CN105927211B - A kind of the rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test method and device of deep underground engineering - Google Patents

A kind of the rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test method and device of deep underground engineering Download PDF

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CN105927211B
CN105927211B CN201610238810.XA CN201610238810A CN105927211B CN 105927211 B CN105927211 B CN 105927211B CN 201610238810 A CN201610238810 A CN 201610238810A CN 105927211 B CN105927211 B CN 105927211B
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drilling
rock mass
mechanics
parameter
rate
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CN105927211A (en
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李邵军
刘国锋
冯夏庭
谭双
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/002Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B45/00Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/003Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to geotechnical engineering investigation technical field, the rock mass mechanics characteristic for disclosing a kind of deep underground engineering creeps into test method in situ characterized by comprising establishes the drilling parameter of object to be tested and the quantization corresponding relationship of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;According to practical drilling parameter, corresponding Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained according to the quantization corresponding relationship;Wherein, factually object to be measured is divided into different sections by border geological condition, establishes the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass.The present invention provides the rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test methods of a kind of highly reliable, convenient reliable, applied widely deep underground engineering.

Description

A kind of the rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test method and device of deep underground engineering
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotechnical engineering investigation technical field, in particular to a kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering Drilling test method in situ.
Background technique
With wanting for human economic society development, has more and more engineering constructions and carry out in deep underground, such as water conservancy The subterranean tunnel and workshop of hydroelectric project, the deep-lying tunnel in traffic engineering, the deep-seated setting in mine engineering, energy reserve and Cavern in the disposition of nuke rubbish deep, and deep science plan-deep underground that satisfaction biology is studied with geophysics are real Test room etc..
For many years, deep high-ground stress underground engineering prospecting is all domestic and international one highly important research class all the time Topic.Currently, the prospecting of deep underground engineering also in exploring and accumulating experience the stage, not only needs Engineering Geology Analysis, evaluation It is theoretical it is abundant with it is perfect, with greater need for the innovations and breakthroughs of exploratory techniques and method.Drilling reconnoitres hand as deep underground engineering One of section directly can effectively understand the Main Geological Conditions such as formation lithology, geological structure, karst, judge tunnel by core observation Hole surrounding rock category obtains deep rock mass physical and mechanical parameter etc. by carrying out test and test job in drilling.
It is well known that the mechanical characteristic of rock mass is the major parameter of evaluation engineering rock stability, however the prior art is more It is measured using real-time repeated sampling, the reliability of the overall evaluation is affected by sampling situations;It is complicated for operation simultaneously, especially Deep underground, method is single, and the degree of automation is low, leads to large labor intensity.
Summary of the invention
The rock mass mechanics characteristic that the present invention provides a kind of deep underground engineering creeps into test method and device in situ, solves existing There is technology medium and deep subterranean body mechanical characteristic measurement method single, low efficiency, reliability is low, and the technology of large labor intensity is asked Topic.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of rock mass mechanics characteristics of deep underground engineering to creep into situ Test method, comprising:
Establish the drilling parameter of object to be tested and the quantization corresponding relationship of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
According to practical drilling parameter, corresponding Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained according to the quantization corresponding relationship;
Wherein, factually object to be measured is divided into different sections by border geological condition, establishes drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass Quantization corresponding relationship.
Further, establish the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass the following steps are included:
Drilling operation is executed by drilling machine;
In drilling process, drilling parameter and drilling core this moment are obtained in real time;
Test is carried out to the drilling core and obtains the mechanics parameter of respective segments rock mass according to rock mass strength criterion;
Establish the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
Wherein, the drilling parameter includes: rate of penetration and borehole wall image;The rate of penetration, borehole wall Image and the drilling core are corresponded to each other according to acquisition position.
Further, the borehole wall image includes: 360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole;
360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole obtain the plane outspread drawing and drilling core figure of borehole wall by digitized processing, Distribution situation, lithology and the rate of decay of rock cranny in drilling are obtained, and section partition is carried out with this, and mark.
Further, the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass of the section of label, rate of penetration and this section is fitted, is wrapped The quantitative relationship of distribution situation, rate of penetration and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass containing rock cranny.
Further, in drilling process, the operating parameter setting of drilling equipment is constant always.
Further, the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass includes: the elasticity modulus (E of rock massm), cohesive strength (c) and internal friction angle
A kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test device of depth underground engineering, comprising: drilling equipment;
Creep into measuring unit, be arranged on the drilling equipment, follow its movement, obtain real-time rate of penetration and drilling away from From;
Camera unit obtains borehole wall image in real time;
Digital processing element is connected with the drilling measuring unit and the drilling camera unit respectively, obtains drilling Speed, drilling distance and borehole wall image;
Wherein, according to the borehole wall image by drilling core, according to lithology, rock cranny degree and rate of decay subregion Section simultaneously marks, and segment mark is stored in the digital processing element;Same section has similar feature;
The drilling core that the drilling equipment is collected is tested, and obtains rock mass mechanics ginseng according to rock mass strength criterion Number, is stored in the digital processing element;
The label of section, rate of penetration and its mechanics parameter are fitted by the digital processing element.
Further, the drilling measuring unit includes: the distance measuring sensor that tests the speed;Rate of penetration is recorded in real time and is arrived in situ The distance of point.
Further, the camera unit includes: borehole camera instrument;Obtain borehole wall image.
Further, the digital processing element includes: industrial personal computer.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
The rock mass mechanics characteristic of the deep underground engineering provided in the embodiment of the present application creeps into test method in situ, by building The vertical quantitative relationship for implementing drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass, so that easily being obtained when real-time measurement by drilling parameter The mechanics parameters of corresponding rock mass, greatly improve the reliability of measurement;On the other hand, rock mass has been greatly reduced to survey in real time The amount of labour of amount improves measurement efficiency and the degree of automation, can more be generalized to similar rock mass, and adaptation range expands.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Complete Curve that drilling depth provided in an embodiment of the present invention changes over time;
Fig. 2 is the Complete Curve that rate of penetration provided in an embodiment of the present invention changes with hole depth;
Fig. 3 is drilling rock mass core section partition structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is elastic modulus E provided in an embodiment of the present inventionmWith the quantitative relationship matched curve of rate of penetration;
Fig. 5 is the quantitative relationship matched curve of cohesive strength c provided in an embodiment of the present invention and rate of penetration;
Fig. 6 is internal friction angle provided in an embodiment of the present inventionWith the quantitative relationship matched curve of rate of penetration.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application by provide the rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering a kind of in situ drilling test method and Device, solution prior art medium and deep subterranean body mechanical characteristic measurement method is single, and low efficiency, reliability is low, labor intensity Big technical problem;Reach promotion reliability, reduced labor intensity, promotes the technology effect of testing efficiency and the degree of automation Fruit.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the general thought that the embodiment of the present application provides technical solution is as follows: a kind of deep The rock mass mechanics characteristic of lower engineering creeps into test method in situ characterized by comprising
Establish the drilling parameter of object to be tested and the quantization corresponding relationship of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
According to practical drilling parameter, corresponding Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained according to the quantization corresponding relationship;
Wherein, factually object to be measured is divided into different sections by border geological condition, establishes drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass Quantization corresponding relationship.
Through the above as can be seen that establishing drilling parameter and rock mass mechanics by drilling and real-time measurement operation The quantitative relationship of characteristic, to realize the subsequent simplified measurement for this rock mass object or similar object;Only need to know Drilling parameter, and corresponding mechanics parameters are obtained in conjunction with borehole image, without taking out core progress one Serial experiment greatly reduces labor intensity and complexity;Colleague also greatly improves the efficiency of follow-up test.
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper It states technical solution to be described in detail, it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are to the application skill The detailed description of art scheme, rather than the restriction to technical scheme, in the absence of conflict, the embodiment of the present application And the technical characteristic in embodiment can be combined with each other.
A kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering provided in an embodiment of the present invention creeps into test method, packet in situ It includes:
Establish the drilling parameter of object to be tested and the quantization corresponding relationship of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
According to practical drilling parameter, corresponding Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained according to the quantization corresponding relationship;
Wherein, factually object to be measured is divided into different sections by border geological condition, establishes drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass Quantization corresponding relationship.
That is, will be divided into different sections with rock mass inside difference geological condition, and establish drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass Quantization corresponding relationship, to provide a kind of reliable adaptability.Specifically, each section of real-time measurement constitutes a sample This parameter sets can be fitted by collecting multiple sample datas, form reliable and stable correspondence quantitative relationship, mention significantly Rise its data precision and reliability.
Establish the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass the following steps are included:
Firstly, executing drilling operation by drilling machine;In drilling process, drilling parameter and drilling this moment are obtained in real time Core;
Test is carried out to the drilling core and its mechanics parameter for corresponding to rock mass is obtained according to rock mass strength criterion;
Establish the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
Wherein, the drilling parameter includes: rate of penetration and borehole wall image;The rate of penetration, borehole wall Image and the drilling core are corresponded to each other according to acquisition position.
That is, establishing a certain section core, and it is obtained to the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass of experimental data by test, then basis Rock mass mechanics criterion of strength carries out data reduction, obtains practical Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass.
And further, rate of penetration, borehole wall image and section this moment is associated, formed drilling parameter with The association of mechanics parameter.Wherein, mechanics parameter can be any feasible parameter combination;Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass provided in this embodiment Combination includes: the elastic modulus E of rock massm, cohesive strength c and internal friction angle
The borehole wall image includes: 360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole;The palisades shown according to 360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole The drilling core is divided into section, and marked by situation.That is, specifically rock mass to be tested is divided by the analysis to image At several different sections, several relation integrations are formed.
360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole obtain the plane outspread drawing and drilling core figure of borehole wall by digitized processing, The distribution situation of rock cranny in drilling is obtained, and section partition is carried out with this.
Further, the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass of the section of label, rate of penetration and this section is fitted, is wrapped Quantitative relationship containing rock mass conditions, rate of penetration and mechanics parameter.
Further, in drilling process, the operating parameter setting of drilling equipment is constant always;The unification of holding standard Property, so that the drilling parameter of acquisition is obtained under same standard, so that the acquisition reliability of drilling parameter greatly improves.
It measures using the above scheme, the present embodiment also proposed a kind of device.
A kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic original position drilling test device of depth underground engineering, comprising: drilling equipment;
Creep into measuring unit, be arranged on the drilling equipment, follow its movement, obtain real-time rate of penetration and drilling away from From;
Camera unit obtains borehole wall image;
Digital processing element is connected with the drilling measuring unit and the drilling camera unit respectively, obtains drilling Speed, drilling distance and borehole wall image;Segment mark is stored in the digital processing element;
The drilling core that the drilling equipment is collected is tested, and obtains rock mass mechanics ginseng according to rock mass strength criterion Number, is stored in the digital processing element;
The label of section, rate of penetration and its mechanics parameter are fitted by the digital processing element.
The drilling measuring unit includes: the distance measuring sensor that tests the speed;Record rate of penetration and to the distance put in situ in real time.
The camera unit includes: borehole camera instrument;Obtain borehole wall image.
The digital processing element includes: industrial personal computer;Realize convenient and fast man-machine communication, data input and Fitting Analysis.
A specific embodiment introduction will be passed through below.
The unit that drills executes the bore operation as deep formation rock mass bored borehole;Drilling measuring unit is measured and is acquired Storage related dynamic parameter with drilling.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, distance measuring sensor is tested the speed to monitor measurement relative to the drilling size of datum mark and drilling speed Degree.In real time by measurement data Coutinuous store, according to the analysis to real-time drilling parameter data generate drill bit drilling depth one with The curve of time change, rate of penetration with change in depth conditional curve.
It should be noted that during the entire process of drilling, the external parameters such as drilling machine oil pressure (propulsive force on drill bit) Setting should remain constant, and the drilling parameter conditional curve obtained under this condition just can be used to test analysis along the rock mass of drilling Mechanical characteristic.
Referring to Fig. 3,360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole are obtained from aperture to bottom hole using digital borehole camera instrument, after digitized processing The distribution situation of the structural planes such as rock cranny is obtained, to carry out subregion to the whole rock mass structure of drilling.
According to lithology and rock cranny degree and rate of decay, to the rock mass along drilling, section partition is carried out according to depth, And it is marked.Specifically, rock cranny degree is represented using K to be divided as main standard, that is, refer to along drilling axis unit Joint quantity in length is as the main criteria for classifying;Also it can also be divided using certain lithology major parameters as index.
The K=0 of rockmass section dredges jointed rock mass section K=1~3m-1, close jointed rock mass section K=3~10 m-1, be free of endpoint 3, very heading rock mass section K > 10m-1
The mechanics parameter of different depth drilling core is obtained by laboratory test and converts thereof into respective segments rock mass Mechanics parameter.
Referring to fig. 4~6, and further the corresponding quantitation curve relationship of rate of penetration is obtained by the fitting of section multisample.
Test method of the present invention is described further below with reference to example.
Specific embodiment:
This example carries out the rock mass structure and mechanical characteristic of the Jinping hydropower station test tunnel of buried depth 2370m in situ Test, drill hole depth 35.96m.Specific steps and method are as follows:
The installation drilling measuring unit on drilling machine unit, and carry out drilling operation.In this example, drilling machine unit is one Hydraulic rotary drill.When drilling machine is crept into, drill bit rotates on one side, is entered the bottom end of wellbore by pushing tow on one side.Output and amount of movement Directly proportional voltage signal.
It creeps into measuring unit and the analog voltage signal surveyed is delivered to digital processing element, by industrial personal computer to drilling parameter Data are stored and are analyzed.
By the further analysis processing to monitoring data, rate of penetration is generated with the conditional curve of change in depth.
Fig. 1 is the real-time curve that drilling 15.68~26.36m range intrinsic displacement changes over time, and abscissa is the reality of drilling When the time, ordinate be drilling rod displacement, unit is mm.
Fig. 2 is the Complete Curve that rate of penetration changes with hole depth.
Referring to Fig. 3, digital borehole camera instrument is installed in drilling, the virtual core of drilling that is obtained by data video camera and Plane outspread drawing intuitively shows occurrence and the width of the structural planes such as crack.According to different time sections with the test image at position, The generation and development and evolution feature of the structural planes such as crack can further be obtained.
Referring to fig. 4~6, the rock mass mechanics that laboratory test obtains the whole different sections of drilling is carried out to the part core taken The mechanics parameter of core is converted into the mechanics parameter of respective segments rock mass using certain rock mass strength criterion by characterisitic parameter, from And establish the quantitative relationship between drilling speed and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass.
In conclusion drilling process monitoring system can be tracked deep rock mass information.According to the change of drilling parameter Change feature and deep rock mass structure can accurately and reliably be judged in conjunction with borehole camera;According to the change of drilling speed in drilling process Change feature and indoor core is combined to test the quantitative relationship that can get between drilling speed and the mechanics parameter of penetrated rock mass, similar Geology and drilling condition under, based on the drilling speed parameter that continuously monitors and combine borehole camera image along hole wall, it is fixed using this Magnitude relation can seek the mechanics parameters of continuous, reliable deep rock mass.The prominent more means of the test method combine, can It is high by degree, comprehensive evaluation is carried out for deep high-ground stress rock mass structure and mechanical characteristic, to deep underground engineering design Reliable foundation is provided with construction.
It should be noted last that the above specific embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, Although being described the invention in detail referring to example, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to the present invention Technical solution be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all cover In the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering creeps into test method in situ characterized by comprising
Establish the drilling parameter of object to be tested and the quantization corresponding relationship of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
According to practical drilling parameter, corresponding Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained according to the quantization corresponding relationship;
Wherein, factually object to be measured is divided into different sections by border geological condition, establishes the amount of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass Change corresponding relationship;
The quantization corresponding relationship for establishing drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass the following steps are included:
Drilling operation is executed by drilling machine;
In drilling process, drilling parameter and drilling core this moment are obtained in real time;
Test is carried out to the drilling core and obtains the mechanics parameter of respective segments rock mass according to rock mass strength criterion;
Establish the quantization corresponding relationship of drilling parameter and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass;
Wherein, the drilling parameter includes: rate of penetration and borehole wall image;The rate of penetration, borehole wall image And the drilling core is corresponded to each other according to acquisition position.
2. the rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering as described in claim 1 creeps into test method in situ, which is characterized in that The borehole wall image includes: 360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole;
360 ° of images of the wall of a borehole obtain the plane outspread drawing of borehole wall and the virtual core figure that drills by digitized processing, Distribution situation, lithology and the rate of decay of rock cranny in drilling are obtained, and section partition is carried out with this, and mark.
3. the rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering as claimed in claim 2 creeps into test method in situ, it is characterised in that: Rate of penetration and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass are fitted, the quantitative relationship of rate of penetration and Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass is obtained.
4. the rock mass mechanics characteristic of deep underground engineering as claimed in claim 3 creeps into test method in situ, it is characterised in that: In drilling process, the operating parameter setting of drilling equipment is constant always.
5. the rock mass mechanics characteristic such as the described in any item deep underground engineerings of Claims 1 to 4 creeps into test method in situ, It is characterized in that, the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass includes: the elastic modulus E of rock massm, cohesive strength c and internal friction angle
6. a kind of rock mass mechanics characteristic of depth underground engineering creeps into test device in situ, comprising: drilling equipment;It is characterized in that, Further include:
Measuring unit is crept into, is arranged on the drilling equipment, follows its movement, obtains real-time rate of penetration and drilling distance;
Camera unit obtains borehole wall image;
Digital processing element is connected with the drilling measuring unit and the drilling camera unit respectively, acquisition rate of penetration, Drilling distance and borehole wall image;
Wherein, according to the borehole wall image by drilling core, simultaneously according to lithology, rock cranny degree and rate of decay sectional Label, and segment mark is stored in the digital processing element;Same section has similar feature;
The drilling core is tested, and obtains the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass of respective segments according to rock mass strength criterion, storage In the digital processing element;
The digital processing element establishes the quantitative relationship between rate of penetration and the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass.
7. the rock mass mechanics characteristic of depth underground engineering as claimed in claim 6 creeps into test device in situ, which is characterized in that institute Stating drilling measuring unit includes: the distance measuring sensor that tests the speed;Record rate of penetration and to the distance put in situ in real time.
8. the rock mass mechanics characteristic of depth underground engineering as claimed in claim 7 creeps into test device in situ, which is characterized in that institute Stating camera unit includes: borehole camera instrument;Obtain borehole wall image.
9. special as the rock mass mechanics characteristic of the described in any item deep underground engineerings of claim 7~8 creeps into test device in situ Sign is that the digital processing element includes: industrial personal computer.
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