CN114352299A - Parallel advanced extra-deep geological prediction method under deep-buried long tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) construction condition - Google Patents
Parallel advanced extra-deep geological prediction method under deep-buried long tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) construction condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parallel advanced extra-deep geological forecasting method under the TBM construction condition of a deep-buried long tunnel, which comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out geological survey on the deep-buried long tunnel to be constructed, and acquiring geological information including stratum lithology, faults and rock erosion and weathering of the tunnel and surrounding rocks nearby the tunnel; 2) preliminarily judging the position of geological defects needing to be forecasted in advance according to geological survey acquisition information, and determining the arrangement position of advanced drilling holes by combining the length of a TBM (tunnel boring machine), the normal tunneling speed of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling speed of a directional drilling machine; 3) excavating a small directional drilling machine operation ear hole at a side wall at a horizontal distance L from the rear part of the position where geological defects need to be forecasted in advance; 4) and analyzing according to the sequence of rock slag collection and study, drilling observation, in-hole video recording and in-hole test, and forecasting geological defects and hazard degree. The method can accurately forecast the type and the hazard degree of the geological disaster under the condition of basically not influencing the construction efficiency of the TBM.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel construction technology, in particular to a parallel advanced ultra-deep geological prediction method under the TBM construction condition of a deeply-buried long tunnel.
Background
Due to the objective complex variability of geological conditions, the state and the characteristics of an engineering rock mass are completely found out before construction, and the position, the property and the scale of a geological disaster possibly occurring in tunnel construction are very difficult to accurately judge. For a deeply buried long tunnel, the problems of water burst and mud outburst, high external water pressure, hard rock burst, soft rock deformation and the like are usually encountered, the safety risk of constructors and equipment is huge, advanced geological forecast is carried out in the tunnel construction process, and the recognition of the geological condition in front of a tunnel face is deepened continuously, so that the method is one of key factors for ensuring the construction speed and safety.
The conventional advanced geological forecast is mainly based on geological analysis of geological conditions, and is carried out by combining geophysical prospecting methods such as a seismic method, an electromagnetic method and the like and combining conventional advanced drilling. For a deeply-buried long tunnel, deep geological conditions change greatly, and geological analysis has limitations; the geophysical prospecting test has multiple resolvability and uncertainty, and is influenced by a TBM space and an electromagnetic system thereof under the TBM construction condition, so that the practicability of the geophysical prospecting test is limited by various limitations; the detection depth is smaller, generally 30-50m, and the TBM is required to stop the drilling operation beyond the advance drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a parallel advanced ultra-deep geological prediction method under the TBM construction condition of a deep-buried long tunnel aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a parallel advanced ultra-deep geological prediction method under the construction condition of a deeply buried long tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out geological survey on the deep-buried long tunnel to be constructed, and acquiring geological information including stratum lithology, faults and rock erosion and weathering of the tunnel and surrounding rocks nearby the tunnel;
2) according to the geological survey information, preliminarily judging the position of geological defects needing advanced prediction, and combining the length L of the TBM tunneling machine1Normal tunneling speed V of tunneling machineMachine for workingDrilling speed V of directional drilling machineDrillDetermining the arrangement position of the advanced drilling hole, excavating on the tunnel wall to form an operation ear hole according to the arrangement position of the advanced drilling hole, and arranging a directional drilling machine in the ear hole; (ii) a
The front drill hole arrangement position is determined as follows:
2.1) if the drilling direction of the directional drill is set to be parallel to the TBM tunneling direction;
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for working*t；
Due to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect which is preliminarily judged in the early stageThe advanced forecast safety distance of poor and geological defects is L3；
Advancing the drilling distance L of the parallel guide holes in the same time1+L2+L3＝VDrillT; then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
Advancing the arrangement position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
2.2) if the drilling direction of the directional drill and the TBM tunneling direction form an included angle alpha:
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for workingT; setting the advanced forecasting safety distance of the geological defect as L according to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect preliminarily judged in the early stage3(ii) a The projection distance L of the drilling depth in the TBM direction in the same time of advancing the parallel guide holes1+L2+L3＝VDrillT cos α; then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill bitcosα-VMachine for working)
Advancing the position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill*cosα/(VDrill*cosα-VMachine for working)
3) Excavating a small directional drilling machine operation ear hole at a side wall at a position which is at a horizontal distance L from the rear of a position where geological defects need to be forecasted in advance, wherein the operation ear hole is arranged close to the tail of the TBM as much as possible; excavating the operation ear hole by installing a directional drill with specified size;
4) analyzing according to the sequence of rock slag collection and study, drilling observation, in-hole video recording and in-hole testing, and forecasting geological defects and hazard degree;
4.1) carrying out rock slag research and judgment by utilizing rock slag brought out by a slag outlet device of the directional drilling machine, wherein the rock slag research and judgment comprises lithologic characteristics, corrosion weathering characteristics and rock slag grading characteristics of the rock slag;
4.2) the drilling observation is to observe the water outlet characteristics of the drill hole, including the depth position of water inrush, the water inrush quantity and the water inrush pressure;
4.3) carrying out in-hole video recording on a hole section to be subjected to in-hole video recording based on the results of rock residue judgment and drilling observation, and carrying out in-hole video recording by using a drill rod;
4.4) completely pulling out all drilling tools in the hole in the section needing to be subjected to rock mechanical property testing, replacing the drilling tools with core drilling tools, drilling down to perform core drilling, taking out all the drilling tools in the hole to the earth surface again after the core drilling is finished, replacing the drilling tools with comprehensive guide drill bits, continuing the guide drilling, realizing interval core drilling, and performing indoor mechanical property testing on the taken out core;
4.5) carrying out ground stress and water permeability on the ground, lifting a drill to install a water pressing device, carrying out a hydraulic fracturing test, and measuring the ground stress of a hole section and the water permeability characteristics of a rock mass. And (3) carrying out radioactive or geothermal hole section, lifting the drill and installing a cable-free storage type logging instrument, and detecting the radioactive, hole temperature and other parameters of the drilling surrounding rock.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method uses the small directional drilling machine to realize advanced geological forecast, breaks through the limitations of large uncertainty, influence on TBM construction efficiency, small advanced forecast distance and the like in the forecasting process caused by the conventional geological analysis → geophysical prospecting test → advanced drilling method, realizes advanced ultra-deep forecast under the TBM parallel condition, accurately forecasts the type and the hazard degree of the geological disaster under the condition of basically not influencing the TBM construction efficiency, and reserves time for the preprocessing process of the geological disaster under the TBM construction condition.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a parallel advanced extra-deep geological forecasting device under the condition of deep-buried long tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating arrangement prediction when an included angle alpha is formed between the drilling machine direction of the directional drilling machine and the TBM tunneling direction;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the construction ear holes according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the parallel advanced ultra-deep geological forecasting device comprises a working ear hole 3 and a small directional drilling machine 4, wherein the small directional drilling machine is arranged in the working ear hole, and the working ear hole is positioned in a side wall of a main hole behind a TBM (tunnel boring machine).
A parallel advanced ultra-deep geological prediction method under the construction condition of a deeply buried long tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out geological survey on the deep-buried long tunnel to be constructed, and acquiring geological information including stratum lithology, faults and rock erosion and weathering of the tunnel and surrounding rocks nearby the tunnel;
2) according to the geological survey information, preliminarily judging the position of geological defects needing advanced prediction, and combining the length L of the TBM tunneling machine1Normal tunneling speed V of tunneling machineMachine for workingDrilling speed V of directional drilling machineDrillDetermining the arrangement position of the advanced drilling;
the front drill hole arrangement position is determined as follows:
2.1) if the drilling direction of the directional drill is set to be parallel to the TBM tunneling direction;
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for working*t；
Due to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect preliminarily judged in the early stage, the advanced forecasting safety distance of the geological defect is L3；
Advancing the drilling distance L of the parallel guide holes in the same time1+L2+L3＝VDrillT; then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
Advancing the arrangement position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
2.2) if the drilling direction of the directional drilling and the TBM tunneling direction form an included angle alpha (figure 2):
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for workingT; due to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect preliminarily judged in the early stage, the advanced forecasting safety distance of the geological defect is L3(ii) a The projection distance L of the drilling depth in the TBM direction in the same time of advancing the parallel guide holes1+L2+L3＝VDrillT cos (α); then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill bitcos(α)-VMachine for working)
Advancing the position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill*cos(α)/(VDrill*cos(α)-VMachine for working)
3) In order to reduce the depth of the advanced drilling hole to the maximum extent and save the operation time, the operation ear hole is arranged close to the tail part of the TBM machine as much as possible, and the operation ear hole of the small-sized directional drilling machine is excavated at the side wall at the position L away from the rear horizontal distance of the geological defect to be predicted; the working ear hole installation directional drilling work is excavation with specified dimensions, generally 6.0m × 4.0m × 3.0m (length × width × height), fig. 3.
In this implementation, the usable TBM belt feeder of slagging tap of small-size directional drilling machine arranges, further reduces operation ear hole excavation scope, improves work efficiency, like figure 3.
Based on geological conditions and the special requirements of geological defects, the direction of a drilling machine of the drilling machine can be adjusted to meet the actual requirements.
a. If the geological defect to be detected in front is a special rock stratum or fault intersected with the tunnel at a large angle, the directional drilling direction is kept to drill in parallel with the main tunnel, and the figure 1 is shown;
b. if the geological defects to be detected in the front are irregular lump-shaped distributed karst caves or special rock masses, the geological defects preliminarily determined by the geological survey in the previous period are taken as the guide to adjust the drilling direction, and the figure 2 is shown.
4) And analyzing according to the sequence of rock slag collection, study and judgment, drilling observation, in-hole video recording and in-hole testing, dynamically optimizing the subsequent work flow under the condition that geological defect prediction can be realized in the front step, and more directly and accurately forecasting the geological defects and the hazard degree while improving the working efficiency.
a. Rock slag research and judgment are directly carried out by utilizing rock slag brought by a slag outlet device of a directional drilling machine, wherein the rock slag research and judgment comprises lithological characteristics, corrosion weathering characteristics and rock slag grading characteristics of the rock slag;
b. the drilling observation refers to directly observing the water outlet characteristics of the drill hole, including the water inflow depth position, the water inflow quantity and the water inflow pressure;
c. based on rock slag judgment and drilling observation, carrying out in-hole video recording on a hole section to be subjected to in-hole video recording, and carrying an in-hole camera by using a drill rod to carry out in-hole video recording;
d. in the section of rock mechanical property testing, all drilling tools in the hole are completely lifted out, the drilling tools are replaced by core drilling tools, core drilling is carried out by drilling, after the core drilling is finished, all the drilling tools in the hole are taken out again to the ground surface, the drilling tools are replaced by comprehensive guide drill bits, the guide drilling is continued, the interval core drilling is realized, and the indoor mechanical property test is carried out on the taken-out rock core;
f. and lifting the drill bit to install water pressing equipment to the ground stress and water permeability required to be carried out, carrying out a hydraulic fracturing test, and measuring the ground stress of the hole section and the water permeability characteristic of the rock mass. And (3) carrying out radioactive or geothermal hole section, lifting the drill and installing a cable-free storage type logging instrument, and detecting the radioactive, hole temperature and other parameters of the drilling surrounding rock.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A parallel advanced ultra-deep geological prediction method under the construction condition of a deeply buried long tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out geological survey on the deep-buried long tunnel to be constructed, and acquiring geological information including stratum lithology, faults and rock erosion and weathering of the tunnel and surrounding rocks nearby the tunnel;
2) obtaining information according to geological survey and primarily judgingForecasting the position of the geological defect in advance when the geological defect is needed, and combining the length L of the TBM tunneling machine1Normal tunneling speed V of tunneling machineMachine for workingDrilling speed V of directional drilling machineDrillDetermining the arrangement position of the advanced drilling hole, excavating on the tunnel wall to form an operation ear hole according to the arrangement position of the advanced drilling hole, and arranging a directional drilling machine in the ear hole; (ii) a
The front drill hole arrangement position is determined as follows:
2.1) if the drilling direction of the directional drill is set to be parallel to the TBM tunneling direction;
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for working*t；
Due to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect preliminarily judged in the early stage, the advanced forecasting safety distance of the geological defect is L3；
Advancing the drilling distance L of the parallel guide holes in the same time1+L2+L3＝VDrillT; then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
Advancing the arrangement position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill/(VDrill-VMachine for working)
2.2) if the drilling direction of the directional drill and the TBM tunneling direction form an included angle alpha:
setting TBM length to L1(ii) a Advancing the parallel drilling construction period, and TBM tunneling the length L at the same time2＝VMachine for workingT; setting the advanced forecasting safety distance of the geological defect as L according to the construction safety requirement and the position error of the geological defect preliminarily judged in the early stage3(ii) a The projection distance L of the drilling depth in the TBM direction in the same time of advancing the parallel guide holes1+L2+L3＝VDrillT cos α; then:
advanced drilling operation time: t ═ L1+L3)/(VDrill bitcosα-VMachine for working)
Advancing the position of the drilling machine: l ═ L (L)1+L3)*VDrill*cosα/(VDrill*cosα-VMachine for working)
3) Excavating a small directional drilling machine operation ear hole at a side wall at a position which is at a horizontal distance L from the rear of a position where geological defects need to be forecasted in advance, wherein the operation ear hole is arranged close to the tail of the TBM as much as possible; excavating the operation ear hole by installing a directional drill with specified size;
4) and analyzing according to the sequence of rock slag collection and study, drilling observation, in-hole video recording and in-hole test, and forecasting geological defects and hazard degree.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the geological defects and the degree of damage are forecasted by analyzing according to the sequence of rock slag collection and study, drilling observation, video recording in the hole and testing in the hole, and the method comprises the following steps:
4.1) carrying out rock slag research and judgment by utilizing rock slag brought out by a slag outlet device of the directional drilling machine, wherein the rock slag research and judgment comprises lithologic characteristics, corrosion weathering characteristics and rock slag grading characteristics of the rock slag;
4.2) the drilling observation is to observe the water outlet characteristics of the drill hole, including the depth position of water inrush, the water inrush quantity and the water inrush pressure;
4.3) carrying out in-hole video recording on a hole section to be subjected to in-hole video recording based on the results of rock residue judgment and drilling observation, and carrying out in-hole video recording by using a drill rod;
4.4) completely pulling out all drilling tools in the hole in the section needing to be subjected to rock mechanical property testing, replacing the drilling tools with core drilling tools, drilling down to perform core drilling, taking out all the drilling tools in the hole to the earth surface again after the core drilling is finished, replacing the drilling tools with comprehensive guide drill bits, continuing the guide drilling, realizing interval core drilling, and performing indoor mechanical property testing on the taken out core;
4.5) carrying out ground stress and water permeability on the ground, lifting a drill to install a water pressing device, carrying out a hydraulic fracturing test, and measuring the ground stress of a hole section and the water permeability characteristics of a rock mass. And (3) carrying out radioactive or geothermal hole section, lifting the drill and installing a cable-free storage type logging instrument, and detecting the radioactive, hole temperature and other parameters of the drilling surrounding rock.
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