CN110988981B - Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel - Google Patents
Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
Abstract
The invention discloses a phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for a tunnel adopting a drilling and blasting method, wherein the phased array sound wave advanced prediction system comprises a sound wave transduction device and a host system, wherein the sound wave transduction device transmits and receives sound waves; the data temporary storage module stores sound wave reflection signal data and focused sound wave reflection signal data obtained by three-dimensional detection; the acquisition module is internally introduced with three-dimensional coordinates of the sound wave energy conversion devices, and calculates and controls the emission time and the excitation sequence of each sound wave energy conversion device according to the three-dimensional coordinates so as to delay the emission time and form focused sound waves; the control module is used for temporarily storing the acquired data to the data temporary storage module and sending the data to the data processing imaging module; and the data processing imaging module is used for automatically identifying and judging the boundary of the geological abnormal body by using a deep learning algorithm, processing, analyzing and integrating information to form a three-dimensional detection imaging result, and finally obtaining the three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of advanced prediction of tunnels, in particular to a phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for a tunnel by a drilling and blasting method.
Background
With the great development of western construction in China, the quantity of engineering projects such as roads, railways, water conservancy and the like is increased, and a tunnel is indispensable in western infrastructure construction. In the tunneling process, the drilling and blasting construction method has strong adaptability to geological conditions. In the tunnels and tunnels established in China, more than 90 percent of the tunnels and tunnels are constructed by a drilling and blasting method, which is still an important and common tunnel construction method in China. The tunnel blasting technology is mature, but the development space is still large, the development prospect is still clear, and the tunnel blasting technology can play an irreplaceable role in future tunnel construction in China.
The advanced prediction of the tunnel is an important link in tunnel construction, and the fault fracture zone, the karst cavity, the water-bearing body and other poor geologic bodies in front of the tunnel easily cause geological disasters such as collapse, water inrush and mud inrush in the tunnel construction, so that the construction progress is delayed, and the safety of constructors is threatened, so that the accurate advanced prediction is very necessary.
In the tunnel advance forecasting method, the earliest detection methods such as advanced drilling detection, advanced pit guiding and the like belong to destructive methods, the workload is large, the time is wasted, and the requirements of engineering construction efficiency are not met. People need to research an advance forecasting method with long detection length, high precision and convenient and quick operation, and after a large amount of research and field construction, the method has good effect of long-distance advance forecasting of the tunnel by utilizing the reflected wave to perform seismic exploration, has high accuracy and mature development, and is a geophysical detection method mainly applied to tunnel construction at present. However, the inventor finds that the currently used seismic method generally has the defects of low resolution, serious energy attenuation, serious noise interference, incapability of identifying water-containing bodies, incapability of qualitatively judging faults and broken zones and the like.
In summary, in the field of drilling and blasting tunnel advance prediction, a convenient and fast advance prediction system and method with high resolution and long detection distance is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for a drilling and blasting method tunnel, which can realize automatic advanced prediction of geological abnormal bodies in front of a tunnel face, generate high-resolution three-dimensional geological imaging and provide reference for optimization of a construction scheme and guarantee of construction safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a phased array sound wave advanced prediction system suitable for a tunnel adopting a drilling and blasting method, which comprises a sound wave transduction device and a host system, wherein the sound wave transduction device comprises a sound wave transmitting receiver, a wireless communication module, a data temporary storage module and a power supply module; the host system comprises a data processing imaging module, a control module and a power supply module;
the sound wave transmitting and receiving device is used for transmitting and receiving sound waves;
the wireless communication module realizes control signal and data transmission between the sound wave energy conversion device and the host system in a wireless mode;
the data temporary storage module temporarily stores sound wave reflected signal data obtained by three-dimensional detection and reflected signal data obtained by transmitting focused sound waves, and sends the stored data to the data processing imaging system through the wireless communication module;
the control module is used for introducing three-dimensional coordinates of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices, controlling the transmitting time and the exciting sequence of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to enable the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to transmit in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and then sending the collected and temporarily stored data to the data processing imaging module through the wireless communication module;
the data processing imaging module is used for automatically identifying and judging the boundary of the geological abnormal body by using a deep learning algorithm, processing, analyzing and integrating the acquired data to form a three-dimensional detection imaging result, and finally obtaining the three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face.
Furthermore, the whole acoustic wave energy conversion device is a cylinder, and a plurality of acoustic wave transmitting and receiving devices are arranged at one end of the cylinder in an array shape and used for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves in a combined mode, so that acoustic wave energy can be increased and random interference can be suppressed; the other end of the cylinder is connected with a wireless communication module, a data temporary storage module and a power supply module.
Furthermore, a plurality of sound wave energy conversion devices are arranged on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and each sound wave energy conversion device works independently under the control of the host system.
Furthermore, the phased array sound wave advanced prediction system suitable for the tunnel adopting the drilling and blasting method further comprises a fixing sleeve, wherein the fixing sleeve is cylindrical, a plurality of circles of friction grains are arranged on the outer wall of the fixing sleeve, and a fixing pin is further arranged at the tail end of the fixing sleeve to realize the installation of the sound wave energy conversion device on the tunnel face; after drilling, filling a quantitative accelerator in the hole, then plugging the fixed sleeve in, and taking out the sound wave energy conversion device from the fixed sleeve after detection, wherein the fixed sleeve is disposable.
Furthermore, the sound wave energy conversion device needs manual percussion drilling for field arrangement, the aperture is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed sleeve, and the drilling depth is equal to or less than the length of the fixed sleeve.
Further, the acoustic wave transduction device requires an accelerator for field arrangement.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a construction method based on the phased array acoustic wave advanced prediction system suitable for the drilling and blasting tunnel, which includes the following steps:
step (1): designing an observation system according to the actual shape and size of the face, and punching holes on the face according to the design of the observation system;
step (2): filling a quantitative accelerating agent in the drill hole, arranging a fixed sleeve of the sound wave transduction device at the bottom of the drill hole, and then inserting the sound wave transduction device to ensure that the top of the sound wave transduction device is well coupled with the surrounding rock;
and (3): measuring three-dimensional coordinates of all the arranged sound wave energy conversion devices in the tunnel, and introducing the three-dimensional coordinates into a host system;
and (4): the host system wirelessly controls the alternate emission and reception of the plurality of sound wave energy conversion devices, so that one point excites the area to receive, the position of the excited point is continuously changed, the acquisition mode of area reception is kept, and the three-dimensional data acquisition in front of the tunnel face is completed;
and (5): the host system processes the acquired three-dimensional data to obtain a three-dimensional detection imaging result;
and (6): the host system analyzes and processes the three-dimensional detection imaging result by using a deep learning algorithm to obtain the preliminary scale and position information possibly existing in the geological abnormal body;
and (7): the host system calculates and controls the transmitting time of each sound wave energy conversion device according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each point, so that the sound waves are transmitted in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and the possible positions of the abnormal bodies are subjected to key fine detection;
and (8): and the host system wirelessly transmits back the data information reflected by the focused sound waves and processes, analyzes and integrates the three-dimensional detection imaging result to finally obtain the three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face so as to optimize the tunnel construction scheme.
As a further technical scheme, in the step (1), the hole diameter of the drill hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed sleeve, and the depth of the drill hole is equal to or less than the length of the fixed sleeve.
As a further technical scheme, the specific process of the step (5) is as follows:
1) editing the trace sets to realize bad trace cutting and effective data length cutting;
2) the method comprises the following steps of performing frequency spectrum analysis and band-pass filtering, wherein a Fourier transform is adopted to transform a reflected wave signal from a time domain to a frequency domain, so that a filtering effect is achieved according to the difference of effective waves and interference waves on frequency spectrums, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a reflected wave record is improved;
3) picking up first arrival waves and determining the arrival time of direct arrival waves;
4) static correction, correcting each detector and the emitting source to the same reference surface, and eliminating the lead or lag effect of the recording track caused by different emitting sources;
5) gather equalization, including intra-lane equalization and inter-lane equalization;
6) effective reflected wave extraction, namely, suppressing interference waves by adopting inverse Q filtering and inclination filtering, and automatically extracting effective reflected waves from the front and the side of the tunnel face;
7) inverse Q filtering, compensating for energy and frequency attenuation caused by formation non-elastomers, and correcting the stretching effect of the phase of the sub-wave;
8) speed analysis, namely establishing a speed model of the rock mass in front of the working face through repeated iteration of a time interval curve on the basis of the wave speed of the first arrival waves;
9) and (3) reverse time migration, on the basis of velocity analysis, a mixed three-dimensional depth migration method combining prestack depth migration, reflection spectrum imaging and Fresnel body migration of a Kirchoff integration method is adopted to perform migration homing on reflected wave records respectively, so that the obtained imaging section can more clearly and accurately show the spatial form and the real position of a wave impedance interface.
As a further technical scheme, in the step (6), a series of candidate target regions are generated by using a selective search algorithm, then the features of the target candidate regions are extracted through a deep neural network, and finally the features are used for classification and regression of a target real boundary.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the focused sound waves are emitted by the array, so that the effective wave energy can be increased, and the attenuation energy can be compensated, thereby increasing the advanced detection distance and suppressing noise interference;
(2) due to the fact that the main frequency of the sound wave is high, high-resolution imaging can be achieved, and accuracy of advanced prediction is improved;
(3) the invention can realize the diversified design of an instrument observation system, and the arrangement of a plurality of sound wave energy conversion devices realizes the full-coverage detection of the tunnel face;
(4) the invention utilizes wireless transmission control signals and data to reduce the complex operation and difficult transportation of wired instruments;
(5) according to the invention, the accuracy and the reliability of a detection result are improved by double detection by utilizing a three-dimensional detection technology and a focused acoustic wave detection imaging technology;
(6) according to the method, the occurrence position of the geological abnormal body is automatically identified by using a deep learning algorithm, the data processing speed is increased, and the detection time of advanced prediction is saved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a phased array acoustic wave look ahead system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an acoustic wave transducing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the retaining sleeve of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a palm surface; 2. an acoustic wave transducing device; 3. a host; 4. an acoustic wave transmitting and receiving module; 5. a fixing sheath; 6. a wireless, battery module; 7. an antenna; 8. rubbing the lines; 9. and (4) fixing the sheath.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As described in the background section, the seismic methods used in the present application generally have the disadvantages of low resolution, severe energy attenuation, severe noise interference, incapability of identifying water-containing bodies, incapability of performing qualitative judgment on faults and broken zones, and the like. In the field of drilling and blasting tunnel advance forecasting, a convenient and quick advance forecasting device and method with high resolution and long detection distance is lacked. Therefore, the invention provides a phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for a tunnel adopting a drilling and blasting method.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the phased array acoustic wave advanced prediction system suitable for a tunnel by a drilling and blasting method disclosed in this embodiment includes an acoustic wave transducing device and a host system; the sound wave energy conversion device comprises a sound wave transmitting receiver, a wireless communication module, a data temporary storage module and a power supply module; the host system comprises an acquisition module, a data processing imaging module, a control module and a power supply module;
the sound wave transmitting and receiving device comprises a plurality of sound wave transmitting and receiving devices, a plurality of sound wave transmitting and receiving devices and a plurality of sound wave transmitting and receiving devices, wherein the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices are arranged on the tunnel face of the tunnel and are used for transmitting and receiving sound waves;
the wireless communication module is used for realizing the transmission of control signals and data between the sound wave energy conversion device and the host system in a wireless mode;
the data temporary storage module temporarily stores the sound wave reflection signal data and the focused sound wave reflection signal data obtained by three-dimensional detection, and returns the stored data to the data processing imaging module through the wireless communication module;
the control module is used for introducing three-dimensional coordinates of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices, controlling the transmitting time and the exciting sequence of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to enable the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to transmit in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and then sending the collected and temporarily stored data to the data processing imaging module through the wireless communication module;
the data processing imaging module is used for automatically identifying and judging the boundary of the geological abnormal body by using a deep learning algorithm, processing, analyzing and integrating the acquired data to form a three-dimensional detection imaging result, and finally obtaining the three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face.
Specifically, the structure of the acoustic wave transducer 2 is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a cylindrical housing, and an acoustic wave transceiver 4 is mounted at one end of the cylindrical housing; a fixed sheath 5 is arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical shell, a data temporary storage module, a power supply module and a wireless communication module 6 are arranged in the cylindrical shell, an antenna 7 is arranged at the other end part of the shell, and the antenna 7 serves as the wireless communication module; the plurality of acoustic wave transceivers 4 are arranged in an array at the end of the cylinder, and are used for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves in a combined manner, so that the acoustic wave energy can be increased, and random interference can be suppressed. The other end of the cylinder is connected with a power supply module and a wireless communication module 6 which are used for supplying power to the sound wave transmitting and receiving device 4, and each sound wave energy conversion device 2 works independently under the control of the host system;
fig. 3 is a fixing sleeve, the sound wave transducing device is installed in the fixing sleeve, a circle of friction grains 8 are arranged on the outer wall of the fixing sleeve, a fixing pin 9 is further arranged at the tail end of the fixing sleeve, and the installation of the sound wave transducing device 2 on the tunnel face is achieved.
The sound wave energy conversion device 2 needs manual impact drilling to drill holes on the tunnel face of the tunnel in field arrangement, the hole diameter of the drilled holes is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed sleeve, and the drilling depth is equal to or smaller than the length of the fixed sleeve. The acoustic wave transduction device 2 needs an accelerator for field arrangement.
The following describes the concrete construction method in detail:
firstly, arranging a sound wave transduction device of a phased array sound wave advanced forecasting system on a tunnel face;
the staff needs to design the observation system according to the shape and size of the tunnel face. After the design is finished, the mark can be sprayed on the tunnel face, then the portable impact drill can be used for drilling holes, and a foot rest or a ladder is needed at a higher position. When the impact drill drills on the face of a tunnel, the axis of the cylindrical drill hole is kept consistent with the direction of the tunnel. While punching, a total station can be used to measure three-dimensional coordinates of the marked location points and generate a coordinate file in a specified format. After drilling is completed, a certain amount of accelerator can be placed into the deepest part of a drilled hole by another worker, then the fixed sleeve is plugged into the drilled hole, and then the sound wave energy conversion device is plugged into the fixed sleeve, so that the plugging end of the sound wave energy conversion device is closely coupled with the wall of the drilled hole under the action of the accelerator. The cavity is prevented from being formed between the sound wave transmitting and receiving end and the surrounding rock, so that the transmission and the receiving of the sound waves are influenced.
And then, connecting a host system of the phased array sound wave advanced forecasting system. After the acoustic wave energy conversion devices are completely arranged, the three-dimensional coordinates of each arrangement point need to be measured by using a total station, then the three-dimensional coordinates are converted into a coordinate file with a specified format, and the coordinate file is directly read by using acquisition software installed on a host system, so that the observation system used by the current detection can be obtained. And then setting parameters such as the size of a surface element, the offset distance, the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the maximum azimuth angle dynamic correction time difference, the receiving line distance, the covering times and the like. It is also necessary to determine the overall scheme of the observation system, such as orthogonal, diagonal or brick-wall, intermediate excitation or end excitation.
After the parameter scheme is set, the host system calculates and controls the transmitting time and the exciting sequence of each sound wave transmitting and receiving device according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each arrangement point, so that the sound waves are transmitted in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and data received by the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices are temporarily stored in a data storage module of the sound wave energy conversion device; the data in the data storage module is automatically transmitted to the data processing imaging module of the host system through the antenna 7.
The data processing imaging module then performs processing using the following automatic processing method of reflected waves:
(1) editing the trace sets, cutting out bad traces and cutting out effective data length (according to forecast length), so that the processing key points are highlighted, and the processing efficiency is improved;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of performing frequency spectrum analysis and band-pass filtering, wherein a Fourier transform is adopted to transform a reflected wave signal from a time domain to a frequency domain, so that the filtering effect is achieved and the signal-to-noise ratio of a reflected wave record is improved according to the difference of effective waves and interference waves on frequency spectrum;
(3) the first arrival wave is picked up, and the arrival time of the direct wave is determined, so that necessary and reliable parameters are provided for subsequent data processing work. The reflection event is automatically picked up by adopting a ratio method, and manual picking is not needed, so that the accuracy and the stability of a calculation result are greatly improved;
(4) and static correction, namely correcting each detector and each emission source to the same reference surface, and eliminating the lead or lag effect of the recording track caused by different emission sources. Because the low-speed zone of the conventional earthquake does not exist in the tunnel, the linear fitting is directly carried out by adopting a least square algorithm;
(5) gather equalization, including intra-lane equalization and inter-lane equalization. In-channel equalization is to compress waves with strong shallow energy and increase waves with weak deep energy in each channel, so that the amplitudes of the shallow waves and the deep waves are controlled within a certain dynamic range; the inter-channel balance is mainly used for eliminating excitation energy differences of different emission source points, so that the amplitude of a reflected wave is not influenced by excitation conditions and only reflects the geological structure condition;
(6) effective reflected wave extraction, namely, suppressing interference waves by adopting inverse Q filtering and inclination filtering, and automatically extracting effective reflected waves from the front and the side of the tunnel face;
(7) the anti-Q filtering compensates energy and frequency attenuation caused by the formation nonelastomer, and corrects the stretching effect of the sub-wave phase, thereby achieving the purposes of improving weak reflection energy, improving the continuity of the same phase axis and improving the imaging resolution;
(8) and (4) velocity analysis, namely establishing a velocity model of the rock mass in front of the working face through repeated iteration of time-distance curves on the basis of the wave velocity of the first arrival waves. Speed scanning is carried out by adopting a common imaging point gather leveling criterion, firstly, the picked first arrival data is converted into sound wave speed, then, the space range of a detection area is defined, and speed scanning is carried out for mesh subdivision of the area;
(9) and (3) reverse time migration, on the basis of velocity analysis, a mixed three-dimensional depth migration method combining prestack depth migration, reflection spectrum imaging and Fresnel body migration of a Kirchoff integration method is adopted to perform migration homing on reflected wave records respectively, so that the obtained imaging section can more clearly and accurately show the spatial form and the real position of a wave impedance interface. The Kirchoff integral method is particularly suitable for reflected wave data collected by various irregular observation systems in tunnels, and has better imaging effect on areas with complex structures and severe transverse speed changes due to prestack depth deviation, poststack deviation and prestack time deviation. Meanwhile, on the basis of kirchhoff prestack depth migration, a reflection spectrum imaging method and a Fresnel body migration method are further introduced, the reflection spectrum imaging method is very effective for a non-uniform medium, the scattering effect in a low frequency band can be suppressed, and the resolution of a high frequency band is improved; the fresnel body displacement method can further improve the sharpness of the reflecting surface and eliminate artifacts in the result.
Reverse time migration imaging is an important technology, and under the high resolution of sound wave detection, reverse time migration imaging greatly improves the imaging accuracy. The acoustic wave equation belongs to a two-way acoustic wave equation, the reverse time migration of the acoustic wave equation in a time domain belongs to prestack depth migration, and compared with the traditional one-way wave equation and kirchhoff integral migration, the acoustic wave equation has the advantages of being free from the limitation of a front fault dip angle, good in small dip angle fault imaging effect, accurate in imaging of a diffracted wave and a revolving wave, and accurate in dynamic information.
Through the processing process, the imaging result of three-dimensional detection can be obtained, and then the data processing module carries out automatic identification and judgment on the boundary of the geological abnormal body by using a deep learning algorithm.
Firstly, a series of candidate target regions are generated by using a target candidate region generation algorithm (Selective Search, SS), Bing and EdgeBoxes, then the features of the target candidate regions are extracted through a deep neural network, finally the features are used for classification, regression of a target real boundary is carried out, the boundary azimuth is recorded, and the next focused acoustic detection is carried out.
And the host system automatically calculates the time delay triggered by each sound wave transduction device according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each sound wave transduction device so as to form a focused sound wave beam and finely detect the occurrence position of the abnormal body judged by deep learning.
And after the detection of the focused sound wave is finished, the detection data is automatically transmitted to a host system through a wireless module, the imaging processing of the focused sound wave is further carried out, then the three-dimensional detection imaging result is integrated, and finally the three-dimensional geological imaging with high resolution is obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A phased array sound wave advanced prediction system suitable for a tunnel adopting a drilling and blasting method is characterized by comprising a sound wave transduction device and a host system, wherein the sound wave transduction device comprises a sound wave transmitting receiver, a wireless communication module, a data temporary storage module and a power supply module; the host system comprises a data processing imaging module, a control module and a power supply module;
the sound wave transmitting and receiving device is used for transmitting and receiving sound waves;
the wireless communication module realizes control signal and data transmission between the sound wave energy conversion device and the host system in a wireless mode;
the data temporary storage module temporarily stores sound wave reflected signal data obtained by three-dimensional detection and reflected signal data obtained by transmitting focused sound waves, and sends the stored data to the data processing imaging module through the wireless communication module;
the control module is used for introducing three-dimensional coordinates of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices, controlling the transmitting time and the exciting sequence of the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to enable the sound wave transmitting and receiving devices to transmit in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and then sending the collected and temporarily stored data to the data processing imaging module through the wireless communication module;
the data processing imaging module is used for automatically identifying and judging the boundary of the geological abnormal body by using a deep learning algorithm, processing, analyzing and integrating the acquired data to form a three-dimensional detection imaging result, and finally obtaining a three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face;
the host system firstly analyzes and processes the three-dimensional detection imaging result by using a deep learning algorithm to obtain the preliminary scale and position information possibly existing in the geological abnormal body; then the host system calculates and controls the transmitting time of each sound wave transducing device according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each point, so that the sound waves are transmitted in a delayed manner to form focused sound waves, and the possible positions of the abnormal bodies are subjected to key fine detection;
the whole acoustic wave energy conversion device is a cylinder, a plurality of acoustic wave transmitting and receiving devices are arranged at one end of the cylinder in an array shape and used for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves in a combined mode, and the other end of the cylinder is connected with a wireless communication module, a data temporary storage module and a power supply module.
2. The phased array acoustic wave advanced forecasting system suitable for the tunnel by the drilling and blasting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of acoustic wave transducing devices are arranged on the tunnel face, and each acoustic wave transducing device works independently under the control of a host system.
3. The phased array sound wave advance forecasting system suitable for the drilling and blasting method tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a fixing sleeve, wherein the fixing sleeve is cylindrical, a plurality of circles of friction grains are arranged on the outer wall of the fixing sleeve, and a fixing pin is further arranged at the tail end of the fixing sleeve.
4. The construction method of the phased array sound wave advanced prediction system suitable for the drilling and blasting method tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): designing an observation system according to the actual shape and size of the face, and punching holes on the face according to the design of the observation system;
step (2): filling a quantitative accelerating agent in the drill hole, arranging a fixed sleeve of the sound wave transduction device at the bottom of the drill hole, and then inserting the sound wave transduction device to ensure that the top of the sound wave transduction device is well coupled with the surrounding rock;
and (3): measuring three-dimensional coordinates of all the arranged sound wave energy conversion devices in the tunnel, and introducing the three-dimensional coordinates into a host system;
and (4): the host system wirelessly controls the alternate emission and reception of the plurality of sound wave energy conversion devices, so that one point excites the area to receive, the position of the excited point is continuously changed, the acquisition mode of area reception is kept, and the three-dimensional data acquisition in front of the tunnel face is completed;
and (5): the host system processes the acquired three-dimensional data to obtain a three-dimensional detection imaging result;
and (6): the host system analyzes and processes the three-dimensional detection imaging result by using a deep learning algorithm to obtain the preliminary scale and position information possibly existing in the geological abnormal body;
and (7): the host system calculates and controls the transmitting time of each sound wave energy conversion device according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each point, so that the sound waves are transmitted in a delayed mode to form focused sound waves, and the possible positions of the abnormal bodies are subjected to key fine detection;
and (8): and the host system wirelessly transmits back the data information reflected by the focused sound waves and processes, analyzes and integrates the three-dimensional detection imaging result to finally obtain the three-dimensional detection imaging with high resolution in front of the tunnel face so as to optimize the tunnel construction scheme.
5. The construction method according to claim 4, wherein the hole drilled in step (1) has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed sleeve and a depth equal to or less than the length of the fixed sleeve.
6. The construction method according to claim 4, wherein the specific process of the step (5) is as follows:
(1) and (3) track set editing: the bad channel cutting and the effective data length cutting are realized;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of performing frequency spectrum analysis and band-pass filtering, converting a reflected signal from a time domain to a frequency domain by adopting Fourier transform, achieving a filtering effect according to the difference of effective waves and interference waves on frequency spectrum, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of a reflected wave record;
(3) picking up first arrival waves and determining the arrival time of direct arrival waves;
(4) static correction, correcting each detector and the emitting source to the same reference surface, and eliminating the lead or lag effect of the recording track caused by different emitting sources;
(5) gather equalization, including intra-lane equalization and inter-lane equalization;
(6) extracting effective waves, namely adopting inverse Q filtering and inclination filtering to suppress interference waves and automatically extracting the effective waves from the front and the side of the tunnel face;
(7) inverse Q filtering, compensating for energy and frequency attenuation caused by formation non-elastomers, and correcting the stretching effect of the phase of the sub-wave;
(8) speed analysis, namely establishing a speed model of the rock mass in front of the working face through repeated iteration of a time interval curve on the basis of the wave speed of the first arrival waves;
(9) and (3) reverse time migration, on the basis of velocity analysis, a mixed three-dimensional depth migration method combining prestack depth migration, reflection spectrum imaging and Fresnel body migration of a Kirchoff integration method is adopted to perform migration homing on reflected wave records respectively, so that the obtained imaging section can more clearly and accurately show the spatial form and the real position of a wave impedance interface.
7. The construction method according to claim 4, wherein in step (6), a series of candidate target regions are firstly generated by using a selective search algorithm, then the features of the target candidate regions are extracted through a deep neural network, and finally the features are used for classification and regression of the real boundary of the target.
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