CN110221341A - A kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method - Google Patents
A kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110221341A CN110221341A CN201910596489.6A CN201910596489A CN110221341A CN 110221341 A CN110221341 A CN 110221341A CN 201910596489 A CN201910596489 A CN 201910596489A CN 110221341 A CN110221341 A CN 110221341A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2200/00—Details of seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting in general
- G01V2200/10—Miscellaneous details
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction methods, including carry out surrounding enviroment exploration to driving tunnel and carry out mapping；Geophysical prospecting exploration is carried out to driving tunnel, determines bad geological section；It carries out Advance Drilling method and treats the progress unfavorable geology data acquisition of driving tunnel area and confirmation；Carry out unfavorable geology advanced prediction；Wherein, geophysical prospecting includes seismic reflection method, infrared detecting method and geologic radar detection, and after surrounding enviroment are carried out with exploration and mapping, determine borehole position, angle of aspect and tuning angle, geological exploration is carried out to driving tunnel overall length by seismic reflection method again, it determines the suspicious location of unfavorable geology, while obtaining the preliminary geologic data in the suspicious location of unfavorable geology using infrared detecting method and geologic radar detection, determine bad geological section.It by above-mentioned setting, is gradually reduced the scope from big to small to driving tunnel geology, accuracy steps up, and improves unfavorable geology and forecasts accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock and soil engineering detection technical fields, in particular to a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction side
Method.
Background technique
Constructing tunnel is always a high-tech and highly difficult work progress, not only due to the driving and branch in tunnel
It is larger to protect difficulty, while also will receive the big influence of rock mass difficulties in exploration.Currently, advance geologic prediction is the base in Tunnel Design
On plinth, tunnel unfavorable geology and construction geology disaster to guarantee safety for tunnel engineering, instructing Inspection of Tunnel Quality and carry out surpass
Preceding forecast work.Meanwhile for different geographical environments, the method for advance geologic prediction used in constructing tunnel is also different,
Site operation personnel are needed to combine on-site actual situations progress is a degree of to grope, although there is certain prior art that can make
For foundation, but survey that mode is more single, can not accurate forecast tunnel geological condition.
Summary of the invention
It is pre- in advance in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology
Reporting method, method system is clear, it is accurate to explore various informative and result.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology
Advanced prediction method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 carries out surrounding enviroment exploration to driving tunnel using geologic survey method and carries out mapping；
Step 2 carries out geophysical prospecting exploration to driving tunnel, determines bad geological section；
Step 3 carries out Advance Drilling method and treats the progress unfavorable geology data acquisition of driving tunnel area and confirmation；
Step 4, the data obtained according to step 3 and as a result, progress unfavorable geology advanced prediction；
Wherein, the geophysical prospecting in step 2 includes seismic reflection method, infrared detecting method and geologic radar detection, and passes through step
After a pair of of surrounding enviroment carry out exploration and mapping, borehole position, angle of aspect and tuning angle are determined, then pass through seismic reflection
Method carries out geological exploration to driving tunnel overall length, determines the suspicious location of unfavorable geology, while using infrared detecting method and geology thunder
The preliminary geologic data that the suspicious location of unfavorable geology is obtained up to detection, determines bad geological section.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, pass through the Advance Drilling method of geological exploration overall over long distances again gradually to the end
Directly measurement can further limit in unfavorable geology region to the geological condition in front of development end, and construction is allowed to be predicted in advance
There may be the region of geological problem, corresponding preparation can be carried out in advance, while using Advance Drilling method direct detection, Ke Yi
Front geological is directly detected before construction, and opens up quantity and position in conjunction with first two steps selection horizontal drilling, thus
Unfavorable geology is further detected and positioned, the case where finding unfavorable geology after construction blasting is avoided, can play
The good function that gives warning in advance, and applicable surface is wider, and a variety of unfavorable geologies can be played with good advanced prediction and made
With.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when being surveyed using seismic reflection method, from front to back several times to being applied
Work tunnel whole process carries out long range prediction, and synchronous recording long range prediction result；And it carries out every time pre- over long distances
Survey is given the correct time in advance, is all made of the tunnel seismic survey instrument and is carried out long range detection to the geological state in front of development end；The tunnel
Earthquake survey meter investigative range in road is the long range search coverage in front of development end within the scope of 100m~150m.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, when survey over long distances, it is performed in multiple times the prediction of constructing tunnel full distance, it can
The exploration of degree of precision, while the geological state in front of development end are carried out to the whole region of required construction on the whole
When also detect over long distances, it can ensure to find unfavorable geology in time in each construction driving, to improve advanced prediction
Accuracy.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when seismic reflection method surveys, detected, and determined using tunnel seismic survey instrument
When bore position, borehole drilling is laid in the side tunnel side wall for seeing main unfavorable geology at first, away from the last one big gun
Sensor sleeve drilling is laid at eye 15-20m, and sensor sleeve drilling is arranged symmetrically along two wall of tunnel.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, when tunnel seismic survey instrument is detected, the determination of bore position is directly affected
The accuracy of result anticipation can be improved using the drilling of above-mentioned position in the accuracy of detection result.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when infrared detecting method carries out geology detecting, using infrared detecting water probe method, obtain
Aqueous body position and scale data in front of development end within the scope of 100m~150m, comprising:
Detection section starting point from development end rear lays measuring point by 5m spacing, Infrared line visits water instrument and measures the first of each measuring point
Beginning field strength repeats to measure to the changed measuring point of field strength, and does laterally with vertical scanning, and measuring point field strength is very big where record
With minimum, using infra-red radiation field strength as ordinate, measuring point is abscissa, draw infra-red detection curve graph, according to curve graph
Aqueous body position and scale in front of development end are judged using trend extrapolation, obtain data.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the knot obtained in conjunction with the seismic reflection method of preamble and Advance Drilling method measurement
Fruit detects the aqueous situation of bad geological section of 30m left-right position in front of development end, can accurately position bad water body
Position and scale be convenient for subsequent construction.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the Advance Drilling method includes the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement and intensification blasthole
Probe method is supplemented to take horizontal drilling equipment to drill through depth in development end to be when the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement detects
The level detection hole of 25 ± 5m obtains the unfavorable geology data in region to be tunneled and is confirmed with the result in step 2.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement detects, need to combine in step 2
Result be arranged drilling hole amount and position: when step 2 detect the result is that when there is no unfavorable geology, tunneling
Middle face position level drills through a drilling, when step 2 detect the result is that there are suspicious geology/unfavorable geologies
When, while the medium position of development end drills through a drilling, it is also desirable to it is opposite with unfavorable geology position to drill through at least one
The drilling answered.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, front geological is directly visited by advance drilling inspecting hole before formal explosion
It surveys, and result can be mutually authenticated with step 2, provides most direct guidance to subsequent bursting work.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when the intensification blasthole supplement probe method carries out supplement detection, set using drilling
It is standby that multiple intensification blastholes in horizontal direction laying and depth for 5m~10m are drilled through in development end, and according to conventional advanced water
The prediction methods in flat drill hole are detected, and benefit of the unfavorable geology detection data as the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement is obtained
It makes up the number evidence.
It,, can be again by handling part blasthole intensification when final step explosion by using above-mentioned technical proposal
The data of front geological are obtained, as the data supplement detected to Advance Drilling method, obtain the further data of unfavorable geology.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: following at least one feature need to be met when determining suspicious location in step 2: can
The fault belt position of collapsing 50m3 or more is caused, rich water position that water burst speed is 50m3/h or more can be caused, is prominent
The unfavorable geology position of mud gushing water.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when carrying out unfavorable geology advanced prediction in step 4, it is thus necessary to determine that including following
One of situation: there are water fathering, bad geological sections there is landslide for bad geological section, bad geological section has prominent mud gushing water, bad
There are Gas Outbursts there are rock burst, bad geological section for geology section.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, timely detection is carried out to a variety of unfavorable geologies and is explored, it is accurate convenient for issuing
Advance geologic prediction is conducive to the safety for improving subsequent construction.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages: exploration context arrives practical excavation operation again from big to small, gradually
Exploration context is tightened, and each step has corresponding exploitation method, and mutually confirms between multiple steps and method, mode is not
Single again and result is precisely reliable, improves the practicability of advanced prediction in constructing tunnel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment, a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 carries out surrounding enviroment exploration to driving tunnel using geologic survey method and carries out mapping.
Mapping includes that rock stratum lithology and rock position prediction, ribbon unfavorable geologic body influence length of tunnel prediction and not
Good geologic body influences length of tunnel prediction, specifically, by the mapping for carrying out rock stratum to development end, measurement rock stratum produce dress and
Mineralogical composition and its content, structure characteristics, distinctive mark, the development end front i.e. side of rock are observed and obtained to thickness
Stable state, the attitude of rocks, lithology rate of decay, developmental joint fissure degree, jetting cement cracking chip off-falling situation, water burst situation,
At least one of water quality situation, bad air concentration etc. data cases.
Development end rock stratum is measured again at a distance from the significant rock stratum in region to be tunneled or interface, and calculates its perpendicular slice
Thickness, then development end rock stratum is compared with earth's surface actual measurement stratigraphic section and earth's surface histogram, it determines in top stratum layer
Position and layer position in sequence.
Finally, the rock stratum sequence according to actual measurement stratigraphic section and stratigraphic column, detects achievement in conjunction with TSP, is inferred to
Position and scale of the rock stratum in tunnel existing for overall length in preset range or in driving region in front of development end, while periodically
Earth's surface hydrological environment is observed and monitoring record, the timely influence for understanding constructing tunnel to surface water determine working measure,
It is final to draw geologic sketch map and barrel Geo logical layout.
Step 2 carries out geophysical prospecting exploration to driving tunnel, determines that bad geological section, geophysical prospecting include seismic reflection
Method, infrared detecting method and geologic radar detection, and after step 1 carries out exploration and mapping to surrounding enviroment, determine big gun
Eye position, angle of aspect and tuning angle, then geological exploration is carried out to driving tunnel overall length by seismic reflection method, it determines poorly
The suspicious location of matter, while using the preliminarily prime number of infrared detecting method and the geologic radar detection acquisition suspicious location of unfavorable geology
According to determining bad geological section.
When being surveyed using seismic reflection method, institute's construction tunnel whole process is carried out several times from front to back pre- over long distances
Survey forecast, and synchronous recording long range prediction result；And when carrying out long range prediction every time, it is all made of the tunnel
Seismic survey instrument carries out long range detection to the geological state in front of development end；The tunnel seismic survey instrument investigative range is pick
Long range search coverage within the scope of side 100m~150m in front.When seismic reflection method surveys, visited using tunnel earthquake
When surveying instrument detection, and determining borehole position, borehole drilling is laid in the side tunnel side wall for seeing main unfavorable geology at first,
It drills away from laying sensor sleeve at the last one borehole 15-20m, and sensor sleeve drilling is along the symmetrical cloth of two wall of tunnel
It sets.Seismic wave is generated by the small range explosion in borehole, and is received by electronic sensor, when seismic wave encounters change of rock strength
When big interface, at Diffraction Point, the energy of part ejected wave is reflected back.
When being detected using TSP203, after receiver and sensor are installed 12h, blashole charge, sensing are carried out
Device insertion and functional test, then ignite blast hole, carry out seismic signal record to every separate explosion, according to record data judgement
Rock geology situation.And during acquiring data, stop all constructions in Tunnel, when reducing collected data as far as possible
The interference received.
When infrared detecting method carries out geology detecting, using infrared detecting water probe method, obtain 100m in front of development end~
Aqueous body position and scale data within the scope of 150m, comprising: the detection section starting point from development end rear is laid by 5m spacing
Measuring point, Infrared line visit water instrument and measure the initial field strength of each measuring point, repeat to measure to the changed measuring point of field strength, and do cross
It is scanned to vertical, records the very big and minimum of place measuring point field strength, using infra-red radiation field strength as ordinate, measuring point is horizontal seat
Mark, draw infra-red detection curve graph, according to curve graph using trend extrapolation judge aqueous body position in front of development end and
Scale obtains data.
When being detected using geological radar, control investigative range is especially to determine in infrared detecting method bad in 30m
After suspicious water body in geology, then it is aided with geological radar and is checked, and then determines the unfavorable geology position in driving region tunnel
And scale, it is more accurate particularly with the water content construction of unfavorable geology.
Meanwhile following at least one feature need to be met when determining suspicious location: the tomography of collapsing 50m3 or more can be caused broken
It is broken with position, the unfavorable geology position of rich water position, prominent mud gushing water that water burst speed is 50m3/h or more can be caused
Step 3 carries out Advance Drilling method and treats the progress unfavorable geology data acquisition of driving tunnel area and confirmation.
Advance Drilling method includes the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement and intensification blasthole supplement probe method, the advance drilling inspecting hole
When the direct method of measurement detects, takes horizontal drilling equipment to drill through the level detection hole that depth is 30m in development end, obtain wait tunnel
The unfavorable geology data in region are simultaneously confirmed with the result in step 2.
When the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement detects, need that the result in step 2 is combined to be arranged drilling hole amount and position
Set: when step 2 detect the result is that when there is no unfavorable geology, drill through a drilling in development end medium position level
, when step 2 detect the result is that there are when suspicious geology/unfavorable geology, drill through one in the medium position of development end
While a drilling, it is also desirable to drill through at least one drilling corresponding with unfavorable geology position.Advance Drilling is carried out to tunnel
When, the data of collection include: testing bore holes rate of penetration, observe drilling core, pre-set test is carried out to drilling core,
To obtain strength criterion, drillability index, formation lithology data, rock mass completeness and the underground of square rock in face of tunnel piercing
Aqueous condition data.
When intensification blasthole supplement probe method carries out supplement detection, drilled through in development end using drilling device multiple in horizontal
To laying and depth is the intensification blasthole of 5m~10m, and is visited according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole
It surveys, obtains supplementary data of the unfavorable geology detection data as the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement.
It is super to carry out unfavorable geology for step 4, data obtained according to step 3 and as a result, carry out unfavorable geology advanced prediction
Preceding pre- to give the correct time, it is thus necessary to determine that including one of following situations: there are water fathering, bad geological sections there is landslide, no for bad geological section
Good geology section has that prominent mud gushing water, there are Gas Outbursts there are rock burst, bad geological section for bad geological section.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 carries out surrounding enviroment exploration to driving tunnel using geologic survey method and carries out mapping；
Step 2 carries out geophysical prospecting exploration to driving tunnel, determines bad geological section；
Step 3 carries out Advance Drilling method and treats the progress unfavorable geology data acquisition of driving tunnel area and confirmation；
Step 4, the data obtained according to step 3 and as a result, progress unfavorable geology advanced prediction；
Wherein, the geophysical prospecting in step 2 includes seismic reflection method, infrared detecting method and geologic radar detection, and passes through step
After a pair of of surrounding enviroment carry out exploration and mapping, borehole position, angle of aspect and tuning angle are determined, then pass through seismic reflection
Method carries out geological exploration to driving tunnel overall length, determines the suspicious location of unfavorable geology, while using infrared detecting method and geology thunder
The preliminary geologic data that the suspicious location of unfavorable geology is obtained up to detection, determines bad geological section.
2. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: use earthquake
When wave reflection method is surveyed, long range prediction, and synchronous note are carried out to institute's construction tunnel whole process several times from front to back
Record long range prediction result；And when carrying out long range prediction every time, the tunnel seismic survey instrument is all made of to pick
Long range detection is carried out into geological state square in front；The tunnel seismic survey instrument investigative range is 100m in front of development end
Long range search coverage within the scope of~150m.
3. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: seismic wave is anti-
When penetrating method exploration, when detecting using tunnel seismic survey instrument, and determining borehole position, main unfavorable geology is being seen at first
Side tunnel side wall lays borehole drilling, drills away from laying sensor sleeve at the last one borehole 15-20m, and sensor
Cased bore-bole is arranged symmetrically along two wall of tunnel.
4. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: infrared acquisition
When method carries out geology detecting, using infrared detecting water probe method, the water content in front of development end within the scope of 100m~150m is obtained
Position and scale data, comprising:
Detection section starting point from development end rear lays measuring point by 5m spacing, Infrared line visits water instrument and measures the first of each measuring point
Beginning field strength repeats to measure to the changed measuring point of field strength, and does laterally with vertical scanning, and measuring point field strength is very big where record
With minimum, using infra-red radiation field strength as ordinate, measuring point is abscissa, draw infra-red detection curve graph, according to curve graph
Aqueous body position and scale in front of development end are judged using trend extrapolation, obtain data.
5. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described advanced
Probing method includes the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement and deepens blasthole supplement probe method, and the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement is visited
When survey, takes horizontal drilling equipment to drill through the level detection hole that depth is 25 ± 5m in development end, obtain region to be tunneled not
Good geologic data is simultaneously confirmed with the result in step 2.
6. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described advanced
When the drilling hole direct method of measurement detects, needs that the result in step 2 is combined to be arranged drilling hole amount and position: working as step 2
Detect obtaining the result is that drilling through a drilling there is no when unfavorable geology in development end medium position level, working as step
Two detect obtaining the result is that drilling through the same of a drilling in the medium position of development end there are when suspicious geology/unfavorable geology
When, it is also desirable to drill through at least one drilling corresponding with unfavorable geology position.
7. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the intensification
When blasthole supplement probe method carries out supplement detection, drilled through in development end using drilling device multiple in horizontal direction laying and depth
It for the intensification blasthole of 5m~10m, and is detected, is obtained bad according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole
Supplementary data of the geology detecting data as the advance drilling inspecting hole direct method of measurement.
8. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2
Following at least one feature need to be met when determining suspicious location: can cause collapsing 50m3 or more fault belt position,
It can cause the unfavorable geology position for the rich water position, prominent mud gushing water that water burst speed is 50m3/h or more.
9. a kind of constructing tunnel unfavorable geology advanced prediction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4
When carrying out unfavorable geology advanced prediction, it is thus necessary to determine that including one of following situations: there are water fatherings, unfavorable geology for bad geological section
There is landslide in section, bad geological section has prominent mud gushing water, there are Gas Outbursts there are rock burst, bad geological section for bad geological section.
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| CN110794478A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-14 | 中铁十局集团有限公司 | Comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in non-coal measure stratum tunnel |
| CN110794478B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-10-29 | 中铁十局集团有限公司 | Comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in non-coal measure stratum tunnel |
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| CN111764964B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-06-10 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Detection method of goaf |
| CN111708079A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-25 | 西南石油大学 | Tunnel harmful gas comprehensive advanced prediction method based on TSP |
| CN111708079B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-04-01 | 西南石油大学 | Tunnel harmful gas comprehensive advanced prediction method based on TSP |
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| CN112485823B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-07-01 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | High-efficiency comprehensive advanced geological prediction method |
| CN112817041A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 中铁十九局集团第六工程有限公司 | Advanced geological prediction method for tillite tunnel |
| CN113050085A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 北京市水利规划设计研究院 | Advanced geological prediction method |
| CN115346141A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-11-15 | 山东大学 | Method and system for identifying unfavorable geology through integration of sky, space, ground, tunnel and hole |
| CN115761038A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-03-07 | 山东大学 | Tunnel face geological sketch method and system based on image spectrum technology |
| CN115761038B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-06-30 | 山东大学 | Tunnel face geological sketch method and system based on image spectrum technology |
| CN116044374A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-02 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程设计研究院 | Mountain area underground engineering mouth geological survey method and plugging device |
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