CN104730571A - Method and device for identifying small-scale geologic body through diffraction refocusing - Google Patents
Method and device for identifying small-scale geologic body through diffraction refocusing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and device for identifying a small-scale geologic body through diffraction refocusing. The method includes the steps that a reflecting interface dip angle field is obtained according to earthquake imaging data; residual earthquake data without reflecting interface information are obtained through a linear filtering operator according to the reflecting interface dip angle field obtained through the earthquake imaging data; migration velocity analysis on over-excursion or under-excursion diffracted waves is carried out again through an isolated non-completely-focused diffracted wave field with the velocity analysis method; diffracted wave refocusing is completed through the excursion algorithm according to the residual earthquake data and the residual diffracted wave excursion speed. The device corresponds to the method. By means of the method and device, the small-scale geologic body with the bead-like karst, fissures, small-scale breakage and the like which are directly related to a carbonate reservoir can be effectively isolated, and the technical effect has the good application value on evaluating an oil and gas resource reservoir in the oil industrial circles.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic exploration field, particularly relate to a kind of method and apparatus utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body.
Background technology
Small scale geologic body, as fracture, solution cavity and crack etc., is main oil gas reservoir and percolating channels, its prediction to exploration of oil and gas field, develop most important.Because such geologic body is less than or equal to single Fresnel-zone on spatial, therefore occur with diffraction response (diffracted wave/scattering wave) in seismic wave field.For seism processing, how from the geological data collected, effectively isolate diffraction and respond and carry out imaging, become the core of small scale geologic body detection technique.
At present, the technology and method of the research diffracted wave imaging delivered both at home and abroad has a variety of, has based on signal decomposition (Harlan conversion, Radon conversion, plane wave destroy filtering); Have based on focus on, as focusing-excision-reversal focusing method (Khaidukov et al., 2004), CRS stack method (Dell andGajewski, 2011; Asgedom et al., 2011), multi-focus method (Berkovitch et al., 2009) etc.; Based on being modified to picture kernel function, there are the outer aperture imaging (Zhang, 2004) of Fresnel, anti-steady phase imaging (Moser and Howard, 2008) etc.
But for diffraction Information Pull, subject matter is weak signal and diffraction migration speed.Therefore, the formation method researched and developed for weak signal is only relied on to be difficult to gather effect in actual applications.Because in industry member seismic data processing, the operation of standardization flow process is all based upon on theoretical reflection basis, and reflection wave is different from diffracted wave/scattering wave propagation law, and therefore, the Migration velocity model set up by this process can not focus on diffraction response very well.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, to solve the difficult problem accurately cannot applying diffracted signal in prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, comprises the following steps:
S1, according to earthquake imaging data obtain reflector dip field; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information;
S2, according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect;
S3, diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilize velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossed skew or owe skew;
S4, according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilize migration algorithm, complete diffracted wave and again focus on.
Preferably, in step sl, the obtaining step of described reflector dip field comprises:
By the Local plane wave differential equation, set up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data;
According to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
Preferably, described residue geological data deducts the acquisition of reflection predicted data by seismic imaging data.
Preferably, in step s3, the method for described migration velocity analysis comprise for time migration speed continuation method and be applicable to the speed continuation method of depth shift.
Preferably, in step s 4 which, described migration algorithm is poststack time or depth migration algorithm.
Invention further provides a kind of device utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, comprising:
Inclination angle acquisition module, for obtaining reflector dip field according to earthquake imaging data; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information;
Separation module, for according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect;
Velocity analysis module, for the diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilizes velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossing skew or deficient skew;
Refocusing module, for according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilizes migration algorithm, completes diffracted wave and again focus on.
Preferably, described inclination angle acquisition module comprises:
Relation sets up module, for by the Local plane wave differential equation, sets up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data;
Field, true earthquake inclination angle acquisition module, for according to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
Preferably, described residue geological data deducts the acquisition of reflection predicted data by seismic imaging data.
Preferably, the method for described migration velocity analysis comprise for time migration speed continuation method and be applicable to the speed continuation method of depth shift.
Preferably, described migration algorithm is poststack time or depth migration algorithm.
Compared to the shortcoming and defect of prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention is by removing reflecting interface to highlight diffraction weak signal in seismic imaging space, and for diffracted wave/scattering wave focusing, carry out speed continuation, thus achieve diffraction and again focus on.The present invention effectively can isolate the small size geologic body of beading karst, crack, small size fracture etc. and carbonate reservoir direct relation, and this technique effect has fine using value to hydrocarbon resources evaluating reservoir in petroleum industrial circle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of the method utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is three dimensional depth migration before stack imaging results figure in the inventive method embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the time migration diffraction rate pattern picked up in the inventive method embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the diffraction sectional view of refocusing in the inventive method embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the device utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of inclination angle acquisition module in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Utilize a method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the following steps:
S1, according to earthquake imaging data obtain reflector dip field; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information.
In step sl, for asking for field, reflection wave inclination angle more accurately, by the Local plane wave differential equation, relational expression between reflection wave inclination angle and geological data is established.By regularization iterative approach mode, calculate reflector dip field.
For more accurately asking for reflector dip, in above-mentioned steps S1, determine that the reflector dip of earthquake imaging data Zhong Ge road geological data can comprise: by the Local plane wave differential equation, set up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data; According to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
S2, according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect.
In step s 2, the reflectance data doped described in deducting from seismic imaging data, obtains remaining geological data, wherein, contains the diffracted wave/scattering wave of skew or deficient skew in described residue geological data.
S3, diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilize velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossed skew or owe skew.
In step s3, the velocity analysis of described residue diffracted wave, step comprises: described residue geological data time and space is transformed to time square space; To the geological data after conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied in horizontal space and time square space; To the geological data after described Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), apply a series of all-pass phase shift filter comprising friction speed item; To above-mentioned filtered geological data, carry out an inverse fast fourier, again obtain the geological data of time square space and horizontal space; Inverse transformation is carried out to geological data time square space described above, draws the seismic migration result after speed continuation; On friction speed migration result data volume, pick up out the migration velocity of diffraction optimum focusing.
S4, according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilize migration algorithm, complete diffracted wave and again focus on.
In step s 4 which, described migration algorithm is poststack time or depth migration algorithm.
In above-described embodiment, by the 3D seismic data instance analysis of collection in worksite, illustrate a kind of utilize the method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body the small scale such as solution cavity, minor fault geologic body detect in effect.External carbonate rock hydrocarbon reservoir generally with organic reef of relative homogeneous etc. for Effective Reservoirs, construct comparatively complete, shorter mention small scale geologic body forecasting problem.And domestic carbonate rock hydrocarbon reservoir, exist of the remote past, experience the geology transformation of many phases, opposed breaker, can dope the Fracture-cavity group relevant with the paleocrust of weathering, significant to the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of searching scale.This case study difficult point, knows and depicts the small scale geologic bodies such as the fracture relevant with the Ordovician system, solution cavity.
Fig. 2 provides, three dimensional depth migration before stack imaging results, and in figure, 3.28 seconds positions are weathering crust interface, within 3.5 seconds, is " beading " solution cavity development position.This imaging results embodies weathering crust interface amplitude variations situation and section top fracture morphology to a certain extent; Simultaneously also can find out solution cavity shadow, but concordant karst to portray degree inadequate.
To three-dimensional imaging geological data, after carrying out the filtering of plane wave destruction, to the diffracted wave/scattering wave being included in non-focusing effect in residue geological data, after implementing speed continuation, the time migration diffraction rate pattern of pickup, as shown in Figure 3.
Utilize diffraction migration rate pattern, time migration is carried out to the diffracted wave/scattering wave of non-focusing effect in residue geological data, draws the diffraction section of refocusing, as shown in Figure 4.After removing smooth background feature, minor fault feature performance in section top is obvious, and more clear on weathering crust degree of crushing describes.What is more important, the method has well degree of displaying to the karst cave that concordant is grown.Diffraction refocusing method protects the small scale geological information directly related with carbonate reservoir such as beading karst, crack, fracture.
Invention further provides a kind of device utilizing diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, as shown in Figure 5, comprising:
Inclination angle acquisition module 1, for obtaining reflector dip field according to earthquake imaging data; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information;
Separation module 2, for according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect;
Velocity analysis module 3, for the diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilizes velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossing skew or deficient skew;
Refocusing module 4, for according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilizes migration algorithm, completes diffracted wave and again focus on.
More specifically, described inclination angle acquisition module 1, as shown in Figure 6, comprising:
Relation sets up module 11, for by the Local plane wave differential equation, sets up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data;
Field, true earthquake inclination angle acquisition module 12, for according to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
Device described in the embodiment of the present invention is corresponding with method described in above-described embodiment, with above-described embodiment method contents equally for explaining the present embodiment device, does not repeat them here.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. utilize a method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, according to earthquake imaging data obtain reflector dip field; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information;
S2, according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect;
S3, diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilize velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossed skew or owe skew;
S4, according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilize migration algorithm, complete diffracted wave and again focus on.
2. utilize the method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step sl, the obtaining step of described reflector dip field comprises:
By the Local plane wave differential equation, set up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data;
According to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
3. utilize the method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described residue geological data deducts reflection predicted data by seismic imaging data and obtains.
4. utilize the method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step s3, the method for described migration velocity analysis comprise for time migration speed continuation method and be applicable to the speed continuation method of depth shift.
5. utilize the method for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in step s 4 which, described migration algorithm is poststack time or depth migration algorithm.
6. utilize a device for diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Inclination angle acquisition module, for obtaining reflector dip field according to earthquake imaging data; Described seismic imaging data comprise reflective information and diffraction information;
Separation module, for according to described seismic imaging data acquisition reflector dip field, by linear filtering operator, draw the residue geological data removing reflecting interface information, wherein, described residue geological data comprises the diffracted wave field of non-focusing effect;
Velocity analysis module, for the diffracted wave field by isolated non-focusing effect, utilizes velocity analysis method, again carries out migration velocity analysis to the diffracted wave crossing skew or deficient skew;
Refocusing module, for according to described residue geological data and residue diffracted wave migration velocity, utilizes migration algorithm, completes diffracted wave and again focus on.
7. utilize the device of diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described inclination angle acquisition module comprises:
Relation sets up module, for by the Local plane wave differential equation, sets up relational expression between reflector dip and seismic imaging data;
Field, true earthquake inclination angle acquisition module, for according to primary earthquake inclination angle and linear filter, draw the reflectance data doped, by the quadratic sum of minimum reflected predicted data and described geological data residual error, by field, regularization algorithm Step wise approximation true earthquake inclination angle.
8. utilize the device of diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described residue geological data deducts reflection predicted data by seismic imaging data and obtains.
9. utilize the device of diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the method for described migration velocity analysis comprise for time migration speed continuation method and be applicable to the speed continuation method of depth shift.
10. utilize the device of diffraction refocusing identification small scale geologic body as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described migration algorithm is poststack time or depth migration algorithm.
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