CN107642114B - Pile foundation hidden danger exploration method and device before pile foundation pouring - Google Patents
Pile foundation hidden danger exploration method and device before pile foundation pouring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for exploring hidden danger at the bottom of a pile before pile foundation pouring, wherein sensors are transversely arranged in an array by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center below the liquid surface in the pile hole before pile foundation pouring to form a horizontal sensor surface array; under the horizontal sensor surface array, vertically arranging vibration source points in an array manner by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center to form vertical array vibration source points; transmitting a signal by a seismic source, which emits a seismic wave; the sensor receives the seismic waves and transmits signals to the multipath synchronous seismograph; and receiving signals by the multipath synchronous seismograph to complete data acquisition. According to the invention, the seismic records which are beneficial to the separation of the up-going wave and the down-going wave of the seismic waves are obtained in the non-poured pile hole, and the related information of the geological hidden danger of the pile foundation engineering is obtained through a traveling wave separation algorithm and a seismic migration imaging algorithm, so that the geological hidden danger of the pile foundation engineering is obtained through the extraction and the processing of the subsequent information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of applied geophysics, and particularly relates to a pile foundation hidden danger exploration method and a pile foundation hidden danger exploration device before pile foundation casting.
Background
Pile foundations are widely used in construction projects such as civil engineering, traffic water conservancy and the like, a pile end bearing layer is an important guarantee for exerting pile foundation bearing capacity, and the existing national related standard regulations have strict standard regulations on the pile bottom bearing layer, such as "building pile foundation technical Specification" (JGJ 94-2008), "highway bridge and culvert foundation and foundation design Specification" (JTGD 63-2007) and the like.
The geological structure of the underground stratum is complex and changeable, the quality of the bearing medium at the bottom of each pile foundation can be accurately and precisely ascertained by the conventional geological survey including drilling, and for this reason, the technical specification of building pile foundation prescribes that each pile bottom serving as an end bearing pile is required to be drilled in advance. But lead drilling exploration has the following drawbacks: on one hand, the construction cost is high, and the construction is labor-and time-consuming; on the other hand, only one hole is visible. When the underground geological structure is complex, hidden diseases at the pile bottom are difficult to accurately find, so that hidden danger is brought to the pile foundation with high concentration of stress, and once the pile foundation is sunk and damaged, a great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed for pile foundation management and building repair.
There are two types of methods for exploring the pile bottoms of the non-poured pile foundations, the first is the advanced drilling mentioned above, and the second is a geophysical exploration method, including geological radar exploration, electrical exploration, ultrasonic exploration, seismic exploration and the like; the construction operation of the two detection methods is very inconvenient, especially when water or slurry exists in the pile hole; under the general condition, the electrical properties of the medium inside and outside the pile foundation are complex and changeable, and reliable detection results are difficult to form. The third method is represented by a pile bottom karst cave sonar detection device and a method (201410276785.5), wherein although an array surface with azimuth marks is formed by an ultrasonic probe, direct coupling waves emitted by an ultrasonic source, surface waves on the pile surface and hidden danger reflected waves under the pile bottom interfere with each other, reflection information is difficult to extract from the direct coupling waves, the concave-convex fluctuation of the pile bottom surface and partial sediments are also difficult to couple an ultrasonic sensor with the pile surface well, ultrasonic emission power and receiving signal quality are also difficult to ensure, so that the obtained data has low signal-to-noise ratio and difficult data interpretation. A fourth method is represented by a pile bottom karst nondestructive detection method (201010539461.8), seismic wave detection is adopted, a sensor is arranged to conduct seismic reflection wave test on the premise that the pile bottom is cleaned, information of whether the pile bottom karst exists or not is extracted by utilizing information of a reflection wave time domain and a reflection wave frequency domain, but the sensor is arranged at the pile bottom, and the coupling effect of a seismic source or the sensor is difficult to guarantee for pile holes with mud and water in drilling holes.
In addition, 201110147297.0 discloses a pile foundation quality detection method and a device thereof, and the method and the device carry out offset superposition according to the correlation of the defect reflection uplink wave signals to form reflection signals excited and received by the pile top surface and acquire the defect position and the property of the lower part of the pile foundation. Before pile body is poured, the hidden danger detection for the pile foundation pile bottom is not applicable.
At present, the pile foundation engineering community does not have reliable technical means and equipment to solve the problem of exploration of geological hidden danger at the pile bottom. The difficult points which can not be effectively solved in the analysis of the hidden trouble exploration of the pile bottom of the non-poured pile foundation are as follows: firstly, the exploration operation space is limited, the field environment condition is bad, the vibration source and the sensor need to overcome the interference, and the precision is enough; secondly, the number of interference sources of the collected signals is large, and effective signals interfere with the interference sources, so that the signal to noise ratio is low. The reasonable design of a scientific data acquisition method and a signal processing algorithm is a key for solving the exploration problem by combining site construction operation conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a pile bottom hidden danger exploration method before pile foundation pouring and a pile bottom hidden danger exploration device, which are characterized in that the seismic records which are beneficial to the separation of the up-going wave and the down-going wave of a seismic wave are obtained in a pile hole which is not poured, and the related information of the pile bottom engineering hidden danger of the pile foundation is obtained through a traveling wave separation algorithm and a seismic migration imaging algorithm, so that the pile bottom engineering hidden danger of the pile foundation is obtained through the extraction and the processing of subsequent information.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a method for detecting hidden danger of a pile bottom before pile foundation pouring, which comprises the following specific processes:
step 1): before pile foundation pouring, arranging sensors in a transverse array below the liquid surface in the pile hole by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center to form a horizontal sensor surface array;
step 2): under the horizontal sensor surface array, vertically arranging vibration source points in an array manner by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center to form vertical array vibration source points;
step 3): transmitting a signal by a seismic source, which emits a seismic wave;
step 4): the sensor receives the seismic waves and transmits signals to the multipath synchronous seismograph;
step 5): and receiving signals by the multipath synchronous seismograph to complete data acquisition.
Further, the multi-path synchronous seismograph transmits the received seismic records to a computer (the computer is an external computer or a built-in computer of the multi-path synchronous seismograph), and the related condition of pile bottom hidden danger is obtained by processing data through software in the computer.
Further, the software in the computer processes the data in the following manner: and (3) separating or suppressing direct wave interference signals in the trace set record by using an up-and-down traveling wave separation algorithm for seismic exploration, extracting traveling wave signals reflected by a hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom, performing offset superposition operation according to the correlation of the defect reflected traveling wave signals, forming reflection information of the hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom, and obtaining the depth position and the property of hidden danger below the pile bottom.
Further, the seismic source emission signals are emitted point by point from top to bottom or from bottom to top in sequence, and seismic source points are excited to emit seismic waves in a separated mode.
Furthermore, the sensors are annularly and symmetrically distributed by taking the central axis of the pile hole as a symmetrical center to form a group of horizontal sensor surface arrays or a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor surface arrays with equal interval depth, so that the sensors can receive a group of or a plurality of groups of seismic waves with equal interval depth, and the record of one to a plurality of equidistant depth points is obtained by one-time excitation.
Furthermore, the horizontal sensor surface array combines the received records of the same group of horizontal sensor surface arrays into a group of signals as shot set records, and the shot set records with a plurality of depths are combined into a plurality of groups of shot set records of the same shot number and are stored in the multipath synchronous seismometer.
Furthermore, the multipath synchronous seismograph receives a plurality of groups of shot set records and transmits the shot set records to a computer, computer processing software extracts sensor data in a certain direction to form a gather record, and utilizes a seismic exploration up-going wave and down-going wave separation algorithm to separate or suppress direct wave interference signals in the gather record, extracts down-going wave signals reflected from a hidden stratum structure below a pile bottom, carries out offset superposition operation according to correlation among the defect reflected down-going wave signals, forms reflection information of the hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom, and acquires depth positions and properties of hidden dangers below the pile bottom. The concrete steps are as follows: after the traveling wave separation algorithm, namely after a clean downstream wave signal is obtained; the sensor data of each azimuth independently form a pumping gather record, and traveling wave separation is carried out respectively; the separated downlink wave signals can be singly or comprehensively subjected to offset superposition or seismic imaging operation to form reflection information of a hidden stratum structure placed under the pile bottom, so that hidden danger depth positions and properties of all directions under the pile bottom are obtained.
Further, the pile hole is filled with liquid, and the liquid is slurry or water.
Furthermore, the seismic source points are arranged at equal intervals or at variable intervals so as to be beneficial to participating in the separation of up-going wave and down-going wave and the subsequent migration operation of the seismic wave field.
Further, in the step 3), before the seismic source emits the signal, the surface of the liquid in the pile hole is covered with a sound absorbing device. The sensor is arranged below the liquid level, and is unfavorable for signal reception due to the fact that the liquid surface is greatly disturbed. And the sound absorption device is covered on the surface of the liquid, so that the anti-interference effect is facilitated.
Further, no slurry or water cannot be injected in the pile hole, a blast hole is vertically drilled in the center axial direction of the pile bottom of the pile hole, vertical array vibration source points are vertically distributed in the blast hole at equal intervals, and a horizontal sensor surface array is distributed on the surface of the pile bottom.
On the other hand, the invention provides a pile bottom hidden trouble exploration device before pile foundation pouring, which comprises a pile hole, a multi-channel synchronous seismometer, a seismic source, a sensor and a seismic source point, wherein the sensor and the seismic source point are arranged in the pile hole;
the sensors are transversely arranged in a displaying way by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center and are connected with the multipath synchronous seismometers through signal cables;
the seismic source is used for exciting seismic waves at a seismic source point;
the seismic source points are vertically arranged in an array by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center and are connected with the seismic source through signal cables;
the seismic source is connected with the multipath synchronous seismograph through a wire.
Further, the pile hole is filled with liquid, and the liquid is slurry or water. Preferably, the sensor is arranged at a position below the surface of the liquid.
Further, the liquid surface in the pile hole is covered with the sound absorbing device. Still further, the material of the sound absorbing means is preferably a flexible sound absorbing material such as sponge, soft cotton cloth, or the like.
Further, the seismic source points are vertically arranged below the sensor at equal intervals or variable intervals to form a vertical array of seismic source points. Still further, the number of source points is at least 2.
Further, the sensor is a hydrophone, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a piezoelectric sensor, a capacitance sensor, a magneto-electric sensor or an optical sensor. Further, the hydrophone is a sensor for water seismic exploration, a sonar sensor or an optical fiber sensor.
Further, the seismic source is an electric spark seismic source, a mechanical seismic source, a magnetostrictive seismic source or other acoustic seismic sources.
Further, the sensors are annularly and symmetrically distributed by taking the central axis of the pile hole as a symmetrical center to form a group of horizontal sensor surface arrays or a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor surface arrays with equal interval depth. Further, the number of the sensors is 1 to 24. When the number of the sensors is 1, the sensors are arranged on the central axis of the pile hole; when the number of the sensors is 2 or more, the sensors are symmetrically distributed to form a horizontal sensor surface array. Still further, the sensors are installed in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.
Further, the multipath synchronous seismograph is an elastic wave collector.
Further, when no slurry exists in the pile hole or water cannot be injected, drilling a blast hole vertically in the axial direction of the pile bottom center of the pile hole, vertically arranging vertical array vibration source points at equal intervals in the blast hole, and arranging a horizontal sensor surface array on the surface of the pile bottom. Further, the depth of the blast hole is 2-5 meters.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method and a device for exploring hidden danger at the pile bottom before pile foundation pouring, which start from the two aspects of obtaining effective signals and suppressing noise in the effective signals: on one hand, the reflection signals of medium hidden danger at the bottom of the pile hole are obtained through arranging a horizontal sensor array and a vertical array vibration source point; on the other hand, the interference signals are effectively suppressed by adopting a traveling wave separation algorithm, and effective information is provided, so that the high signal-to-noise ratio of the probing signals is ensured; the two aspects are combined to provide good conditions for seismic data interpretation processing.
The detection method improves the accuracy of defect reflection signal extraction and interpretation in pile bottom hidden danger detection and improves the reliability of detection results through comprehensive technologies such as array signal combination, gather recording traveling wave separation, related reflection signal offset superposition and the like.
The probing method and the probing device are suitable for pile foundation probing operation before pile foundation pouring in the foundation construction fields of construction/civil engineering, water conservancy, traffic and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred construction of the apparatus of the present invention; in the figure, a pile hole 1, a multipath synchronous seismograph 2, a seismic source 3, a sensor 4, a seismic source point 5, a sound absorbing device 6, a hidden danger point 7 and a central axis 8;
FIG. 2a is a top view of a set of horizontal sensor surface arrays formed by symmetrically arranging 8 sensors in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a side view of a multi-set horizontal sensor face array according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 contains sensor trace record number 1 with downstream and upstream traces;
FIG. 4 is an upstream signal separated from FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a downstream signal separated from FIG. 3;
fig. 6 illustrates offset imaging results using the upstream wave signal of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a pile foundation hidden danger exploration device before pile foundation pouring, which comprises a pile hole 1, a multi-channel synchronous seismograph 2, a seismic source 3, a sensor 4 and a seismic source point 5, wherein the sensor 4 and the seismic source point 5 are arranged in the pile hole 1;
the sensors 4 are transversely arranged in a displaying way by taking the central axis of the pile hole 1 as the center and are connected with the multipath synchronous seismograph 2 through signal cables; the sensors 4 are annularly and symmetrically distributed by taking the central axis of the pile hole 1 as a symmetrical center to form a group of horizontal sensor surface arrays or a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor surface arrays with equal interval depth. Preferably, the number of the sensors 4 is 1 to 24. When the number of the sensors 4 is 1, the sensors 4 are arranged on the central axis of the pile hole 1; when the number of the sensors 4 is 2 or more, the sensors are symmetrically arranged to form a horizontal sensor surface array, and the horizontal sensor surface array can be arranged in a group of horizontal sensor arrays as shown in fig. 2a or in a group of horizontal sensor arrays as shown in fig. 2b, and the relative orientations of the sensors are marked in actual work and are used for judging abnormal orientations in cooperation with the detection result. When the arrangement mode of a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor arrays is adopted, the focus point is positioned above all sensor array surfaces, and one shot and multi-channel record of multi-depth points can be obtained through one-time excitation. Preferably, the sensors 4 are installed in a mode of serial connection, parallel connection or serial-parallel connection of common depth point sensors, and are combined into a signal, so that the signal is used as a single-channel gather record of depth points under the condition of low exploration precision requirement, the records after the depth points of a plurality of seismic sources are excited are combined into a gather record, or the records of depth points of a plurality of surface arrays are excited by a single shot to be combined into a gather record. The sensor 4 is a hydrophone, a piezoelectric sensor, a capacitance sensor, a magneto-electric sensor or an optical sensor. The hydrophone is a sensor for water seismic exploration, a sonar sensor or an optical fiber sensor.
The seismic source 3 is used for exciting seismic waves at a seismic source point 5, and the seismic source 3 is an electric spark seismic source, a mechanical seismic source, a magnetostrictive seismic source or other acoustic seismic sources;
the seismic source points 5 are vertically arranged in an array with the central axis of the pile hole as the center and are connected with the seismic source 3 through signal cables; at least 2 of said source points 5 are present. The vertical array seismic source points are vertically arranged below the sensor 4 according to equal intervals or variable intervals, and the intervals can be used as parameters to participate in the separation of the up-down traveling wave and the subsequent seismic wave field migration operation.
The seismic source 3 is connected with the multipath synchronous seismograph 2 through wires, and the multipath synchronous seismograph 2 is an elastic wave collector.
If a large amount of slurry exists in the pile hole 1, water can be injected into the pile hole 1 if the slurry does not exist, and the detection operation is completed by replacing the slurry with water, wherein the sensor 4 and the vibration source point 5 are both arranged in the slurry.
Preferably, the pile hole 1 surface is covered with a sound absorbing device 6. The sound absorbing means 6 are preferably flexible sound absorbing material, such as sponge, soft cotton cloth or the like. The sound absorbing device 6 is covered on the slurry surface of the pile hole 1 and is used for reducing reflected wave interference signals of seismic waves on the slurry or water surface of the pile hole.
Example 2
If no slurry exists in the pile hole and water injection into the pile hole is inconvenient to explore, vertically drilling a blast hole in the center axial direction of the pile bottom of the pile hole, vertically arranging vertical array vibration source points in the blast hole at equal intervals, and arranging a horizontal sensor surface array on the surface of the blast hole of the pile bottom. The sensor 4 is a speed sensor or an acceleration sensor. Preferably the depth of the blasthole is 2-5 m. The rest of the apparatus corresponds to example 1.
Example 3
Pile hole as shown in example 1, the pile diameter of the pile hole is 1.50 m, the depth of the pile hole is 15 m (hole forming by impact), and the pile hole is filled with slurry before casting; a circular sponge which is about 5 cm thick as the pile diameter is laid on the slurry liquid surface and is used as a sound absorption device, 4 hydrophones are symmetrically distributed on the central axis of the pile hole from the north to the south to form a horizontal hydrophone surface array, and the hydrophones are sunk into the slurry for 2.0m depth; the hydrophone signals are output to a 4-path synchronous seismometer; on the central axis of the pile hole, 8 vibration source points are vertically distributed at intervals of 1.0 meter from 3 meters below the slurry liquid surface to form vertical array vibration source points, electric spark vibration sources are used for sequentially exciting earthquake waves from top to bottom, and 4 paths of synchronous seismometers are used for collecting 8 groups of shot set records, each group of shot set records 4 hydrophone signals, four directions from southeast, northwest and northwest are recorded, the receiving record of a hydrophone in a certain direction is extracted from the shot set records, 8 channels are formed, and a channel set record in a direction is formed, so that 4 groups of channel set records in four directions are similarly obtained; one of which is shown in figure 3. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the reflected 1 and reflected 2 signal portions from the pile bottom hidden danger are interfered by the uplink wave (mainly direct wave), the uplink wave and the downlink wave signals shown in fig. 4 and 5 can be obtained by applying a traveling wave field separation algorithm in a computer, wherein the uplink wave signals shown in fig. 4 are interference signals, the downlink wave signals shown in fig. 5 are signals for analyzing the pile bottom hidden danger, the inversion of pile bottom hidden danger information is realized by deconvolution, offset superposition or offset imaging data processing and interpretation algorithm in a VSP (vertical seismic profiling vertical seismic profile) method, reflection layer display or structural imaging of a hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom is formed, and the property state of the pile bottom hidden danger is identified according to the amplitude, frequency and phase change characteristics of the reflection signals. The bright spots (maxima) as shown in fig. 6 reflect the reflective interface of the pile bottom itself and the presence of weak bodies in the underlying formation, as well as the angle of the respective reflector surface to the central axis of the pile hole. Wave field separation is respectively carried out on four azimuth signals of southeast and northwest, and four groups of reflected signals from hidden danger of the pile bottom are extracted; the four groups of signals can be respectively interpreted, can be jointly processed and interpreted, can be used for determining the depth and the azimuth of the hidden danger at the pile bottom, and can be used for analyzing the property state of the hidden danger according to the amplitude, the frequency and the phase change characteristics of the reflected signals.
Example 4:
the detection device of example 1 and the detection method of example 3 have pile holes with pile diameters of 1.50 meters and pile hole depths of 15 meters (using impact hole forming), and the pile holes are filled with slurry before casting; a circular sponge which is about 5 cm thick as the pile diameter is laid on the slurry liquid surface and is used as a sound absorption device, 4 hydrophones are symmetrically distributed about the pile axis to form a hydrophone surface array, and the 4 hydrophones are connected in parallel to be used as a signal and connected into a seismic exploration acquisition instrument (namely a multi-channel synchronous seismometer); and arranging the source points of the electric spark source on the central axis of the pile hole at a depth of 3.0m below the sound absorption device, vertically arranging 16 receiving points below the source points according to equal depth intervals of 50cm, and when the hydrophone surface array is vertically lowered to each depth point, exciting the source points by using the electric spark source to acquire a blasting record. After the 16 depth points are respectively acquired, a group of seismic record sets (namely gather records) formed by 16 blasting records are obtained, and data acquisition is completed. The traveling wave field separation algorithm is applied to the gather record to extract traveling wave signals from the hidden danger at the pile bottom, the signals are subjected to deconvolution, offset superposition or offset imaging data processing and interpretation algorithm in the VSP method (vertical seismic profiling vertical seismic profile method) to realize the inversion of the hidden danger at the pile bottom, the reflection layer information of the hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom without azimuth recognition capability is formed, and rough deduction and interpretation of the hidden danger at the pile bottom can be made according to the change characteristics of the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the reflection signals.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for exploring hidden danger at the pile bottom before pile foundation pouring is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
step 1): before pile foundation pouring, sensors are annularly and symmetrically distributed below the liquid surface in the pile hole by taking the central axis of the pile hole as a symmetrical center, so that a group of horizontal sensor surface arrays or a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor surface arrays with equal interval depth are formed;
step 2): under the horizontal sensor surface array, vertically arranging vibration source points in an array manner by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center to form vertical array vibration source points;
step 3): the method comprises the steps of sequentially emitting signals from top to bottom or from bottom to top by the seismic source point to point, and exciting the seismic source point to emit seismic waves in a multiple-time manner;
step 4): the sensor receives one group or a plurality of groups of seismic waves with equidistant depth, and the seismic waves are expressed as one-time excitation to obtain records of one to a plurality of equidistant depth points; the horizontal sensor surface array combines the received records of the same group of horizontal sensor surface arrays into a group of signals as shot set records, and the shot set records with a plurality of depths are combined into a plurality of groups of shot set records with the same shot number and are stored in the multipath synchronous seismometer;
step 5): the multipath synchronous seismograph receives a plurality of groups of shot set records and transmits the shot set records to a computer, computer processing software extracts sensor data in a certain direction to form an extraction gather record, and utilizes a seismic exploration up-going wave and down-going wave separation algorithm to separate or suppress direct wave interference signals in the extraction gather record, extracts down-going wave signals reflected by a hidden stratum structure below a pile bottom, carries out offset superposition operation according to correlation among the defect reflection down-going wave signals, forms reflection information of the hidden stratum structure below the pile bottom, and acquires depth positions and properties of hidden hazards below the pile bottom.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the source points are arranged at equal or varying intervals to facilitate participation in up and down wave separation and subsequent seismic wavefield migration operations.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the liquid surface in the pile hole is covered with a sound absorber before the seismic source emits the signal.
4. The exploration method according to claim 1, wherein when slurry is not contained in the pile hole or water cannot be injected, the blast holes are vertically drilled in the central axial direction of the pile bottom of the pile hole, vertical array vibration source points are vertically distributed in the blast holes at equal intervals, and a horizontal sensor surface array is distributed on the surface of the pile bottom.
5. A probe apparatus based on the method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising a pile hole, a multiplex synchronous seismometer, a seismic source, a sensor disposed in the pile hole and a seismic source point;
the sensors are transversely arranged in a displaying way by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center and are connected with the multipath synchronous seismometers through signal cables;
the seismic source is used for exciting seismic waves at a seismic source point;
the seismic source points are vertically arranged in an array by taking the central axis of the pile hole as the center and are connected with the seismic sources through signal cables, and the number of the seismic source points is at least 2;
the seismic source is connected with the multipath synchronous seismograph through a wire.
6. The probing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the pile hole is filled with a liquid, the liquid is slurry or water, and the surface of the liquid in the pile hole is covered with a sound absorbing device;
the seismic source points are vertically arranged below the sensor according to equal intervals or variable intervals to form vertical array seismic source points;
the sensor is a hydrophone, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a piezoelectric sensor, a capacitance sensor, a magneto-electric sensor or an optical sensor;
the seismic source is an electric spark seismic source, a mechanical seismic source or a magnetostrictive seismic source;
the sensors are annularly and symmetrically distributed by taking the central axis of the pile hole as a symmetrical center to form a group of horizontal sensor surface arrays or a plurality of groups of horizontal sensor surface arrays with equal interval depth; the sensor is installed in a serial, parallel or serial-parallel combination mode;
the multipath synchronous seismograph is an elastic wave collector.
7. The exploration device according to claim 5, wherein when slurry is not contained in the pile hole or water cannot be injected, the blast holes are vertically drilled in the axial direction of the pile bottom center of the pile hole, vertical array vibration source points are vertically distributed in the blast holes at equal intervals, and a horizontal sensor surface array is distributed on the surface of the pile bottom.
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| CN112630764A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile bottom karst detection method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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