CN113219522B - Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an earthquake advance prediction and observation system and method mounted on a shield, including a ring-shaped observation equipment storage cabin distributed along the circumference of the shield, and the observation equipment storage cabin accommodates a shock exciter and a geophone, so Both the shock exciter and the geophone are equipped with automatic telescopic parts, which can drive the shock exciter and the geophone to expand and contract along the direction of the automatic telescopic rod, so as to strike the rock to excite seismic waves, or realize the automatic radial expansion and installation of the geophone; The other end of the telescopic piece is slidably connected with the slide rail, which can provide a sliding track for the shock exciter and control the front and rear sliding of the shock exciter. Change the shock location.

Description

An advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method mounted on a shield

technical field

The disclosure belongs to the field of advance prediction of adverse geology in construction tunnels, and in particular relates to an earthquake advance prediction observation system and method mounted on a shield.

Background technique

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

At present, my country has developed into the country with the largest tunnel construction scale, the fastest development speed, and the most difficult construction in the world. The vigorous development of tunnel construction has placed huge demands on safe and efficient tunnel construction. However, construction tunnels have high requirements on the quality of the surrounding rock and poor adaptability to adverse geology. During construction, it is necessary to promptly and accurately ascertain the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face and actively deal with them, otherwise it is very easy to cause water and mud inrush, Sudden disasters such as landslides can affect the construction progress at least, and cause disastrous consequences of machine crashes and fatalities, which seriously restrict the progress and development of tunnel construction technology. Therefore, how to conduct timely and accurate advanced geological prediction during tunnel excavation to ascertain the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face has become an important issue and challenge for safe and efficient tunnel construction.

The advanced prediction methods for tunnel construction mainly include advanced drilling, electrical method, and seismic wave type. Seismic wave type advanced prediction technology is a more commonly used method. Seismic wave advance prediction methods for construction tunnels usually use artificial or mechanical seismic sources to generate seismic waves by shocking the side walls behind the shield, and arrange geophones on the left and right side walls for reception. By processing and analyzing the received signals, the seismic waves in front of the tunnel face Geological condition. In this detection method, the seismic source can only be excited vertically to the side wall, and its main energy component is transmitted vertically to the side wall, and the energy component propagating to the front of the tunnel face is relatively weak, and the front of the tunnel face is what we focus on In the detection area, the effective reflected wave energy received by the geophone from the front of the face is relatively weak; on the other hand, since the excitation point and the geophone point are far away from the face, especially for broken surrounding In this case, the energy loss of the seismic wave is strong during the propagation process of the surrounding rock, and the energy of the reflected signal received by the geophone is further weakened. It is impossible to increase the energy transmitted to the front of the face, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present disclosure proposes an advanced earthquake prediction and observation system and method mounted on the shield. The present disclosure enhances the propagation to the front of the tunnel face by changing the location of the shock and installing the seismic source and the detector integrated on the shield. Effective shock energy can be used to obtain seismic observation data with a high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby further improving the detection effect of unfavorable geological conditions ahead of the construction tunnel.

According to some implementation cases, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

An advanced earthquake prediction observation system mounted on a shield, including:

The annular observation equipment storage cabin distributed along the shield circumference, the observation equipment storage cabin contains a shock exciter and a geophone, and the shock exciter and geophone are equipped with automatic telescopic parts, which can drive the vibration exciter and geophone along the The automatic telescopic rod stretches in the direction, so as to hit the rock to excite the seismic wave, or realize the automatic radial stretching and installation of the geophone;

The other end of the automatic telescopic part connected to the shock exciter is slidingly connected with the slide rail, which can provide a sliding track for the shock exciter and control the front and rear sliding of the shock exciter. Excitation angle to flexibly change the excitation position.

As a further limitation, the observation equipment storage cabin is provided with a ring-shaped automatic retractable hatch, which can close the observation equipment storage cabin during the excavation process of the construction tunnel, and automatically open the hatch during the advanced geological exploration process to extend the geophone and shock exciters to carry out advanced geological exploration as required.

As a further limitation, when the annular automatic telescopic hatch is closed, the outer wall of the annular automatic telescopic hatch remains flush with the outer wall of the shield.

As a further limitation, the annular observation equipment storage compartment includes multiple compartments, 8 shock absorber compartments are equidistantly distributed near the front of the storage compartment, and several geophone compartments are equidistantly distributed near the rear of the storage compartment.

As a further limitation, the vibration exciter moves forward and backward along the vibration exciter slide rail according to actual construction conditions.

As a further limitation, the automatic telescopic member connected to the shock exciter can rotate left and right with the axis of the main body of the shock exciter as the axis.

As a further limitation, the circumferential rotation angle of the automatic telescopic member connected to the shock exciter is 0-45°, and the maximum rotatable angle value in a single direction is 22.5°.

As a further limitation, a slider is connected to the end of the automatic telescopic element connected to the shock exciter, the slider is slidably connected to the slide rail, and the movement of the slider is driven by a driving member.

As a further definition, the shock exciters are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shield.

As a further limitation, the geophones are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shield.

Based on the working method of the above system, during the tunnel excavation process, the outer wall of the ring-shaped telescopic door contacts the surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; during the detection process, the ring-shaped automatic telescopic door is opened, and the telescopic door is stored behind the shield. The geophone in the cabin extends out, touches and fits closely on the surrounding rock surface;

According to the actual excavation conditions of the tunnel, calculate the backward sliding length and left and right rotation angle along the slide rail, and the automatic telescopic part drives the shock exciter to rotate in turn according to the calculated value, slide backward along the slide rail, stretch out and then hammer the surrounding rock/surrounding rock The position at the junction with the face of the face realizes shocking;

The seismic wave generated by the shocker hammering the rock propagates forward. When encountering bad geology, the seismic wave is reflected and transmitted back. The geophones installed on the surrounding rock receive the seismic signal, perform data processing and interpretation, and give the geological prediction ahead. .

After the prediction is complete, each device is recycled.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:

Most of the existing seismic wave advanced detection devices set the geophone at the position of the shell behind the shield. In this disclosure, the position of the geophone is advanced to the shield, so that the seismic wave signal reflected back from the bad geological interface will shorten the transmission distance in the surrounding rock and cause signal loss. Reduced, the utilization rate of reflected wave energy can be improved.

Compared with the traditional artificial geophone layout device, the present disclosure can automatically arrange the geophone while reducing the noise caused by the unstable attachment of the geophone to the surrounding rock. Most of the existing geophone deployment devices attach the geophones to the surrounding rock by manually applying coupling agent. If the geophones are not firmly attached, it will easily cause noise. The automatic geophone deployment device proposed in this disclosure can not only realize automatic mechanical construction , and at the same time provide support perpendicular to the surrounding rock when the geophone fits the surrounding rock, effectively reducing the noise caused by the instability of the geophone fitting the surrounding rock.

Compared with the arrangement of the existing automatic geophones, the present disclosure can reduce the noise caused by too flexible support rods of the geophones. The automatic geophone telescopic device proposed in the present disclosure can only be stretched and cannot be slid or rotated. Compared with the existing automatic geophone deployment device, the noise caused by the vibration of the telescopic rod when the geophone is attached to the surrounding rock is reduced.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present disclosure are used to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present disclosure.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the position of the observation equipment storage cabin on the body;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal observation device and hatch layout of the equipment storage compartment;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the storage cabin and the cabin door of the tunneling state observation equipment;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the observation equipment storage cabin in the detection state (automatic telescopic shock shocker hammering surrounding rock);

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the observation equipment storage cabin in the detection state (when the automatic telescopic shock exciter hammers the position at the junction of the face and the surrounding rock);

Among them: 1 indicates the hob, 2 indicates the cutter head, 3 indicates the ring-shaped automatic retractable hatch, 4 indicates the observation equipment storage compartment, 5 indicates the shield, 6 indicates the main beam, 7 indicates the automatic retractable geophone, and 8 indicates the automatic retractable shock Device, 9 represents the exciter slide rail, and 10 represents the slide rail support rod.

Detailed ways:

The present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is only for describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.

In this disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom" etc. refer to The orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relative term determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship between the components or elements of the present disclosure. Public restrictions.

In this disclosure, terms such as "fixed", "connected", and "connected" should be interpreted in a broad sense, which means that they can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; they can be connected directly or through an intermediate connection. The medium is indirectly connected. For relevant researchers or technicians in the field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined according to specific situations, and should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, an advanced earthquake prediction observation system mounted on a shield includes:

The automatic telescopic shock exciter can realize the automatic telescoping of the shock exciter to hit the rock to excite the seismic wave, and it can rotate left and right around the central axis;

The automatic telescopic geophone can realize the automatic radial telescopic expansion and installation of the geophone;

The observation equipment storage cabin can accommodate the automatic telescopic shock exciter and the automatic telescopic geophone;

The exciter slide rail can provide a sliding track for the automatic telescopic exciter to control the front and rear sliding of the automatic telescopic exciter.

The support rod of the slide rail can automatically extend and retract to raise the rear end of the slide rail to control the shock angle.

The ring-shaped automatic retractable hatch can close the observation equipment storage cabin during the excavation process of the construction tunnel, and automatically open the hatch during the advanced geological exploration process, extend the automatic telescopic geophone and the automatic telescopic shocker, and conduct advanced geological exploration as required .

The automatic telescopic shock exciter is installed in the ring-shaped observation equipment storage cabin set at the position of the shield. In this embodiment, there are 8 in total, and they are distributed equidistantly at the bottom of the storage cabin near the front of the shield. The automatic telescopic shock exciter can be According to the actual construction situation, move forward and backward along the exciter slide rail, and turn left and right with the central axis of the main body of the exciter as the axis. The maximum rotatable angle in one direction is 22.5 degrees.

Compared with the existing seismic wave excitation device, the advantages of this embodiment are mainly reflected in two aspects:

Compared with the existing seismic wave advanced detection shock device, the artificial shock source is set at the shell behind the shield. This embodiment further improves the utilization rate of shock energy by changing the source energy component and shortening the source signal transmission distance. In this embodiment, the source position is advanced to the shield, and the shock is carried out near the surrounding rock near the tunnel face or at the junction of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock. When hammering the surrounding rock near the face of the hammer, because the shock position is advanced, the transmission distance of the source signal in the surrounding rock is shortened, the signal loss is reduced, and the utilization rate of the shock energy is improved. When hammering the junction between the face of the face and the surrounding rock, the source signal components are changed from the original shear wave as the main component and the longitudinal wave as the supplementary to the longitudinal wave as the main component and the shear wave as the supplementary component. , the utilization rate of shock energy can be further improved.

Compared with the existing automatic vibration excitation device, this embodiment can guarantee vibration stability while ensuring full coverage of vibration along the excavation direction. The automatic shock device proposed in this embodiment can only slide and not rotate along the direction of the tunnel boring machine, and can only rotate and not slide in the vertical direction of excavation (the maximum rotation angle is 22.5 degrees). Eight automatic telescopic shock devices are evenly distributed in the ring observation equipment storage The position in front of the cabin, so as to realize the full coverage shock in the direction parallel to the palm surface; in addition, this embodiment automatically controls the vibration exciter to slide backward along the slide rail, and then the slide rail support rod rises to raise the slide rail (which can form a stable triangular structure ), and furthermore, the way of adjusting the angle at the bottom of the automatic telescopic shock exciter realizes the vibration at the junction of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock or near the surrounding rock of the tunnel face, and the shock is more stable; in summary, this embodiment can realize omnidirectional and stable , Automatic shock.

The automatic telescopic geophones are installed in the ring-shaped observation equipment storage compartment set at the position of the shield. There are 16 pieces in total. They are distributed equidistantly at the bottom of the storage compartment near the rear of the shield. The automatic telescopic geophones can be stretched back and forth perpendicular to the surrounding rock direction , has no orbit and cannot be rotated.

Embodiment 1. When the automatic telescopic shock exciter hammers the surrounding rock, the working conditions can be shown in Figure 4. The observation equipment cabin is set in a groove at the shield position, and the cabin door is set as a ring-shaped automatic telescopic cabin door. During the excavation process of the construction tunnel , the ring-shaped automatic telescopic door is closed, and the outer wall of the ring-shaped automatic door is kept flush with the outer wall of the shield. At this time, the outer wall of the ring-shaped door contacts the surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; The telescopic hatch is opened, and the telescopic door is stored behind the shield. The automatic telescopic geophone in the cabin protrudes from the space of the original ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch, and contacts and closely fits on the surrounding rock surface; the control center according to the actual tunnel excavation conditions Calculate the backward sliding length along the slide rail and the left and right rotation angle, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates to the left (right) according to the calculated value, and slides backward along the slide rail, and the automatic telescopic shock exciter protrudes in the space of the original ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch Then the surrounding rock is hammered to achieve vibration, and the vibration is completed (the vibration process can be excited by multiple or all exciters at the same time, or by a single exciter in sequence). The seismic wave generated by the shocker hammering the rock propagates forward. When encountering bad geology, the seismic wave is reflected and transmitted back. The 16 geophones installed on the surrounding rock (the geophone and the source overlap in the figure) receive the seismic signal and transmit it to the control center. Carry out data processing and interpretation, and at the same time give geological predictions ahead. Then the automatic telescopic geophone is retracted, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates to the initial position, the automatic telescopic shock exciter slides along the slide rail to the initial position of the slide rail, and then the slide rail falls to the position of the bilge, and the ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch is automatically closed, again for The surrounding rock provides support, completes a detection, and continues the excavation operation.

Embodiment 2, when the automatic telescopic shock exciter hammers the position at the junction of the face of the tunnel and the surrounding rock, the working conditions can be shown in Figure 5, and the specific implementation plan is as follows:

Open a groove at the position of the shield to set up the observation equipment cabin, and the hatch is set as a ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch. During the tunnel excavation process, the ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch is closed, and the outer wall of the ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch is kept in line with the outer wall of the shield. At this time, the outer wall of the ring-shaped telescopic door touches the surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; during the detection process, the ring-shaped automatic telescopic cabin door is opened, the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the automatic telescopic detector in the cabin is in the original ring. It protrudes out of the space of the automatic telescopic hatch door, contacts and fits closely on the surrounding rock surface; the control center calculates the backward sliding length along the slide rail, the left and right rotation angle and the elevation height of the slide rail according to the actual excavation of the tunnel, and automatically stretches The shock exciter rotates to the left (right) in turn according to the calculated value, and slides backward along the slide rail, and then the support rod of the slide rail rises from the bilge according to the calculated value, and the automatic telescopic shock exciter adjusts the bottom angle, and the automatic telescopic shock exciter automatically Stretch out in the space of the retractable hatch and then hammer the junction of the surrounding rock and the tunnel face to realize the shock, and the shock is completed (the shock process can be excited by multiple or all shocks at the same time, or by a single shock). The seismic wave generated by the shocker hammering the rock propagates forward. When encountering bad geology, the seismic wave is reflected and transmitted back. The 16 geophones installed on the surrounding rock receive the seismic signal and transmit it to the control center for data processing and interpretation. Outline the geological forecast situation ahead. Then the automatic telescopic geophone is retracted, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates to the initial position, the automatic telescopic shock exciter slides along the slide rail to the initial position of the slide rail, and then the slide rail falls to the position of the bilge, the ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch is closed, and the enclosure is opened again. The rock provides support, completes a detection, and continues the excavation operation.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Although the specific implementation of the present disclosure has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (9)

1. An advanced earthquake prediction observation system mounted on a shield, characterized in that it includes: The annular observation equipment storage cabin distributed along the shield circumference, the observation equipment storage cabin contains a shock exciter and a geophone, and the shock exciter and geophone are equipped with automatic telescopic parts, which can drive the vibration exciter and geophone along the The direction of the automatic telescopic rod expands and contracts, so as to hit the rock to excite seismic waves, or realize the automatic radial expansion and installation of the geophone; the annular observation equipment storage compartment includes multiple compartments, and a plurality of shock exciter compartments are distributed equidistantly near the front of the storage compartment. Near the rear of the storage cabin, several geophone cabins are distributed equidistantly; The exciter can only slide and not rotate along the direction of the tunnel boring machine, and can only rotate and not slide in the direction of vertical excavation, so as to realize full-coverage shock parallel to the tunnel face; the other end of the automatic telescopic part connected to the exciter is slidingly connected with the slide rail, which Provide a sliding track for the shock exciter to control the front and rear sliding of the shock exciter. There is a support rod at the bottom of the slide rail. After the automatic control of the shock exciter slides backward along the slide rail, it can automatically stretch and raise the rear end of the slide rail to form a stable triangular structure to control the shock. Angle, to flexibly change the shocking position and adjust the angle at the bottom of the automatic telescopic shock exciter to achieve shocking at the junction of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock or near the surrounding rock of the tunnel face. 2. A kind of earthquake advance prediction observation system carried on the shield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the observation equipment storage compartment is provided with a ring-shaped automatic retractable hatch, which can be used during the construction tunnel excavation process Close the observation equipment storage cabin, and automatically open the cabin door during the advanced geological exploration process, extend the geophone and shock exciter, and conduct advanced geological exploration as required. 3. A kind of earthquake advance prediction observation system mounted on the shield as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: when the annular automatic telescopic hatch is closed, the outer wall of the annular automatic telescopic hatch is kept in contact with the outer wall of the shield. flush. 4. An earthquake advance forecast observation system mounted on a shield according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shock exciter moves forward and backward along the exciter slide rail according to actual construction conditions. 5. An earthquake advance prediction and observation system mounted on a shield according to claim 1, wherein the automatic telescopic member connected to the shock exciter can rotate left and right with the axis of the main body of the shock exciter as the axis. 6. A kind of earthquake advance prediction and observation system mounted on the shield as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the circumferential rotation angle of the automatic telescopic member connected to the shock exciter is 0-45°, The maximum rotatable angle value is 22.5°. 7. A kind of earthquake advance forecast observation system mounted on the shield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the end of the automatic telescopic piece connected to the shock exciter is connected with a slide block, and the slide block and the slide rail There is a sliding connection between them, and there is a driving member to drive the movement of the slider. 8. A kind of earthquake advance forecast observation system carried on the shield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the shock exciters are evenly distributed along the shield circumference; Or, the detectors are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shield. 9. Based on the working method of the system described in any one of claims 1-8, it is characterized in that: during the excavation process of the construction tunnel, the outer wall of the annular telescopic door contacts the surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; , the ring-shaped automatic telescopic hatch is opened, and the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the geophone in the cabin is extended to contact and closely fit the surrounding rock surface; According to the actual excavation conditions of the tunnel, calculate the backward sliding length and left and right rotation angle along the slide rail, and the automatic telescopic part drives the shock exciter to rotate in turn according to the calculated value, slide backward along the slide rail, stretch out and then hammer the surrounding rock/surrounding rock The position at the junction with the face of the face realizes shocking; The seismic wave generated by the shocker hammering the rock propagates forward. When encountering bad geology, the seismic wave is reflected and transmitted back. The geophones installed on the surrounding rock receive the seismic signal, perform data processing and interpretation, and give the geological prediction ahead. .

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