CN113551637B - Monitoring device and method for surrounding rock deformation in whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM - Google Patents
Monitoring device and method for surrounding rock deformation in whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM Download PDFInfo
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- CN113551637B CN113551637B CN202110644654.8A CN202110644654A CN113551637B CN 113551637 B CN113551637 B CN 113551637B CN 202110644654 A CN202110644654 A CN 202110644654A CN 113551637 B CN113551637 B CN 113551637B
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation in the whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM. The device comprises a lead drilling machine, an array type displacement meter, a data acquisition device and a multipoint displacement meter; the advanced drilling rig is arranged on the TBM; the advanced drilling machine drills holes in the upper half part of the tunnel excavation within 180 degrees, and the pitching angle of the drilled holes can be adjusted within 0-8 degrees; the array type displacement meter and the multipoint displacement meter are respectively positioned in an advance drilling hole formed on a tunnel by an advance drilling machine and an anchor rod drilling hole formed on the tunnel by an anchor rod drilling machine; the array displacement meter is used for measuring the surrounding rock deep deformation of the advance drill hole in the tunnel axis direction; the multipoint displacement meter is used for measuring the deep deformation of the surrounding rock at the position of the advanced drilling hole; the array displacement meter and the multipoint displacement meter are respectively connected with the data acquisition device. The method has the advantages of efficiently acquiring surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process at low cost, and providing pre-deformation and total surrounding rock deformation in front of the palm surface in the TBM excavation process. The invention also discloses a method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole process of the tunnel construction by the TBM.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a device for monitoring surrounding rock deformation in the whole process of a tunnel constructed by TBM. The invention also relates to a method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole process of the tunnel constructed by the TBM.
Background
The TBM (full-face tunnel boring machine) is high-tech tunnel construction equipment integrating excavation, tunneling, supporting, working face lighting, drainage, dust removal, ventilation, cooling and mucking transportation, has the advantages of high tunneling speed, high safety, low labor intensity of personnel, good construction environment and the like, and is widely applied to the construction of underground engineering such as water conservancy and hydropower, traffic, railways and the like in recent years. In the face of complicated and changeable tunnel (hole) geological conditions in various fields, the pilot drill randomly matched with the TBM plays an important role in the aspect of tunnel advanced geological exploration, and is mainly reflected in the identification and analysis of surrounding rock lithology, geological disasters and the like exposed by advanced geological drilling.
In the tunnel excavation construction process, the surrounding rock deformation also happens along with the unloading relaxation of the surrounding rock. The method has the advantages that the occurrence and development processes of surrounding rock deformation in the excavation process of the TBM construction tunnel are mastered, and the method has very important functions of guiding design, feeding back construction and the like.
The traditional tunnel construction method mainly comprises the steps of after surrounding rock behind a tunnel face is exposed, monitoring surrounding rock deformation by methods of arranging convergence measuring points on the surface of the surrounding rock, drilling and burying a multi-point displacement meter or excavating an auxiliary tunnel and arranging monitoring facilities and the like. As can be seen from the correlation diagram (shown in FIG. 6) of the monitored section position and the measurable deformation, in the conventional method for arranging the convergence points and embedding the multi-point displacement meters in the drilled holes, the total deformation of the surrounding rock is mu when the tunnel is excavated ∞ The total deformation of the surrounding rock after exposure is mu x The total deformation of the surrounding rock measured by the traditional monitoring method is mu 0 . The surrounding rock deformation starts to occur before the face and before the surrounding rock is completely exposed, and the surrounding rock is occupied by a TBM machine within a certain range behind the face, so that convergence observation cannot be timely carried out on the surface of the surrounding rock, and a monitoring instrument cannot be timely drilled and buried. Therefore, the monitoring method can only observe the deformation increment of the surrounding rock after the monitoring facility is installed, and the early-stage deformation of the surrounding rock before exposure and at the initial exposure stage cannot be obtained, so that the total deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole tunnel excavation process cannot be obtained; if the method for arranging the monitoring facilities by excavating the auxiliary holes is adopted, the cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the pre-deformation in front of the palm surface and the total deformation of surrounding rocks in the TBM tunneling process cannot be obtained in time; the method has great limitation on guiding dynamic design and dynamic support; therefore, a monitoring system is developedThe device and the method for surrounding rock deformation in the whole tunnel excavation process are necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation in the whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM, which can efficiently and inexpensively acquire surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole process of tunnel excavation, can provide pre-deformation in front of a palm face and total surrounding rock deformation in the process of TBM excavation, realize dynamic monitoring of the whole process of tunnel surrounding rock deformation, provide real and reliable data support for pre-judging tunnel surrounding rock deformation response of TBM excavation and reasonably determining support parameters, feed back the data support to dynamic design and construction of tunnel excavation, and avoid waste caused by TBM blocking or too strong support due to overlarge surrounding rock unloading deformation after tunnel excavation.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rocks in the whole process of tunnel construction by using the TBM.
In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: the utility model provides a monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation which characterized in that: the device comprises a lead drilling machine, an array type displacement meter, a data acquisition device and a multipoint displacement meter;
the advanced drilling machine is arranged on the TBM (the advanced drilling machine and various drilling tools installed on the advanced drilling machine are in the prior art), has the functions of adjusting the direction and the drilling angle, and can be provided with various drilling tools for drilling; the advanced drilling machine drills holes in the upper half part of the tunnel excavation within 180 degrees, and the pitching angle (the included angle between the holes and the rock wall) of the drilled holes can be adjusted within 0-8 degrees;
the array type displacement meter is positioned in an advance drilling hole (namely a No. 1 monitoring hole) formed on a tunnel by an advance drilling machine, and the multipoint displacement meter is positioned in an anchor rod drilling hole (namely a No. 2 monitoring hole) formed on the tunnel by an anchor rod drilling machine; the array displacement meter is used for measuring the surrounding rock deep deformation of the pilot borehole in the tunnel axis direction; the multipoint displacement meter is used for measuring the deep deformation of the surrounding rock at the position of the advanced drilling hole;
the array displacement meter and the multipoint displacement meter are respectively connected with the data acquisition device.
In the technical scheme, the array type displacement meter comprises a measuring unit section, a high-strength flexible connecting part, an array type displacement meter lead-out cable and a pulley block;
two ends of the high-strength flexible connecting part are respectively and tightly connected with the measuring unit sections; the pulley block is fixed on the measuring unit section;
the measuring unit section comprises a measuring unit first section, a measuring unit middle section and a measuring unit tail section; the first section and the tail section of the measuring unit are respectively connected to the middle section of the measuring unit; the middle section of the measuring unit is provided with a plurality of sections;
the array type displacement meter leading-out cable is led out from the tail section of the measuring unit.
In the technical scheme, the measuring unit section adopts high-strength steel as a protective shell, an acceleration sensor (MEMS, micro electro mechanical system) is arranged in the measuring unit section, the deformation of the measuring point in the gravity direction can be obtained, and the diameter of the measuring unit section is about 2cm.
In the technical scheme, the high-strength flexible connecting part is made of a material with the tensile strength of 0.5MPa, and the high-strength flexible connecting part has the tensile strength of 0.5MPa and can bear larger stress and deformation;
the array type displacement meter lead-out cable is externally wrapped with a wear-resistant fabric protective layer which is good in ductility, wear-resistant, impact-resistant and ageing-resistant, such as glass fiber cloth and silica gel cloth, and the cable is prevented from being worn in the stretching process.
In the above technical solution, the pulley block includes a plurality of pulleys;
and two sides of the measuring unit section are respectively provided with a pulley, and the pulleys are attached to the wall of the tunnel, so that the array type displacement meter can be conveniently pushed into the drill hole.
In the technical scheme, the multipoint displacement meter comprises an anchor head, a measuring rod, a sensor fixing end and a multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable; the anchor head is arranged on the measuring rod;
the measuring rod is arranged on the fixed end of the sensor; the multi-point displacement meter lead-out cable is led out from the fixed end of the sensor.
In the technical scheme, a plurality of anchor heads are provided; the measuring rod is provided with a plurality of measuring rods; each anchor head is matched with a measuring rod.
In the technical scheme, the data acquisition device comprises an automatic recording data acquisition instrument, a data transmission line and a portable computer;
the array type displacement meter lead-out cable and the multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable are respectively connected with the automatic recording data acquisition instrument;
the automatic recording data acquisition instrument is connected with the portable computer through a data transmission line; one end of the data transmission line is connected with the automatic recording data acquisition instrument, and the other end of the data transmission line is connected with the portable computer and used for data transmission in the data extraction process.
The automatic recording data acquisition instrument is used for realizing the functions of data acquisition, conversion, storage, data uploading and the like; the automatic recording data acquisition instrument supports 3G \4G full-network communication and can upload acquired data to a cloud platform or a server in real time; when no 3G \\4G signal exists in the tunnel, the automatic recording data acquisition instrument can automatically store the acquired data in a built-in memory of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument;
the portable computer is used for regularly reading the monitoring data of the last time period from the automatic recording data acquisition instrument.
In order to achieve the second object of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: the method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock of the whole process of the TBM construction tunnel based on the monitoring device of the deformation of the surrounding rock of the whole process of the TBM construction tunnel is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step a): after the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, the azimuth and elevation angle of a hydraulic drilling machine (namely an advanced drilling machine) are adjusted, and a 1# monitoring hole (namely a No. 1 monitoring hole) is drilled in advance at the top of the tunnel according to an elevation angle of about 3-5 degrees, wherein the aperture of the 1# monitoring hole is 50mm, and the depth of the 1# monitoring hole is about 30m;
step b): after the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, drilling a No. 2 monitoring hole vertically upwards at the top of the tunnel near the No. 1 monitoring hole by using an anchor rod drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the No. 2 monitoring hole (namely the No. 2 monitoring hole) is 91mm, and the depth is about 20m;
step c): after the 1# monitoring hole is drilled and the hole is cleaned, pushing the array type displacement meter into the hole, placing a first section of a measuring unit of the array type displacement meter and a fixed pulley block into the 1# monitoring hole, and then slowly pushing subsequent sections of the measuring unit into the 1# monitoring hole section by section through the pulley block until a tail section of the measuring unit is placed into the 1# monitoring hole;
step d): after the 2# monitoring hole is drilled, the multipoint displacement meter can be installed, after the multipoint displacement meter is installed, cement paste (the water-cement ratio is 0.5;
step e): after the array type displacement meters and the multipoint displacement meters are installed, connecting the array type displacement meter lead-out cables and the multipoint displacement meter lead-out cables with an automatic recording data acquisition instrument; the automatic recording data acquisition instrument is generally arranged at the middle lower part of the side surface of the tunnel, so that data extraction is convenient for later period; setting the automatic acquisition frequency (generally 1-2 h/time) of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument, switching on a power supply, and starting to automatically acquire and store monitoring data;
step f): the field personnel regularly (2-3 days/time) carry the portable computer and the data transmission line to extract the monitoring data of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument in the last time period; a data transmission line is inserted into a USB interface of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument to transmit and extract acquired data, so that later-stage sorting and analysis are facilitated;
step g): after returning to the rear studio, extracting the locally stored data on the portable computer, and processing and analyzing the original data;
in the tunnel excavation process, surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process can be obtained through continuous observation data obtained periodically, predeformation and surrounding rock total deformation in front of the palm surface in the TBM excavation process can be provided, dynamic design is guided according to predeformation and surrounding rock total deformation in front of the palm surface in the whole tunnel excavation process, and construction is fed back.
In the technical scheme, during data processing and analysis, when the distance between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the 1# monitoring hole is more than or equal to 5m, the bottom of the drilling hole is not disturbed by construction, and the bottom of the 1# monitoring hole is used as a stationary reference point at the moment, so that the deformation of each unit section of the array type displacement meter along the depth direction of the 1# monitoring hole can be calculated (the method for calculating the deformation of each unit section of the array type displacement meter is the prior art);
during data processing and analysis, when the distance between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the 1# monitoring hole is less than 5m, the distance between the 1# monitoring hole and the face is more than 25m, the surrounding rock exposure time is long, most of the surrounding rock deformation occurs, but the slow deformation is still increased; at the moment, the deepest measuring point of the orifice multipoint displacement meter of the 1# monitoring hole is used as a fixed reference point, deformation of the orifice of the 1# monitoring hole relative to the bottom of the 2# monitoring hole is obtained (the 2# monitoring hole is positioned at the orifice position of the 1# monitoring hole, and the deformation of the orifice position of the 1# monitoring hole can be monitored), and further the deformation of each unit section of the array type displacement meter along the depth direction of the 1# monitoring hole can be calculated;
during data processing and analysis, the continuous deformation (1-2 h/time) of each unit section along the time can be obtained by calculating according to the method through the array type displacement meter and the multipoint displacement meter continuous observation data which are obtained periodically, so that the surrounding rock whole-process deformation data of each unit section of the array type displacement meter in the tunnel excavation process can be obtained.
The invention has the following advantages:
the method can efficiently and inexpensively acquire surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process, can provide pre-deformation and surrounding rock total deformation in front of a palm face in the TBM excavation process, realizes dynamic monitoring of the whole tunnel surrounding rock deformation process, provides real and reliable data support for pre-judging tunnel surrounding rock deformation response of the TBM excavation, reasonably determining support parameters, and feeds back the data support to dynamic tunnel excavation design and construction, and avoids waste caused by TBM blocking or too strong support due to overlarge surrounding rock unloading deformation after tunnel excavation. Compared with the traditional observation method for monitoring the initial deformation of the surrounding rock, the method disclosed by the invention not only solves the problems of defects and shortcomings that the initial deformation of the surrounding rock cannot be obtained, but also has significant technical advantages in cost and efficiency.
The invention adopts the array displacement meter and the multipoint displacement meter for monitoring, has high monitoring precision, can realize automatic acquisition and storage of monitoring data after the monitoring facilities are buried and installed, and is convenient for manually extracting the data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drilling hole for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rock in the whole tunnel excavation process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the monitoring holes, the array displacement meters in the holes, the multipoint displacement meters in the holes and the collecting devices designed by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an array type displacement meter according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the multipoint displacement meter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the data processing analysis principle.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the correlation between the position of a monitoring section for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock and the measurable deformation by arranging a monitoring facility on the surface of the surrounding rock according to the conventional technology.
A in fig. 1 denotes a palm surface.
In FIG. 2, a is the elevation angle of the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 relative to the top of the tunnel, and is 3-5 degrees.
In fig. 6, D represents the diameter of the TBM construction tunnel; mu represents deformation of surrounding rocks; mu.s ∞ The total deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel excavation; mu.s x The total deformation amount generated after the exposure of the surrounding rock; mu.s 0 The total deformation of the surrounding rock is measured by a traditional monitoring method; a is a traditional monitoring section; b is a palm surface; m is the excavation propelling direction; in fig. 6, the abscissa x is the distance of the tunnel face from the conventional monitoring cross section, and the unit is m; and the ordinate mu is the deformation of the surrounding rock of the monitored section and has the unit of m.
In the figure, 1-a pilot drill, 2-1# monitoring hole, 3-array type displacement meter, 31-measuring unit section, 311-measuring unit first section, 312-measuring unit middle section, 313-measuring unit tail section, 32-high-strength flexible connecting part, 33-array type displacement meter leading-out cable, 34-pulley block, 341-pulley, 4-data acquisition device, 5-automatic recording data acquisition instrument, 6-data transmission line, 7-portable notebook computer, 8-TBM cutter head, 9-TBM shield, 10-2# monitoring hole, 11-multipoint displacement meter, 111-anchor head, 112-measuring rod, 113-sensor fixed end and 114-multipoint displacement meter cable.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
The invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring surrounding rock deformation in the whole process of tunnel excavation, which utilize a pilot borehole of a TBM (tunnel boring machine) to the axis direction of the tunnel and an array displacement meter arranged in the pilot borehole, an anchor rod borehole along the radial direction of the tunnel and a multipoint displacement meter arranged in the anchor rod borehole as well as a data acquisition device to acquire surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole process of tunnel excavation, can provide pre-deformation and total surrounding rock deformation in front of a palm surface in the process of tunnel excavation, realize the whole-process dynamic monitoring of tunnel surrounding rock deformation, provide real and reliable data support for prejudging the surrounding rock deformation response of the tunnel excavation by the TBM and reasonably determining support parameters, and feed the data support back to the dynamic design and construction of tunnel excavation; the method overcomes the limitations of the traditional technology (1) that monitoring facilities such as a multi-point displacement meter cannot acquire the initial deformation of surrounding rocks at the initial stage of tunnel excavation, so that waste is caused by too strong TBM blocking machines or supports due to too large unloading deformation of the surrounding rocks after tunnel excavation, and thus limitations are generated on guidance of dynamic design and dynamic support functions, and (2) or the method for arranging the monitoring facilities in an excavation auxiliary hole cannot efficiently acquire the surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process at low cost, and can provide the limitations of pre-deformation in front of a palm facet and total deformation of the surrounding rocks in the TBM excavation process).
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation in the whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM mainly comprises four parts, one of which is a monitoring hole 2 of a pilot drill 1,1 #; the second is an array type displacement meter 3; the third is a 2# monitoring hole 10 and a multipoint displacement meter 11; the fourth is a data acquisition device 4 (comprising an automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5, a data transmission line 6 and a portable notebook computer 7); there is also a TBM working part (including TBM cutterhead 8, TBM shield 9).
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, after the TBM reaches a predetermined monitoring position, the advanced drilling machine 1 randomly matched with the TBM is opened to drill a # 1 monitoring hole 2, the # 1 monitoring hole 2 is positioned at the top of the tunnel, the elevation angle is about 3-5 degrees, the aperture is 50mm, and the hole depth is about 30m;
after the 1# monitoring hole 2 is drilled, the array type displacement meter 3 is installed and embedded, the front end of the first section 311 of the measuring unit is placed into the 1# monitoring hole 2 and slowly pushed into the 1# monitoring hole 2 through the pulley block 34, when the pulley block 34 fixed on the first section 311 of the measuring unit enters the 1# monitoring hole 2, the rest measuring unit sections of the array type displacement meter are sequentially pushed into the 1# monitoring hole 2 through the pulley block 34, the pulley block 34 is fixed on the measuring unit section 31, and the array type displacement meter 3 can be guaranteed to be smoothly pushed into the 1# monitoring hole 2;
the array type displacement meter 3 is pushed, tiled and unfolded along the depth direction of the drilled hole, the first section 311 of the measuring unit is positioned at the bottom of the 2 holes of the 1# monitoring hole, the tail section 313 of the measuring unit is positioned at the 2 holes of the 1# monitoring hole, the tail section 313 of the measuring unit is connected with the array type displacement meter leading-out cable 33, pulleys 341 on two sides of the pulley block 34 are attached to the inner wall of the 1# monitoring hole 2, the pulley block 34 is respectively fixed on the first section 311 of the measuring unit and the tail section 313 of the measuring unit, and the pulley block 34 is arranged on the middle section 312 of the measuring unit according to the length of every 3-5 m.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, after the TBM reaches a predetermined monitoring position, a 2# monitoring hole 10 is drilled by using an anchor drilling machine, the 2# monitoring hole 2 is located at the top of the tunnel, the drilling direction is vertical upwards, the hole diameter is 91mm, and the hole depth is about 20m;
after the 2# monitoring hole 10 is drilled, installing and burying a multi-point displacement meter 11; according to the drilling depth of the No. 2 monitoring hole 10, reasonable measuring point quantity is selected, the distance between the anchor heads 111 is sequentially increased from the hole opening of the No. 2 monitoring hole 10 to the hole bottom, the measuring rod 112 is matched with the anchor heads 111, the fixed end 113 of the sensor is installed at the hole opening of the No. 2 monitoring hole 10, and the hole opening protection of the No. 2 monitoring hole 10 and the laying and protection of the multi-point displacement meter lead-out cable 114 are well conducted.
Referring to fig. 3, the array type displacement meter 3 mainly comprises a measuring unit section 31, a high-strength flexible connecting part 32, an array type displacement meter lead-out cable 33 and a pulley block 34; two ends of the high-strength flexible connecting part 32 are respectively connected with the measuring unit sections 31; the pulley block 34 is fixed on the measuring unit section 31; the measuring unit section 31 comprises a measuring unit first section 311, a measuring unit middle section 312 and a measuring unit tail section 313; the measuring unit head section 311 and the measuring unit tail section 313 are respectively connected to two ends of the measuring unit middle section 312; the measurement unit middle section 312 has multiple sections; the array type displacement meter lead-out cable 33 is led out from the tail section 313 of the measuring unit;
the array type displacement meter 3 is composed of a series of MEMS acceleration sensors which are connected in series, and data management software can obtain the spatial form of each unit section along the gravity direction after processing according to data measured by the sensors, so that the inclination and deformation monitoring of a target object is realized.
Referring to fig. 4, the multipoint displacement meter 11 mainly comprises an anchor head 111, a measuring rod 112, a sensor fixing end 113 and a multipoint displacement meter leading-out cable 114;
the multi-point displacement meter 11 can acquire deformation data at a plurality of different depths along the way from the hole bottom to the hole opening along the hole depth direction of the 2# monitoring hole 10.
Referring to fig. 2, the data acquisition device 4 mainly includes an automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5, a data transmission line 6 and a portable computer 7;
array displacement meter lead-out cable 33 and multiple spot displacement meter lead-out cable 114 are connected with automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5, automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5 can set up fixed collection frequency in advance, carry out the automatic acquisition and the storage of monitoring data, when regularly carrying out the monitoring data and drawing, be connected data transmission line 6 one end and automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5, the other end is connected with portable computer 7 (like portable notebook computer), can draw the monitoring data of gathering in the previous time quantum that automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5 has stored.
With reference to the schematic diagram, the method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole process of tunnel excavation based on the monitoring device for the deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole process of tunnel construction by using the TBM comprises the following specific steps:
step a): when the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, the azimuth and elevation angle of the pilot drilling machine 1 are adjusted, a 1# monitoring hole 2 is drilled in advance at the top of the tunnel according to the elevation angle of 3-5 degrees, the aperture of the 1# monitoring hole 2 is 50mm, and the depth is about 30m;
step b): after the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, vertically drilling a No. 2 monitoring hole 10 at the top of the tunnel near the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 by using an anchor rod drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the No. 2 monitoring hole 10 is 91mm, and the depth is about 20m;
step c): after the drilling of the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 is finished, cleaning the inside of the drilled hole to ensure that the inside of the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 is free from barrier;
step d): the first section 311 of the measuring unit on the array type displacement meter 3 is placed into the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 and slowly pushed into the hole, and when the pulley block 34 fixed on the first section 311 of the measuring unit enters the No. 1 monitoring hole 2, the rest measuring unit sections (including the middle section 312 of the measuring unit and the tail section 313 of the measuring unit) are slowly pushed into the No. 1 monitoring hole 2 section by section; in the process of pushing into the hole 2 of the monitoring hole 1#, attention is paid to slow and uniform force application, and when the hole 2 of the monitoring hole 1# is blocked, stagnation can be overcome by repeatedly pulling and pulling until all the measuring unit sections 31 are fed into the hole;
step e): after the 2# monitoring hole 10 is drilled, the multipoint displacement meter 11 can be installed; after the multipoint displacement meter 11 is installed, grouting cement (the water-cement ratio is 0.5;
step f): after the array type displacement meters 3 and the multipoint displacement meters 11 are installed, the array type displacement meter lead-out cables 33 and the multipoint displacement meter lead-out cables 114 are connected with the automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5, the automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5 is generally installed at the middle lower position of the side surface of the tunnel, so that data extraction is convenient for later period, the acquisition frequency (generally 1-2 h/time) of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5 is set, a power supply is switched on, and automatic acquisition and storage of monitoring data are started;
step g): monitoring personnel carry the portable computer 7 and the data transmission line 6 to extract monitoring data of the array displacement meter 3 and the multipoint displacement meter 11 in the previous time period; continuous data of each measuring unit section 31 can be obtained by periodically extracting monitoring data automatically acquired by the automatic recording data acquisition instrument 5;
step h): after returning to the rear working room, extracting local storage data on a portable computer 7 (such as a portable notebook computer), sorting and analyzing the original data, and calculating to obtain continuous deformation (1-2 h/time) of each measuring unit section 31 along time so as to obtain the deformation data of the surrounding rock at the position of each measuring unit section 31 in the whole process in the tunnel excavation process;
in the tunnel excavation process, surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process can be obtained through continuous observation data obtained periodically, predeformation and surrounding rock total deformation in front of the palm surface in the TBM excavation process can be provided, dynamic design is guided according to predeformation and surrounding rock total deformation in front of the palm surface in the whole tunnel excavation process, and construction is fed back.
Further, the data processing analysis process is as follows (see fig. 5):
(1) When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the advance borehole (namely the No. 1 monitoring hole 2) is larger than a certain limit value (L is usually greater than 5m and is determined according to actual conditions), the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the advance borehole (namely the No. 1 monitoring hole 2) is far away from the TBM, so that the tunneling influence is weak, and the end of the hole bottom array displacement meter can be considered as a fixed point;
(1) the number of a first section 311 of a measuring unit of the array displacement meter at the bottom of a hole 2 of a 1# monitoring hole is 1, the number of a single-section measuring unit section is gradually increased from the bottom of the hole to an orifice, the number of the single-section measuring unit section is i =1,2, \8230, n and n are the total number of the sections of the array displacement meter, and n is more than or equal to 2;
(2) after the array displacement meter is installed, recording the time when a reliable initial value is obtained as 0 moment;
(3) at the time t in the following TBM tunneling process, in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the acceleration sensor of the ith measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle senses and calculates the included angle between the horizontal direction and the single measuring unit section, namely
Relative to the t-1 moment, the angle variation of the ith section of the measuring unit is
Clockwise rotation is positive, otherwise negative; the displacement variation of the ith section of the measurement unit section in the vertical direction at the time t relative to the time t-1 is
(l is the length of a single section of the array displacement meter), and the accumulated displacement of the section of the ith measuring unit in the vertical direction at the time t is
In formula (1): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total section number of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time minute second; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is the cumulative displacement, in m;
the displacement variation quantity of the section of the ith measuring unit in the vertical direction at the time t relative to the time t-1 is expressed in m;
the angle variation of the ith section of the measuring unit section relative to the t-1 moment;
the included angle between the single section of the measuring unit section and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating through an acceleration sensor of the ith section of the measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle;
(2) When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the hole bottom of an advance borehole (namely 1# monitoring hole 2) is equal to a certain limit value (L =5m is usually taken and determined according to actual conditions), the time is recorded as t e Section i measurement unit section t e The cumulative displacement amount of the time in the vertical direction is
In formula (2): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total section number of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time-minute-second; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is the cumulative displacement in m;
measure the unit section for the ith section at t e Time relative to t e -1 change of displacement in the vertical direction at time instant in m;
is relative to t e -at time 1, section i measures the angular variation of the unit section;
the included angle between the section of the single-section measuring unit and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating the acceleration sensor of the section i of the measuring unit based on the gravity sensing principle;
(3) When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of an advance borehole (namely, a 1# monitoring hole 2) is smaller than a certain limit value (L is usually less than 5 m) (when the distance between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the borehole is less than 5m, the distance between a drilling hole opening and the face is more than 25 m), the distance between the 2# monitoring hole bottom and the TBM is far, so that the influence of tunneling is weak, at the moment, the deepest measuring point of the multi-point displacement meter is taken as a dead point, the dead point under the condition is opposite to the dead point under the condition that the distance L is more than 5m, the vertical displacement of each single-node measuring unit node of the array type displacement meter starts to be calculated from the nth measuring unit node from the hole opening 2 of the 1# monitoring hole to the 1 st measuring unit node of the hole bottom, and the vertical displacement is relatively deformed and accumulated with the hole opening of the multi-point displacement meter to obtain the total displacement of the 1# monitoring hole 2 along the hole depth direction at the moment;
(1) array displacement meter deformation calculation (terminal of measuring unit relative to 1# monitoring hole opening position)
T (t) during TBM tunneling>t e ) At the moment, in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the included angle between the single section of measuring unit section and the horizontal direction, which is obtained by sensing and calculating the acceleration sensor of the ith section of measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle, is
Relative to t-1 (t-1)>t e ) At the moment, the angle variation of the ith section of the measurement unit is
The anticlockwise rotation is positive, otherwise, the anticlockwise rotation is negative; the displacement variation of the ith section of the measurement unit section in the vertical direction at the time t relative to the time t-1 is
(l is the length of a single segment of the array displacement meter, and t>t e ) Section i measuring unit section t (t)>t e ) The relative cumulative displacement of the time in the vertical direction is
In formula (3): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total section number of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time-minute-second;
the unit is m for the relative accumulated displacement;
measure unit section t (t) for section i>t e ) Time relative to t-1 (t-1)>t e ) The unit of the displacement variation of the time in the vertical direction is m;
measure unit section for ith section at t e Time relative to t e -1 change of displacement in the vertical direction at time instant in m; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is t (t) in the TBM tunneling process>t e ) At the moment, in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the tunnel, an acceleration sensor of the ith measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle senses and calculates the included angle between the single measuring unit section and the horizontal direction;
relative to t-1 (t-1)>t e ) Measuring the angle variation of the unit section in the ith section at the moment; t is t e When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the advance drilling hole is equal to a certain limit value (usually, L =5m, determined according to actual conditions), the time is recorded as t e ；
Is relative to t e -at time 1, section i measures the angular variation of the unit section;
the included angle between the single section of the measuring unit section and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating through an acceleration sensor of the ith section of the measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle;
(2) deformation calculation of multi-point displacement meter (relative to the fixed point of the No. 2 monitoring hole bottom)
T (t) during TBM tunneling>t e ) At the moment, the deformation of the multipoint displacement meter at the orifice relative to the hole bottom of the fixed point is H t ；
(3) Cumulative displacement of each measurement unit section relative to stationary point
Assuming that the deformation of the 1# monitoring hole and the 2# monitoring hole is consistent, each measuring unit is arranged int(t>t e ) The total accumulated displacement of the time in the vertical direction is
In formula (4): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total section number of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the moment in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is hour, minute and second;
is the cumulative displacement, in m; h t Is t (t) in the TBM tunneling process>t e ) At the moment, the deformation of the orifice of the multipoint displacement meter relative to the hole bottom of the fixed point is m;
measure unit section t (t) for section i>t e ) The relative accumulated displacement in the vertical direction at any moment;
measure unit section t (t) for section i>t e ) Time relative to t-1 (t-1)>t e ) The displacement variation quantity of the time in the vertical direction is m;
measure the unit section for the ith section at t e Time relative to t e -1 variation of the displacement in the vertical direction at time instant in m; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is t (t) in the TBM tunneling process>t e ) At any moment, in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the ith section is measured based on the gravity sensing principleThe acceleration sensor of the measuring unit section senses and calculates the included angle between the single measuring unit section and the horizontal direction;
relative to t-1 (t-1)>t e ) Measuring the angle variation of the unit section in the ith section at the moment; t is t e When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the advance drilling hole is equal to a certain limit value (usually, L =5m, determined according to actual conditions), the time is recorded as t e ；
Is relative to t e -at time 1, section i measures the angular variation of the unit section;
the included angle between the single section of the measuring unit section and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating through an acceleration sensor of the ith section of the measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle;
(4) Based on the calculation method and the steps, the accumulated displacement of any single section measuring unit section i in the vertical direction at any time t can be obtained
The accumulated displacement is also the settlement of the surrounding rock of the tunnel in the vertical direction, and the positive value is the settlement, otherwise, the positive value is the uplift.
According to the device and the method for monitoring the surrounding rock deformation in the whole tunnel excavation process, an advanced drilling machine and an anchor drilling machine (the advanced drilling machine 1 is used for drilling a 1# monitoring hole 2, and the anchor drilling machine is used for drilling a 2# monitoring hole 10) matched with a TBM are used for drilling and mounting an array type displacement meter and a multipoint displacement meter to serve as a measuring device of the surrounding rock deformation, the measuring device is connected with an automatic recording data acquisition instrument through a leading-out cable, a local acquisition mode is adopted, the surrounding rock deformation monitoring data in the whole tunnel excavation process can be efficiently obtained at low cost, pre-deformation in front of a palm surface and total surrounding rock deformation in the whole tunnel excavation process can be provided, dynamic monitoring of the whole tunnel surrounding rock deformation process is achieved, real and reliable data support is provided for pre-judging tunnel rock deformation response of the tunnel excavation, reasonably determining support parameters, the real and reliable data support is fed back to tunnel excavation dynamic design and construction, and waste caused by too strong surrounding rock unloading deformation or too strong support after tunnel excavation.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation which characterized in that: the device comprises a lead drilling machine (1), an array type displacement meter (3), a data acquisition device (4) and a multipoint displacement meter (11);
the advanced drilling machine (1) is arranged on the TBM; drilling a hole in the upper half part of the tunnel excavation within 180 degrees by the advanced drilling machine (1), and adjusting the pitching angle of the drilled hole to be 0-8 degrees;
the array type displacement meter (3) is positioned in a No. 1 monitoring hole (2) formed on a tunnel by the advanced drilling machine (1);
the multipoint displacement meter (11) is positioned in a No. 2 monitoring hole (10) formed on the tunnel by the anchor rod drilling machine;
the array type displacement meter (3) is used for measuring the deep deformation of surrounding rocks of the No. 1 monitoring hole (2) in the axial direction of the tunnel; the multipoint displacement meter (11) is used for measuring the deep deformation of the surrounding rock at the orifice position of the 1# monitoring hole (2);
the array type displacement meter (3) and the multipoint displacement meter (11) are respectively connected with the data acquisition device (4);
when the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the hole bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is larger than a certain limit value, the hole bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is far away from the TBM, so that the influence of tunneling is weak, and the end of the hole bottom array displacement meter is considered to be a fixed point; the cumulative displacement of the ith section of the measuring unit section in the vertical direction at the time t is
In formula (1): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the arrayThe total number of joints of the column type displacement meter, n is more than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time minute second; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is the cumulative displacement, in m;
the displacement variation quantity of the section of the ith measuring unit in the vertical direction at the time t relative to the time t-1 is m;
the angle variation of the ith section of the measuring unit section relative to the t-1 moment;
the included angle between the single section of measuring unit section and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating through an acceleration sensor of the ith section of measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle;
when the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is equal to a certain limit value, the time is recorded as t e Section i measurement unit section t e The cumulative displacement amount of the time in the vertical direction is
In the formula (2): i is a single-section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total number of the sections of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time-minute-second; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
is the cumulative displacement in m;
measure unit section for ith section at t e Time of day relative to t e -1 variation of the displacement in the vertical direction at time instant in m;
is relative to t e -at time 1, section i measures the angle change of the unit section;
the included angle between the section of the single-section measuring unit and the horizontal direction is obtained by sensing and calculating the acceleration sensor of the section i of the measuring unit based on the gravity sensing principle;
when the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the hole bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is smaller than a certain limit value, taking the deepest measuring point of the multi-point displacement meter as a fixed point, t>t e The total accumulated displacement of each measuring unit section in the vertical direction at time t is
In formula (4): i is the single section number of the measuring unit section, i is less than or equal to n, n is the total section number of the array type displacement meter, and n is greater than or equal to 2; t is the time in the TBM tunneling process, t is greater than or equal to 0, and the unit is time-minute-second;
is the cumulative displacement, in m; h t The deformation of the multi-point displacement meter at the hole opening relative to the hole bottom of the fixed point at the time t in the TBM tunneling process is measured in m；
The relative accumulated displacement of the ith section of the measuring unit section in the vertical direction at the time t;
the displacement variation quantity of the section of the ith measuring unit in the vertical direction at the time t relative to the time t-1 is m;
measure unit section for ith section at t e Time relative to t e -1 change of displacement in the vertical direction at time instant in m; l is the length of a single section of a measuring unit section of the array type displacement meter, and the unit is m;
in the vertical plane parallel to the axis of the tunnel at the time t in the tunneling process of the TBM, an acceleration sensor of the ith measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principle senses and calculates the included angle between the single measuring unit section and the horizontal direction;
relative to time t-1, where t-1 > t e The angle variation of the ith measuring unit section; t is t e When the distance L between the TBM tunneling face and the bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is equal to a certain limit value, the moment is recorded as t e ；
Is relative to t e -at time 1, section i measures the angular variation of the unit section;
the single section measuring unit section and the water are obtained by sensing and calculating through an acceleration sensor of the ith section measuring unit section based on the gravity sensing principleIncluded angle in the horizontal direction.
2. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the array type displacement meter (3) comprises a measuring unit section (31), a high-strength flexible connecting component (32), an array type displacement meter outgoing cable (33) and a pulley block (34);
two ends of the high-strength flexible connecting part (32) are respectively connected with the measuring unit sections (31); the pulley block (34) is fixed on the measuring unit section (31);
the measuring unit section (31) comprises a measuring unit first section (311), a measuring unit middle section (312) and a measuring unit tail section (313); the measuring unit head section (311) and the measuring unit tail section (313) are respectively connected to the measuring unit middle section (312); the measuring unit middle section (312) has a plurality of sections;
an array type displacement meter lead-out cable (33) is led out from a tail section (313) of the measuring unit.
3. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 2, characterized in that: the measuring unit section (31) adopts high-strength steel as a protective shell and is internally provided with an acceleration sensor.
4. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 3, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the high-strength flexible connecting part (32) is 0.5MPa; the array type displacement meter lead-out cable (33) is externally wrapped with a wear-resistant fabric protective layer.
5. The monitoring device based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 4, characterized in that: the pulley block (34) comprises a plurality of pulleys (341);
two sides of the measuring unit joint (31) are respectively provided with a pulley (341).
6. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 5, characterized in that: the multipoint displacement meter (11) comprises an anchor head (111), a measuring rod (112), a sensor fixing end (113) and a multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable (114); the anchor head (111) is arranged on the measuring rod (112);
the measuring rod (112) is arranged on the sensor fixing end (113); the multi-point displacement meter lead-out cable (114) is led out from the sensor fixing end (113).
7. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 6, characterized in that: a plurality of anchor heads (111) are provided; the measuring rod (112) is provided with a plurality of rods; each anchor head (111) is arranged on a measuring rod (112) in a sleeved mode.
8. The monitoring devices based on TBM construction tunnel overall process country rock deformation of claim 7, characterized in that: the data acquisition device (4) comprises an automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5), a data transmission line (6) and a portable computer (7);
the array type displacement meter lead-out cable (33) and the multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable (114) are respectively connected with the automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5);
the automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5) is connected with a portable computer (7) through a data transmission line (6).
9. The method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rocks of the TBM in the whole process of the construction tunnel by adopting the monitoring device based on the deformation of the surrounding rocks of the TBM in the whole process of the construction tunnel in any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step a): after the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, adjusting the azimuth and elevation angle of the advance drilling machine (1), and performing advance drilling on the top of the tunnel according to the elevation angle of 3-5 degrees to obtain a No. 1 monitoring hole (2), wherein the aperture of the No. 1 monitoring hole (2) is 50mm, and the depth of the No. 1 monitoring hole is 30m;
step b): after the TBM reaches a preset monitoring position, vertically drilling a No. 2 monitoring hole (10) at the top of the tunnel of the No. 1 monitoring hole (2) by using an anchor drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the No. 2 monitoring hole (10) is 91mm, and the depth of the No. 2 monitoring hole is 20m;
step c): after the 1# monitoring hole (2) is drilled and the hole is cleaned, the array type displacement meter (3) is pushed into the hole to work, a first section (311) of the measuring unit and a fixed pulley block (34) are placed into the 1# monitoring hole (2), and then the subsequent measuring unit sections (31) are slowly pushed into the 1# monitoring hole (2) section by section through the pulley block (34) until a tail section (313) of the measuring unit is placed into the 1# monitoring hole (2);
step d): after the 2# monitoring hole (10) is drilled, installing the multipoint displacement meter (11), pouring cement slurry into the 2# monitoring hole (10) after the multipoint displacement meter (11) is installed, protecting an orifice, and leading out a multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable (114);
step e): after the array type displacement meter (3) and the multipoint displacement meter (11) are installed, connecting an array type displacement meter lead-out cable (33) and a multipoint displacement meter lead-out cable (114) with an automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5); the automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5) is arranged at the middle lower part of the side surface of the tunnel; setting the automatic acquisition frequency of an automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5), switching on a power supply, and starting automatic acquisition and storage of monitoring data;
step f): the field personnel regularly carry the portable computer (7) and the data transmission line (6) to extract the monitoring data of the automatic recording data acquisition instrument (5) in the previous time period;
step g): after returning to the rear studio, extracting the local storage data on the portable computer (7) and processing and analyzing the original data;
in the tunnel excavation process, surrounding rock deformation in the whole tunnel excavation process is obtained through continuous observation data obtained periodically so as to guide dynamic design and feed back construction.
10. The method for monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock of the TBM construction tunnel in the whole process according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during data processing and analysis, when the distance between the TBM tunneling face and the hole bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is larger than or equal to 5m, the hole bottom of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is used as a fixed reference point, and the deformation of each unit section of the array type displacement meter along the depth direction of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is calculated;
during data processing and analysis, when the distance between a TBM tunneling face and the bottom of a 1# monitoring hole (2) is less than 5m, the distance between the orifice of the 1# monitoring hole (2) and the face is more than 25m, the deepest point of an orifice multipoint displacement meter (11) of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is used as a fixed reference point, the deformation of the orifice of the 1# monitoring hole (2) relative to the bottom of a 2# monitoring hole (10) is obtained, and the deformation of each unit section of the array type displacement meter along the depth direction of the 1# monitoring hole (2) is further calculated;
during data processing and analysis, the continuous deformation of each unit section along the time is calculated according to the method through the array type displacement meter (3) and the multipoint displacement meter (11) continuous observation data which are obtained periodically, and therefore the surrounding rock whole-process deformation data of each unit section of the array type displacement meter in the tunnel excavation process are obtained.
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