CN111090120B - Underwater tunnel water detection method - Google Patents
Underwater tunnel water detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111090120B CN111090120B CN201911193817.4A CN201911193817A CN111090120B CN 111090120 B CN111090120 B CN 111090120B CN 201911193817 A CN201911193817 A CN 201911193817A CN 111090120 B CN111090120 B CN 111090120B
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- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water detection method for an underwater tunnel, which is used for pre-detecting underground water conditions above a vault in a way of combining a TST geological radar and advanced drilling, firstly, the detection is carried out within a range of 30 meters in front of a tunnel face through the TST geological radar, and a preliminary geological condition conclusion of the upper part of the vault is obtained by combining geological data and a TST geological forecast result diagram analysis. And then, carrying out detailed detection on uncertain factors existing in TST prediction analysis by using advanced drilling, and obtaining direct data in the aspects of strength index, drillability index, rock integrity index, underground water condition and the like of rock (body) in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel through drilling speed test, observation of the adopted drill core of the drill hole and related tests to recheck and test the predicted bad stratum, thereby providing real and reliable data support for underwater tunnel construction and being suitable for solving the problem of water detection on the upper part of the tunnel face in underwater tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of advanced water exploration, and particularly relates to a water exploration method for an underwater tunnel, which is suitable for a tunnel with a section of less than 3.0 m multiplied by 3.0.
Background
In the underwater tunnel construction, particularly, surrounding rocks on the upper part of an arch crown have high water-rich degree and good fault development, if water detection is not timely, once a water penetration accident happens, a ground river flows into a tunnel, water supply is inexhaustible, and the result is catastrophic, but the existing tunnel water inflow forecasting method comprises the following steps: the geological radar water exploration method, the infrared detector method, the drilling water exploration method, the interface position combination geological analysis method and the like have the advantages and the disadvantages of low accuracy and high cost.
Aiming at the problems, the water detection method for the underwater tunnel disclosed by the invention combines a TST geological radar water detection method and an advanced drilling water detection method, has complementary advantages and disadvantages, can reduce water detection cost and save engineering cost, and is simple, simple and convenient to operate, and has important practical significance and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the underwater tunnel water detection method which is simple in construction, low in cost and high in precision.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring data by using a TST advanced prediction technology to obtain wave velocity of surrounding rock in front of a tunnel face and a position image of a geologic body;
b. processing the acquired data through TST software to obtain a TST geological structure offset image and a wave velocity distribution map;
c. analyzing the TST geological structure migration image, the wave velocity distribution diagram and related geological data to obtain the geological condition forecast of the surrounding rock on the slope of the arch crown of the tunnel face;
d. performing advanced drilling water actual measurement, and drilling a directional borehole;
e. testing the drilling speed of the drill hole and observing the drill core of the drill hole to obtain a detailed geological report of the working face;
f. rechecking and inspecting the bad stratum in the geological report;
and d, the data acquisition in the step a is realized through a geological radar antenna, one data acquisition is determined through the cooperation of a computer keyboard and a radar control system, and the data acquisition is carried out after the antenna moves according to a fixed distance.
The processing process of the acquired data through the TST software in the step b mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seismic record data format conversion, seismic record selection, seismic data preprocessing, observation system geometric position editing, bad channel elimination, seismic wave field direction filtering, surrounding rock wave velocity analysis, geologic body migration imaging and wave velocity distribution imaging.
The concrete contents in the step d are as follows: firstly, arranging a water detecting drilling machine behind a tunnel face, and determining the working height of the water detecting drilling machine according to the size of a tunnel section; calibrating drilling positions in a geological department, wherein the drilling positions comprise a No. 1 drilling hole positioned at the top end of the arch top surface, a No. 2 drilling hole and a No. 3 drilling hole which are positioned on the arch top surface and are close to the side wall surface and are symmetrical with each other; starting the water exploration drilling machine, and respectively drilling the No. 1 drilling hole, the No. 2 drilling hole and the No. 3 drilling hole, wherein the allowable tunneling distance is D, the advance distance is C, and the side distance is E; if uncertain parts existing in geological condition forecast exist in the range defined by the detectable layer A and the safety peripheral coil, directional drilling is carried out through the water exploration drilling machine, and detailed exploration is carried out.
And e, the geological report of the step e comprises the strength index, the drillability index, the rock integrity index, the underground water condition and the like of the rock (body) in front of the tunnel face.
Preferably, the thickness of a protective layer on the upper part of the advanced drilling vault is B, B is more than or equal to 30 meters, the thickness of the explorable layer A is equal to the advance distance C, and the wall distance E of the No. 2 drill hole and the No. 3 drill hole is equal to the advance distance C.
Preferably, the tunneling distance D is allowed to be equal to 20 m, and the advance distance C is equal to or greater than 10 m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the basic situation of the tunnel face vault rock stratum is mastered through TST geological forecast, water exploration drilling holes are arranged in a targeted mode, and drilling holes are prevented from opening a rock stratum crushing zone directly connected with underground water;
2) the drilling water exploration makes up the defect that TST geological forecast needs abundant judgment experience, so that the water exploration work is visual and clear;
3) the water detection boundary protective layer on the upper portion of the vault is determined to be at least 30 meters, water detection safety and controllability are guaranteed, and the tunnel water detection device has wide practicability in the field of tunnel water detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout of a detector and an explosive source according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an antenna wire layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method of advanced drilling of water in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of directional drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-river, 2-water detection drilling machine, 3-tunnel, 4-safe peripheral line, 5-1 drill hole, 6-2 drill hole, 7-3 drill hole, a-tunnel face, B-arch top face, C-side wall face, D-tunnel bottom, A-detectable layer, B-protective layer, C-advance distance, D-allowable tunneling distance, E-slope distance, S1-S12-detector position, P1-P6 explosive source position, D1, G1, G2, B1, B2 and Y1-longitudinal wiring position.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Firstly, detecting by using a TST technology, and preliminarily grasping the crushing degree and the water-rich degree of surrounding rocks on the slope of the arch top of a tunnel face a: as shown in fig. 1, 6 detectors are sequentially arranged from two sides close to a tunnel face a, the distance is 4 meters, the buried depth is 1.2 meters, and the positions are S1-S12, wherein S6 and S7 are close to the tunnel face a; arranging 6 explosive sources in two side walls, wherein each side is 3, the first blast hole of each side is 4 meters away from the nearest detector, the distance between the other two blast holes is 24 meters, the buried depth is 1.8-2.0 meters, the explosive quantity is 500 g, and the positions are P1-P6; the hole is formed by phi 50 pneumatic drill, a millisecond detonator is singly fired, the detonation is controlled by an exploder, and the end of the exploder is coupled through stemming and blocks an orifice.
The method comprises the steps of collecting data by using a SIR-3000 geological radar 400MHZ single shielding antenna, adopting a Distance measurement mode, carrying out longitudinal wiring and transverse wiring in a detection process, wherein the number of sampling points is 512, the number of data bits is 16, the sampling frequency is 400MHZ, the dielectric constant is 10, the scanning rate is 100, the number of measurement points is 18, the length of a time window is 60ns, and as shown in figure 2, the longitudinal wiring is arranged at the top of an arch top surface b, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left wall surface c, the right wall surface c and the tunnel bottom d of a tunnel 3 respectively, the line Distance of the transverse wiring is 10-11 meters, 6-8 measurement points are arranged on each section, unqualified sections are found in the detection process, and the measurement lines or the measurement points are appropriately encrypted.
After data acquisition, the data are processed by TST software, and the process mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seismic record data format conversion, seismic record selection, seismic data preprocessing, observation system geometric position editing, bad channel elimination, seismic wave field direction filtering, surrounding rock wave velocity analysis, geologic body migration imaging and wave velocity distribution imaging. TST geological structure offset imaging plot interpretation: the abscissa is the tunnel mileage. The ordinate is the transverse distance of the tunnel, the mechanical shape of the rock body in front of the tunnel face is deduced through wave velocity distribution, the high wave velocity indicates that the rock body structure is complete and compact, the low wave velocity indicates that the rock body is broken, the blue stripe indicates the interface of the rock body from hard to soft when viewed from a deviation image, the red color indicates the interface from soft to hard, and the combination of the first blue and the second red indicates that a fracture structural zone exists.
And analyzing by combining the TST geological structure migration image, the wave velocity distribution diagram and related geological data to obtain the geological condition forecast of the surrounding rock on the slope of the tunnel face vault.
Then, advanced drilling water technology is carried out, and detailed detection is carried out: arranging a water exploration drilling machine 2 behind the tunnel face a, and determining the working height of the water exploration drilling machine 2 according to the size of the cross section of the tunnel; the geological department calibrates the drilling positions, and comprises a No. 1 drilling hole 5 positioned at the top end of the arch top surface b, and a No. 2 drilling hole 6 and a No. 3 drilling hole 7 which are positioned on the arch top surface b and are close to the side wall surface c and are symmetrical with each other; and starting the water exploration drilling machine 2, and respectively drilling a No. 1 drill hole 5, a No. 2 drill hole 6 and a No. 3 drill hole 7, wherein the allowable tunneling distance D =20 m, the advance distance C =10 m, and the side distance E =10 m.
If there is an uncertain position existing in geological condition forecast in the range defined by the detectable layer A and the safety peripheral line 4, directional drilling is performed by the water detecting drilling machine 2 for detailed detection. The method comprises the steps of testing and observing the drilling core through the drilling speed, obtaining direct data in the aspects of the strength index, the drillability index, the rock integrity index, the groundwater condition and the like of the rock (body) in front of the tunnel face a of the tunnel, rechecking and testing the forecasted bad stratum, and providing reliable data support for tunneling.
Claims (4)
1. A water detecting method for an underwater tunnel comprises the following specific steps:
a. acquiring data by using a TST advanced prediction technology to obtain wave velocity of surrounding rock in front of a tunnel face and a position image of a geologic body;
b. processing the acquired data through TST software to obtain a TST geological structure offset image and a wave velocity distribution map;
c. analyzing the TST geological structure migration image, the wave velocity distribution diagram and related geological data to obtain the geological condition forecast of the surrounding rock on the slope of the arch crown of the tunnel face;
d. performing advanced drilling water actual measurement, and drilling a directional borehole;
e. testing the drilling speed of the drill hole and observing the drill core of the drill hole to obtain a detailed geological report of the working face;
f. rechecking and inspecting the bad stratum in the geological report;
wherein, the specific content of the step d is as follows: firstly, arranging a water detecting drilling machine behind a tunnel face, and determining the working height of the water detecting drilling machine according to the size of a tunnel section; determining the positions of the drill holes, wherein the drill holes comprise a No. 1 drill hole positioned at the top end of the arch top surface, a No. 2 drill hole and a No. 3 drill hole which are positioned on the arch top surface and are close to the side wall surface and are symmetrical with each other; starting the water exploration drilling machine, and respectively drilling the No. 1 drilling hole, the No. 2 drilling hole and the No. 3 drilling hole, wherein the allowable tunneling distance is D, the advance distance is C, and the side distance is E; if an uncertain part exists in geological condition forecast in a range defined by the explorable layer A and the safety peripheral coil, drilling a directional borehole by the water exploring drilling machine to carry out detailed detection; the geological report in the step e comprises a strength index, a drillability index, a rock integrity index and an underground water condition of the rock in front of the tunnel face; the thickness of the protective layer above the vault surface is B, B is larger than or equal to 30 meters, the thickness of the detectable layer A is equal to the advance distance C, and the wall distance E of the No. 2 drill hole and the No. 3 drill hole is equal to the advance distance C.
2. The underwater tunnel water detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and c, collecting the data in the step a through a geological radar antenna.
3. The underwater tunnel water detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the processing process of the acquired data through the TST software in the step b mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seismic record data format conversion, seismic record selection, seismic data preprocessing, observation system geometric position editing, bad channel elimination, seismic wave field direction filtering, surrounding rock wave velocity analysis, geologic body migration imaging and wave velocity distribution imaging.
4. The underwater tunnel water detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the allowable tunneling distance D is equal to 20 meters, and the advance distance C is equal to or greater than 10 meters.
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Address after: No. 581, Fenghuang Road, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000 Patentee after: NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WELL AND ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 313000 4th Floor, 666 Huanzhu Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WELL AND ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION GROUP Co.,Ltd. |