wave detector hole (2.7) by plug (2.6).
5. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell body (9) is prismatic or curved.
6. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: the system board of above-mentioned seismic event collector (3) and gather daughter board and adopt four layer printed circuit boards with independent bus plane and ground plane.
7. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: the total control circuit of single-chip microcomputer of above-mentioned seismic event collector (3) is a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) of realizing that signal drives.
8. underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: the wave point that can be connected with Computer signal is arranged on the system board of above-mentioned seismic event collector (3).
9. forecasting procedure of using above-mentioned underground engineering construction advance geologic prediction system is characterized in that following steps are arranged:
Engineering site situation and mission requirements under step 1, the base area are selected 1～4 seismic receiver associating arrangement mode at the scene, select the focal point locus, count;
Step 2, in-situ data input computing machine: comprise the description of engineering overview, the description of receiver locus, the description of focal point locus, tunnel radius and excavation height;
Step 3, according to the embedding seismic receiver of selection mode, arrange that focal point, hammering method place trigger board, connect synchronizing cable and get final product; Blasting procedure needs to pour water in shot point boring, blasting charge and electric detonator, the hole, and seismic receiver is connected with the seismic event collector by cable, and the sub-detonator that will generate electricity in wink is connected with initiator, and initiator is connected with the seismic event collector.At last the seismic event collector is connected with computing machine;
Step 4, operational computations machine, carry out parameter configuration and data acquisition: comprise triggering mode, the time window select, gather in real time and single acquisition is selected;
Step 5, connect situation by computer testing system, normal after, system enters ready state;
Step 6, suspend various mechanical vibration, after personnel withdraw, start initiator or hammering, system triggers, beginning earthquake data acquisition, transmission work, repeating step 5～6 during multiple spot, after finishing earthquake data acquisition, system can form the earthquake standards data file that file layout is * .segy;
Step 7, operational computations machine carry out Data Management Analysis to earthquake normal data file: comprise various corrections, spectrum analysis, bandpass filtering, velocity analysis, wave field separation, diffraction stack, depth shift, the analysis of rock-soil mechanics parameter;
Step 8, operational computations machine carry out graphic presentation to earthquake normal data file: comprise one dimension figure, X-Y scheme, three-dimensional picture;
Step 9, according to the Treatment Analysis and the demonstration of step 6～7, carry out explanation, interpretation, the analysis of seismic data, geological condition is forecast.
10. forecasting procedure according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in step 9, adopt the seismic reflection law theory, based on compressional wave, be P ripple data, country rock is divided, be S ripple data in conjunction with shear wave, geological condition is forecast forecast will be followed following criterion:
1., the normal reflection interface shows and enters hard formation, negative reflecting interface shows and enters soft formation;
2., if transverse wave reflection strong than compressional wave, show that then the rock stratum is full of water;
3., velocity of longitudinal wave Vp/ shear wave velocity Vs increases or Poisson ratio increases suddenly, usually the existence owing to fluid causes;
4., if Vp descends, show that then crack or factor of porosity increase, otherwise Vp increases, show that rock mass strength increases;
The geological condition of judging construction surface the place ahead according to this changes and has or not existence and its locus, scope, character and the mutual relationship of unfavorable geology disaster body.
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