CN104678427B - Rock tunnel(ling) machine breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method - Google Patents
Rock tunnel(ling) machine breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine and break rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method, comprise focus sensor array, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, noise transducer, and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, connect focus sensor array, receiving sensor and noise transducer, receive the noise signal of seismic signal and noise source.For the special circumstances in tunneler construction tunnel, adopt based on the source signal blind source separation method of independent component analysis theory, source signal reconstructing method and the method for carrying out powerful interference signal decay for sensor-lodging, the geological condition of final acquisition development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body can be realized, also may be used for evaluating the quality of surrounding rock waiting to excavate region, for development machine work layout, ensure that construction safety is offered reference.
Description
Technical field
Rock tunnel(ling) machine of the present invention breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method.
Background technology
Constructing tunnel adopts tunnel boring machine to construct and drill bursting construction usually, and compared with traditional drilling and blasting method, rock tunnel(ling) machine construction has the significant advantages such as mechanization degree is high, speed of application is fast, obtains increasing application in Practical Project.But the adaptability that rock tunnel(ling) machine changes geologic condition is poor, usually there is gushing water when meeting with bad geological section and to dash forward the geologic hazard such as mud, landslide, easily cause the card machine even major accident such as fatal crass.For avoiding the generation of geologic hazard and security incident in rock tunnel(ling) machine work progress, the most effective solution adopts advance geology exploration technology to find out workplace front adverse geological condition in advance exactly.
But be different from drilling and blasting method, tunneler construction tunnel has its singularity and complicacy: 1. rock tunnel(ling) machine has complicated metal construction and electrician's system, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) is very serious; 2. rock tunnel(ling) machine is bulky, occupies workplace rear major part tunnel space, causes the observation space that can be used for advance geology exploration very narrow and small; 3. rock tunnel(ling) machine a rate of advance is fast, and procedure connection is tight, and the time leaving advance geology exploration for is shorter.Restrict by these factors, the advance geology exploration method often used in drill bursting construction tunnel is difficult to well be applied in tunneler construction tunnel: the traditional electrical such as geological radar method, transient electromagnetic method magnetism method is by electromagnetic interference influence, and Effect on Detecting is unsatisfactory; The earthquake forward probe methods such as TSP, TRT are not suitable for the small space in development machine tunnel, and arrangement form is complicated, the set-up time is longer, has a strong impact on tunneler construction progress.
For this reason, propose the advance geology exploration method that some are specially adapted for tunneler construction tunnel both at home and abroad, but still there are some problems: BEAM (Bore-TunnelingElectricalAheadMonitoring) system 1. released by German GeohydraulicData company, BEAM is a kind of one-dimensional focusing class induced polarization method, detection range is short, large by electromagnetic interference influence, and testing apparatus is installed complicated, consuming time longer, has a strong impact on construction speed, 2. the seismic event forward probe method such as SSP (SonicSoftgroundProbing) and ISIS (IntegratedSeismicImagingSystem), observed pattern is comparatively simple, do not adopt effective three dimensions observed pattern, cause that ore body locating in space effect is poor, spatial resolution is also undesirable, 3. domestic patent of invention " a kind of geological advanced prediction method of the TBM of being suitable for construction " and " being that the tunnel of focus is with the shake forward probe device and method that picks up with development machine " have used for reference the drilling earthquake method in oil well logging, proposition utilizes Rock cutting signal to carry out advance geology exploration as focus, the former has continued to use the disposal route of HSP in drill+blast tunnel substantially, the powerful interference signal of rock vibrations is broken for development machine, do not take suitable denoising means, and the latter mainly for be boom-type roadheader comparatively conventional in mine working, boom-type roadheader only has a cutting head, the driving horn at cutting head rear also only has a source signal receiving sensor, by comparison, rock tunnel(ling) machine cutterhead area is huge and for the hobboing cutter One's name is legion of broken rock, broken rock vibrations difference between different hobboing cutter is very large, single sensor is only adopted to be difficult to obtain accurately, comprehensively broken rock vibrations feature.
In sum, due to the advantage of portraying in geologic body and in location, add that detection range is far away, seismic wave method is indispensable method in the detection of tunneler construction tunnel geological, further contemplate the construction characteristic of rock tunnel(ling) machine, utilizing broken rock vibrations to carry out advance geology exploration as focus is a kind of thinking preferably, but existing tunnel development machine breaks rock focus advance geology exploration method and also there is following problem: 1. the space arrangement form of receiving sensor is simple, do not adopt effective three dimensions observed pattern, and lack a kind of wave detector rapid installation device of combining closely with development machine excavating sequences and method, 2. do not carry out special noise remove for source signal and Received signal strength respectively, make S/N ratio of seismic records lower, affect detection accuracy, 3. rock mode is broken from only head of oil drilling and colliery boom-type roadheader different, rock tunnel(ling) machine cutterhead area is comparatively large and for the hobboing cutter One's name is legion of broken rock, broken rock vibrations difference between different hobboing cutter is very large, existing method only use only single focus sensor, is difficult to obtain accurately, comprehensively breaks rock vibrations feature.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problem, propose a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine and break rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method, the present invention can know the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof in time, the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body can be realized on the one hand, also may be used for evaluating the quality of surrounding rock waiting to excavate region on the other hand, for development machine work layout, ensure that construction safety is offered reference.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Rock tunnel(ling) machine breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device, comprises focus sensor array, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, noise transducer and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, wherein:
Described focus sensor array comprises multiple focus sensor arranged according to development machine cutterhead shape, is installed on hobboing cutter rear on cutterhead, receives source signal; Described focus sensor array is provided with positioning unit, gathers the locus residing for it;
Cutterhead is fixed on main shaft of boring machine, and main shaft of boring machine is provided with three groups of ring-shaped distributed receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangements thereof centered by it, breaks when rock vibrations are propagated in the earth formation and runs into for receiving cutterhead the seismic signal that unfavorable geologic body back reflection returns;
Described noise transducer is arranged on development machine noise source place, for recording the noise signal that each noise source produces;
Described hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, connects focus sensor array, receiving sensor and noise transducer, receives the noise signal of source signal and noise source;
Hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument also keeps communicating with development machine control system simultaneously, obtains development machine cutterhead running parameter in real time.
Described focus sensor array is arranged on development machine cutterhead rear, according to the distribution situation of hobboing cutter on cutterhead, hobboing cutter is divided into groups, install focus sensor at each hobboing cutter group rear, multiple focus sensor composition focus sensor array, the signal of focus sensor record is source signal.
Described source signal comprises useful signal and undesired signal, and described useful signal is the broken rock vibration signal of corresponding hobboing cutter group; Described undesired signal comprises the broken rock vibration signal of other hobboing cutter groups and the undesired signal of development machine noise source generation.
Described receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, comprise three-component seismometer, pressure transducer, front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut, hydraulic radial support bar, back up pad and bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail, back up pad two ends are respectively arranged with front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut, front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut all connect main shaft of boring machine, back up pad lower end is fixed on bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail by hydraulic radial support bar, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail sleeve is contained on main shaft of boring machine, back up pad is provided with pressure transducer and three-component seismometer.
All be connected through the hinge between described front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut and main shaft and back up pad and front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut.
Described development machine noise source comprises machine operation noise source, feed belt operation vibration noise source and construction noise source, development machine rear etc.
Described development machine cutterhead running parameter, comprises thrust, moment of torsion, rotating speed and stroke etc.
The rock tunnel(ling) machine applying said apparatus breaks a rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe method, comprises the following steps:
(1) before development machine will be started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, regulates back up pad that three-component seismometer is contacted with tunnel wall;
(2) development machine work is controlled, receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement ensures that back up pad and the absolute position of three-component seismometer in tunnel do not change, focus sensor, receiving sensor and noise transducer collection signal, and by recorded information real-time Transmission to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument;
(3) information that the reception of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument gathers carries out denoising to signal, reconstruct and equivalent normalizing, realize the conversion of unconventional broken rock focus seismologic record to conventional focus seismologic record, conveniently focus seismologic record disposal route afterwards, obtain p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section of front, tunnel and peripheral region, in conjunction with development machine cutterhead running parameter, the statistical relationship between fractal and rock strength index is drawn further by the mode of data fitting, to carry out the space distribution situation of prediction rock intensity index according to the space distribution of workplace front rock mass seismic reflection coefficient,
(4) according to the p-and s-wave velocity model, the 3-D seismics section that obtain, and in conjunction with the space distribution situation of rock strength index, know the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, realize the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body, and the quality of surrounding rock treating excavation region is evaluated, for development machine work layout, ensure that construction safety is offered reference;
(5) receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof return to original state, repeat step (1)-(4), proceed the work of next round.
In described step (1), when development machine is stopped work, for original state, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement entirety thereof are in retracted state, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail and back up pad are positioned at mobile path foremost, and hydraulic radial support bar and front hydraulic supporting strut are in contraction state simultaneously, rear hydraulic supporting strut is in extended state.
Described extended state refers to, hydraulic supporting strut upper end bar outwards extends under the driving of hydraulic means from bottom bar, the length of whole hydraulic supporting strut; Contraction state refers to, hydraulic supporting strut upper end bar is retracted in bottom bar and goes under the driving of hydraulic means, and the length of whole hydraulic supporting strut shortens.
In described step (1), before development machine will be started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast: hydraulic radial support bar slowly extends, drive front hydraulic supporting strut and rear hydraulic supporting strut to extend simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge, back up pad pushed outwards go out until three-component seismometer contacts with tunnel wall, for ensure three-component seismometer can with tunnel wall close contact, the excessive three-component seismometer that causes of distance simultaneously also preventing each hydraulic supporting strut from outwards pushing damages, when contact between three-component seismometer and tunnel wall reaches setting value, pressure transducer carries out feedback regulation to development machine control system, stop the motion of each hydraulic supporting strut, now three-component seismometer and tunnel wall close contact.
In described step (2), development machine is started working, while the continuous excavated surface of cutterhead, cutterhead and main shaft of boring machine also slowly move forward thereupon, therefore bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail relative main produces relative motion backward, front hydraulic supporting strut extends gradually, rear hydraulic supporting strut shortens gradually, and under the effect of hinge continuous adjusting angle, ensure that back up pad and the absolute position of three-component seismometer in tunnel do not change, namely in digging process, back up pad and three-component seismometer are not moved relative to tunnel wall, such guarantee sensor can receive seismic signal preferably.
In described step (2), cutterhead circumgyration incision rock produces vibrations, the focus sensor array that the broken rock vibrations of each hobboing cutter group are installed in cutterhead rear received, broken rock focus simultaneously earthquake-wave-exciting spreads to development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding, seismic event reflects after running into wave impedance interface, receive by the receiving sensor with tunnel wall close contact, simultaneously noise transducer is also in the noise signal that continuous recording noise source produces, focus sensor, receiving sensor and noise transducer by Signal transmissions to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument.
In described step (2), when development machine cutterhead and main shaft reach range, development machine quits work, hydraulic radial support bar slowly shortens, drive front hydraulic supporting strut and rear hydraulic supporting strut to shorten simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement entirety retraction thereof, now bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail and back up pad are all positioned at the rearmost end of mobile path.
In described step (3), seismic event information real time processing method comprises:
(3-1) source signal denoising: theoretical based on independent component analysis, source signal is carried out blind source separating, realize being separated of noise signal and effective seismic signal, the size of the source signal similarity coefficient that each signal that calculating separation obtains is corresponding with each hobboing cutter group, what similarity coefficient was maximum is effective source signal corresponding to this hobboing cutter group, is still designated as the source signal at this place;
(3-2) source signal reconstruct: consider that in tunneler construction process, cutterhead rotates the impact brought, needs the source signal after to denoising in (3-1) to process, rebuilds unified source signal;
(3-3) Received signal strength denoising: need the noise signal in conjunction with noise transducer record, carries out powerful interference signal decay to received signal, obtains effective seismic signal to be separated;
(3-4) broken rock signal equivalence normalization: source signal and the Received signal strength after denoising are carried out cross-correlation and deconvolution process, can be decayed incoherent noise further, and broken rock vibration signal is compressed into equivalent pulse signal, realize the equivalent normalization of unconventional broken rock focus, complete the conversion of unconventional broken rock focus seismologic record to conventional focus seismologic record;
(3-5) conveniently focus seismologic record disposal route proceeds the work such as filtering, P ripple and S ripple first break pickup, wave field separation, migration imaging, final p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section obtaining front, tunnel and peripheral region; Simultaneously, cutterhead thrust when excavating in conjunction with development machine, the running parameter of driving speed, draw the statistical relationship between fractal and rock strength index further by the mode of data fitting, carry out the space distribution situation of prediction rock intensity index according to the space distribution of workplace front rock mass seismic reflection coefficient.
The concrete grammar of described step (3-2) is: according to the distribution situation of hobboing cutter on cutterhead, cutterhead supposes a focus region in advance, rotate with cutterhead, the hobboing cutter group through this region is only had just to be considered to produce brokenly rock vibrations, the signal that focus sensor corresponding with it records within this time period is then considered to the source signal fragment in this time period, like this when cutterhead rotates a circle, all hobboing cutter groups and corresponding focus sensor thereof are all through a focus region, locus residing for any time each focus sensor self registering and the relativeness in focus region, extract corresponding source signal fragment in each source signal respectively and get up to form source signal according to time order and function sequential concatenation.
In described step (5), back up pad moves forward to mobile path foremost together under the drive of bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail, accordingly, front hydraulic supporting strut shortens, rear hydraulic supporting strut extends, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof return to again the original state described in step (1), can proceed the work of next round.
Principle of work of the present invention is: before development machine is started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, in the development machine course of work, utilize cutterhead to break rock vibrations as focus, the focus sensor array that broken rock vibration signal is installed in cutterhead rear received, the seismic event excited received sensor after wave impedance interface reflection received, the noise signal that development machine noise source produces is received by noise transducer, above-mentioned signal real-time Transmission is to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument and process in real time in conjunction with development machine cutterhead running parameter, for the special circumstances in tunneler construction tunnel, have employed a kind of source signal blind source separation method based on independent component analysis theory, source signal reconstructing method, and the method for powerful interference signal decay is carried out for sensor-lodging, finally can obtain p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body, and in conjunction with the space distribution situation of rock strength index, the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof can be known in time.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention utilizes rock tunnel(ling) machine to break rock focus to carry out advance geology exploration, safe and reliable and do not affect the normal workflow of development machine, be difficult to for traditional line class observation procedure the problem obtaining accurate wave speed distribution simultaneously, propose a kind of receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement, the three-dimensional total space that can realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, convenient and swift and combine closely with development machine excavating sequences, be specially adapted to the tunneler construction tunnel of " observation space narrow and small, detection time tightly urge ".
(2) consider that rock tunnel(ling) machine cutterhead area is larger, and for the hobboing cutter One's name is legion of broken rock, broken rock vibrations difference between different hobboing cutter is very large, single focus sensor is only adopted to be difficult to obtain accurately, comprehensively broken rock vibrations feature, the present invention proposes especially and obtains by focus sensor array the method that each hobboing cutter group breaks rock vibration signal, and for noise problem serious between each hobboing cutter group, propose a kind of source signal blind source separation method based on independent component analysis theory, being separated of noise signal and effective seismic signal can be realized, and further provide and be a kind ofly applicable to the source signal reconstructing method of multiple focus sensor simultaneously under measuring condition.
(3) the present invention is directed to the problem that in receiving sensor tracer signal, noise is serious, near development machine noise source, noise transducer recording noise signal is installed in position, and combine the noise signal recorded, propose a kind of method of carrying out powerful interference signal decay for sensor-lodging, effectively can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismologic record.
(4) the present invention is obtaining on the basis of p-and s-wave velocity model and 3-D seismics section by seismic wave method, consider cutterhead thrust during development machine excavation, the running parameters such as driving speed, the space distribution situation of rock strength index can be obtained, thus the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof can be obtained in real time, the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body can be realized on the one hand, also may be used for evaluating the quality of surrounding rock waiting to excavate region on the other hand, for development machine work layout, guarantee construction safety is offered reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that rock tunnel(ling) machine breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device and method overall schematic;
Fig. 2 is receiving sensor and support device structure schematic diagram thereof;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the source signal blind source separation method based on independent component analysis theory;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of focus sensor array arrangement form and focus Region dividing;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of source signal restructuring procedure;
Fig. 6 is course of work schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure: 1. development machine cutterhead, 2. main shaft of boring machine, 3. receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, 4. hydraulic supporting strut, 5. back up pad, 6. three-component seismometer before, 7. pressure transducer, 8. hydraulic supporting strut, 9. hydraulic radial support bar, 10. bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail after, 11. hinges, 12-1 ~ 12-6 hobboing cutter group, 13-1 ~ 13-6 focus sensor, 14. focus regions.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 2, Fig. 6, a kind of three-dimensional observation forward probe device breaking rock vibrations for development machine, mainly comprises focus sensor array, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof 3, noise transducer, and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument.
Focus sensor array is arranged on development machine cutterhead 1 rear, hobboing cutter divides into groups by the concrete distribution situation according to hobboing cutter on cutterhead, be respectively hobboing cutter grouping 12-1, hobboing cutter grouping 12-2, hobboing cutter grouping 12-3, hobboing cutter grouping 12-4, hobboing cutter grouping 12-5, hobboing cutter grouping 12-6, correct position at each hobboing cutter group rear installs focus sensor, be respectively focus sensor 13-1, focus sensor 13-2, focus sensor 13-3, focus sensor 13-4, focus sensor 13-5, focus sensor 13-6, multiple focus sensor composition focus sensor array, the signal of focus sensor record is called source signal, described source signal comprises useful signal (i.e. the broken rock vibration signal of corresponding hobboing cutter group) and noise signal (as: the broken rock vibration signal of other hobboing cutter groups, the undesired signal that development machine noise source produces), focus sensor is also with automatic positioning function simultaneously, can by residing locus real-time Transmission to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument.
Receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement 3 thereof are distributed with three groups in the form of a ring centered by main shaft of boring machine 2, corresponding tunnel vault and left and right haunch respectively, is specifically made up of parts such as three-component seismometer 6, pressure transducer 7, front hydraulic supporting strut 4, rear hydraulic supporting strut 8, hydraulic radial support bar 9, back up pad 5, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10 and hinges 11.Described front hydraulic supporting strut 4 one end is connected with main shaft of boring machine 2, the other end is connected with back up pad 5 one end, back up pad 5 other end is connected with rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 one end, and rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 other end is connected on main shaft of boring machine 2, and above connection is all completed by hinge 11.Described bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10 is nested on main shaft of boring machine 2 ringwise, is provided with hydraulic radial support bar 9 above, and hydraulic radial support bar 9 other end is connected with back up pad 5 bottom surface.Described three-component seismometer 6 and pressure transducer 7 are arranged in back up pad 5.
Noise transducer is arranged on position near development machine noise source (as machine operation noise, feed belt operation vibration noise, development machine rear construction noise etc.), for recording the noise signal that each noise source produces.
Each passage of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument is connected with noise transducer with focus sensor array, receiving sensor respectively, be responsible for storing and process the seismic event information of wave detector record, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument also keeps communicating with development machine control system simultaneously, can obtain development machine cutterhead 1 running parameter (as thrust, moment of torsion, rotating speed, stroke etc.) in real time.
First, when development machine is stopped work, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement 3 entirety thereof are in retracted state, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10 and back up pad 5 are positioned at mobile path foremost, and hydraulic radial support bar 9 and front hydraulic supporting strut 4 are in contraction state simultaneously, rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 is in extended state.
By the time before development machine will be started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, hydraulic radial support bar 9 slowly extends, drive front hydraulic supporting strut 4 and rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 to extend simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge 11, back up pad 5 pushed outwards go out until three-component seismometer 6 contacts with tunnel wall, when contact between three-component seismometer 6 and tunnel wall reaches setting value, pressure transducer 7 pairs of development machine control system carry out feedback regulation, stop the motion of each hydraulic supporting strut, now three-component seismometer 6 and tunnel wall close contact.
Then, development machine is started working, while cutterhead 1 constantly excavated surface, cutterhead 1 and main shaft of boring machine 2 also slowly move forward thereupon, therefore bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10 relative main 2 produces relative motion backward, front hydraulic supporting strut 4 extends gradually, rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 shortens gradually, and under the effect of hinge 11 continuous adjusting angle, ensure that back up pad 5 and the absolute position of three-component seismometer 6 in tunnel do not change.
On the other hand, cutterhead 1 circumgyration incision rock produces vibrations, the focus sensor array 13 that the broken rock vibrations of each hobboing cutter group 12 are installed in cutterhead 1 rear received, broken rock focus simultaneously earthquake-wave-exciting spreads to development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding, seismic event reflects after running into wave impedance interface, receive by the three-component seismometer 6 with tunnel wall close contact, noise transducer is also in the noise signal that continuous recording noise source produces simultaneously, above-mentioned focus sensor, the information real-time Transmission that receiving sensor and noise transducer record is to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, and process in real time in conjunction with development machine cutterhead running parameter.
Described seismic event information real time processing method mainly comprises:
1. source signal denoising: as shown in Figure 3, the broken rock source signal S=[s of n statistical iteration
1(t), s
2(t) ..., s
n(t)]
t, through unknown commingled system A, obtained source signal P=[p by m focus sensors observe
1(t), p
2(t) ..., p
m(t)]
t.Obtain linear instantaneous mixture model P=AS based on independent component analysis theory, wherein A is that m × n ties up hybrid matrix.
Blind source separating to be carried out to source signal P, first tackle it and carry out zero-mean, even
wherein E (P) mathematical expectation that is P, in actual computation, available arithmetic mean value replaces.
Then right
carry out nodularization, definition sphering matrix T=Λ
-1u
t, wherein U and Λ represents respectively
the eigenvectors matrix of covariance matrix and eigenvalue matrix, then P becomes nodularization vector after projecting to new subspace
Finally obtain separating resulting Y by after the orthogonal transformation of nodularization vector Z, make its each component independent as much as possible, and be broken the best fit approximation of rock source signal S, specifically can adopt based on the maximum point of fixity algorithm of negentropy, utilize following iterative formula to calculate W:
Being separated of noise signal and effective seismic signal is achieved like this by blind source separating.
The size of similarity coefficient between each isolated component of further calculating separating resulting Y and each component of original source signal P, what similarity coefficient was maximum is effective source signal corresponding to this hobboing cutter group, is still designated as the source signal at this place, supposes y
i=[η
1, η
2..., η
k] and p
i=[ξ
1, ξ
2..., ξ
k] being respectively any isolated component of separating resulting Y and any component of source signal P, then the computing formula of similarity coefficient is as follows:
2. source signal reconstruct: consider that in tunneler construction process, cutterhead 1 rotates the impact brought, needs to process the source signal after 1. middle denoising, rebuilds unified source signal.
As shown in Figure 4, be first divided into 6 hobboing cutter group 12-1# ~ 12-6# according to the distribution situation of hobboing cutter on cutterhead 1, and the correct position at each hobboing cutter group 12 rear installs focus sensor 13-1# ~ 13-6#.
Then, cutterhead supposes a focus region 14 in advance, with the rotation of cutterhead 1, only have the hobboing cutter group 12 through this region 14 to be just considered to produce brokenly rock vibrations, the signal that focus sensor 13 corresponding with it records within this time period is then considered to the source signal fragment in this time period.Like this when cutterhead 1 rotates a circle, hobboing cutter group 12-1# ~ 12-6#, focus sensor 13-1# ~ 13-6# are successively through focus region 14, the seismic signal that focus sensor 13-1# ~ 13-6# records is as shown on the left of Fig. 5, locus residing for any time each focus sensor 13 and the relativeness in focus region 14, according to method shown in Fig. 5, extract corresponding source signal fragment in each source signal respectively and get up according to time order and function sequential concatenation and just constitute source signal.
3. Received signal strength denoising: first construct convolution model
represent the Received signal strength that receiving sensor An arrayed recording obtains, g in formula
irepresent the record that i-th receiving sensor receives, N
kfor the powerful interference signal (supposing total M noise source) that a kth noise source produces, h
ifor noise source is to the transition function of i-th receiving sensor,
for the source signal of reconstruct, l
irepresent from cutterhead position to the transition function of i-th receiving sensor.
Wherein, N
kcan be approximated by
n
kjfor the undesired signal of the kth noise source generation that a jth noise transducer receives, t
jit is the corresponding travel-time; Transition function h
ibe approximated by its unbiased esti-mator
Can be eliminated wave detector record after an above-mentioned M powerful interference signal like this
obtain effective earthquake Received signal strength.
4. broken rock signal equivalence normalization: source signal and the Received signal strength after denoising are carried out cross-correlation and deconvolution process, can be decayed incoherent noise further, and broken rock vibration signal is compressed into equivalent pulse signal, realize the equivalent normalization of unconventional broken rock focus;
5. by 1. above-mentioned-4., complete the conversion of unconventional broken rock focus seismologic record to conventional focus seismologic record, conveniently focus seismologic record disposal route can proceed the work such as filtering, P ripple and S ripple first break pickup, wave field separation, migration imaging afterwards, final p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section obtaining front, tunnel and peripheral region.
Meanwhile, base area seismic data processing result can also obtain the situation of change of seismic reflection coefficient in a certain region along the line, tunnel, when development machine is through this region, in conjunction with development machine cutterhead thrust F
n, driving speed P
edeng running parameter, utilize formula
can obtain the situation of change of rock strength index, wherein C is constant.Then, the statistical relationship of fractal and rock strength index can be drawn by the mode of data fitting further, so just can carry out the space distribution situation of prediction rock intensity index according to the space distribution of workplace front rock mass seismic reflection coefficient.
After above-mentioned seismic event information real time processing completes, the p-and s-wave velocity model comprehensively obtained, 3-D seismics section, and in conjunction with the space distribution situation of rock strength index, the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof can be known in time, the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body can be realized on the one hand, also may be used for evaluating the quality of surrounding rock waiting to excavate region on the other hand, for the selection of development machine digging mode, support form is offered help.
Afterwards, when development machine cutterhead 1 and main shaft 2 reach range, development machine quits work, hydraulic radial support bar 9 slowly shortens, drive front hydraulic supporting strut 4 and rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 to shorten simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge 11, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement 3 entirety retraction thereof, now bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10 and back up pad 5 are all positioned at the rearmost end of mobile path.
Finally, back up pad 5 moves forward to mobile path foremost together under the drive of bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail 10, accordingly, front hydraulic supporting strut 4 shortens, rear hydraulic supporting strut 8 extends, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement 3 thereof return to again original state residing when development machine is stopped work, and can proceed the work of next round.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. rock tunnel(ling) machine breaks rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe device, it is characterized in that: comprise focus sensor array, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, noise transducer and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, wherein:
Described focus sensor array comprises multiple focus sensor arranged according to development machine cutterhead shape, is installed on hobboing cutter rear on cutterhead, receives source signal; Described focus sensor array is provided with positioning unit, gathers the locus residing for it;
Cutterhead is fixed on main shaft of boring machine, and main shaft of boring machine is provided with three groups of ring-shaped distributed receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangements thereof centered by it, breaks when rock vibrations are propagated in the earth formation and runs into for receiving cutterhead the seismic signal that unfavorable geologic body back reflection returns;
Described noise transducer is arranged on development machine noise source place, for recording the noise signal that each noise source produces;
Described hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, connects focus sensor array, receiving sensor and noise transducer, receives the noise signal of source signal and noise source;
Hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument also keeps communicating with development machine control system simultaneously, obtains development machine cutterhead running parameter in real time;
Described receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, comprise three-component seismometer, pressure transducer, front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut, hydraulic radial support bar, back up pad and bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail, back up pad two ends are respectively arranged with front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut, front hydraulic supporting strut, rear hydraulic supporting strut all connect main shaft of boring machine, back up pad lower end is fixed on bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail by hydraulic radial support bar, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail sleeve is contained on main shaft of boring machine, back up pad is provided with pressure transducer and three-component seismometer.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described focus sensor array is arranged on development machine cutterhead rear, according to the distribution situation of hobboing cutter on cutterhead, hobboing cutter is divided into groups, at each hobboing cutter group rear, focus sensor is installed, multiple focus sensor composition focus sensor array, the signal of focus sensor record is source signal;
Described source signal comprises useful signal and undesired signal, and described useful signal is the broken rock vibration signal of corresponding hobboing cutter group; Described undesired signal comprises the broken rock vibration signal of other hobboing cutter groups and the undesired signal of development machine noise source generation.
3. application rights requires that the rock tunnel(ling) machine of the device described in 1 or 2 breaks a rock focus 3-D seismics forward probe method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) before development machine will be started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, regulates back up pad that three-component seismometer is contacted with tunnel wall;
(2) development machine work is controlled, receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement ensures that back up pad and the absolute position of three-component seismometer in tunnel do not change, focus sensor, receiving sensor and noise transducer collection signal, and by recorded information real-time Transmission to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument;
(3) information that the reception of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument gathers carries out denoising to signal, reconstruct and equivalent normalizing, realize the conversion of unconventional broken rock focus seismologic record to conventional focus seismologic record, conveniently focus seismologic record disposal route afterwards, obtain p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section of front, tunnel and peripheral region, in conjunction with development machine cutterhead running parameter, the statistical relationship between fractal and rock strength index is drawn further by the mode of data fitting, to carry out the space distribution situation of prediction rock intensity index according to the space distribution of workplace front rock mass seismic reflection coefficient,
(4) according to the p-and s-wave velocity model, the 3-D seismics section that obtain, and in conjunction with the space distribution situation of rock strength index, know the geological condition of development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding rock body and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, realize the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body, and the quality of surrounding rock treating excavation region is evaluated, for development machine work layout, ensure that construction safety is offered reference;
(5) receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof return to original state, repeat step (1)-(4), proceed the work of next round.
4. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), when development machine is stopped work, for original state, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement entirety thereof are in retracted state, bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail and back up pad are positioned at mobile path foremost, and hydraulic radial support bar and front hydraulic supporting strut are in contraction state simultaneously, rear hydraulic supporting strut is in extended state.
5. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), before development machine will be started working, the three-dimensional total space utilizing receiving sensor bracing or strutting arrangement to realize receiving sensor in tunnel is arranged fast, hydraulic radial support bar slowly extends, drive front hydraulic supporting strut and rear hydraulic supporting strut to extend simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge, back up pad pushed outwards go out until three-component seismometer contacts with tunnel wall, when contact between three-component seismometer and tunnel wall reaches setting value, pressure transducer carries out feedback regulation to development machine control system, stop the motion of each hydraulic supporting strut, now three-component seismometer and tunnel wall close contact.
6. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), development machine is started working, while the continuous excavated surface of cutterhead, cutterhead and main shaft of boring machine also slowly move forward thereupon, therefore bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail relative main produces relative motion backward, front hydraulic supporting strut extends gradually, rear hydraulic supporting strut shortens gradually, and under the effect of hinge continuous adjusting angle, ensure that back up pad and the absolute position of three-component seismometer in tunnel do not change;
In described step (2), cutterhead circumgyration incision rock produces vibrations, the focus sensor array that the broken rock vibrations of each hobboing cutter group are installed in cutterhead rear received, broken rock focus simultaneously earthquake-wave-exciting spreads to development machine workplace front and tunnel surrounding, seismic event reflects after running into wave impedance interface, receive by the receiving sensor with tunnel wall close contact, simultaneously noise transducer is also in the noise signal that continuous recording noise source produces, focus sensor, receiving sensor and noise transducer by Signal transmissions to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument;
In described step (2), when development machine cutterhead and main shaft reach range, development machine quits work, hydraulic radial support bar slowly shortens, drive front hydraulic supporting strut and rear hydraulic supporting strut to shorten simultaneously, again in conjunction with the angle regulating function of each position upper hinge, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement entirety retraction thereof, now bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail and back up pad are all positioned at the rearmost end of mobile path.
7. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), seismic event information real time processing method comprises:
(3-1) source signal denoising: theoretical based on independent component analysis, source signal is carried out blind source separating, realize being separated of noise signal and effective seismic signal, the size of the source signal similarity coefficient that each signal that calculating separation obtains is corresponding with each hobboing cutter group, what similarity coefficient was maximum is effective source signal corresponding to this hobboing cutter group, is still designated as the source signal at this place;
(3-2) source signal reconstruct: consider that in tunneler construction process, cutterhead rotates the impact brought, needs the source signal after to denoising in (3-1) to process, rebuilds unified source signal;
(3-3) Received signal strength denoising: need the noise signal in conjunction with noise transducer record, carries out powerful interference signal decay to received signal, obtains effective seismic signal to be separated;
(3-4) broken rock signal equivalence normalization: source signal and the Received signal strength after denoising are carried out cross-correlation and deconvolution process, further decay incoherent noise, and broken rock vibration signal is compressed into equivalent pulse signal, realize the equivalent normalization of unconventional broken rock focus, complete the conversion of unconventional broken rock focus seismologic record to conventional focus seismologic record;
(3-5) conveniently focus seismologic record disposal route proceeds filtering, P ripple and S ripple first break pickup, wave field separation, migration imaging work, final p-and s-wave velocity model and the 3-D seismics section obtaining front, tunnel and peripheral region; Simultaneously, cutterhead thrust when excavating in conjunction with development machine, the running parameter of driving speed, draw the statistical relationship between fractal and rock strength index by the mode of data fitting, carry out the space distribution situation of prediction rock intensity index according to the space distribution of workplace front rock mass seismic reflection coefficient.
8. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described step (3-2) is: according to the distribution situation of hobboing cutter on cutterhead, cutterhead supposes a focus region in advance, rotate with cutterhead, the hobboing cutter group through this region is only had just to be considered to produce brokenly rock vibrations, the signal that focus sensor corresponding with it records within this time period is then considered to the source signal fragment in this time period, like this when cutterhead rotates a circle, all hobboing cutter groups and corresponding focus sensor thereof are all through a focus region, locus residing for any time each focus sensor self registering and the relativeness in focus region, extract corresponding source signal fragment in each source signal respectively and get up to form source signal according to time order and function sequential concatenation.
9. 3-D seismics forward probe method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), back up pad moves forward to mobile path foremost together under the drive of bracing or strutting arrangement guide rail, accordingly, front hydraulic supporting strut shortens, rear hydraulic supporting strut extends, receiving sensor and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof return to again the original state described in step (1), can proceed the work of next round.
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