CN109853508B - Method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation - Google Patents
Method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109853508B CN109853508B CN201910196319.9A CN201910196319A CN109853508B CN 109853508 B CN109853508 B CN 109853508B CN 201910196319 A CN201910196319 A CN 201910196319A CN 109853508 B CN109853508 B CN 109853508B
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Abstract
The invention discloses aA method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction and excavation relates to the field of geological disaster investigation design and prevention and control of side slope engineering. It comprises the following steps: step 1: drilling a first hole in the upper rock mass of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane, and drilling a second hole in the lower rock mass of the sliding bed or the outward-inclined structural plane; step 2: inserting a stylus into the first hole; inserting the scale into the second hole; and step 3: the terrain slope of the near-empty slope at the outlet of the landslide or rock deformation shear is a, the inclination angle of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface is b, and the height between the measuring pin and the bottom of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface is h1The height between the measuring needle and the graduated scale is h2(ii) a And 4, step 4: the amount of horizontal displacement of the pointer on the scale is recorded every day, and a time-horizontal displacement graph is made. The invention realizes convenient equipment manufacture, simpler installation and feasible and practical method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological disaster investigation design and prevention and control of slope engineering in the industries of water conservancy and hydropower, municipal administration, traffic, electric power and the like, in particular to a method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction and excavation.
Background
In the process of side slope engineering construction excavation in the industries of water conservancy and hydropower, municipal administration, traffic, electric power and the like, geological conditions such as a slide slope front edge cutting foot and a rock slope unfavorable structural surface combined block body are often encountered, at the moment, the deformation tendency of the slide slope body or the deformation tendency of the rock mass front edge cutting foot on the upper part of an outward-inclined structural surface along the sliding surface and the rock mass front edge combined block body along the outward-inclined structural surface and other geological structural types needs to be mastered in time, and the occurrence of geological disasters such as slide slope, collapse and the like is avoided at the first time.
At present, deformation monitoring is generally adopted at home and abroad aiming at landslide or rock deformation, and has the characteristics of periodic repeated measurement, high precision, comprehensive application of various measurement technologies, emphasis on researching potential change of a monitoring network and the like, but the deformation monitoring also has the defects of long early-stage arrangement time, inconvenience in arrangement, relatively high cost and the like. Deformation monitoring work with high precision is not needed in the actual construction process of slope engineering, and only whether a lower slope has a deformation trend or not needs to be known so as to take engineering treatment measures in time.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation, which has a simple structure and convenient operation and meets the actual requirements of engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a method for measuring the landslide or rock deformation in construction excavation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, drilling a first hole at an upper rock mass of a landslide body or an outward-inclined structural plane, drilling a second hole at a lower rock mass of a slip bed or an outward-inclined structural plane below the upper rock mass of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane, and forming a slip band or an outward-inclined structural plane between the upper rock mass of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane and the lower rock mass of the slip bed or the outward-inclined structural plane; then, filling cement mortar in the first hole and the second hole;
step 2: horizontally inserting the tail part of the measuring probe into the first hole by an insertion length L135 cm; the tail part of the graduated scale is horizontally inserted into the second hole by the insertion length L235 cm; the measuring needle and the graduated scale are arranged in parallel, a pointer at the head of the measuring needle is arranged vertically, the head of the graduated scale is a graduated scale, and the downward length of the pointer crosses the graduated scale; fixing the measuring needle at the orifice of the first hole, and fixing the graduated scale at the orifice of the second hole;
and step 3: the terrain slope of the near-empty slope at the outlet of the landslide or rock deformation shear is a, the inclination angle of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface is b, and the height between the measuring pin and the bottom of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface is h1The height between the measuring needle and the graduated scale is h2，Wherein:
h2＝h1+10cm
and 4, step 4: the amount of horizontal displacement of the pointer on the scale is recorded every day, and a time-horizontal displacement graph is made.
In the above technical solution, in step 2, the inner diameter of the pointer is 2 mm; the dial layout length is 15cm, and the precision is millimeter level.
In the above technical solution, in step 2, the dial has a length L from the second hole opening3，L3Taking the distance between 10 and 20 cm; the length of the pointer to the first hole orifice is L4，
In the above technical solution, in step 1, the first hole and the second hole are horizontal holes having a diameter of 30-50 mm.
The displacement data of the pointer on the dial is measured, the deformation trend of the rock mass on the upper part of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane is known, and a technical basis is provided for slope engineering to prevent geological disasters such as landslide and collapse. The invention can quickly know the deformation condition of the landslide body or the rock mass on the upper part of the outward-inclined structural plane after the front edge is subjected to foot cutting, has convenient equipment manufacture and simpler installation, and is feasible and practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic size diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an angle view of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the sliding surface of the upper rock mass of the landslide body or camber structural surface in practical use of the present invention.
In the figure, 11-a rock mass on the upper part of a landslide body or a camber structural plane, 111-a first hole, 12-a rock mass on the lower part of a sliding bed or a camber structural plane, 121-a second hole, 13-a sliding belt or a camber structural plane, 2-a measuring pin, 21-a pointer, 3-a graduated scale and 31-a graduated scale.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be apparent and readily appreciated by the description.
With reference to the accompanying drawings: the method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, drilling a first hole 111 at the upper rock mass 11 of the landslide body or the camber structural surface, drilling a second hole 121 at the lower rock mass 12 of the slip bed or the camber structural surface below the upper rock mass 11 of the landslide body or the camber structural surface, and forming a slip band or a camber structural surface 13 between the upper rock mass 11 of the landslide body or the camber structural surface and the lower rock mass 12 of the slip bed or the camber structural surface; then, filling cement mortar in the first hole 111 and the second hole 121;
step 2: the tail part of the measuring probe 2 is horizontally inserted into the first hole 111 and insertedLength L135 cm; the tail part of the graduated scale 3 is horizontally inserted into the second hole 121 by the insertion length L235 cm; the measuring needle 2 and the graduated scale 3 are arranged in parallel, the pointer 21 at the head of the measuring needle 2 is vertically arranged, the head of the graduated scale 3 is a dial 31, and the pointer 21 passes through the dial 31 in the downward length; fixing the measuring needle 2 by using a stone or a wood bar at the orifice of the first hole 111, and fixing the graduated scale 3 by using a stone or a wood bar at the orifice of the second hole 121;
and step 3: the terrain slope of the near-empty slope at the outlet of the landslide or rock mass deformation shear is a, the inclination angle of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface 13 is b, and the height between the measuring pin 2 and the bottom of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface 13 is h1The height between the measuring needle 2 and the graduated scale 3 is h2Wherein:
h2＝h1+10cm
and 4, step 4: the amount of horizontal displacement of the pointer 21 on the scale 31 is recorded every day, and a time-horizontal displacement graph is made.
In step 2, the inner diameter of the pointer 21 is 2 mm; the dial 31 is 15cm in length, millimeter in accuracy and convenient for direct measurement by naked eyes.
In step 2, the dial 31 has a length L from the opening of the second hole 1213，L3Taking the distance between 10 and 20 cm; the pointer 21 has a length L from the hole of the first hole 1114，
When the landslide mass or the rock mass 11 on the upper part of the outward-inclined structural plane deforms and displaces, the pointer 21 can be guaranteed to synchronously dislocate on the dial 31, and deformation displacement data can be conveniently and directly measured.
In step 1, the first hole 111 and the second hole 121 are horizontal holes with diameters of 30-50 mm. According to practical experience, the hole diameter is convenient for fixing the measuring pin 2 and the graduated scale 3; after the cement mortar is filled, the displacement of the upper rock mass 11 of the landslide body or the camber structural plane can be conveniently measured for a long time.
Through practical use at multiple places, the measurement result obtained by the measurement method is accurate, real and reliable (as shown in figure 4); when the rock mass 11 on the upper part of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane has horizontal displacement signs and the horizontal displacement rate is greater than 2mm every day for 3 continuous days, alarming is sent to building units such as owners, design, supervision, construction and the like, and emergency engineering treatment is adopted.
Claims (4)
1. The method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, drilling a first hole (111) at a landslide body or an upper rock mass (11) of an outward-inclined structural plane, drilling a second hole (121) at a sliding bed or a lower rock mass (12) of the outward-inclined structural plane below the landslide body or the upper rock mass (11) of the outward-inclined structural plane, and forming a sliding belt or an outward-inclined structural plane (13) between the landslide body or the upper rock mass (11) of the outward-inclined structural plane and the sliding bed or the lower rock mass (12) of the outward-inclined structural plane; then, filling cement mortar in the first hole (111) and the second hole (121);
step 2: the tail part of the measuring needle (2) is horizontally inserted into the first hole (111) by the insertion length L135 cm; the tail part of the graduated scale (3) is horizontally inserted into the second hole (121) by the insertion length L235 cm; the measuring needle (2) and the graduated scale (3) are arranged in parallel, a pointer (21) at the head of the measuring needle (2) is vertically arranged, the head of the graduated scale (3) is a dial (31), and the downward length of the pointer (21) exceeds the dial (31); the measuring needle (2) is fixed at the orifice of the first hole (111), and the graduated scale (3) is fixed at the orifice of the second hole (121);
and step 3: the terrain gradient of an adjacent empty slope surface at the position of a landslide or rock mass deformation shear outlet is a, the inclination angle of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface (13) is b, and the height between the measuring pin (2) and the bottom of the sliding belt or the camber structural surface (13) is h1The height between the measuring needle (2) and the graduated scale (3) is h2Wherein:
h2＝h1+10cm
and 4, step 4: recording the horizontal displacement of the pointer (21) on the dial (31) every day, and making a time-horizontal displacement curve chart;
when the rock mass (11) on the upper part of the landslide body or the outward-inclined structural plane has horizontal displacement signs and the horizontal displacement rate is greater than 2mm every day for 3 days continuously, an alarm is sent to an owner, a design, supervision and construction participating unit, and emergency engineering treatment is adopted.
2. The method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the inner diameter of the pointer (21) is 2 mm; the dial (31) is arranged with a length of 15cm and a precision of millimeter level.
3. The method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in step 2, the dial (31) has a length L from the opening of the second hole (121)3，L3Taking the distance between 10 and 20 cm; the length of the pointer (21) from the hole opening of the first hole (111) is L4，
4. The method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 1, the first hole (111) and the second hole (121) are horizontal holes with the diameter of 30-50 mm.
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| CN201910196319.9A CN109853508B (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | Method for measuring landslide or rock mass deformation in construction excavation |
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| CN109853508B true CN109853508B (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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| CN113551637B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-01-24 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Monitoring device and method for surrounding rock deformation in whole process of tunnel construction based on TBM |
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| CN101806591A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-08-18 | 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 | Three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for landslide mass |
| CN102505965B (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-10-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for identifying rock mass failure instability early warning |
| JP6279945B2 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-02-14 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Soil surface anti-slip method for earth structure |
| CN106643447A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司（武汉） | Vernier type crack measuring meter for crack deformation monitoring and using method thereof |
| CN206847519U (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-01-05 | 西华师范大学 | A kind of simple geology crack measurement apparatus |
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Address after: 430010 No. 1863 Jiefang Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee after: Changjiang Geotechnical Engineering Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHANGJIANG SURVEY PLANNING DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430010 No. 1863 Jiefang Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee before: CHANGJIANG GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Corp. Patentee before: CHANGJIANG SURVEY PLANNING DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. |