CN106443766A - 3 dimensional tunnel earthquake advance seismic method - Google Patents
3 dimensional tunnel earthquake advance seismic method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443766A CN106443766A CN201610785242.5A CN201610785242A CN106443766A CN 106443766 A CN106443766 A CN 106443766A CN 201610785242 A CN201610785242 A CN 201610785242A CN 106443766 A CN106443766 A CN 106443766A
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- tunnel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
Abstract
The invention provides a 3 dimensional tunnel seismic advance detection method. The method is characterized by including the following steps: a. evenly arranging a plurality of excitation points on the edge of a tunnel face, arranging one excitation point in the center of the tunnel face, evenly arranging a plurality of receiving points on the edge of the tunnel face and the midpoint trajectory of the middle position, connecting each excitation point and the receiving points and a digital seismograph; b. the plurality of excitation points successively exciting a signal, all receiver points simultaneously receiving seismic wave signals, the digital seismograph conducting data acquisition, constituting a plurality groups of seismic wave reflection records; c. extracting common excitation gather data from the digital seismograph and transmitting the data to a seismic data analysis software; d. conducting data pre-processing; e. conducting speed analysis; f. acquiring depth data; g. providing explanation data of abnormality by computing the results of two patterns, and providing comprehensive explanation in combination with drilling and geological radar material. According to the invention, the method can obtain depth data of the 3 dimensional space in front of the tunnel face, thus providing tunnel advance geological prediction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the advance geologic prediction in geophysical exploration is and in particular to a kind of three-dimensional tunnel earthquake is visited in advance
Survey method.
Background technology
The Geological Prediction Technology of existing tunnel (tunnel) mainly includes face vegetarian noodles method, probing method and geophysics
The features such as prospecting three class, wherein geophysical exploration method are due to its low cost, efficiency high is widely used and writes tunnel and apply
In work related specifications.In geophysical exploration technology, seismic reflectuon seismic noise is due to its place adaptability, detection range and effectively
Property all can preferably meet engineering actual demand, become in conventional advance geologic prediction requisite one work, seismic reflection
There is the difference of two and three dimensions exploration engineering in the subdivision of ripple method Geological Prediction Technology again.
In two-dimension earthquake reflective wave method Geological Prediction Technology, the most common are and developed with Amberg company of Switzerland
TSP200 and TSP300 serial equipment is the line style observation procedure of representative, and it is pre- that such method is widely used in tunnel geological
In report work, its physical points is all arranged in the left and right abutment wall at face rear.Another kind of method is by Shandong University and clock
The tunnel minimum offset distance earthquake advanced detection technology of generation boat professor's R ＆ D Cooperation, the method also has in part constructing tunnel should
With its physical points is arranged on face according to linear rule, realizes the Single-receiver seismics reflection wave exploration of little offset distance, and data is adopted
Collection and process are all relatively simple.
In 3-D seismics reflective wave method Geological Prediction Technology, only U.S. NSA (national at present
Security agency) the TRT technology researched and developed adopts three-dimensional observation and treatment technology；Additionally, water power physical prospecting research institute of Beijing
TST (the tunnel seismic tomography) technical data developed gathers similar to TSP200 serial equipment technology, but adopts
Separated and filtering problem with the identification that two-dimensional filtering technique solves three-dimensional wave field, partly achieve three-dimensional exploration effects.At present
3-D seismics reflective wave method Geological Prediction Technology be all to carry out physical points in the tunnel trunk space at face rear
Arrangement, be not covered with face region.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the defect of prior art, provides a kind of three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method,
Effectively obtain the 3-D seismics reflected waveform data of front of tunnel heading, and it is different to reach analysis front of tunnel heading geology by data processing
Normal purpose.
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
A. it is evenly arranged multiple shot points at tunnel tunnel face edge, in 1 shot point of face center arrangement；In tunnel
Multiple receiving points are evenly arranged on the midpoint trajectory of face margin and center position, each shot point and receiving point with digitally
Shake instrument connects；
B. many shot point excitation signals successively, all geophone stations receive seismic signal simultaneously, using digital seismograph
Carry out data acquisition, form multigroup seismic reflection record；
C. extract the data transfer of shot point road collection altogether from digital seismograph to seismic data analysis software；
D. seismic data analysis software pre-processes to data；
E. seismic data analysis software carries out velocity analysis to data；
F. seismic data analysis software passes through time and depth transfer pattern or depth migration pattern obtains depth data；
G. abnormal explanation foundation is provided by the result of calculation of step f both of which, in conjunction with boring and geological radar
Data carries out integrated interpretation.
In described step a, shot point, receiving point particular number and position can be excavated situation according to tunnel tunnel face and be adjusted.
In described step b, receiving point and shot point all number consecutivelies in the direction of the clock, excite successively by exciting dot sequency
Signal.
Digital seismograph measurement shot point, reception point coordinates in described step b；Shot point is M, and receiving point is N number of, shape
Become M*N group seismic reflection record.
In described step c, different road collections spatially reflect the geological information of tunnel tunnel face zones of different.
In described step d, pretreatment includes noise compacting, bad track process, filtering, gain compensation.
Described step e includes direct wave time according to multigroup earthquake reflected wave record and geophone offset value the Fitting Calculation is gone directly
Wave velocity, this speed is face rock stratum approximate velocity.
Time and depth transfer pattern in described step f is with the velocity of longitudinal wave obtaining in step e, the data volume of step e to be carried out
Time and depth transfer obtains depth numeric field data, and this data distribution is in the three dimensions before face.
Depth migration pattern in described step f be using in step e obtain velocity of longitudinal wave as image taking speed, carry out three
Dimension pre-stack depth migration, obtains three dimensional depth numeric field data.
The invention discloses a kind of highdensity three-dimensional tunnel earthquake advanced detection technology.Seismological observation device, including connecing
Sink, shot point and digital seismograph, directly in tunnel tunnel face total space three dimensional arrangement, are disturbed (earth's surface by tunnel lateral
Echo etc.) impact is little so that the signal to noise ratio of observation data can be improved relatively；On the other hand, face is apart from front
Abnormal nearest tunnel space, carries out point layout data collection in face completely, while avoiding barrel interference again
Enhance the abnormal signal to noise ratio of front geological.Observed result forms several common shot point road collections in face, comprehensively the reflection palm
The three-dimensional configuration of the unfavorable geologic body of side in face of son.Advance geologic prediction in railway or vcehicular tunnel, coalfield mineral products tunnel
In, compare the linear observation device of conventional earthquake, seismological observation device of the present invention is directly in tunnel tunnel face total space three-dimensional cloth
Put, observed result forms multiple shot point road collections altogether in face, comprehensively the three-dimensional of the unfavorable geologic body of reflection front of tunnel heading
Form.The present invention is simple to operate, visual results, and the dimensionally seismic wave law technology having filled up operation in the range of tunnel tunnel face is empty
In vain.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is face point layout schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is common shot point road collection locus figure
Wherein, 1- face edge, 2- face center, S1-S7 is shot point, and R1-R12 is receiving point.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is easy to be well understood to this
Bright, but they do not constitute restriction to the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method, comprising the following steps：
Step 1：3-D seismics observation device is arranged；It is evenly arranged 6 shot points at tunnel tunnel face edge 1 first
(hole), arranges 1 shot point (hole) at face center 2.Then in the middle locus of points of tunnel tunnel face margin and center position
12 receiving points (geophone station) are evenly arranged on line, 7 shot point S1-S7 and 12 receiving points are arranged altogether on tunnel tunnel face
R1-R12, receiving point and shot point all number consecutivelies in the direction of the clock, using total station survey shot point, receive point coordinates.
Shot point, receiving point particular number and position can be excavated situation according to tunnel tunnel face and be adjusted.Above-mentioned shot point and receiving point
Electrically connect with digital seismograph and carry out data transfer.
Step 2：Data acquisition is carried out using digital seismograph, by exciting dot sequency excitation signal successively, all geophone stations
Receive seismic signal simultaneously, form 84 groups of seismic reflection records.
Step 3：In seismic data analysis software decimation digital seismograph, the data of common shot point (common-source point) road collection, different
Road collection spatially reflects the geological information of tunnel tunnel face zones of different.
Step 4：Seismic data analysis software pre-processes to the data extracting, and comprises noise compacting, bad track is processed, filter
Ripple, gain compensation etc.；
Step 5：Seismic data analysis software carries out velocity analysis to the data extracting, according to 84 groups of earthquake reflected wave records
The direct wave time and geophone offset value the Fitting Calculation go directly wave velocity, this speed be face rock stratum approximate velocity；
Step 6：, seismic data analysis software to extract data carry out time and depth transfer pattern and depth migration pattern meter
Calculate, obtain depth data；
Wherein, time and depth transfer pattern：Time and depth transfer is carried out to the data volume of step 5 with the velocity of longitudinal wave obtaining in step 5
Obtain depth numeric field data, this data distribution is in the three dimensions before face；
Depth migration pattern：The velocity of longitudinal wave being obtained using in step 5, as image taking speed, carries out three-dimensional prestack depth inclined
Move, obtain three dimensional depth numeric field data.
Step 7：Abnormal explanation foundation can be provided from different aspect by the achievement of step 6 both of which, in conjunction with brill
Hole and geological radar data carry out integrated interpretation.
The invention discloses a kind of density three-dimensional tunnel earthquake advanced detection technology.Seismological observation device is directly in tunnel
Face total space three dimensional arrangement, is disturbed (earth's surface echo etc.) impact little so that observing the signal to noise ratio of data by tunnel lateral
Relatively can be improved；On the other hand, face is apart from the extremely nearest tunnel space in front, carries out in face completely
Point layout data gathers, and enhances front geological abnormal signal to noise ratio while avoiding barrel interference again.Observed result
Form several common shot point road collections in face, comprehensively the three-dimensional configuration of the unfavorable geologic body of reflection front of tunnel heading.
The present invention mainly processes explanation by tunnel tunnel face 3-D seismics observation device data and forms, and finally can get tunnel
The three-dimensional depth data of road front of tunnel heading, reaches the effect of tunnel geological forecast, principle and to realize process simple.
The content that this specification is not described in detail belongs to prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
A. it is evenly arranged multiple shot points at tunnel tunnel face edge, in 1 shot point of face center arrangement；In tunnel face
Multiple receiving points, each shot point and receiving point and digital seismograph are evenly arranged on the midpoint trajectory of face margin and center position
Connect；
B. many shot point excitation signals successively, all geophone stations are received seismic signal simultaneously, are carried out using digital seismograph
Data acquisition, forms multigroup seismic reflection record；
C. extract the data transfer of shot point road collection altogether from digital seismograph to seismic data analysis software；
D. seismic data analysis software pre-processes to data；
E. seismic data analysis software carries out velocity analysis to data；
F. seismic data analysis software passes through time and depth transfer pattern or depth migration pattern obtains depth data；
G. abnormal explanation foundation is provided by the result of calculation of step f both of which, in conjunction with boring and geological radar data
Carry out integrated interpretation.
2. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that shot point in step a, connect
Sink particular number and position can be excavated situation according to tunnel tunnel face and be adjusted.
3. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that in step b receiving point and swash
Send out point all number consecutivelies in the direction of the clock, by exciting dot sequency excitation signal successively.
4. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that digital seismograph in step b
Measurement shot point, reception point coordinates；Shot point is M, and receiving point is N number of, forms M*N group seismic reflection record.
5. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that in step c different road collections exist
Spatially reflect the geological information of tunnel tunnel face zones of different.
6. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 includes it is characterised in that pre-processing in step d
Noise compacting, bad track process, filter, gain compensation.
7. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step e is included according to multigroup
The direct wave time of earthquake reflected wave record and the through wave velocity of geophone offset value the Fitting Calculation, this speed is that face rock stratum is approximate
Speed.
8. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that time and depth transfer in step f
Pattern is to carry out time and depth transfer with the velocity of longitudinal wave obtaining in step e to the data volume of step e to obtain depth numeric field data, this data
It is distributed in the three dimensions before face.
9. three-dimensional tunnel earthquake forward probe method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that depth migration in step f
Pattern be using in step e obtain velocity of longitudinal wave as image taking speed, carry out three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration, obtain three dimensional depth domain
Data.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107831529A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-23 | 云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | A kind of method for lifting tunnel advance geologic prediction accuracy rate |
| CN108051852A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 钱荣毅 | The advanced intelligent forecasting method of 3D fast hi-resolution constructing tunnels |
| CN108107467A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of tunnel geological forecast automatic monitoring system |
| CN108241180A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-03 | 五矿勘查开发有限公司 | Ion type rareearth ore bottom plate exploration method |
| CN108957521A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | One kind is for tunnel method for forecasting advanced geology three-dimensional over long distances |
| CN109613616A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of comprehensive three-dimensional probe method of shallow survey tunnel geology |
| CN110174694A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-08-27 | 成都畅达通检测技术股份有限公司 | A kind of acquisition of advance geologic prediction data and analysis method |
| CN110349262A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-18 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A kind of tunnel geological forecast three-dimensional modeling method and system based on BIM |
| CN110988981A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel |
| CN111090120A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-01 | 核工业井巷建设集团有限公司 | Underwater tunnel water detection method |
| CN111158050A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 中铁工程服务有限公司 | Data acquisition system and method and tunnel seismic wave advanced prediction method |
| CN112684516A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-04-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Data processing method and related equipment for tunnel advanced prediction visual comprehensive geophysical prospecting |
| CN112904348A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-04 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112925010A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 | High-precision phased array elastic wave tunnel three-dimensional geological advanced prediction method |
| CN117233840A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Underground cavern full-space advanced geological prediction method based on seismic waves |
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Cited By (23)
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| CN107831529A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-23 | 云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | A kind of method for lifting tunnel advance geologic prediction accuracy rate |
| CN108051852A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 钱荣毅 | The advanced intelligent forecasting method of 3D fast hi-resolution constructing tunnels |
| CN108107467A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of tunnel geological forecast automatic monitoring system |
| CN108241180A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-03 | 五矿勘查开发有限公司 | Ion type rareearth ore bottom plate exploration method |
| CN108241180B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-03-20 | 五矿勘查开发有限公司 | Ionic type rare earth ore bottom plate exploration method |
| CN108957521B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-06-02 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Long-distance three-dimensional advanced geological prediction method for tunnel |
| CN108957521A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | One kind is for tunnel method for forecasting advanced geology three-dimensional over long distances |
| CN109613616A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of comprehensive three-dimensional probe method of shallow survey tunnel geology |
| CN110174694A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-08-27 | 成都畅达通检测技术股份有限公司 | A kind of acquisition of advance geologic prediction data and analysis method |
| CN110349262A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-18 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A kind of tunnel geological forecast three-dimensional modeling method and system based on BIM |
| CN110349262B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2023-03-24 | 山东省交通规划设计院集团有限公司 | BIM-based three-dimensional modeling method and system for advanced geological prediction of tunnel |
| CN111090120A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-01 | 核工业井巷建设集团有限公司 | Underwater tunnel water detection method |
| CN111090120B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-04-19 | 核工业井巷建设集团有限公司 | Underwater tunnel water detection method |
| CN110988981B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-09-14 | 山东大学 | Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel |
| CN110988981A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Phased array sound wave advanced prediction system and method suitable for drilling and blasting method tunnel |
| CN111158050A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 中铁工程服务有限公司 | Data acquisition system and method and tunnel seismic wave advanced prediction method |
| CN112904348A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-04 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112904348B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-10-03 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112925010A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 | High-precision phased array elastic wave tunnel three-dimensional geological advanced prediction method |
| CN112684516A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-04-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Data processing method and related equipment for tunnel advanced prediction visual comprehensive geophysical prospecting |
| CN112684516B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Data processing method and related equipment for tunnel advanced prediction visual comprehensive geophysical prospecting |
| CN117233840A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Underground cavern full-space advanced geological prediction method based on seismic waves |
| CN117233840B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-20 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Underground cavern full-space advanced geological prediction method based on seismic waves |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |