CN116859487A - Drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device and advanced detection method for TBM - Google Patents
Drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device and advanced detection method for TBM Download PDFInfo
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- CN116859487A CN116859487A CN202310837713.2A CN202310837713A CN116859487A CN 116859487 A CN116859487 A CN 116859487A CN 202310837713 A CN202310837713 A CN 202310837713A CN 116859487 A CN116859487 A CN 116859487A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/003—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts adapted to be moved on their substructure, e.g. with skidding means; adapted to drill a plurality of wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device and an advanced detection method for TBM, comprising a drilling machine, drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, a plurality of detectors, a host and an external hole electrode; the drilling machine can circumferentially rotate at the outer circumference of the TBM main beam to adjust the position; the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment comprises an electrical while-drilling method electrode device, a transient while-drilling electromagnetic device and an impact seismic source device while drilling, wherein the electrical while-drilling method electrode device is used for collecting data during electrical while-drilling method detection, the transient while-drilling electromagnetic device is used for collecting data during transient while-drilling electromagnetic detection, and the impact seismic source device while drilling is used for exciting seismic waves during seismic while drilling detection; the geological structure and the water-containing body in front of the face can be detected simultaneously in the drilling process, abnormal bodies are detected at multiple points from different drilling depth positions in the drilling process, and through mutual complementation and mutual verification of three different detection results, the possibility of false alarm and false alarm can be reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection device and an advanced geological prediction method, in particular to a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device and an advanced detection method for a TBM, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel advanced detection.
Background
The full-section tunnel boring machine (tunnel boring machine, TBM) construction tunnel has the advantages of high boring speed, high boring quality, remarkable economic benefit, civilized construction environment and the like, and is widely applied to tunnel construction. However, the adaptability of TBM construction to stratum is poor, and poor geology such as karst cave, fault or broken belt encountered in the construction process often causes disasters such as water burst and mud burst, collapse, machine blocking and the like, and seriously endangers the construction safety. Therefore, it is extremely important to ascertain the poor geologic body and the water content in front of the face in advance. At present, advanced geological forecasting methods suitable for tunnel construction by a drilling and blasting method are mature, and advanced forecasting instruments and equipment based on the principles of geophysical prospecting methods such as an electromagnetic method, an electrical method and a seismic wave method are endless. Different from a tunnel construction method by a drilling and blasting method, the method is influenced by space limitation and huge metal structures of TBM, and is suitable for advanced forecasting method of TBM construction. Among them, the main geophysical prospecting methods include a seismic method (ISIS, SWD, HSP, etc.), an excitation method (BEAM), etc. The seismic wave method is sensitive to geological structures and has long detection distance, but cannot detect water; the excitation method is sensitive to the water body, can quantitatively estimate the occurrence condition of the water body, but has short detection distance which is generally not more than 30m, and can not position the water body. Because of the limitations of the geophysical prospecting method, many TBMs are currently equipped with a fast advanced drilling machine for prospecting geological conditions, but the problem of "one hole" exists (i.e. the detection result can only be obtained in a small range around and in front of the borehole), and serious disaster sources are easily missed. And when a single advanced geological prediction method is adopted, the accuracy of a prediction result is low, and bad geological conditions cannot be effectively identified. In summary, the progress of advanced detection technology research on TBM construction tunnels in the industry is not ideal, and a few special detection technologies cannot be well installed on TBM, so that the current detection device is difficult to meet the TBM construction requirement. Therefore, how to provide a detection device and an advanced detection method which are suitable for TBM construction environments, have geological structures and rich water body detection capability, and have long distance, large range and high precision is an urgent need in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device and an advanced detection method for a TBM, which can adapt to TBM construction environment, have geological structure and rich water body detection capability, and have long-distance, large-range and high-precision detection devices and advanced detection methods.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device for TBM comprises a drilling machine, a drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail, drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, a plurality of detectors, a host machine and an external hole electrode;
the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail is fixed on the outer circumference of the TBM main beam;
the drilling machine comprises a drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat, a drilling angle adjusting mechanism, a drilling machine power head advancing and retreating slide rail and a drilling machine power head, wherein the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat is arranged on the drilling machine circumferential movement slide rail and can move along the slide rail; the drilling angle adjusting mechanism is fixed on the upper part of the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat, the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail is arranged on the upper part of the drilling angle adjusting mechanism, and the drilling angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the angle of the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail relative to the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat; the drilling machine power head is arranged on the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating slide rail and can move along the slide rail;
The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment comprises a cable drill rod group, two electrical while-drilling method electrode devices, a transient electromagnetic device while drilling, an impact seismic source while drilling device while drilling and a drill bit, wherein the cable drill rod group is formed by coaxially connecting a plurality of cable drill rods; the two while-drilling electrical method electrode devices are used for acquiring data during while-drilling electrical method detection, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device is used for acquiring data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic detection, and the while-drilling impact seismic source device is used for exciting seismic waves during while-drilling seismic detection;
the detectors are respectively arranged on two side walls of the tunnel, and the detectors on each side wall are arranged in a row and are used for collecting seismic wave data during seismic exploration while drilling; the hole outer electrode is arranged in a gap of the tunnel bottom plate or the tunnel side wall and used for providing reference data when detecting by an electrical while drilling method; the main machine is arranged in the TBM control chamber, is connected with the wave detector, the external hole electrode, the while-drilling electric method electrode device, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device, the drilling machine and the while-drilling impact seismic source device, and is used for controlling the working states of the while-drilling electric method electrode device, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device, the drilling machine and the while-drilling impact seismic source device, acquiring data during while-drilling seismic exploration, data during while-drilling electric method exploration and data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic exploration, and determining geological conditions in front of the TBM after comprehensive analysis.
Further, the while-drilling electrical method electrode device comprises a while-drilling electrical method drill rod, an electrode rod, a conductive spring, an electrode piston, an electrode oil cylinder, a push rod oil cylinder, an electric push rod, a driving motor and a fixing bracket; the two ends of the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod are respectively and coaxially connected with the cable drill rod and the non-magnetic cable drill rod through the same type joint of the first cable drill rod, the driving motor is fixed in the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod through the fixing support, the extending end of the driving motor is provided with a push rod shell, one end of the electric push rod extends into the push rod shell and is coaxially connected with the extending end, the other end of the electric push rod is provided with a push rod piston, one end of each of a plurality of electrode cylinders is arranged on the side surface of the push rod cylinder and is communicated with the interior of the push rod cylinder, the other end of each of the electrode cylinders is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod, and the joint of each of the electrode cylinders and the inner wall is provided with a through hole; the other end of the electric push rod extends into the push rod oil cylinder through the opening, and the push rod piston is in sliding seal with the inner wall of the push rod oil cylinder; the electrode cylinders are internally provided with electrode rods and conductive springs, one ends of the electrode rods can extend out of the through holes, the other ends of the electrode rods are provided with electrode pistons, and sliding sealing is realized between the electrode pistons and the inner walls of the electrode cylinders; one end of the conductive spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drilling rod while drilling, and the other end of the conductive spring is fixed on the outer surface of the electrode rod close to the electrode piston, so that a conductive path is formed among the drilling rod while drilling, the conductive spring and the electrode rod; hydraulic oil is filled in the push rod oil cylinder and each electrode oil cylinder; the inner wall of the drill rod and the driving motor of the while-drilling electric method are connected with the host machine through multi-core cables, so that the host machine can apply current to the electrode rod and control the working state of the driving motor; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device does not work, one end of the electrode rod does not extend out of the drill rod of the while-drilling electrical method and is positioned in the through hole; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device works, the driving motor enables the electric push rod to move into the push rod oil cylinder, and then pressure is applied to each electrode piston through hydraulic oil transmission pressure, when the pressure is larger than the deformation force of the conductive spring, one end of the electrode rod extends out of the drill rod of the while-drilling electrical method from the through hole, and the conductive spring is in a compressed state.
Further, the transient electromagnetic while drilling device comprises a transient electromagnetic drill rod, two transmitting coils, an eight-channel receiving coil, a probe rod and a high-precision inertial navigation module; the two ends of the transient electromagnetic drill rod are respectively and coaxially connected with the non-magnetic cable drill rod and the while-drilling electrical method electrode device through second cable drill rod homotype connectors, the probe rod is arranged inside the transient electromagnetic drill rod, a first instrument bin and a second instrument bin are arranged inside the probe rod, and damping blocks are respectively arranged at the two ends of the probe rod and used for reducing vibration of the first instrument bin and the second instrument bin from outside; the eight-channel receiving coil and the two transmitting coils are both positioned in the first instrument bin, and the two transmitting coils are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the eight-channel receiving coil and are used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals; the high-precision inertial navigation module is arranged in the second instrument bin and is used for acquiring real-time pose data of the transient electromagnetic drill rod; the eight-channel receiving coil, the transmitting coil and the high-precision inertial navigation module are all connected with the host through multi-core cables and used for feeding data back to the host, and meanwhile, the working states of the eight-channel receiving coil, the transmitting coil and the high-precision inertial navigation module are controlled through the host.
Further, the while-drilling impact shock source device comprises an impact shock source drill rod, two motors, a rope winder, a flexible steel rope, a spring fixer, two position switches, a powerful spring, a metal impact block and two impact block sliding rails; one end of the impact focus drill rod is coaxially connected with the while-drilling electrical method electrode device through a third cable drill rod homotype joint, the other end of the impact focus drill rod is coaxially connected with the drill bit, two motors are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod, a rope winder is positioned between the two motors, two ends of the rope winder are respectively coaxially connected with output shafts of the two motors, a flexible steel rope is wound on the rope winder, two impact block sliding rails are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod, two ends of a metal impact block are respectively arranged on the two impact block sliding rails, and the metal impact block can move along the two impact block sliding rails in the impact focus drill rod; the spring fixer is fixed between the rope winder and the metal impact block, the strong spring is positioned between the spring fixer and the metal impact block, and two ends of the strong spring are respectively fixedly connected with the spring fixer and the metal impact block; one end of the flexible steel rope penetrates through the spring fixer to be fixedly connected with the metal impact block; the two position switches are symmetrically arranged on the two impact block sliding rails and are used for detecting the positions of the metal impact blocks; the host is connected with the two motors and the two position switches through multi-core cables and is used for controlling the working states of the two motors and receiving feedback signals of the two position switches; when not in work, the powerful spring is in an unstressed state; when the device works, the first stage is in a force storage state, at the moment, power is supplied to enable the two motors to rotate synchronously, the two motors wind the flexible steel rope through the rope winder, so that the metal impact block moves towards the direction of the rope winder, and meanwhile, the strong spring is stressed and compressed to increase elastic potential energy; the second stage is the impact stage, when the metal impact block reaches two position switches, the position switch feeds back signals to the host computer, the host computer stops supplying power to the two motors, and at the moment, the metal impact block rapidly moves towards the drill bit under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring and drives the flexible steel rope to extend until the metal impact block collides with the drill bit in an impact manner.
Further, a plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes are formed in the TBM shield shell, the horizontal drill rod through holes are distributed in a ring shape, and drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can penetrate through the horizontal drill rod through holes to extend to the front of the TBM for detection when the drilling rig reaches a corresponding position.
Further, the host is connected with the external hole electrode through an external hole electrode cable, and the host is connected with the detector through an earthquake signal transmission cable.
The advanced detection method for the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device for the TBM comprises the following specific steps of:
A. presetting a drill rod through hole: aiming at the TBM for carrying out tunneling operation, a plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes are arranged at the periphery of a TBM shield shell and the same height positions of a drilling machine in advance, the plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes are distributed in a ring shape, the aperture size of the horizontal drill rod through holes is larger than the diameter of a drill bit, and the drilling and geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can carry out horizontal drilling operation;
B. determining a lead detection section: analyzing geological conditions by combining the earlier investigation design data, geological records and surrounding rock states actually revealed by TBM tunneling to determine possible bad geological bodies and high risk sections; when TBM is tunneled to 20-40 m from the high risk section, stopping tunnelling, and preparing to implement advanced detection;
C. Assembling and arranging drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment: firstly, selecting a horizontal drill rod through hole preset in the step A according to the possible position of an abnormal body, controlling a drilling machine to move on a drilling machine circumferential moving slide rail, enabling a drilling machine power head and the selected horizontal drill rod through hole to be positioned on the same axis, then starting to assemble drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, and after the completion, coaxially connecting one end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment with the drilling machine power head, and enabling a drill bit at the other end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment to extend into the selected horizontal drill rod through hole;
D. and (3) performing advanced detection: before drilling advanced detection drilling holes, a plurality of geophysical prospecting position points along with drilling are set at different depths in advance, then a main machine is used for controlling the drilling machine to start, so that the drilling machine drives a drill bit to move forward along a driving and reversing slide rail of a power head of the drilling machine, the drill bit of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment extends out of a TBM shield shell to carry out advanced drilling operation on a rock body in front, in the drilling process, drilling is stopped when the drill bit reaches the first geophysical prospecting position point along with drilling, the drill bit and rock at a hole bottom are kept in a close contact state, and the geophysical prospecting position point along with drilling is detected at the moment, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) seismic while drilling detection: sending a detection command to the while-drilling impact seismic source device through the host, exciting seismic waves in the drill hole by the while-drilling impact seismic source device, feeding the collected seismic data back to the host by each detector, and obtaining geological conditions around the current while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point after the host analyzes, so as to complete the seismic detection work;
(2) Transient while drilling electromagnetic detection: transmitting a detection instruction to the transient electromagnetic device while drilling through the host, acquiring transient electromagnetic signals of surrounding geology by the transient electromagnetic device while drilling, feeding back the transient electromagnetic signals to the host, and acquiring geological conditions around the current geophysical prospecting position point while drilling after the host analyzes the transient electromagnetic signals to complete transient electromagnetic detection work;
(3) detection by an electrical while drilling method: sending a detection instruction to the electrical while-drilling electrode device through the host, wherein the electrical while-drilling electrode device and the hole wall are in a coupling contact state at the moment so as to ensure that current can be conducted between the electrical while-drilling electrode device and the hole wall in a bidirectional manner, then feeding detected electrical data back to the host by the electrical while-drilling electrode device, feeding detected reference data back to the host by the external electrode of the hole, analyzing by the host, acquiring geological conditions around the current physical while-drilling detection position point, and completing electrical detection work;
(4) drilling condition record: in the drilling process of a drilling machine, recording data of rotating speed, drilling weight, drilling speed, torque and vibration in the drilling process and drawing a relevant curve through a sensor and an automatic recorder which are configured by the drilling machine, and simultaneously recording whether the situation of sticking, jumping and obvious change of the drilling backwater amount in the drilling process of the drilling machine is recorded, so that the first detection process of the position point while drilling is completed;
E. The detection of each position point is continuously carried out: after the detection of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point is finished, starting the drilling machine to continue drilling until the drill bit reaches the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point, stopping drilling at the moment, and repeating the detection process of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point in the step D to finish the detection of the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point; when the drill bit reaches the adjacent area of the abnormal body, the geophysical prospecting position points while drilling can be encrypted according to the requirement so as to obtain finer abnormal body detection data; repeating the steps until all the detection of the while-drilling geophysical prospecting position points are completed;
F. joint interpretation of the probe data: summarizing the while-drilling seismic detection data, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic detection data and the while-drilling electrical detection data of all the while-drilling geophysical detection position points recorded in the host, removing data points which cannot be used or have poor data quality, retaining data points with relatively good data quality, and then respectively inverting the summarized data of three while-drilling geophysical detection modes, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly inverting the data of a first while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a second while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a third while-drilling detection position point, repeating the inversion until all while-drilling detection position points are covered, finally obtaining three inversion results of while-drilling detection, adopting the existing method in the inversion process, and then carrying out joint interpretation by combining drilling condition data recorded in the drilling process of the step (4), so that the specific azimuth of a geological structure, the water quantity of a water body and the specific position can be accurately judged.
Further, the specific process of the seismic while drilling detection in the step (1) is as follows: the main machine controls the two motors to synchronously drive the rope winder to rotate through the multi-core cable, further drives the metal impact block to move along the impact block sliding rail towards the rope winder through the winding flexible steel rope, simultaneously enables the powerful spring to compress and accumulate elastic potential energy, when the metal impact block slides to the position switch, the position switch feeds back signals to the main machine, the main machine stops supplying power to the two motors, at the moment, the metal impact block has larger elastic potential energy, at the moment, the metal impact block rapidly moves towards the drill bit under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring until the metal impact block collides with the drill bit, and the drill bit transmits the impact force to hole bottom rocks closely contacted with the metal impact block, so that earthquake waves are generated, and vibration source excitation is completed; when the seismic wave propagates forwards, the abnormal structure is reflected, the reflected seismic wave is received by each wave detector, and then the signals are transmitted to the host computer through the seismic signal transmission cable, so that the host computer can perform preliminary analysis processing on the seismic signals, judge whether the geological structure exists in front, and identify the general position of the geological structure.
Further, the transient electromagnetic detection while drilling in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: the host machine is used for introducing step pulse current to the transmitting coil through the multi-core cable, the transmitting coil is used for transmitting step pulse magnetic fields to the periphery, the pulse magnetic fields can cause induced vortex fields in the transmitting coil when encountering water bodies, the eight-channel receiving coil can observe the induced vortex fields, the received transient electromagnetic response data are transmitted back to the host machine through the multi-core cable, and the host machine is used for carrying out preliminary analysis processing on the transient electromagnetic signals, so that whether the water bodies exist in the front or not is judged, and the general positions of the transient electromagnetic response data are identified; meanwhile, the high-precision inertial navigation module records track information of azimuth angles, inclination angles and roll angles of the transient electromagnetic device while drilling in real time, and transmits the track information back to the host through the multi-core cable, and the host can determine specific positions of the transient electromagnetic device while drilling and other detection devices in real time by combining drilling depth data.
Further, the specific detection process of the electrical while drilling method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the specific process is as follows: the main machine sends an electric signal to the driving motor through the multi-core cable, the driving motor drives the electric push rod to move into the push rod oil cylinder, pressure is applied to hydraulic oil through the push rod piston, the pressure is transmitted to the electrode piston through the hydraulic oil, the electrode piston compresses the conductive spring and drives the electrode rod to extend out of the drill rod and be in compression contact with the wall of the drill hole, meanwhile, the main machine applies test current to the electrode rod of the first while-drilling electrode device through the multi-core cable, when the main machine receives the current through the second while-drilling electrode device, the electrode rods of the two while-drilling electrode devices are well coupled with the wall of the drill hole, the main machine controls the driving motor to stop working, and the while-drilling electrode device is in a detection state; then starting to detect, the host computer transmits detection current to the stratum through a second while-drilling electrode device and an outside hole electrode, wherein the second while-drilling electrode device is used as an electrode A, the outside hole electrode is used as a reference electrode B, then the first while-drilling electrode device and a drill bit are used for receiving electric signals in the stratum and transmitting the electric signals to the host computer through a multi-core cable, the first while-drilling electrode device is used as an electrode M, the drill bit is used as an electrode N, and the host computer analyzes and processes the received electric signals to obtain the conductivity and the polarization rate of the stratum around the hole bottom, and when a water containing body exists, the conductivity and the polarization rate at the place are abnormal (namely, the conductivity value and the polarization value are larger), so that the position of the water containing body is detected and determined; when the detection is completed, the driving motor is controlled by the host computer to drive the electric push rod to retract, and the electrode rod is retracted into the drill rod under the action of suction force and the elastic force of the conductive spring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) And (3) adapting to TBM construction environment: the advanced geophysical prospecting is carried out by utilizing the pre-drilling rig carrying drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment equipped with the TBM, so that the influence of space limitation and a TBM giant metal structure on the geophysical prospecting equipment operation is avoided, and a transient electromagnetic method with great advantages on rich water body detection can be used;
(2) Simultaneous detection of structure and body of water: three geophysical prospecting devices including an impact seismic source, transient electromagnetic and an electrode while drilling are simultaneously mounted on the advanced drilling machine, so that geological structures and water-containing bodies in front of the face can be detected at the same time, and the whole detection process in the drilling process is realized;
(3) Long-distance and large-range detection: the maximum drillable advanced drilling machine can drill 30-50 m, the detection distance of the earthquake equipment positioned behind the drill bit is 80m, the detection radius of drilling transient electromagnetic is 30m, and the detection range of the electrical method while drilling is 30m, so that the invention can maximally detect structures and water bodies within the range of 80m in the longitudinal direction and 30m in the drilling radius, and realize the advanced prediction of tunnels in long distance and large range;
(4) High-precision detection: due to the adoption of the method of drilling geophysical prospecting, the method is closer to a target geological abnormal body, the abnormal body is detected from different drilling depth positions in a multi-point manner in the drilling process, invalid and poor-quality data are removed during inversion, and the screened effective data are used for mutual complementation and correction, so that the method has the advantage of high detection precision;
(5) While drilling, while probing: the geophysical prospecting equipment in the hole is connected with a host in the TBM through the cable drill rod and the cable, detection data can be immediately transmitted to the host after the detection of one position point is completed, the host can preliminarily judge whether an abnormal body exists in front or not and recognize the approximate direction of the abnormal body after preprocessing the data, so that corresponding measures can be taken, for example, detection points near the abnormal body can be encrypted in subsequent detection to further improve the detection precision;
(6) Multi-means mutual authentication: the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment is adopted for detection, three types of geophysical prospecting equipment, namely an impact seismic source, transient electromagnetic and while-drilling electrodes, are utilized, and three different detection results are mutually supplemented and mutually verified, so that the possibility of false alarm and false alarm can be reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the horizontal drilling advance detection system;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall layout of the present invention when performing the inclined borehole ahead detection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the integrated drilling and geophysical prospecting apparatus in a borehole according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the drilling rig of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an electrical while drilling electrode assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a left side view of the interior of the while drilling electrode assembly of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a right side view of the interior of the while drilling electrode assembly of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a transient while drilling electromagnetic device according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the while-drilling impact source device of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic layout of the geophysical prospecting location points while drilling in a borehole according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. TBM shield shell; 2. a TBM main beam; 3. the drilling machine moves the slide rail circumferentially; 4. a drilling machine; 4.1, circumferentially moving a sliding seat of the drilling machine; 4.2, a drilling angle adjusting mechanism; 4.3, advancing and retreating the slide rail of the power head of the drilling machine; 4.4, a power head of the drilling machine; 5. a horizontal drill rod through hole; 6. a cable drill rod; 7. an electrical while drilling electrode device; 7.1, a first cable drill rod homotype joint; 7.2, a multi-core cable; 7.3, drilling rod by electric drilling method; 7.4, electrode bars; 7.5, a conductive spring; 7.6, an electrode piston; 7.7, an electrode oil cylinder; 7.8, hydraulic oil; 7.9, a push rod oil cylinder; 7.10, a push rod piston; 7.11, an electric push rod; 7.12, a push rod housing; 7.13, driving a motor; 7.14, fixing the bracket; 8. a magnetic cable-free drill rod; 9. a transient while drilling electromagnetic device; 9.1, a second cable drill rod homotype joint; 9.2, transient electromagnetic drill pipes; 9.3, damping blocks; 9.4, transmitting coil; 9.5, eight-channel receiving coils; 9.6, a probe rod; 9.7, a first instrument bin; 9.8, a high-precision inertial navigation module; 9.9, a second instrument bin; 10. a percussion while drilling source device; 10.1, a third cable drill rod homotype joint; 10.2, a motor; 10.3, a rope winder; 10.4, flexible steel cords; 10.5, spring holder; 10.6, position switch; 10.7, a strong spring; 10.8, a metal impact block; 10.9, impact block slide rail; 10.10, impacting a focus drill rod; 11. a drill bit; 12. an outer hole electrode; 13. a wave detector; 14. a seismic signal transmission cable; 15. extension lines of the multi-core cables; 16. an out-of-bore electrode cable; 17. a host; 18. TBM control room.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for a TBM comprises a drilling machine 4, a drilling machine circumferential moving slide rail 3, drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, a plurality of detectors 13, a host 17 and an out-hole electrode 12;
the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail 3 is fixed on the outer circumference of the TBM main beam 2;
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the drilling machine 4 comprises a drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat 4.1, a drilling angle adjusting mechanism 4.2, a drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail 4.3 and a drilling machine power head 4.4, wherein the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat 4.1 is arranged on the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail 3 and can move along the sliding rail; the drilling angle adjusting mechanism 4.2 is fixed at the upper part of the drilling machine circumferential moving sliding seat 4.1, the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail 4.3 is arranged at the upper part of the drilling angle adjusting mechanism 4.2, and the drilling angle adjusting mechanism 4.2 is used for adjusting the angle of the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail 4.3 relative to the drilling machine circumferential moving sliding seat 4.1; the drilling machine power head 4.4 is arranged on the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating slide rail 3 and can move along the slide rail;
the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment comprises a cable drill rod group, two electrical while-drilling transient electromagnetic devices 7, an electrical while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9, an electrical while-drilling impact seismic source device 10 and a drill bit 11, wherein the cable drill rod group is formed by coaxially connecting a plurality of cable drill rods 6, one end of the cable drill rod group is connected with a drilling machine power head 4.4, the other end of the cable drill rod group is coaxially connected with one end of one electrical while-drilling electrode device 7, the other end of the electrical while-drilling electrode device 7 is coaxially connected with one end of the electrical while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9 through a magnetic-flux-free cable drill rod 8, the other end of the electrical while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9 is coaxially connected with one end of the other electrical while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 7 through a magnetic-flux-free cable drill rod 8, the other end of the electrical while-drilling impact seismic source device 10 is coaxially connected with the drill bit 11; the two while-drilling electrical method electrode devices 7 are used for acquiring data during while-drilling electrical method detection, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9 is used for acquiring data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic detection, and the while-drilling impact seismic source device 10 is used for exciting seismic waves during while-drilling seismic detection; as shown in fig. 4, the length of the while-drilling impact source device 10 is 2m; the total length of the cable drill rods 6, the non-cable drill rod 8 and the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9 is set to be 10m;
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the while-drilling electrical method electrode device 7 comprises an while-drilling electrical method drill rod 7.3, an electrode rod 7.4, a conductive spring 7.5, an electrode piston 7.6, an electrode oil cylinder 7.7, a push rod oil cylinder 7.9, an electric push rod 7.11, a driving motor 7.13 and a fixed bracket 7.14; the two ends of the electrical drilling rod while drilling 7.3 are respectively and coaxially connected with the cable drilling rod 6 and the non-magnetic cable drilling rod 8 through first cable drilling rod homotype joints 7.1, a driving motor 7.13 is fixed in the electrical drilling rod while drilling 7.1 through a fixing support 7.14, a push rod shell 7.12 is arranged at the extending end of the driving motor 7.13, one end of an electric push rod 7.11 extends into the push rod shell 7.12 and is coaxially connected with the extending end, a push rod piston 7.10 is arranged at the other end of the electric push rod 7.11, a plurality of electrode cylinders 7.7 are arranged at the side surfaces of the push rod cylinders 7.9 and are communicated with the inside of the push rod cylinders 7.9, the other end of each electrode cylinder 7.7 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the electrical drilling rod while drilling 7.3, and through holes are formed at the connecting positions of each electrode cylinder 7.7 and the inner wall; the push rod oil cylinder 7.9 is closed at one end and open at the other end, and the other end of the electric push rod 7.11 extends into the push rod oil cylinder 7.9 through the opening, so that sliding seal is formed between the push rod piston 7.10 and the inner wall of the push rod oil cylinder 7.9; the electrode cylinders 7.7 are internally provided with electrode rods 7.4 and conductive springs 7.5, one end of each electrode rod 7.4 can extend out of the through hole, the other end of each electrode rod is provided with an electrode piston 7.6, and sliding seal is formed between each electrode piston 7.6 and the inner wall of each electrode cylinder 7.7; one end of the conductive spring 7.5 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drilling rod 7.3 while drilling, and the other end of the conductive spring is fixed on the outer surface of the electrode rod 7.4 close to the electrode piston 7.6, so that a conductive path is formed among the drilling rod 7.3 while drilling, the conductive spring 7.5 and the electrode rod 7.4; hydraulic oil 7.8 is filled in the push rod oil cylinder 7.9 and each electrode oil cylinder 7.7; the inner wall of the drilling rod 7.3 and the driving motor 7.13 are connected with the host 17 through the multi-core cable 7.2, so that the host 17 can apply current to the electrode rod 7.4 and control the working state of the driving motor 7.13; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device 7 does not work, one end of the electrode rod 7.4 does not extend out of the while-drilling electrical method drill rod 7.3 and is positioned in the through hole; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device 7 works, the driving motor 7.13 enables the electric push rod 7.11 to move into the push rod oil cylinder 7.9, and then pressure is transmitted to each electrode piston 7.6 through hydraulic oil 7.8, when the pressure is larger than the deformation force of the conductive spring 7.5, one end of the electrode rod 7.4 extends out of the while-drilling electrical method drill rod 7.3 from the through hole, and the conductive spring 7.5 is in a compressed state.
As shown in fig. 10, the transient electromagnetic device while drilling 9 comprises a transient electromagnetic drill rod 9.2, two transmitting coils 9.4, an eight-channel receiving coil 9.5, a probe rod 9.6 and a high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8; the two ends of the transient electromagnetic drill rod 9.2 are respectively and coaxially connected with the non-magnetic cable drill rod 8 and the while-drilling electrical electrode device 7 through second cable drill rod homotype connectors 7.2, a probe rod 9.6 is arranged in the transient electromagnetic drill rod 9.2, a first instrument bin 9.7 and a second instrument bin 9.9 are arranged in the probe rod 9.6, and damping blocks 9.3 are arranged at the two ends of the probe rod 9.6 and used for reducing vibration of the first instrument bin 9.7 and the second instrument bin 9.9; the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5 and the two transmitting coils 9.4 are both positioned in the first instrument bin 9.7, and the two transmitting coils 9.4 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5 and are used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals; the high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8 is arranged in the second instrument bin 9.9 and is used for acquiring real-time pose data of the transient electromagnetic drill rod 9.2; the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5, the transmitting coil 9.4 and the high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8 are all connected with the host 17 through the multi-core cable 7.2 and used for feeding data back to the host 17, and meanwhile, the working states of the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5, the transmitting coil 9.4 and the high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8 are controlled through the host 17.
As shown in fig. 11, the while-drilling impact source device 10 comprises an impact source drill rod 10.10, two motors 10.2, a rope winder 10.3, a flexible steel rope 10.4, a spring fixer 10.5, two position switches 10.6, a powerful spring 10.7, a metal impact block 10.8 and two impact block sliding rails 10.9; one end of the impact focus drill rod 10.10 is coaxially connected with the while-drilling electrical method electrode device 7 through a third cable drill rod homotype joint 10.1, the other end of the impact focus drill rod 10.10 is coaxially connected with the drill bit 11, two motors 10.2 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod 10.10, a rope winder 10.3 is arranged between the two motors 10.2, two ends of the rope winder 10.3 are respectively coaxially connected with output shafts of the two motors 10.2, a flexible steel rope 10.4 is wound on the rope winder 10.3, two impact block sliding rails 10.9 are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod 10.10, two ends of each impact block 10.8 are respectively arranged on the two impact block sliding rails 10.9, and a metal impact block 10.8 can move inside the impact focus drill rod 10.10 along the two impact block sliding rails 10.9; the spring fixer 10.5 is fixed between the rope winder 10.3 and the metal impact block 10.8, the strong spring 10.7 is positioned between the spring fixer 10.5 and the metal impact block 10.8, and two ends of the strong spring 10.7 are respectively fixedly connected with the spring fixer 10.5 and the metal impact block 10.8; one end of a flexible steel rope 10.4 passes through a spring fixer 10.5 and is fixedly connected with a metal impact block 10.8; the two position switches 10.6 are symmetrically arranged on the two impact block slide rails 10.9 and are used for detecting the position of the metal impact block 10.8; the host 17 is connected with the two motors 10.2 and the two position switches 10.6 through the multi-core cable 7.2 and is used for controlling the working states of the two motors 10.2 and receiving feedback signals of the two position switches 10.6; when not in operation, the powerful spring 10.7 is in an unstressed state; when the device works, the first stage is in a force accumulation state, at the moment, power is supplied to enable the two motors 10.2 to synchronously rotate, the two motors 10.2 wind the flexible steel rope 10.4 through the rope winder 10.3, the metal impact block 10.8 moves towards the rope winder 10.3, and meanwhile the strong spring 10.7 is stressed and compressed to increase elastic potential energy; the second stage is the impact stage, when the metal impact block 10.8 reaches the two position switches 10.6, the position switches 10.6 feed back signals to the host computer 17, the host computer 17 stops supplying power to the two motors 10.2, and at the moment, the metal impact block 10.8 rapidly moves towards the drill bit 11 under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring 10.7 and drives the flexible steel rope 10.4 to stretch until the metal impact block 10.8 collides with the drill bit 11 in an impact manner. The TBM shield shell 1 is provided with a plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes 5, the horizontal drill rod through holes 5 are distributed in a ring shape, and drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can penetrate through the horizontal drill rod through holes 5 to detect when the drilling machine 11 reaches a corresponding position.
The detectors 13 are respectively arranged on two side walls of the tunnel, and the detectors 13 on each side wall are arranged in a row and are used for acquiring seismic wave data during seismic exploration while drilling; the hole outer electrode 12 is arranged in a gap of a tunnel bottom plate or a tunnel side wall far away from the hole 120m and is used for providing reference data when detecting by an electrical while drilling method; the host 17 is arranged in the TBM control room 18, the host 17 is connected with the detector 13, the hole outer electrode 12, the while-drilling electric method electrode device 7, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9, the drilling machine 11 and the while-drilling impact seismic source device 10, and is used for controlling the working states of the while-drilling electric method electrode device 7, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device 9, the drilling machine 11 and the while-drilling impact seismic source device 10, acquiring data during while-drilling seismic exploration, data during while-drilling electric method exploration and data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic exploration, and determining geological conditions in front of the TBM after comprehensive analysis.
As an improvement of the invention, the host 17 is connected with the external hole electrode 12 through an external hole electrode cable 16, and the host 17 is connected with the detector 13 through a seismic signal transmission cable 14.
In addition, the non-magnetic cable drill rod 8, the transient electromagnetic drill rod 9.2 and the drilling-while-drilling drill rod 7.3 are all made of non-magnetic steel pipes, the probe rod 9.6 is made of high-strength PE plastic pipes, and signal interference of drill rod metals on the transmitting coil 9.4, the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5 and the high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8 can be reduced by adopting the materials; the tail parts of the metal impact block 10.8 and the drill bit 11 are made of high-strength steel, and deformation damage to the two parts caused by repeated impact can be reduced by adopting the high-strength steel, so that the service life is prolonged; the inner wall of the electrode oil cylinder 7.7, the through hole of the drilling rod 7.3 for the electrode rod 7.4 to go in and go out and the contact part of the impact shock source device 10 while drilling and the drill bit 11 are coated with high-strength wear-resistant insulating coatings (such as cubic boron nitride) so as to prevent the current from being transmitted along the drilling rod to interfere detection during the detection of the electrical while drilling method.
The advanced detection method for the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device for the TBM comprises the following specific steps of:
A. presetting a drill rod through hole: aiming at the TBM for carrying out tunneling operation, a plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes 5 are arranged at the same height positions of the periphery of the TBM shield shell 1 and the drilling machine 4 in advance, the plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes 5 are distributed in a ring shape, the aperture size of the horizontal drill rod through holes 5 is larger than the diameter of a drill bit, and the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can carry out horizontal drilling operation;
B. determining a lead detection section: analyzing geological conditions by combining the earlier investigation design data, geological records and surrounding rock states actually revealed by TBM tunneling to determine possible bad geological bodies and high risk sections; when TBM is tunneled to 20-40 m from the high risk section, stopping tunnelling, and preparing to implement advanced detection;
C. assembling and arranging drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment: firstly, selecting a horizontal drill rod through hole 5 preset in the step A according to the possible existence direction of an abnormal body, controlling a drilling machine 4 to move on a drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail 3, enabling a drilling machine power head 4.4 and the selected horizontal drill rod through hole 5 to be positioned on the same axis, then starting to assemble drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, and after the completion, coaxially connecting one end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment with the drilling machine power head 4.4, and enabling a drill bit 11 at the other end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment to extend into the selected horizontal drill rod through hole 5;
D. And (3) performing advanced detection: before advanced detection drilling is carried out, as shown in fig. 12, a plurality of geophysical prospecting position points while drilling are equidistantly set in advance at different depths of the drilling, then the main machine 17 is used for controlling the drilling machine 4 to start, so that the drilling machine 11 is driven to move forward along the advancing and retreating slide rail 4.3 of the power head of the drilling machine, further, the drilling head of the geophysical prospecting integrated equipment extends out of the TBM shield shell 1 to carry out advanced drilling operation on a rock mass in front, in the drilling process, when the drilling head 11 reaches the first geophysical prospecting position point while drilling, drilling is stopped, the drilling head 11 and rock at the bottom of the drilling hole are kept in a close contact state, and at the moment, the geophysical prospecting position point while drilling is detected, and the concrete process is as follows:
(1) seismic while drilling detection: the host 17 sends a detection command to the while-drilling impact seismic source device 10, the while-drilling impact seismic source device 10 excites seismic waves in a borehole, each detector 13 feeds back the acquired seismic data to the host 17, the host 17 acquires geological conditions around the current while-drilling geophysical prospecting position after analysis, and the specific process is as follows: the host 17 controls the two motors 10.2 through the multi-core cable 7.2 to synchronously drive the rope winder 10.3 to rotate, and then drives the metal impact block 10.8 to move towards the rope winder 10.3 along the impact block sliding rail 10.9 through the winding flexible steel rope 10.4, meanwhile, the powerful spring 10.7 compresses and accumulates elastic potential energy, when the metal impact block 10.8 slides to the position switch 10.6, the position switch 10.6 feeds back signals to the host 17, the host 17 stops supplying power to the two motors 10.2, at the moment, the metal impact block 10.8 has larger elastic potential energy, at the moment, the metal impact block 10.8 is rapidly moved towards the drill bit under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring until the metal impact block 10.8 impacts and collides with the drill bit 11, and the drill bit 11 transmits the impact force to a hole bottom rock closely contacted with the hole, so as to generate a seismic wave, and the excitation of a seismic source is completed; when the seismic wave propagates forwards, the abnormal structure is reflected, the reflected seismic wave is received by each detector 13, and then the signal is transmitted to the host computer 17 through the seismic signal transmission cable 14, and the host computer 17 can perform preliminary analysis processing on the seismic signal, so that whether the geological structure exists in front or not is judged, and the general position of the geological structure is identified.
(2) Transient while drilling electromagnetic detection: the detection instruction is sent to the transient electromagnetic device while drilling 9 through the host 17, the transient electromagnetic device while drilling 9 acquires transient electromagnetic signals of surrounding geology and feeds back to the host 17, the host 17 acquires geological conditions around the current geophysical prospecting position while drilling after analysis, and transient electromagnetic detection work is completed, and the specific process is as follows: the host 17 is connected with the transmitting coil 9.4 through the multi-core cable 7.2, the transmitting coil 9.4 transmits a step pulse magnetic field to the periphery, the pulse magnetic field can cause an induced vortex field when encountering a water body, the eight-channel receiving coil 9.5 can observe the induced vortex field and transmit received transient electromagnetic response data back to the host 17 through the multi-core cable 7.2, the host 17 carries out preliminary analysis processing on the transient electromagnetic signals, thereby judging whether the water body exists in front and identifying the general position of the water body; meanwhile, the high-precision inertial navigation module 9.8 records track information of azimuth angles, inclination angles and roll angles of the transient electromagnetic device 9 while drilling in real time, and transmits the track information back to the host 17 through the multi-core cable 7.2, and the host 17 can determine the specific positions of the transient electromagnetic device 9 while drilling and other detection devices in real time by combining drilling depth data. The drilling depth data can be obtained through calculation of the number of drilled drill rods and the length of a single drill rod, and can also be measured through other drilling depth measuring instruments.
(3) Detection by an electrical while drilling method: the method comprises the steps that a detection instruction is sent to an electrical while-drilling electrode device 7 through a host 17, at the moment, the electrical while-drilling electrode device 7 and a hole wall are in a coupling contact state so as to ensure that current can conduct bidirectionally between the electrical while-drilling electrode device 7 and the hole wall, then the electrical while-drilling electrode device 7 feeds detected electrical data back to the host 17, meanwhile, an external hole electrode 12 feeds the detected reference data back to the host 17, the host 17 obtains geological conditions around a current physical while-drilling detection position point after analysis, and the specific process is as follows: the specific process is as follows: the host 17 sends an electric signal to the driving motor 7.13 through the multi-core cable 7.2, the driving motor 7.13 drives the electric push rod 7.11 to move into the push rod oil cylinder 7.9, pressure is applied to the hydraulic oil 7.8 through the push rod piston 7.10, the hydraulic oil 7.8 transmits the pressure to the electrode piston 7.6, the electrode piston 7.6 compresses the conductive spring 7.5 and drives the electrode rod 7.4 to extend out of the drill rod and be in pressing contact with the drill hole wall, meanwhile, the host 17 applies test current to the electrode rod 7.4 of the first while-drilling electrode device 7 through the multi-core cable 7.2, when the host 17 receives the current through the second while-drilling electrode device 7, the fact that the electrode rods 7.4 of the two while-drilling electrode devices 7 are well coupled with the drill hole wall is explained, and at the moment, the host 17 controls the driving motor 7.13 to stop working, and the while-drilling electrode device 7 is in a detection state; then starting to detect, the host 17 emits detection current to the stratum through the second while-drilling electrode device 7 and the outer hole electrode 12, wherein the second while-drilling electrode device 7 is used as an electrode A, the outer hole electrode 12 is used as a reference electrode B, then the first while-drilling electrode device 7 and the drill bit 11 are used for receiving electric signals in the stratum and transmitting the electric signals to the host 17 through the multi-core cable 7.2, the first while-drilling electrode device 7 is used as an electrode M, the drill bit 11 is used as an electrode N, and the host 17 analyzes the received electric signals to obtain the conductivity and the polarization rate of the stratum around the hole bottom, and when a water body exists, the conductivity and the polarization rate at the place are abnormal (namely, the conductivity value and the polarization rate are larger), so that the position of the water body is detected and determined; when the detection is completed, the driving motor 7.13 is controlled by the host 17 to drive the electric push rod 7.11 to retract, and the electrode rod 7.4 is retracted into the drill rod under the action of suction force and the elastic force of the conductive spring 7.5.
(4) Drilling condition record: in the drilling process of the drilling machine 4, recording the rotation speed, the drilling weight, the drilling speed, the torque and the vibration data in the drilling process and drawing a relevant curve through a sensor and an automatic recorder which are configured by the drilling machine 4, and simultaneously recording whether the situation of sticking, the jump and the obvious change of the drilling backwater amount in the drilling process of the drilling machine 4 is recorded, so that the first detection process of the position point while drilling is completed;
E. the detection of each position point is continuously carried out: after the detection of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point is finished, starting the drilling machine 4 to continue drilling until the drill bit 11 reaches the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point, stopping drilling at the moment, and repeating the detection process of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point in the step D to finish the detection of the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point; when the drill bit 11 reaches the adjacent area of the abnormal body, the geophysical prospecting position points while drilling can be encrypted according to the requirement so as to acquire finer abnormal body detection data; repeating the steps until all the detection of the while-drilling geophysical prospecting position points are completed;
F. joint interpretation of the probe data: summarizing the while-drilling seismic exploration data, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic exploration data and the while-drilling electrical exploration data of all the while-drilling geophysical exploration position points recorded in the host 17, removing data points which cannot be used or have poor data quality, retaining data points with relatively good data quality, and then respectively inverting the summarized data of three while-drilling geophysical exploration modes, wherein the specific steps are as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly inverting the data of a first while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a second while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a third while-drilling detection position point, repeating the inversion until all while-drilling detection position points are covered, finally obtaining three inversion results of while-drilling detection, adopting the existing method in the inversion process, and then carrying out joint interpretation by combining drilling condition data recorded in the drilling process of the step (4), so that the specific azimuth of a geological structure, the water quantity of a water body and the specific position can be accurately judged.
If the advanced detection of the inclined drilling hole is required, as shown in fig. 3, the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment does not need to pass through the TBM shield shell 1, and only the angle between the driving and reversing slide rail 4.3 of the power head of the drilling machine and the circumferentially moving slide seat 4.1 of the drilling machine is required to be adjusted through the drilling angle adjusting mechanism 4.2, and the same detection mode is adopted in the subsequent drilling hole detection process and the advanced detection of the horizontal drilling hole, so that the advanced detection data of the inclined drilling hole can be obtained.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detection device for the TBM is characterized by comprising a drilling machine, a drilling machine circumferential moving slide rail, drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, a plurality of detectors, a host machine and an external hole electrode;
the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding rail is fixed on the outer circumference of the TBM main beam;
the drilling machine comprises a drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat, a drilling angle adjusting mechanism, a drilling machine power head advancing and retreating slide rail and a drilling machine power head, wherein the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat is arranged on the drilling machine circumferential movement slide rail and can move along the slide rail; the drilling angle adjusting mechanism is fixed on the upper part of the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat, the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail is arranged on the upper part of the drilling angle adjusting mechanism, and the drilling angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the angle of the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating sliding rail relative to the drilling machine circumferential movement sliding seat; the drilling machine power head is arranged on the drilling machine power head advancing and retreating slide rail and can move along the slide rail;
The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment comprises a cable drill rod group, two electrical while-drilling electrode devices, a transient electromagnetic device while drilling, an impact seismic source while drilling device while drilling and a drill bit, wherein the cable drill rod group is formed by coaxially connecting a plurality of cable drill rods; the two while-drilling electrical method electrode devices are used for acquiring data during while-drilling electrical method detection, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device is used for acquiring data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic detection, and the while-drilling impact seismic source device is used for exciting seismic waves during while-drilling seismic detection;
the detectors are respectively arranged on two side walls of the tunnel, and the detectors on each side wall are arranged in a row and are used for collecting seismic wave data during seismic exploration while drilling; the hole outer electrode is arranged in a gap of the tunnel bottom plate or the tunnel side wall and used for providing reference data when detecting by an electrical while drilling method; the main machine is arranged in the TBM control chamber, is connected with the wave detector, the external hole electrode, the while-drilling electric method electrode device, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device, the drilling machine and the while-drilling impact seismic source device, and is used for controlling the working states of the while-drilling electric method electrode device, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device, the drilling machine and the while-drilling impact seismic source device, acquiring data during while-drilling seismic exploration, data during while-drilling electric method exploration and data during while-drilling transient electromagnetic exploration, and determining geological conditions in front of the TBM after comprehensive analysis.
2. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for a TBM according to claim 1, wherein the while-drilling electrical method electrode device comprises an while-drilling electrical method drill pipe, an electrode rod, a conductive spring, an electrode piston, an electrode cylinder, a push rod cylinder, an electric push rod, a driving motor and a fixing bracket; the two ends of the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod are respectively and coaxially connected with the cable drill rod and the non-magnetic cable drill rod through the same type joint of the first cable drill rod, the driving motor is fixed in the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod through the fixing support, the extending end of the driving motor is provided with a push rod shell, one end of the electric push rod extends into the push rod shell and is coaxially connected with the extending end, the other end of the electric push rod is provided with a push rod piston, one end of each of a plurality of electrode cylinders is arranged on the side surface of the push rod cylinder and is communicated with the interior of the push rod cylinder, the other end of each of the electrode cylinders is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drilling-while-drilling electric drill rod, and the joint of each of the electrode cylinders and the inner wall is provided with a through hole; the other end of the electric push rod extends into the push rod oil cylinder through the opening, and the push rod piston is in sliding seal with the inner wall of the push rod oil cylinder; the electrode cylinders are internally provided with electrode rods and conductive springs, one ends of the electrode rods can extend out of the through holes, the other ends of the electrode rods are provided with electrode pistons, and sliding sealing is realized between the electrode pistons and the inner walls of the electrode cylinders; one end of the conductive spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drilling rod while drilling, and the other end of the conductive spring is fixed on the outer surface of the electrode rod close to the electrode piston, so that a conductive path is formed among the drilling rod while drilling, the conductive spring and the electrode rod; hydraulic oil is filled in the push rod oil cylinder and each electrode oil cylinder; the inner wall of the drill rod and the driving motor of the while-drilling electric method are connected with the host machine through multi-core cables, so that the host machine can apply current to the electrode rod and control the working state of the driving motor; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device does not work, one end of the electrode rod does not extend out of the drill rod of the while-drilling electrical method and is positioned in the through hole; when the while-drilling electrical method electrode device works, the driving motor enables the electric push rod to move into the push rod oil cylinder, and then pressure is applied to each electrode piston through hydraulic oil transmission pressure, when the pressure is larger than the deformation force of the conductive spring, one end of the electrode rod extends out of the drill rod of the while-drilling electrical method from the through hole, and the conductive spring is in a compressed state.
3. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated sounding device for a TBM of claim 1, wherein the while-drilling transient electromagnetic device comprises a transient electromagnetic drill pipe, two transmitting coils, an eight-channel receiving coil, a probe rod and a high-precision inertial navigation module; the two ends of the transient electromagnetic drill rod are respectively and coaxially connected with the non-magnetic cable drill rod and the while-drilling electrical method electrode device through second cable drill rod homotype connectors, the probe rod is arranged inside the transient electromagnetic drill rod, a first instrument bin and a second instrument bin are arranged inside the probe rod, and damping blocks are respectively arranged at the two ends of the probe rod and used for reducing vibration of the first instrument bin and the second instrument bin from outside; the eight-channel receiving coil and the two transmitting coils are both positioned in the first instrument bin, and the two transmitting coils are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the eight-channel receiving coil and are used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals; the high-precision inertial navigation module is arranged in the second instrument bin and is used for acquiring real-time pose data of the transient electromagnetic drill rod; the eight-channel receiving coil, the transmitting coil and the high-precision inertial navigation module are all connected with the host through multi-core cables and used for feeding data back to the host, and meanwhile, the working states of the eight-channel receiving coil, the transmitting coil and the high-precision inertial navigation module are controlled through the host.
4. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for a TBM according to claim 1, wherein the while-drilling impact source device comprises an impact source drill rod, two motors, a rope reel, a flexible steel rope, a spring holder, two position switches, a strong spring, a metal impact block and two impact block slide rails; one end of the impact focus drill rod is coaxially connected with the while-drilling electrical method electrode device through a third cable drill rod homotype joint, the other end of the impact focus drill rod is coaxially connected with the drill bit, two motors are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod, a rope winder is positioned between the two motors, two ends of the rope winder are respectively coaxially connected with output shafts of the two motors, a flexible steel rope is wound on the rope winder, two impact block sliding rails are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the impact focus drill rod, two ends of a metal impact block are respectively arranged on the two impact block sliding rails, and the metal impact block can move along the two impact block sliding rails in the impact focus drill rod; the spring fixer is fixed between the rope winder and the metal impact block, the strong spring is positioned between the spring fixer and the metal impact block, and two ends of the strong spring are respectively fixedly connected with the spring fixer and the metal impact block; one end of the flexible steel rope penetrates through the spring fixer to be fixedly connected with the metal impact block; the two position switches are symmetrically arranged on the two impact block sliding rails and are used for detecting the positions of the metal impact blocks; the host is connected with the two motors and the two position switches through multi-core cables and is used for controlling the working states of the two motors and receiving feedback signals of the two position switches; when not in work, the powerful spring is in an unstressed state; when the device works, the first stage is in a force storage state, at the moment, power is supplied to enable the two motors to rotate synchronously, the two motors wind the flexible steel rope through the rope winder, so that the metal impact block moves towards the direction of the rope winder, and meanwhile, the strong spring is stressed and compressed to increase elastic potential energy; the second stage is the impact stage, when the metal impact block reaches two position switches, the position switch feeds back signals to the host computer, the host computer stops supplying power to the two motors, and at the moment, the metal impact block rapidly moves towards the drill bit under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring and drives the flexible steel rope to extend until the metal impact block collides with the drill bit in an impact manner.
5. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for a TBM according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of horizontal drill pipe through holes are formed in the TBM shield casing, the horizontal drill pipe through holes are distributed in a ring shape, and drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can extend to the front of the TBM through the horizontal drill pipe through holes for detection when a drilling machine reaches a corresponding position.
6. The drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting apparatus for TBM according to claim 1, wherein said main body is connected to said extrahole electrode by an extrahole electrode cable, and said main body is connected to said geophone by a seismic signal transmission cable.
7. A method for advanced detection of a drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for TBM according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the specific steps of:
A. presetting a drill rod through hole: aiming at the TBM for carrying out tunneling operation, a plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes are arranged at the periphery of a TBM shield shell and the same height positions of a drilling machine in advance, the plurality of horizontal drill rod through holes are distributed in a ring shape, the aperture size of the horizontal drill rod through holes is larger than the diameter of a drill bit, and the drilling and geophysical prospecting integrated equipment can carry out horizontal drilling operation;
B. determining a lead detection section: analyzing geological conditions by combining the earlier investigation design data, geological records and surrounding rock states actually revealed by TBM tunneling to determine possible bad geological bodies and high risk sections; when TBM is tunneled to 20-40 m from the high risk section, stopping tunnelling, and preparing to implement advanced detection;
C. Assembling and arranging drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment: firstly, selecting a horizontal drill rod through hole preset in the step A according to the possible position of an abnormal body, controlling a drilling machine to move on a drilling machine circumferential moving slide rail, enabling a drilling machine power head and the selected horizontal drill rod through hole to be positioned on the same axis, then starting to assemble drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment, and after the completion, coaxially connecting one end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment with the drilling machine power head, and enabling a drill bit at the other end of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment to extend into the selected horizontal drill rod through hole;
D. and (3) performing advanced detection: before drilling advanced detection drilling holes, a plurality of geophysical prospecting position points along with drilling are set at different depths in advance, then a main machine is used for controlling the drilling machine to start, so that the drilling machine drives a drill bit to move forward along a driving and reversing slide rail of a power head of the drilling machine, the drill bit of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated equipment extends out of a TBM shield shell to carry out advanced drilling operation on a rock body in front, in the drilling process, drilling is stopped when the drill bit reaches the first geophysical prospecting position point along with drilling, the drill bit and rock at a hole bottom are kept in a close contact state, and the geophysical prospecting position point along with drilling is detected at the moment, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) seismic while drilling detection: sending a detection command to the while-drilling impact seismic source device through the host, exciting seismic waves in the drill hole by the while-drilling impact seismic source device, feeding the collected seismic data back to the host by each detector, and obtaining geological conditions around the current while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point after the host analyzes, so as to complete the seismic detection work;
(2) Transient while drilling electromagnetic detection: transmitting a detection instruction to the transient electromagnetic device while drilling through the host, acquiring transient electromagnetic signals of surrounding geology by the transient electromagnetic device while drilling, feeding back the transient electromagnetic signals to the host, and acquiring geological conditions around the current geophysical prospecting position point while drilling after the host analyzes the transient electromagnetic signals to complete transient electromagnetic detection work;
(3) detection by an electrical while drilling method: sending a detection instruction to the electrical while-drilling electrode device through the host, wherein the electrical while-drilling electrode device and the hole wall are in a coupling contact state at the moment so as to ensure that current can be conducted between the electrical while-drilling electrode device and the hole wall in a bidirectional manner, then feeding detected electrical data back to the host by the electrical while-drilling electrode device, feeding detected reference data back to the host by the external electrode of the hole, analyzing by the host, acquiring geological conditions around the current physical while-drilling detection position point, and completing electrical detection work;
(4) drilling condition record: in the drilling process of a drilling machine, recording data of rotating speed, drilling weight, drilling speed, torque and vibration in the drilling process and drawing a relevant curve through a sensor and an automatic recorder which are configured by the drilling machine, and simultaneously recording whether the situation of sticking, jumping and obvious change of the drilling backwater amount in the drilling process of the drilling machine is recorded, so that the first detection process of the position point while drilling is completed;
E. The detection of each position point is continuously carried out: after the detection of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point is finished, starting the drilling machine to continue drilling until the drill bit reaches the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point, stopping drilling at the moment, and repeating the detection process of the first while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point in the step D to finish the detection of the second while-drilling geophysical prospecting position point; repeating the steps until all the detection of the while-drilling geophysical prospecting position points are completed;
F. joint interpretation of the probe data: summarizing the while-drilling seismic detection data, the while-drilling transient electromagnetic detection data and the while-drilling electrical detection data of all the while-drilling geophysical detection position points recorded in the host, and then respectively inverting the summarized data of the three while-drilling geophysical detection, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of: the method comprises the steps of firstly inverting the data of a first while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a second while-drilling detection position point, then taking the model data of the inversion result as an initial model of a third while-drilling detection position point, repeating the inversion until all while-drilling detection position points are covered, finally obtaining three inversion results of while-drilling detection, and then carrying out joint interpretation by combining drilling condition data recorded in the drilling process of the step (4), so that the specific azimuth of a geological structure, the water quantity of a water body and the specific position can be accurately judged.
8. The advanced detection method of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for TBM according to claim 7, wherein the specific process of the seismic while drilling in step (1) is as follows: the main machine controls the two motors to synchronously drive the rope winder to rotate through the multi-core cable, further drives the metal impact block to move along the impact block sliding rail towards the rope winder through the winding flexible steel rope, simultaneously enables the powerful spring to compress and accumulate elastic potential energy, when the metal impact block slides to the position switch, the position switch feeds back signals to the main machine, the main machine stops supplying power to the two motors, at the moment, the metal impact block has larger elastic potential energy, at the moment, the metal impact block rapidly moves towards the drill bit under the action of the elastic potential energy of the powerful spring until the metal impact block collides with the drill bit, and the drill bit transmits the impact force to hole bottom rocks closely contacted with the metal impact block, so that earthquake waves are generated, and vibration source excitation is completed; when the seismic wave propagates forwards, the abnormal structure is reflected, the reflected seismic wave is received by each wave detector, and then the signals are transmitted to the host computer through the seismic signal transmission cable, so that the host computer can perform preliminary analysis processing on the seismic signals, judge whether the geological structure exists in front, and identify the general position of the geological structure.
9. The advanced detection method of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for TBM according to claim 7, wherein the transient electromagnetic while drilling detection in step (2) comprises the following specific procedures: the host machine is used for introducing step pulse current to the transmitting coil through the multi-core cable, the transmitting coil is used for transmitting step pulse magnetic fields to the periphery, the pulse magnetic fields can cause induced vortex fields in the transmitting coil when encountering water bodies, the eight-channel receiving coil can observe the induced vortex fields, the received transient electromagnetic response data are transmitted back to the host machine through the multi-core cable, and the host machine is used for carrying out preliminary analysis processing on the transient electromagnetic signals, so that whether the water bodies exist in the front or not is judged, and the general positions of the transient electromagnetic response data are identified; meanwhile, the high-precision inertial navigation module records track information of azimuth angles, inclination angles and roll angles of the transient electromagnetic device while drilling in real time, and transmits the track information back to the host through the multi-core cable, and the host can determine specific positions of the transient electromagnetic device while drilling and other detection devices in real time by combining drilling depth data.
10. The advanced detection method of the drilling geophysical prospecting integrated detecting device for TBM according to claim 7, wherein the specific detection process of the electrical while drilling method in step (3) is as follows: the specific process is as follows: the main machine sends an electric signal to the driving motor through the multi-core cable, the driving motor drives the electric push rod to move into the push rod oil cylinder, pressure is applied to hydraulic oil through the push rod piston, the pressure is transmitted to the electrode piston through the hydraulic oil, the electrode piston compresses the conductive spring and drives the electrode rod to extend out of the drill rod and be in compression contact with the wall of the drill hole, meanwhile, the main machine applies test current to the electrode rod of the first while-drilling electrode device through the multi-core cable, when the main machine receives the current through the second while-drilling electrode device, the electrode rods of the two while-drilling electrode devices are well coupled with the wall of the drill hole, the main machine controls the driving motor to stop working, and the while-drilling electrode device is in a detection state; then starting to detect, the host computer transmits detection current to the stratum through a second while-drilling electrode device and an external electrode of the hole, wherein the second while-drilling electrode device is used as an electrode A, the external electrode of the hole is used as a reference electrode B, then the first while-drilling electrode device and a drill bit are used for receiving electric signals in the stratum and transmitting the electric signals to the host computer through a multi-core cable, the first while-drilling electrode device is used as an electrode M, the drill bit is used as an electrode N, and the host computer analyzes and processes the received electric signals to obtain the conductivity and the polarization rate of the stratum around the hole bottom, and when a water body exists, the conductivity and the polarization rate at the place are abnormal, so that the position of the water body is detected and determined; when the detection is completed, the driving motor is controlled by the host computer to drive the electric push rod to retract, and the electrode rod is retracted into the drill rod under the action of suction force and the elastic force of the conductive spring.
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