CN108868777B - Comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rock - Google Patents
Comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN108868777B CN108868777B CN201810663808.6A CN201810663808A CN108868777B CN 108868777 B CN108868777 B CN 108868777B CN 201810663808 A CN201810663808 A CN 201810663808A CN 108868777 B CN108868777 B CN 108868777B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rocks, which comprises the steps of firstly, preliminarily determining large or super-large unfavorable geological bodies by a comprehensive advanced detection technology, regarding the large or super-large unfavorable geological bodies as a black box region, detecting the engineering geological condition of about 30m in front of a tunnel face in detail, pre-reinforcing the region to form advanced artificial surrounding rocks, then excavating, and detecting a detection blind area and detecting a pre-reinforcing effect in the process by means of repairing and detecting; in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face, 8-10 m of advanced artificial surrounding rock is reserved in front of the tunnel face as a reserved safety rock disk for the next cycle of exploration and treatment construction. The method is suitable for large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel construction, can insist on realizing 'no exploration and no excavation, exploring key parts and reinforcing key parts' during construction in a tunnel with high safety risk, ensures the safety and quality of tunnel construction, and has greater popularization value in large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel geology, in particular to a comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rocks.
Background
Tunnel engineering, tunnel design and engineering geological survey before construction, although the geological conditions of the tunnel are explored and evaluated to a certain extent, due to the complexity of geology, survey data and the actual situation after tunnel excavation may come in and go out greatly. A large number of tunnel projects exist in the fields of water conservancy, hydropower and traffic in China, geological disasters are key factors for restricting tunnel construction, and construction is quite blindness often caused by the fact that geology in front of a tunnel is unknown and investigation data cannot completely and accurately reflect geological conditions in front of a construction tunnel face. Tunnel geological disasters seriously restrict the design, construction period and construction cost of tunnels. How to accurately predict whether unfavorable geology such as a water-rich zone, a fault fracture zone, a karst cave river and the like exists in the tunnel construction process becomes a key problem to be solved urgently in the tunnel construction process, and the method has important guiding function on reducing blindness in the tunnel construction process and realizing safe and rapid construction.
In the tunnel construction of bad geological conditions and development, the safety risk is extremely high. The detection range and precision of the existing advanced geological prediction technology have great limitations. For example, the conventional TSP technology has a detection range of 100-150 m, but has low precision and large error, and has great limitation on the detection of poor geologic bodies with irregular shapes or parallel to the tunnel axis, such as karst caves, underground rivers and water-containing conditions of cylinders or cones. Within the detection range of 30m of the geological radar, false abnormality is often caused due to more interference factors, and misjudgment is formed. The effective detection range of the existing common horizontal drilling equipment is 50-60 m. For construction in large-scale to super-large-scale poor geologic body development and tunnels with high safety risk, the principle of 'no exploration and no excavation' is adhered to, and excavation and construction are difficult to achieve after the situation of the poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face is thoroughly explored. Therefore, for tunnel construction with large-scale to super-large-scale poor geologic body development and high safety risk, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for tunnel poor geologic surrounding rock by taking a scientific concept as guidance so as to ensure the construction safety of the high-risk tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation that the large-scale to oversize-type unfavorable geologic bodies in front of a tunnel are difficult to be accurately detected by the existing advanced geological prediction technology, the invention provides a comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rocks of the tunnel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the construction method adopting the cyclic detection and treatment comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out risk assessment by adopting a comprehensive advanced detection technology, and after preliminarily determining that the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body is obtained, regarding the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body as a black box area;
secondly, key positions in the black box region are subjected to key detection, the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock engineering in the region are found out, and physical and mechanical parameters of related rock and soil mass are obtained, so that a basis is provided for formulating a special treatment construction scheme;
thirdly, key parts in the black box area are subjected to key treatment: after a scheme and construction parameters for reinforcing the surrounding rock are determined through calculation and tests, pre-reinforcing key parts in the black box area, and pre-draining water if necessary to form advanced artificial surrounding rock; comparing and analyzing geophysical prospecting and drilling results before and after reinforcement, and detecting and analyzing a pre-reinforcement effect to determine whether reinforcement is needed;
fourthly, pre-reinforcing key parts in the black box area, forming advanced artificial surrounding rocks with enough strength, starting tunneling and excavating the tunnel face, performing supplementary detection in the process, particularly detecting the radial 6m drill bit in a small range, timely finding out a blind detection area and an area with poor reinforcing effect, and timely processing; meanwhile, monitoring and measuring deformation and stress of surrounding rocks and supporting structures are well carried out, and feedback is carried out in time so as to adjust and guide construction;
step five, in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face, advanced artificial surrounding rocks with safe thickness need to be reserved in front of the tunnel face to serve as reserved safe rock plates for next cycle detection and treatment construction; namely, after the key part in the black box area is pre-reinforced in front of the tunnel face, when the tunnel face is excavated and tunneled until the pre-reinforced advanced artificial surrounding rock has a certain safe thickness, the excavation and tunneling are stopped, the steps from two to five are repeated, and the next cycle of detection and pre-reinforcement construction is started until the tunnel passes through the black box area.
Further, in the second step, the key parts of the "black box" region that are mainly detected are: the front of the tunnel face is about 30m, and the radial direction of the tunnel profile is 8-10 m.
Further, in the third step, the key parts for key treatment in the black box region are: the front of the tunnel face is about 30m, and the radial direction of the tunnel profile is 3-5 m.
Further, the safety thickness of the advanced artificial surrounding rock reserved in the fifth step is 8-10 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problem that the existing advanced geological prediction technology is difficult to accurately find the large-to-oversize unfavorable geologic body in front of the tunnel, the concept and construction method of combining the detection and treatment of the tunnel 'black box' are adopted: firstly, preliminarily determining large or super-large unfavorable geologic bodies by a comprehensive advanced detection technology, regarding the geologic bodies as black box areas, detecting engineering geological conditions in a range of about 30m in front of a tunnel face in detail, pre-reinforcing the range to form advanced artificial surrounding rocks, excavating, and detecting blind areas and detecting pre-reinforcing effects by means of supplementary exploration in the process; in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face, 8-10 m of advanced artificial surrounding rock is reserved in front of the tunnel face as a reserved safety rock disk for the next cycle of exploration and treatment construction. The method is suitable for large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel construction, can insist on realizing 'no exploration and no excavation, exploring key parts and reinforcing key parts' during construction in a tunnel with high safety risk, ensures the safety and quality of tunnel construction, and has greater popularization value in large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for poor geological surrounding rocks of a tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of the tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rock comprehensive detection and treatment construction method;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section implemented by the comprehensive exploration and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross section diagram of the comprehensive detection and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel;
in the figure: 1. large or extra-large undesirable bodies of land; 2. a "black box" area; 3. a tunnel; 4. a palm surface; 5. advanced artificial surrounding rock; 6. a radial detection range; 7. pre-reinforcing in advance; 8. reserving a safe rock tray; 9. a secondary lining support structure; 10. primary support; 11. an inverted arch; .
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the technical solution adopted in this embodiment is:
the construction method adopting the cyclic detection and treatment comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out risk assessment by adopting a comprehensive advanced detection technology, and after preliminarily determining that the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body 1 is obtained, regarding the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body 1 as a black box area 2; the advanced detection method can use physical detection methods such as TSP (total suspended particulate), geological radar and the like and a horizontal drilling method to carry out advanced prediction on the surrounding rock of the tunnel 3, preliminarily determine the scale and the property of the unfavorable geologic body, and for example, when the unfavorable geologic body acts as a filling type cavity and the cavity diameter exceeds 50m, the cavity is regarded as a 'black box' area 2.
Secondly, under the condition of limited technical level and resources, key positions in the 'black box' area 2 are subjected to key detection, the key detection range is about 30m in front of the tunnel face, the radial detection range 6 is the range of 8-10 m in the radial direction of the tunnel contour, the surrounding rock engineering geological conditions (including the engineering geological conditions such as lithology, rock mass structure, filler and the like) and the hydrogeological conditions (including the hydrogeological conditions such as water flow, water pressure and the like) in the range are found, and relevant physical and mechanical parameters (such as parameter data including weight, cohesive force, internal friction angle and the like) of the rock and soil mass are obtained, so that a basis is provided for formulating a special management construction scheme;
step three, finding out the engineering geology about 30m in front of the tunnel face 4 in front of the tunnel 3 and the engineering geology within the range of 8-10 m in the radial direction of the outline of the tunnel 3, and determining the scheme and construction parameters for reinforcing the surrounding rock through calculation and tests, such as grouting parameters (such as slurry diffusion radius, grouting pressure, slurry type and proportion) and pipe shed or horizontal jet grouting anchor pile spacing; after the reinforcement scheme and the construction parameters are determined, performing advanced pre-reinforcement 7 within the range of about 30m in front of the tunnel 3 and within 3-5 m in the radial direction of the profile, and performing pre-drainage if necessary to form an advanced artificial surrounding rock 5. Geophysical prospecting and drilling results before and after reinforcement through contrastive analysis, for example adopt the geological radar method to contrast the surrounding rock reinforcement condition detection result, coring through the drilling, the rock sample condition around the contrast reinforcement to detect and analyze 7 effects of reinforcement in advance, with confirm whether need the reinforcement to consolidate.
And fourthly, completing the reinforcement within the range of about 30m in front of the tunnel 3 and the radial detection range (6) of the outline within 3-5 m, and after forming the advanced artificial surrounding rock 5 with enough strength, starting the tunneling and excavation of the tunnel face 4, performing supplementary detection in the process, particularly detecting in a small range of radial 6m drill rod drilling, timely discovering a blind detection area and an area with poor reinforcement effect, and timely processing. The excavation footage is controlled within 0.5m (one arch truss), the excavation of a full section or upper and lower two steps is recommended, the primary support 10 is completed in time and closed to form a ring, and simultaneously the inverted arch 11 and the secondary lining support structure 9 closely follow the tunnel face 4. In the process, monitoring and measuring of deformation of surrounding rocks and supporting structures (particularly displacement deformation conditions of arch crowns and arch springing of tunnels) and stress conditions (including stress of steel arch frames, tensile stress of anchor rods, soil pressure of surrounding rocks and the like) are required, and timely feedback is required to adjust and guide construction.
Fifthly, in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face 4, 8-10 m of advanced artificial surrounding rocks 5 are reserved in front of the tunnel face 4 as reserved safety bedrocks 8 for the next cycle of exploration and treatment construction; namely, after the front of the tunnel face 4 is pre-reinforced (7) for 30m, when the excavation and excavation of the tunnel face 4 are carried out until the pre-reinforced 7 'advanced artificial surrounding rock 5' is left for 8-10 m, the excavation and excavation must be stopped, and the next cycle of detection and pre-reinforcement 7 construction is started. Construction is circulated according to the flow until the tunnel 3 passes through the black box area 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problem that the existing advanced geological prediction technology is difficult to accurately detect the large-to-oversize unfavorable geologic body 1 in front of a tunnel 3, the concept and construction method of combining the detection and treatment of a tunnel black box are adopted: firstly, preliminarily determining a large-scale to super-large-scale poor geologic body 1 by a comprehensive advanced detection technology, regarding the geologic body as a black box region 2, detecting the engineering geological condition of about 30m in front of a tunnel face 4 in detail, carrying out advanced pre-reinforcement 7 on the range to form an advanced artificial surrounding rock 5, then excavating, and finding out a detection blind area and detecting the effect of the advanced pre-reinforcement 7 by a supplementary probe in the process; in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face 4, 8-10 m of advanced artificial surrounding rocks 5 are reserved in front of the tunnel face 4 as reserved safety rock beds 8 for the next cycle of exploration and treatment construction. The method is suitable for the construction of the large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel 3, can insist on realizing 'no exploration and no excavation, key part exploration and key part reinforcement' when the tunnel 3 with high safety risk is constructed, ensures the construction safety and quality of the tunnel 3, and has great popularization value in the construction of the large-scale to extra-large-scale unfavorable geological tunnel 3.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive exploration and treatment construction method for tunnel unfavorable geological surrounding rock is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method adopting the cyclic detection and treatment comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out risk assessment by adopting a comprehensive advanced detection technology, and after preliminarily determining that the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body is obtained, regarding the large or oversize unfavorable geologic body as a black box area;
secondly, key positions in the black box region are subjected to key detection, the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock engineering in the region are found out, and physical and mechanical parameters of related rock and soil mass are obtained, so that a basis is provided for formulating a special treatment construction scheme;
thirdly, key parts in the black box region are subjected to key treatment, after a scheme and construction parameters for reinforcing the surrounding rock are determined through calculation and tests, the key parts in the black box region are pre-reinforced, pre-drainage is performed if necessary to form advanced artificial surrounding rock, and pre-reinforcement effects are detected and analyzed through comparing and analyzing geophysical prospecting and drilling results before and after reinforcement to determine whether reinforcement is needed or not;
step four, completing the pre-reinforcement of key parts in the black box area, forming advanced artificial surrounding rocks with enough strength, excavating and tunneling the tunnel face, performing supplementary detection in the process, timely discovering blind detection areas and areas with poor reinforcement effect, and timely processing the blind detection areas and the areas; meanwhile, monitoring and measuring deformation and stress of surrounding rocks and supporting structures are well carried out, and feedback is carried out in time so as to adjust and guide construction;
step five, in order to ensure the safety of the working of the tunnel face, advanced artificial surrounding rocks with safe thickness need to be reserved in front of the tunnel face to serve as reserved safe rock plates for next cycle detection and treatment construction; and repeating the second step to the fifth step, and starting the next cycle of detection and pre-reinforcement construction until the tunnel passes through the black box area.
2. The comprehensive exploration and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the second step, key parts mainly detected in the black box region are as follows: the front of the tunnel face is about 30m, and the radial direction of the tunnel profile is 8-10 m.
3. The comprehensive exploration and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the third step, the key parts for key treatment in the black box region are as follows: the front of the tunnel face is about 30m, and the radial direction of the tunnel profile is 3-5 m.
4. The comprehensive exploration and treatment construction method for the unfavorable geological surrounding rock of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the safety thickness of the reserved advanced artificial surrounding rock in the fifth step is 8-10 m.
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| CN111274639B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2022-08-26 | 西南交通大学 | Method for judging minimum safe thickness of water-resisting layer damaged by water outburst of tunnel face crack |
| CN112485823B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-07-01 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | High-efficiency comprehensive advanced geological prediction method |
| CN112727473A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Pre-anchoring rapid tunneling construction method for high-ground-stress large-deformation tunnel |
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| CN103389527A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-11-13 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | Method and system for forecasting tunnel geology |
| CN103389525B (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-12-23 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | The forecasting procedure of tunnel geology and system |
| CN105334548A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-17 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | Geological forecasting method for tunnel construction in karst area |
| CN106837351A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中南大学 | Tunnel Karst water detects Treatment Methods |
| CN107367772B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-02-12 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of advanced prediction method of prediction tunnel front unfavorable geology |
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