CN105572745A - Seismic prospecting method of three-component slot waves under coalmine well - Google Patents
Seismic prospecting method of three-component slot waves under coalmine well Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic prospecting method of three-component slot waves under a coalmine well. The seismic prospecting method comprises steps of data acquisition, data preprocessing, data wave field separation, data analysis processing and comprehensive geology explanation. Compared with the prior art, via the three-component data acquisition, acquired data comprises seismic full wave field information, thereby facilitating increasing of processing explanation precision and quality of seismic data; by use of the wave field separation technology, R type slot waves and L type slot waves can be effectively separated, and noise can be effectively reduced, thereby improving data processing imaging quality; and by separately processing the R type slot waves and the L type slot waves after separation, and carrying out unite explanation on the processing results, uniqueness and precision of geology explanation can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mine safety technical fields such as coal mine roadway working face extraction, for the spatial developmental state of the minor fault in accurately detecting coal face, karst collapse col umn, goaf, Coal Seam Thickness Change and dirt band etc., be specifically related to a kind of underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method.
Background technology
The little structure such as coal seam small faults, karst collapse col umn are difficult to be found in coal surveys exploration, but the little structure serious threat coal mine production safety existed in these coal geologies, especially in actual extraction phase, due to various potential structure cannot be verified in coal geology, the industrial accident such as may occur landslide, roof fall in mining process, metal run out, the life security of serious harm direct labor, also can cause the digging of this mining area cannot realize maximizing simultaneously, cause the waste of various resource.In existing geophysical prospecting technology, down-hole seam seismic exploration has good effect for addressing these problems, and first, because slot wave is the one distinguishingly seismic wave be formed in coal seam, the Dispersion Characteristics of slot wave directly reflects the design feature in coal seam; Secondly, groove wave propagation is confined to, in coal groove, carry the geological structure information in a large amount of coal seam; Moreover, actual underground coal mine seismic acquisition to seismic signal in, slot wave has stronger energy and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high.Directly can reflect inner structure and the tectonic structure in coal seam, directly can instruct the safe working of mining face under mine.
At present, adopt single horizontal-component geophone to be fixed on anchor pole at home and gather seismic signal, its convenient, fast construction, the recording geometry requirement of high density, large area coverage can be met, because it adopts single horizontal-component geophone to carry out slot wave data under production wells, different wave detector direction is caused to there is different angle from the maximum vibration polarised direction of slot wave, therefore, explaining data processing and cause certain interference, there is error in the result that final detection data are calculated.
Summary of the invention
According to above-mentioned elaboration, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method, avoid the defect of single in prior art or that two component wave detectors are existing in the tectonic structure detecting coal seam precision and quality, improve architectonic accuracies such as coal seam minor fault, karst collapse col umn, the thick change of coal or dirt band distributions.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method, comprises the following steps:
A, data acquisition: first set up down-hole slot wave detection recording geometry, Reasonable Arrangement shot point, geophone station position, blow out and image data;
B, data prediction: carry out Data Format Transform to image data, separate and compile, definition recording geometry, road editor;
C, data wave field separation: three-component slot wave data separating is auspicious thunder type by the polarized filtering method adopting time domain or frequency field, i.e. R type slot wave data and Loew type, i.e. L-type slot wave data;
D, Data Analysis Services: respectively dispersion analysis is carried out to R type slot wave data and L-type slot wave data, energy spectrometer, feature extraction, imaging and filtering, CMP or CCP road collection extract, velocity analysis, normal moveout correction, to superpose and the work such as skew;
E, integrative seismic technology: according to the process achievement of R type slot wave and L-type slot wave in step D, in conjunction with existing geologic information, carry out comprehensive geologic interpretation.
In technique scheme, in described steps A, in down-hole coal bed center, gasbag-type three-component seismometer is used along the direction parallel with coal seam, receive the raw readings of x, y, z three components, one-component is parallel to coal seam aspect, is denoted as y component perpendicular to rib; Another component parallel, in coal bed, is parallel to rib simultaneously, is denoted as x component; Vertical coal seam interface, is denoted as z component.
The present invention compared with prior art, uses three component seismic data collection, and the packet of collection, containing seismic full-field field information, is conducive to the process Explanation Accuracy and the quality that improve geological data; Adopt wave field separation technology, effectively can be separated auspicious thunder type (R type) slot wave and Loew type (L-type) slot wave, also effectively can suppress noise, thus improve data processing image quality; R type slot wave after separation and L-type slot wave are processed, respectively then by carrying out joint interpretation to result, to improve uniqueness and the accuracy of geologic interpretation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is arranged in three-component seismometer construction and installation;
Fig. 2 is transmission slot wave method recording geometry schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is reflection groove wave method recording geometry schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is 3D slot wave numerical simulation speed three-component coefficient section, and wherein 4a is speed X component, and 4B is speed Y-component, and 4C is speed Z component.
Wherein: 1 is three-component seismometer; 2 is boring; 3 is country rocks; 4 is coal seams; 5 is geophone stations; 6 is shot points.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
According to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the present invention publicizes and implements a kind of routine underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method, comprises the following steps:
A, data acquisition: first set up down-hole slot wave detection recording geometry, Reasonable Arrangement shot point, geophone station position; According to survey data and digging planimetric map, set up down-hole slot wave detection recording geometry, transmission slot wave method recording geometry can be built, selective transmission method, also can build reflection groove wave method recording geometry, select reflectometry, also selective transmission reflection combination method can carry out the job design of slot wave, select the suitable information such as track pitch, shot interval, Reasonable Arrangement shot point, geophone station position, draw construction plan, to ensure to collect data are true and reliable.Coal seam is generally between country rock, when receiving slot wave, in center, lateral wall coal seam, tunnel, along the direction parallel with coal seam, that holes drills through the hole that the degree of depth is 2m, use gasbag-type three-component seismometer, be placed in the hole of geophone station by gasbag-type three-component seismometer during construction, track pitch generally adopts 5 ~ 10m; Gather the original recorded data receiving x, y, z three components, charge to different passages respectively and carry out record, one of them component parallel, in coal seam aspect, is denoted as y component perpendicular to rib; Another component parallel, in coal bed, is parallel to rib simultaneously, is denoted as x component, and vertical coal seam interface is denoted as z component, finally, forms the single shot record of z component, the single shot record of y component and the single shot record of x component, three sets of data.
B, data prediction: carry out Data Format Transform to image data, separate and compile, definition recording geometry, road editor;
C, data wave field separation: three-component slot wave data separating is auspicious thunder type by the polarized filtering method adopting time domain or frequency field, i.e. R type slot wave data and Loew type, i.e. L-type slot wave data, wave field separation can adopt the polarized filtering method of time domain or frequency field.The present invention adopts the polarized filtering method based on covariance matrix, and the detail of covariance matrix polarized filtering method is as follows:
Become operator when covariance matrix method wave filter used is one, certain time interval of three-component coefficient is calculated to the quadratic form of covariance matrix, a consequently ellipsoid equation.Its half axial ratio reflects the consistent energy orientation of linear degree and polarization direction.Sampled point on particle motion trace can see the set of a collection of space random point as, so just covariance matrix can be used, obtain polarised direction by the method for statistics in these spatial point, and by the quality of Parametric Representation polarization, parameter can be used in filtering.With regard to three-component channel wave seismic record, when choosing a time period and one, window is as the scope of research, namely choose N number of sampling point in three-component record time window (T1, T2), three-component value Xi, Yi, Zi mean value when (T1, T2) in window of each point are respectively:
Wherein, (N
2-N
1) Δ t=T
2-T
1, Δ t is sampling rate; N=N2-N1+1.
Use the method for statistics afterwards, for time window in the data of all sampled points, try to achieve each component time window in average, and then construct a covariance matrix.Covariance matrix just can be written as:
In formula, ∑ is
a=(x
i-m
x); B=(y
i-m
y); C=(z
i-m
z).
Then pair subsequently by solution matrix, draw its eigenwert and proper vector, calculate polarization direction, construct modulating function, time, the data of each sampled point in window, are multiplied by modulating function respectively and can complete analysis;
D, Data Analysis Services: respectively respectively analyzing and processing is carried out to R type slot wave data and L-type slot wave data.Be specially: topographic imaging by velocity---information and CT imaging when AGC or inverse Q filtering, dispersion analysis, the walking of a certain dominant frequency of pickup; Amplitude tomography---dispersion analysis, Gauss's bandpass filtering, envelope calculate, Ai Li phase amplitude picks up and CT imaging; Reflection wave superposition migration imaging---first arrival excision, AGC or inverse Q filtering, filtering (compacting noise), dispersion analysis, Gauss's bandpass filtering, envelope calculating, the collection extraction of CMP or CCP road, velocity analysis, normal moveout correction, superposition and skew;
E, integrative seismic technology: the rate pattern obtained according to inverting in step C and attenuation coefficient illustraton of model, in conjunction with existing geologic information, carry out comprehensive geologic interpretation.
According to Fig. 1, Fig. 4, embodiment model is three shape homogeneous models layer by layer of the thick 5m in coal seam, country rock symmetry; Adopt the Ricker wavelet of 200Hz as source time function; Source location is center, coal seam, and vertical arrangement of measuring-line is in center, coal seam and cross focal point.
Known by the three-component channel wave seismic record in analysis chart 4, speed y component recording L-type slot wave information, the speed z component recording information of R type slot wave, and speed x component contains the information of R and L-type slot wave.In actual channel wave survey, different directions also can collect different slot wave information.
Therefore, adopt three component seismic data acquisition mode, whole SEISMIC CHANNEL WAVE METHOD wave field information can be recorded to.Thus, more effectively can carry out wave field separation and noise compacting; R type and L-type slot wave wave field information can be utilized simultaneously to carry out inverting and stacking image, and carry out integrative seismic technology, to improve applicability and the resolution of channel wave survey.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (2)
1. a underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, data acquisition: first set up down-hole slot wave detection recording geometry, Reasonable Arrangement shot point, geophone station position, blow out and image data;
B, data prediction: carry out Data Format Transform to image data, separate and compile, definition recording geometry, road editor;
C, data wave field separation: three-component slot wave data separating is auspicious thunder type by the polarized filtering method adopting time domain or frequency field, i.e. R type slot wave data and Loew type, i.e. L-type slot wave data;
D, Data Analysis Services: respectively dispersion analysis is carried out to R type slot wave data and L-type slot wave data, energy spectrometer, feature extraction, imaging and filtering, CMP or CCP road collection extract, velocity analysis, normal moveout correction, to superpose and the work such as skew;
E, integrative seismic technology: according to the process achievement of R type slot wave and L-type slot wave in step D, in conjunction with existing geologic information, carry out comprehensive geologic interpretation.
2. a kind of underground coal mine three-component seam seismic exploration method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described steps A, in down-hole coal bed center, gasbag-type three-component seismometer is used along the direction parallel with coal seam, receive the raw readings of x, y, z three components, one-component is parallel to coal seam aspect, is denoted as y component perpendicular to rib; Another component parallel, in coal bed, is parallel to rib simultaneously, is denoted as x component; Vertical coal seam interface, is denoted as z component.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN106772637A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 北京中矿大地地球探测工程技术有限公司 | One kind is based on slot wave forward probe TVSP scan methods |
| CN107703545A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-16 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | A kind of 3-component earthquake slot wave wave field separation method and system |
| CN108107467A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of tunnel geological forecast automatic monitoring system |
| CN109459787A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-03-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Underground coal mine structure imaging method and system based on SEISMIC CHANNEL WAVE METHOD full waveform inversion |
| CN110320551A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-11 | 北京建筑大学 | Mine working face all-wave field data acquisition system and method |
| CN110531415A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of three-dimensional craven fault forward probe method influenced using wall rock loosening ring |
| CN110531419A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of karst collapse col umn forward probe method using Love type surface wave |
| CN110531413A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of advanced Visualization Modeling method of craven fault |
| CN112363210A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 福州华虹智能科技股份有限公司 | Quantitative coal thickness prediction method based on joint inversion of wave velocity and attenuation coefficient of transmission channel waves |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106772637A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 北京中矿大地地球探测工程技术有限公司 | One kind is based on slot wave forward probe TVSP scan methods |
| CN107703545A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-16 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | A kind of 3-component earthquake slot wave wave field separation method and system |
| CN108107467A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of tunnel geological forecast automatic monitoring system |
| CN109459787A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-03-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Underground coal mine structure imaging method and system based on SEISMIC CHANNEL WAVE METHOD full waveform inversion |
| CN109459787B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-12-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | coal mine underground structure imaging method and system based on seismic channel wave full-waveform inversion |
| CN110320551A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-11 | 北京建筑大学 | Mine working face all-wave field data acquisition system and method |
| CN110531419A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of karst collapse col umn forward probe method using Love type surface wave |
| CN110531413A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of advanced Visualization Modeling method of craven fault |
| CN110531415A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of three-dimensional craven fault forward probe method influenced using wall rock loosening ring |
| CN110531419B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-10-30 | 徐州工程学院 | Collapse column advanced detection method using Love surface waves |
| CN110531415B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-10-30 | 徐州工程学院 | Three-dimensional small fault advanced detection method utilizing influence of surrounding rock loosening ring |
| CN112433245A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-02 | 陕西彬长孟村矿业有限公司 | Coal mine fault structure prediction method |
| CN112433245B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2024-03-22 | 陕西彬长孟村矿业有限公司 | Coal mine fault structure prediction and forecast method |
| CN112363210A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 福州华虹智能科技股份有限公司 | Quantitative coal thickness prediction method based on joint inversion of wave velocity and attenuation coefficient of transmission channel waves |
| CN112363210B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-10-13 | 福州华虹智能科技股份有限公司 | Coal thickness quantitative prediction method based on transmission groove wave velocity and attenuation coefficient joint inversion |
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