CN108375794A - Based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed - Google Patents
Based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed Download PDFInfo
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- CN108375794A CN108375794A CN201810061266.5A CN201810061266A CN108375794A CN 108375794 A CN108375794 A CN 108375794A CN 201810061266 A CN201810061266 A CN 201810061266A CN 108375794 A CN108375794 A CN 108375794A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
Abstract
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, including：It is vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone；Shot point wave field is extrapolated downwards since ground by depth sampling interval；Receiving point wave field is extrapolated downwards since most shallow receiving point depth by depth sampling interval, some receiving point depth is often reached, and extrapolation wave field just is added in the receiving point wave field；To each depth-sampling point, receiving point extrapolation wave field and shot point extrapolation wave field carry out dependent imaging according to image-forming condition；After all depth-sampling points complete migration imaging, two separated imaging regions are set to well location and are handled respectively, the imaging region without shot point is imaged as VSP diffracted waves, and the imaging region containing shot point is as VSP reflection wave imagings.The technical method has operation efficient stable, handles flexible and convenient feature, has higher recognition capability to fractured-vuggy reservoir imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil field development technical fields, especially relate to a kind of based on the VSP fracture hole diffractions symmetrically observed
Imaging technique method.
Background technology
Fracture hole is prevalent in each rocks of the earth's crust, is the advantageous space of underground oil and gas migration and aggregation.Same rock stratum
It is smaller compared to the scale of fracture hole, regard diffractor as in seismic prospecting.Meeting when seismic wave field passes through the diffractor of these small scales
Excite diffracted wave field, and these diffracted wave fields can regard secondary source as next subwave is difficult to the photograph of the subsurface structure illuminated over the ground
It is bright.In this way so that the diffracted wave imaging of weak energy has higher research and practical value.It can be found using diffracted wave imaging
With the fracture hole of identification subsurface geological structure, they play an important role the exploration process of petroleum resources.
To the imaging of diffraction objective body, there are following unfavorable factors for tradition imaging：Diffracted wave field is considered as interference noise and is filtered
It removes；Conventional migration technique algorithm ignores diffraction effect；Diffracted wave energy ratio reflected energy is weak, is easy to be covered by back wave.
With the fining of seismic prospecting, the Diffraction Imaging technology of fractured-vuggy reservoir becomes the hot spot of research, various at present
Diffraction wave imaging method proposes in succession, is all to be imaged expansion research to surface seismic data, and the diffracted wave for being observed in well
Offset imaging method research is in blank.VSP technologies can avoid the influence of complicated low velocity layer, ray propagation path phase
To shorter, high frequency attenuation is few.So having higher resolution ratio and signal-to-noise ratio, the requirement of high-resolution seismic survey can be met,
Reference frame is provided for fine structural interpretation by well.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to utilize the offset imaging method based on fracture hole diffracted wave, obtain well by solution cavity it is accurate at
Picture.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures：Based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging skills symmetrically observed
Art method, this include based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed：Step 1, vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from
Multi-component and multilevel geophone；Step 2, shot point wave field is extrapolated downwards since ground by depth sampling interval；Step 3, receiving point wave field
It since most shallow receiving point depth, extrapolates downwards by depth sampling interval, some receiving point depth is often reached, just the receiving point
Extrapolation wave field is added in wave field；Step 4, to each depth-sampling point, receiving point extrapolate wave field and shot point extrapolation wave field according at
Slice part carries out dependent imaging；Step 5, after all depth-sampling points complete migration imaging, two separated imagings are set to well location
Region is handled respectively, and the imaging region without shot point is imaged as VSP diffracted waves, and the imaging region containing shot point is as VSP
Reflection wave imaging.
The purpose of the present invention can be also achieved by the following technical measures：
This further includes before step 1, building seven layers and putting down based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed
Layer model, solution cavity is in the lower section of layer 7, and well is on the left of solution cavity.
In step 1, vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone, shot point is placed in the symmetrical both sides of the well on ground,
Wave detector receives the seismic wave from imaging area direction, has not only received the back wave on stratum, but also receive the diffracted wave of solution cavity, solution cavity is straight
50 meters of diameter.
In step 1, numerical simulation is carried out using fracture hole rate pattern, obtains the symmetrical shot point VSP wave fields note of two wells
Record carries out wave field extrapolation imaging.
In step 4, it is the pre-stack depth migration imaging based on fracture hole diffracted wave to depth Z migration imagings；Wave equation
The most crucial work of pre-stack depth migration is the depth continuation of seismic wave field, and depth continuation is necessarily dependent upon continuation operator,
Continuation operator is substantially to solve one group of formula of one-way wave equation, judges the fine or not standard of a continuation operator
For：Adapt to violent lateral velocity variation；Very steep inclination angle can be imaged.
In steps of 5, continuation operator uses adaptive interpolation migration：
Wherein, U (ω, x, z) is acoustic wavefield；X is space coordinate；It is sampled for horizontal space；Z is depth coordinate；It is sampled for deep space；ω is fluctuation angular frequency；V is medium acoustic speed, and space arbitrarily changes；C is being averaged for extrapolation layer
Speed；D is compensation term.
This further includes after step 5, carrying out condition shape based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed
Condition test, including shot hole away from, hole well spacing, geophone group distribution and wave field noise, analyze VSP fracture hole imaging techniques adaptation
Property.
In the step of carrying out condition test, solution cavity size test, a diameter of 50 meters of solution cavity, hole well spacing are carried out
Respectively 80 meters and 20 meters, shot hole is away from being 1500 meters.
In the step of carrying out condition test, when carrying out wave detector arrangement test, wave detector sinking depth distinguishes position
In the shallow-layer of well, middle level and deep layer, hole well spacing is 20 meters.
In the present invention based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, be related in In Oil Field Exploration And Development well
Technical field of physical geography, be complicated structure and complicated reservoirs high-precision imaging key technology, realize complicated reservoirs it is fine at
Picture provides authentic data for In Oil Field Exploration And Development accurate reservoir description.This method combines the VSP observation systems symmetrically observed, shape
At fracture hole Depth Domain imaging method, VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imagings are realized, in different hole well spacings, shot hole away from, wave detector distribution, molten
In the case of hole size and wave field noise, solution cavity can be effectively imaged.With operation efficient stable, flexible and convenient spy is handled
Point, while development to fracture hole type reservoir prediction and promoting also there is positive effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is solution cavity Diffraction Imaging rate pattern schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
The schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is imaged for solution cavity diffraction migration in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be the present invention a specific embodiment in 80 meters of hole well spacing when solution cavity diffraction migration imaging；
Fig. 4 be the present invention a specific embodiment in 20 meters of hole well spacing when solution cavity diffraction migration imaging
Fig. 5 is, when wave detector sinking depth is located at the shallow-layer of well, solution cavity diffraction is inclined in the specific embodiment of the present invention
Move into picture
Fig. 6 is, when wave detector sinking depth is located at the middle level of well, solution cavity diffraction is inclined in the specific embodiment of the present invention
Move into picture；
Fig. 7 is, when wave detector sinking depth is located at the deep layer of well, solution cavity diffraction is inclined in the specific embodiment of the present invention
Move into picture；
Fig. 8 is the stream of the specific embodiment based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.Additionally, protection scope of the present invention should not only be limited to following tools
Body step or design parameter.The present invention is not limited to model data, can be handled for real data, has extensive adapt to
Property.
Technical solution according to the present invention, as shown in figure 8, should be based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical sides symmetrically observed
Method includes the following steps：
Step 101, seven layers of flat bed model are built, solution cavity is in the lower section of layer 7, as shown in Figure 1, well is on the left of solution cavity.
Step 102, vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone, shot point is placed in the symmetrical both sides of the well on ground.
Receiving point receives the seismic wave from imaging area direction, has not only received the back wave on stratum, but also receive the diffracted wave of solution cavity, solution cavity is straight
50 meters of diameter.Wave field record is to obtain two based on the symmetrical shot point VSP wave fields record of well with fracture hole rate pattern forward modeling.
Step 103, shot point wave field is extrapolated downwards since ground by depth sampling interval；
Step 104, receiving point wave field is extrapolated downwards by depth sampling interval, is often reached since most shallow receiving point depth
Just extrapolation wave field is added in the receiving point wave field by some receiving point depth；
Step 105, to each depth-sampling point, receiving point extrapolate wave field and shot point extrapolation wave field according to image-forming condition into
Row dependent imaging；
Step 106, after all depth complete migration imaging, well location, which is set, is split into two halves imaging region, without shot point
Half imaging region is imaged for VSP diffracted waves, and the half imaging region containing shot point is VSP reflection wave imagings.With reference to attached
Fig. 2 obtains solution cavity diffraction migration imaging results.Wherein, left side is the imaging of right big gun diffracted wave, right side be left big gun diffracted wave at
Picture, the two are merged into a figure.Since in rate pattern, solution cavity is all to be obtained clearly in the imaging of left big gun diffracted wave on the right side of well
Clear imaging, and right big gun diffracted wave can not then be imaged solution cavity.Circle represents solution cavity physical location in figure.
In fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical method provided by the present invention, the most crucial work of wave equation pre stack depth migration
Work is the depth continuation of seismic wave field, and depth continuation is necessarily dependent upon continuation operator.Continuation operator is substantially to ask
Solve one group of formula of one-way wave equation.Judging the quality of continuation operator, only there are one basic standards：Adapt to play
Strong lateral velocity variation；Very steep inclination angle can be imaged；With very high computational accuracy and computational efficiency (with higher meter
Calculate degree of parallelism).An obvious continuation operator is difficult to have both above-mentioned advantage, we can properly select them, to solve
Practically the problems in seismic data processing.Its continuation operator uses adaptive interpolation migration, as follows：
ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION is the starting point of entire imaging theory at present.The form of two-dimentional ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION is
Wherein, U is acoustic wavefield；X, y are space coordinate；For spatial sampling；V is medium acoustic speed.
Two-dimentional ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION comprehensively describes propagation of the wave in arbitrary variable velocity media.Usually, wave equation migration
Imaging is the solution Helmholtz equations in Frequency-Space Domain.Helmholtz method forms are
Wherein, U is acoustic wavefield；X is space coordinate；It is sampled for horizontal space；Z is depth coordinate；For depth sky
Between sample；ω is fluctuation angular frequency；V is medium acoustic speed.
The communication process of wave of the one-way wave in arbitrary VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION can be described.Therefore, wave equation prestack is inclined at present
It moves into as being basic equation with it.When above formula right end takes positive sign, corresponding upgoing wave；Conversely, corresponding down going wave.
Square root operator in above formula is unfolded：
Wherein, x is space coordinate；It is sampled for horizontal space；Z is depth coordinate；It is sampled for deep space；ω is
Fluctuate angular frequency；V is medium acoustic speed；C is the average speed of extrapolation layer；D is compensation term.A and b is respectively difference coefficient.
It is decomposed into three operators：First is phase-shift operator of the frequency wavenumber domain about constant velocity；Second is frequency
The time shift calibration operator of rate-spatial domain, the first order corrections item being equivalent in step Fourier method；Third is Frequency-Space Domain
The difference operator for disturbing wave field is equivalent to 45 ° of difference equations of disturbance wave field.
(1) it mutually transplants
Mutually transposition is solved in frequency wavenumber domain.
(2) it transplants when
It transplants when there is solution in frequency space.
(3) compensation term
Wherein, U (ω, x, z) is acoustic wavefield, and x is space coordinate；It is sampled for horizontal space；Z is depth coordinate；
It is sampled for deep space；ω is fluctuation angular frequency；V is medium acoustic speed；C is the average speed of extrapolation layer；α and β are respectively
Difference coefficient.
Compensation term is solved in frequency space domain using finite difference.
Tandem solves (1) (2) (3) formula, and the extrapolation of upgoing wave can be carried out in arbitrary VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION.
It is tested by various conditions, for example shot hole is away from, hole well spacing, geophone group distribution and wave field noise etc., point
Analyse the adaptability of VSP fracture hole imaging techniques.
Solution cavity size is tested
A diameter of 50 meters of solution cavity, hole well spacing are respectively 80 meters of (a) and 20 meters of (b), and shot hole is away from being 1500 meters.It is molten from Fig. 3-4
The diffraction migration in hole is imaged it is found that solution cavity imaging clearly is visible.
Wave detector arrangement test
Wave detector sinking depth in well has a certain impact to solution cavity imaging.Fig. 4-7 is wave detector sinking depth difference
Solution cavity diffraction migration imaging when positioned at the shallow-layer of well, middle level and deep layer, hole well spacing are 20 meters.From Fig. 4-7 it is found that wave detector is heavy
It is deeper to put depth, imaging effect is better, so the wave detector arrangement exsolution hole the close more is conducive to diffracted wave imaging.
In the present invention based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, be suitable for ground artificial focus and swash
It sends out, the vertical observed pattern for being equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone reception in well.Main technical principle：Shot point wave field is opened from ground
Beginning, spatially the sampling interval extrapolated downwards, and receiving point wave field is extrapolated downwards from most shallow wave detector depth by depth sampling interval,
The receiving point wave field for reaching depth is added in extrapolation process.In each depth-sampling point, by push wave outside shot point and receiving point
Field is imaged by dependent imaging condition.Major technique is innovated：After all depth-sampling points complete migration imaging, set in well location
Two imaging regions being divided into are respectively processed, without shot point imaging region as VSP diffracted waves imaging, containing shot point at
As region is as VSP reflection wave imagings.The technical method has operation efficient stable, flexible and convenient feature is handled, to fracture hole
The imaging of type reservoir has higher recognition capability.
Claims (9)
1. based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that should be based on the VSP seams symmetrically observed
Hole Diffraction Imaging technical method includes：
Step 1, vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone；
Step 2, shot point wave field is extrapolated downwards since ground by depth sampling interval；
Step 3, receiving point wave field extrapolates downwards by depth sampling interval since most shallow receiving point depth, often reaches some and connect
Just extrapolation wave field is added in the receiving point wave field by sink depth；
Step 4, to each depth-sampling point, receiving point extrapolation wave field and shot point extrapolation wave field are related according to image-forming condition progress
Imaging；
Step 5, after all depth-sampling points complete migration imaging, two separated imaging regions is set to well location and are handled respectively, no
Imaging region containing shot point is imaged as VSP diffracted waves, and the imaging region containing shot point is as VSP reflection wave imagings.
2. according to claim 1 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that should
Further include before step 1, building seven layers of flat bed model, solution cavity based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed
In the lower section of layer 7, well is on the left of solution cavity.
3. according to claim 1 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
In step 1, vertical in well to be equidistantly spaced from multi-component and multilevel geophone, shot point is placed in the symmetrical both sides of the well on ground, and wave detector receives
Seismic wave from imaging area direction had not only received the back wave on stratum, but also has received the diffracted wave of solution cavity, 50 meters of solution cavity diameter.
4. according to claim 1 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
In step 1, numerical simulation is carried out using fracture hole rate pattern, the symmetrical shot point VSP wave fields record of two wells is obtained, into traveling-wave field
Extrapolation imaging.
5. according to claim 1 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
It is the pre-stack depth migration imaging based on fracture hole diffracted wave to depth Z migration imagings in step 4；Wave equation prestack depth is inclined
The most crucial work moved is the depth continuation of seismic wave field, and depth continuation is necessarily dependent upon continuation operator, and wave field extrapolation is calculated
Son is substantially to solve one group of formula of one-way wave equation, judges that the fine or not standard of a continuation operator is：Adapt to play
Strong lateral velocity variation；Very steep inclination angle can be imaged.
6. according to claim 5 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
In step 5, continuation operator uses adaptive interpolation migration：
Wherein, U (ω, x, z) is acoustic wavefield；X is space coordinate；It is sampled for horizontal space；Z is depth coordinate；For depth
Spend spatial sampling；ω is fluctuation angular frequency；V is medium acoustic speed, and space arbitrarily changes；C is the average speed of extrapolation layer；d
For compensation term.
7. according to claim 1 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that should
Further include based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, after step 5, progress condition test, including
Shot hole away from, hole well spacing, geophone group distribution and wave field noise, analyze VSP fracture hole imaging techniques adaptability.
8. according to claim 7 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
In the step of carrying out condition test, solution cavity size test is carried out, a diameter of 50 meters of solution cavity, hole well spacing is respectively 80 meters
With 20 meters, shot hole is away from being 1500 meters.
9. according to claim 7 based on the VSP fracture hole Diffraction Imaging technical methods symmetrically observed, which is characterized in that
Carry out condition test the step of in, carry out wave detector arrangement test when, wave detector sinking depth be located at well shallow-layer,
Middle level and deep layer, hole well spacing are 20 meters.
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| CN111077577A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well-ground combined reservoir description method and device |
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