CN111025383B - Method for qualitatively judging water filling condition of tunnel front karst cave based on diffracted transverse waves - Google Patents

Method for qualitatively judging water filling condition of tunnel front karst cave based on diffracted transverse waves Download PDF

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CN111025383B
CN111025383B CN201911148545.6A CN201911148545A CN111025383B CN 111025383 B CN111025383 B CN 111025383B CN 201911148545 A CN201911148545 A CN 201911148545A CN 111025383 B CN111025383 B CN 111025383B
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tunnel
wave
karst cave
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transverse
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CN111025383A (en
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黄兰英
王圣程
孙华超
宋雪娟
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Xuzhou University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/20Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis
    • G01V1/306Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60Analysis
    • G01V2210/62Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/624Reservoir parameters

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of a karst cave in front of a tunnel based on diffracted transverse waves, wherein an excitation point is distributed on the tunnel face of a subway tunnel and used for exciting seismic transverse waves; a plurality of three-component detectors are arranged on one side wall of the tunnel behind the excitation point; exciting seismic transverse waves at the excitation point in front of the palm surface, and then receiving the fed back seismic data by each three-component detector in real time and transmitting the data to a seismic recorder; interference wave elimination processing is carried out on the seismic data received by the seismic recorder, so that diffracted transverse wave data and direct transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave are obtained; carrying out offset imaging on the obtained diffracted transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave so as to obtain the position information of the karst cave; and qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the karst cave by analyzing the ratio of the energy of the diffracted transverse wave to the energy of the direct transverse wave. The method can not only determine the position of the front karst cave of the tunnel, but also qualitatively judge the water filling condition of the front karst cave, and provide data support for the subsequent safe tunneling of the tunnel.

Description

Method for qualitatively judging water filling condition of tunnel front karst cave based on diffracted transverse waves
Technical Field
The invention relates to a subway tunnel front karst cave detection method, in particular to a method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of a tunnel front karst cave based on diffracted transverse waves.
Background
The hard rock subway tunnel driving is usually constructed by a mine method, and a karst cave is a key channel for serious geological disasters such as water burst, water inrush and mud burst, and falling during the tunnel construction. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of subway construction and construction, it is necessary to develop corresponding advanced forecasting in the subway construction and excavation process. The current existing research results and field practice experience show that a reliable, effective and easy-to-operate method and means are lacked in the aspect of detecting the water filling condition of the karst cave, for example, the detection precision of ground earthquake and electric method is limited due to the influence of urban complex traffic road; the geological radar detection resolution is influenced by the interference of an urban electromagnetic field and a diving place; the requirement of fast and efficient exploration cannot be met only by means of drilling, the water filling condition of the front karst cave cannot be accurately detected, and therefore innovation and breakthrough must be conducted on the bottleneck of the prior art.
The seismic exploration technology is the focus and hot spot of research in the field of geophysical science, and new technology and new method derived around the principle of the seismic exploration method emerge in the future. In recent years, the proposal and development of diffracted transverse wave imaging provide new content and methods for seismic offset imaging. The existing data show that the diffracted transverse wave imaging can detect and identify important underground structural information, such as broken zones, faults, pinch-off points, small-scale invaders and other discontinuous geologic bodies, but the diffracted transverse wave imaging cannot be directly used in the tunnel, and the reason is that the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave cannot be extracted from received seismic data due to the influence of interference waves, so that the water filling condition of the front karst cave cannot be accurately detected, and the subsequent safe tunneling work of the tunnel is finally influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the front karst cave of the tunnel based on diffracted transverse waves, which can not only determine the position of the front karst cave of the tunnel, but also qualitatively judge the water filling condition of the front karst cave and provide data support for the subsequent safe tunneling of the tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of a karst cave in front of a tunnel based on diffracted transverse waves comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging an excitation point on the tunnel face of the subway tunnel for exciting seismic transverse waves; a plurality of three-component detectors are arranged on one side wall of the tunnel behind the excitation point;
step two: exciting seismic transverse waves at the excitation point in front of the palm surface, and then receiving the fed back seismic data by each three-component detector in real time and transmitting the data to a seismic recorder;
step three: interference wave elimination processing is carried out on the seismic data received by the seismic recorder, so that diffracted transverse wave data and direct transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave are obtained;
step four: performing offset imaging on the diffracted transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave obtained in the step three, so as to obtain the position information of the karst cave;
step five: on the basis of the fourth step, the water filling condition of the karst cave is qualitatively judged by analyzing the ratio of the energy of the diffracted transverse wave to the energy of the direct transverse wave, and the judgment principle is as follows: because the shear modulus of water is 0, when the excited seismic transverse wave is transmitted to the karst cave, the wave impedance difference between the complete rock mass outside the karst cave and the water-filled medium in the karst cave is large, so that the diffraction coefficient is high, most of the seismic transverse wave is diffracted, and the energy of the diffracted transverse wave received by the three-component detector is strong, and the energy of the direct transverse wave is weak; if the medium in the karst cave is not filled with water, the wave impedance difference is not large, the corresponding diffraction coefficient is low, and the seismic transverse wave is only partially diffracted, so that the energy of the diffracted transverse wave received by the three-component detector is weaker, and the energy of the direct transverse wave is stronger; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after the diffracted transverse waves and the direct transverse waves are subjected to automatic gain control, if the energy ratio of the diffracted transverse waves to the direct transverse waves exceeds 0.9, determining that the karst cave is filled with water; and if the ratio of the two is not more than 0.9, determining that the cavern is not filled with water.
Further, the interference waves to be cancelled in the third step include:
A. the interference surface wave is from which after the seismic source is excited, each three-component detector can receive the surface wave from the back of the tunnel face and transmit the surface wave to the seismic recorder;
B. the interference reflected wave of tunnel top earth's surface, it divides into two kinds:
firstly, after a seismic source is excited, directly obtaining interference reflected waves from the earth surface at the top of a tunnel;
secondly, after the seismic source is excited, the interference reflected wave at the top of the tunnel and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel receive the top interference reflected wave at the same distance, and the top interference reflected wave and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel are mixed.
Further, the elimination process of the interference surface wave in the third step is as follows: polarizing and filtering the seismic data according to the difference characteristic that the polarizability of diffracted transverse waves is more than 0.8 and the polarizability of interference surface waves is less than 0.2, screening the interference surface waves from the seismic data, and suppressing and eliminating the interference surface waves;
the elimination process of the interference reflected wave directly coming from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel comprises the following steps: the method can obtain the characteristics of interference reflected waves directly coming from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel by adopting a three-dimensional staggered grid finite difference numerical simulation method, and the interference reflected waves are screened out from the seismic data according to the characteristics and are suppressed and eliminated; because the time-frequency domain main polarization direction of the interference reflected wave is 90 degrees, and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face is 0 degree, the interference reflected wave can be eliminated from the seismic data by utilizing the orthogonal difference to set a cosine filter function;
the elimination process of the top interference reflected wave when the tunnel top interference reflected wave and the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face have the same receiving distance is as follows: determining the difference of the main polarization directions of the reflected diffracted transverse wave and the top interference reflected wave from two dimensions of time and frequency by using a time-frequency domain polarization analysis method; the difference features are then used to screen out the interfering reflections from the seismic data and suppress them for cancellation.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the technical advantages of convenience, rapidness, economy, effectiveness and the like are fully utilized, and the seismic diffraction transverse wave method is introduced into the urban underground space tunnel for detection; aiming at the defects of the existing detection method and means, the karst cave in the three-dimensional space under the subway tunnel is taken as a main research object, and the excitation of the seismic source and the receiving work of the seismic transverse wave are completed by fully utilizing the working conditions during the construction of the mining method from the perspective of qualitative and quantitative determination; various interference waves possibly existing in the seismic data are analyzed, and a suppression and elimination method of each interference wave is determined; obtaining diffracted transverse waves and direct transverse waves reflected by the karst cave, and finally qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the karst cave by analyzing the energy ratio of the diffracted transverse waves to the direct transverse waves, wherein if the energy ratio exceeds 0.9, the karst cave is filled with water; if the energy ratio is not more than 0.9, the cavern is not filled with water. The method can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for safe and efficient construction and operation of the urban subway tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the viewing system arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interference reflected wave from the top of a subway tunnel obtained in embodiment 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the reflected top interference wave obtained in example 1 when the reflected top interference wave has the same receiving distance as the effective diffracted shear wave in the cavern in front of the tunnel.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the imaging of effective diffracted transverse wave offset of karst cave obtained in example 1.
The imaging method comprises the following steps of 1, the earth surface, 2, the tunnel face, 3, the subway tunnel, 4, an excitation point, 5, a three-component detector, 6, a karst cave a, 7, a direct transverse wave, 8, an interference surface wave, 9, an interference reflected wave, 10, a diffraction transverse wave of the karst cave a, 11 and a deviation imaging position of the karst cave a.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
Example 1:
as shown in the figure, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an excitation point 4 is distributed on the tunnel face 2 of the subway tunnel 3 and used for exciting seismic transverse waves; eight three-component detectors 5 are arranged on one side wall of the tunnel behind the excitation point 4;
step two: exciting seismic transverse waves to the front of the tunnel face 2 at the excitation point 4, and then receiving the fed back seismic data in real time by each three-component detector 5 and transmitting the data to a seismic recorder;
step three: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out interference wave elimination processing on seismic data received by a seismic recorder, wherein the interference wave to be eliminated comprises the following steps:
A. the interference surface wave 8 is from which after the seismic source is excited, each three-component detector 5 can receive the surface wave from the back of the tunnel face 2 and transmit the surface wave to the seismic recorder;
B. the interference reflected wave 9 of the earth surface at the top of the tunnel is divided into two types:
firstly, after a seismic source is excited, an interference reflected wave 9 directly comes from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel, as shown in FIG. 3;
secondly, after the seismic source is excited, the top interference reflected wave 9 when the receiving distance of the interference reflected wave at the top of the tunnel is the same as that of the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face is mixed with the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face, and the mixed wave is shown in figure 4;
the elimination process of the interference surface wave 8 is as follows: polarizing and filtering the seismic data according to the difference characteristic that the polarizability of diffracted transverse waves is more than 0.8 and the polarizability of interference surface waves 8 is less than 0.2, and screening out and suppressing the interference surface waves 8 from the seismic data;
the elimination process of the interference reflected wave 9 directly coming from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel is as follows: the method can obtain the characteristics of the interference reflected wave 9 directly from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel by adopting a three-dimensional staggered grid finite difference numerical simulation method, and screen out the interference reflected wave 9 from the seismic data according to the characteristics and suppress and eliminate the interference reflected wave 9; because the time-frequency domain main polarization direction of the interference reflected wave 9 is 90 degrees, and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face is 0 degree, the interference reflected wave 9 can be eliminated from the seismic data by setting a cosine filter function by utilizing the orthogonal difference;
the elimination process of the top interference reflected wave when the tunnel top interference reflected wave and the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face have the same receiving distance is as follows: determining the difference of the main polarization directions of the reflected diffracted transverse wave and the top interference reflected wave from two dimensions of time and frequency by using a time-frequency domain polarization analysis method; then, screening the interference reflected wave from the seismic data by using the difference characteristic and suppressing and eliminating the interference reflected wave;
after the interference wave elimination is finished, acquiring diffraction transverse wave 10 data and direct transverse wave 7 data reflected by the karst cave a;
step four: performing offset imaging on the diffracted transverse wave data obtained in the step three to obtain an offset imaging position 11 of the karst cave a, as shown in fig. 5;
step five: on the basis of the fourth step, the water filling condition of the karst cave a is qualitatively judged by analyzing the ratio of the energy of the diffracted transverse wave 10 of the karst cave a to the energy of the direct transverse wave 7, and the judgment principle is as follows: because the shear modulus of water is 0, when the excited seismic transverse wave is transmitted to the karst cave, the wave impedance difference between the complete rock mass outside the karst cave and the water-filled medium in the karst cave is large, so that the diffraction coefficient is high, most of the seismic transverse wave is diffracted, and the energy of the diffracted transverse wave received by the three-component detector is strong, and the energy of the direct transverse wave is weak; if the medium in the karst cave is not filled with water, the wave impedance difference is not large, the corresponding diffraction coefficient is low, and the seismic transverse wave is only partially diffracted, so that the energy of the diffracted transverse wave received by the three-component detector is weaker, and the energy of the direct transverse wave is stronger; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after automatic gain control is carried out on the diffracted transverse wave 10 and the direct transverse wave 7 of the karst cave a, if the energy ratio of the diffracted transverse wave to the direct transverse wave exceeds 0.9, water filling of the karst cave is determined; and if the ratio of the two is not more than 0.9, determining that the cavern is not filled with water.
The processing methods of offset imaging, automatic gain control and polarization filtering are all known in the art.

Claims (3)

1. A method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of a karst cave in front of a tunnel based on diffracted transverse waves is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging an excitation point on the tunnel face of the subway tunnel for exciting seismic transverse waves; a plurality of three-component detectors are arranged on one side wall of the tunnel behind the excitation point;
step two: exciting seismic transverse waves at the excitation point in front of the palm surface, and then receiving the fed back seismic data by each three-component detector in real time and transmitting the data to a seismic recorder;
step three: interference wave elimination processing is carried out on the seismic data received by the seismic recorder, so that diffracted transverse wave data and direct transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave are obtained;
step four: performing offset imaging on the diffracted transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave obtained in the step three, so as to obtain the position information of the karst cave;
step five: on the basis of the fourth step, the water filling condition of the karst cave is qualitatively judged by analyzing the energy ratio of the diffracted transverse wave to the direct transverse wave, and the specific steps are as follows: after the diffracted transverse waves and the direct transverse waves are subjected to automatic gain control, if the energy ratio of the diffracted transverse waves to the direct transverse waves exceeds 0.9, determining that the karst cave is filled with water; and if the ratio of the two is not more than 0.9, determining that the cavern is not filled with water.
2. The method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the karst cave in front of the tunnel based on the diffracted transverse waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interference waves to be eliminated in the third step comprise:
A. the interference surface wave is from which after the seismic source is excited, each three-component detector can receive the surface wave from the back of the tunnel face and transmit the surface wave to the seismic recorder;
B. the interference reflected wave of tunnel top earth's surface, it divides into two kinds:
firstly, after a seismic source is excited, directly obtaining interference reflected waves from the earth surface at the top of a tunnel;
secondly, after the seismic source is excited, the interference reflected wave at the top of the tunnel and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel receive the top interference reflected wave at the same distance, and the top interference reflected wave and the diffraction transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel are mixed.
3. The method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the karst cave in front of the tunnel based on the diffracted transverse waves as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elimination process of the interference surface waves in the third step is as follows: polarizing and filtering the seismic data according to the difference characteristic that the polarizability of diffracted transverse waves is more than 0.8 and the polarizability of interference surface waves is less than 0.2, screening the interference surface waves from the seismic data, and suppressing and eliminating the interference surface waves;
the elimination process of the interference reflected wave directly coming from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel comprises the following steps: the method can obtain the characteristics of interference reflected waves directly coming from the earth surface at the top of the tunnel by adopting a three-dimensional staggered grid finite difference numerical simulation method, and the interference reflected waves are screened out from the seismic data according to the characteristics and are suppressed and eliminated;
the elimination process of the top interference reflected wave when the tunnel top interference reflected wave and the diffracted transverse wave reflected by the karst cave in front of the tunnel face have the same receiving distance is as follows: determining the difference of the main polarization directions of the reflected diffracted transverse wave and the top interference reflected wave from two dimensions of time and frequency by using a time-frequency domain polarization analysis method; the difference features are then used to screen out the interfering reflections from the seismic data and suppress them for cancellation.
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