CN101806591A - Three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for landslide mass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional displacement monitoring method of a landslide body. The method is carried out according to the following steps: a. Use the existing technology to drill a hole to the bedrock, the hole diameter is Φ75mm, use a metal pipe, bury it in the drill hole, and consolidate it with cement around it; b. Connect the short joint probe in series and run it into the In the buried metal pipe, a measuring point every 0.5m is measured and compared, and the three-dimensional displacement mutation point is found at the corresponding sliding belt position. After a certain period of monitoring, the three-dimensional displacement mutation point at the position of the unstable sliding body is revealed, and the short joint probe is taken out, and then The three-dimensional displacement monitor probe of the landslide body and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe are oriented in series, placed in the metal tube at the position of the sudden change point where the slide body is unstable, and fixed for fixed monitoring; c. After the metal tube is deformed The data change value is transmitted to the three-dimensional displacement monitor of the landslide body installed on the ground for real-time collection through the remote data transmission of the small radio-type wireless Internet access GPRS transparent communication method.

Description

A method for three-dimensional displacement monitoring of landslide body

technical field

The invention relates to a monitoring method for monitoring geological disasters, in particular to a three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for landslide bodies.

Background technique

The research on the three-dimensional displacement automatic monitoring system of landslides belongs to the priority topic of geological disaster monitoring and forecasting theory and technical methods in the field of geological environment and geological disasters in the "National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)".

At present, the monitoring and forecasting methods of geological disasters in my country are mostly surface deformation monitoring and deep horizontal displacement monitoring. The monitoring of surface deformation lags behind the monitoring of deep horizontal displacement, that is to say, only relying on the measured data of surface deformation monitoring, its prediction lags behind that of deep horizontal displacement. The existing monitoring method of deep displacement and azimuth in our country is mainly the monitoring method of borehole inclinometer, such as a high-precision borehole inclinometer disclosed in Chinese invention patent ZL89107850.9. Instruments for measuring the inclination of boreholes in other industries. It consists of monitor, controller, winch, pulley, probe and reading board. The electronic target surface scanning circuit is amplified and sent to the monitor by the video cable, that is, the number of bubble circles under the hole reflecting the oblique angle of the hole and the compass reflecting the oblique azimuth angle of the hole are accurately displayed to the monitor through optical-electrical-optical conversion On the monitor screen on the ground, the values of apex angle and azimuth can be read directly, which greatly improves the accuracy of inclinometer measurement (vertex angle error ± 10 seconds), easy to operate, and has certain advantages. However, because the inclinometer tube of this inclinometer method is compressed and deformed underground, the measuring instrument cannot go down to the measuring point, and cannot measure the whole process of the sliding of the deep sliding body. And because the main sliding direction of the landslide is artificially pointed out, the real sliding direction of the deep part of the landslide cannot be judged, and the vertical settlement displacement of the deep part of the landslide cannot be monitored, so this inclinometer monitoring method cannot achieve the purpose of deep three-dimensional displacement monitoring. At present, due to the deformation of the inclinometer tubes in the hydropower dam and the Three Gorges Reservoir area, hundreds of monitoring holes cannot work and become invalid, causing a lot of manpower and material losses. Most of the places in our country where borehole inclinometer tubes are used are still manual timing collection, and real-time automatic monitoring and dynamic monitoring have not been realized. In this way, the sliding data collection of sliding bodies is not timely, incomplete, and there are many missed mining. In terms of monitoring methods for the deep displacement of landslides, the borehole inclination method is mainly used at home and abroad, that is, the inclinometer is used to monitor the sliding part of the deep landslide body by laying an inclinometer in the borehole, and monitor the horizontal displacement, sliding speed and sliding speed of the landslide body. In the case of intermittent sliding, the deep relative displacement deformation is the predecessor of the surface displacement deformation, and the two are closely related. The monitoring of the deep relative displacement deformation can predict the stability of the landslide in advance. The main manufacturers of borehole inclinometers include the CX series borehole inclinometer jointly developed by the Chinese Academy of Hydropower Sciences and the 33rd Institute of the Ministry of Aerospace Sciences, the BF5515 sliding type inclinometer of the North Instrument Factory, and the NCX-IP of the Narui Dam Engineering Monitoring Company. Type fixed inclinometer and NCX-1H (V) multiplex fixed inclinometer. These products mainly include the 50302510 drilling inclinometer (both movable and fixed) produced by SINCO in the United States, and the RT-20 inclinometer of Canada ROCLEST Co., Ltd., etc., which are mainly sold in China. better market. The products currently produced at home and abroad do not have the performance of monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the sliding body. At present, countries such as Japan, Europe and the United States are also using fixed borehole inclinometers for automatic monitoring of deep displacement and deformation of landslides, but there is no three-dimensional monitoring of the sliding body deep in the landslide. Displacement monitoring. It is of great practical significance to accurately monitor and collect real-time data on the three-dimensional displacement data of deep landslides to predict the occurrence of disasters and monitor landslide prevention and control projects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for landslides.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional displacement monitoring method of landslide body.

A kind of landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitoring method of the present invention is characterized in that following steps are carried out:

a. Drilling to the bedrock with the existing technology, the hole diameter is Φ75mm, using a metal pipe with high shear strength and good elasticity and toughness, buried in the drill hole, and cemented around it;

b. Connect the sub-joint probes of the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor in series and lower them into the buried metal pipe, measure and compare each measuring point every 0.5m, and find the three-dimensional displacement mutation point at the corresponding sliding zone position. After a certain period of time, the monitoring tool will not After the sudden change point of the three-dimensional displacement of the stable sliding body position is revealed, take out the probe of the short joint, and then put the probe of the three-dimensional displacement monitor of the landslide body and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe in series, and lower it into the corresponding unstable part of the sliding body in the metal tube. The position of the sudden change point is fixed, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring of the fixed landslide body is carried out;

c. The data change values such as three-dimensional displacement after the deformation of the metal pipe are transmitted to the landslide mass three-dimensional displacement automatic monitor installed on the ground for real-time collection through the remote data transmission of the small radio wireless Internet GPRS transparent communication method.

In step a of the method of the present invention, the borehole is a borehole obtained by a conventional drilling process. In general, the end hole of the borehole passes through the slide zone of the collapsed landslide and enters the complete bedrock. To facilitate subsequent data processing, vertical holes can usually be drilled, but oblique holes can also be drilled when necessary. The metal pipe may be a steel pipe or a geological casing commonly used in existing deep displacement monitoring. The purpose of the cementing is to couple the metal pipe to the surrounding rock surrounding the borehole. After the cement mortar is solidified, the force of the surrounding rock around the drill hole can be transmitted to the monitoring instrument in the metal pipe through the cement. The water-cement ratio of cement consolidation should be determined according to the rock-soil mass property test of the surrounding rock, so that it can be more accurately coupled with the surrounding rock around the borehole, thereby ensuring that the force of the surrounding rock around the borehole is also more accurate. Passed to the monitoring instrument inside the metal tube. In the step b of the method of the present invention, the short joint probe of the landslide body three-dimensional displacement automatic monitor is the existing three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe of the front section. The directional serialization of the landslide body three-dimensional displacement automatic monitor probe and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe refers to the multi-probe improved landslide body three-dimensional displacement automatic monitoring made after the existing front-end three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe sensor and memory instrument. It can adopt existing commercially available products to refit, and can also adopt self-developed products, such as the applicant's patent for a three-dimensional displacement automatic monitor for landslide bodies and the like for utility model patent application No. 200820223589.1 .

In the step b of the method of the present invention, after a certain period of time, after the three-dimensional displacement mutation point of the unstable slide body position is revealed, the short joint probe is taken out, and then the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor probe and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement The probes are oriented in series, lowered and placed in the corresponding unstable mutation point of the slide body in the metal pipe and fixed, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring of the fixed landslide body is carried out. That is, it can be accurately monitored at the position that needs to be monitored (sliding body displacement mutation point), without wasting a lot of high-value equipment for universal monitoring. point, while the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor probe and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe are used for long-term and accurate monitoring on the discovered slide mass displacement mutation point. In this way, the method of the present invention can greatly save high-value measuring equipment used in geological survey and geological disaster prediction, and can obtain the most valuable information more accurately and quickly.

In step c of the method of the present invention, the data change values such as three-dimensional displacement after the deformation of the metal pipe are transmitted to the three-dimensional displacement of the landslide body installed on the ground through the remote data transmission of the small radio wireless Internet access GPRS transparent communication method Automatic monitoring instrument for real-time collection. That is to say, the three-dimensional displacement automatic monitor of the landslide body converts the obtained analog signal such as the three-dimensional displacement after the deformation of the metal pipe into a data electric signal, which is not only stored in its own memory, but also transmitted to the ground through the existing wireless data transmission method. computer for analysis. The displacement data of this scheme is obtained by measuring the displacement values of the three-dimensional deformation parts of each point of the deformed metal pipe. Through wireless data transmission, a lot of manpower and material resources can be saved, monitoring information can be obtained as quickly as possible, and "first-hand information" can be obtained when a disaster occurs, and of course the lives of monitoring personnel are also protected accordingly.

The comparison between the research level of the inventive method and the current domestic and international advanced level has following characteristics:

(1) It can automatically monitor the three-dimensional displacement changes of the landslide deep in real time at the same time, and determine the three-dimensional displacement in the deep part of the landslide (that is, two-dimensional horizontal sliding, vertical settlement) and the scale of the sliding intensity of the landslide, which is an important parameter for predicting landslide disasters. The monitoring methods and instruments of the same kind in other countries do not have these two monitoring methods.

(2) Dynamic data such as landslide sliding time, location, and three-dimensional displacement (that is, two-dimensional horizontal sliding, vertical settlement) distance can be stored in a memory during real-time automatic monitoring. The whole process of deformation until the moment of slippery, check after recycling. This is not available in similar monitoring methods and instruments at home and abroad.

(3) It can monitor automatically in real time and can simultaneously access the Internet and quickly transmit the collected data on the Internet.

Compared with the existing domestic and foreign monitoring techniques and methods, it is novel and creative in comparison with the above-mentioned three characteristics and the technology and method of sliding mass monitoring in the deep part of the landslide. For the first time at home and abroad, parameters such as the sliding time, location, and three-dimensional displacement (ie, two-dimensional horizontal sliding, vertical settlement) distance of the landslide body are simultaneously monitored during the entire process of the landslide disaster. In the three-dimensional displacement and deformation monitoring of the deep part of the landslide, the memory is used to track and store information, which is used as the information basis for inspection, analysis and storage after severe landslides. In the three-dimensional displacement and deformation monitoring of the deep part of the landslide, the Internet is realized, and the information is transmitted on the Internet and the monitoring parameters are viewed.

This method is used to study the change of the three-dimensional displacement of the landslide body sliding along the sliding surface. There are three main parameters to be studied:

The change of the three-dimensional displacement when the landslide body slides, that is, the horizontal displacement in the X and Y two-axis directions and the vertical settlement displacement (Z-axis direction) of the landslide body when the landslide body slides. The displacement measurement unit is mm;

This method is also used to study the use of high-precision three-dimensional quartz flexible accelerometers to develop a real-time automatic monitor for the three-dimensional displacement test of the landslide body; the research on the real-time automatic monitoring process technology for the three-dimensional displacement test of the landslide body includes: researching the three-dimensional sliding of the landslide body The relationship between the change law of displacement parameters and the impact on the stability of the landslide (or disaster); develop the technical method of automatic real-time acquisition and wireless transmission to the Internet for monitoring the dynamic changes of the three-dimensional displacement movement of the landslide; research the technology of monitoring the sliding three-dimensional accelerometer of the landslide The method includes: researching the relationship between the changing law of the sliding three-dimensional displacement parameters of the landslide body and the influence (or disaster) on the stability of the landslide; establishing two test points for field production tests, and completing the monitoring and forecasting process; studying the acquisition of the three-dimensional displacement motion parameters of the landslide body The software required for various ground instruments and transmissions; the mathematical model and forecasting model for studying the three-dimensional acceleration displacement parameters of landslide sliding mass and the dynamic changes of three-dimensional displacement parameters.

Selection of the testing site:

The test site should be selected in areas prone to geological landslide disasters and sudden-onset areas, and should be buried in areas where landslide disasters can occur. This set of monitoring test system can ensure the operation effect of the whole process of monitoring, and the measured parameters can be effectively verified and explored. If there is no disaster, the monitoring effect cannot be guaranteed.

Currently selected in Ya'an Yucheng District, Sichuan Province, Sichuan Neiyishuifu Expressway, Xichang-Panzhihua Expressway, etc. These areas are prone to landslide disasters and sudden-onset areas, often threatening people's lives and blocking traffic. The monitoring system monitors and grasps the law of the three-dimensional displacement of the landslide mass and the law of the intensity of the acceleration change throughout the process, and explores the value of monitoring and early warning.

The main technical problems, difficulties and innovations solved by this method:

1. Solve the process technology and installation method of three-dimensional sliding monitoring of landslide body; develop and realize the three-dimensional displacement automatic monitoring instrument of landslide body used in the technical method of three-dimensional sliding monitoring of landslide body;

2. Use the directional coring method to determine the original state of the landslide body (the "collapse body" inside the "slide bed" of the landslide);

3. Solve the relationship between the change of the three-dimensional sliding displacement of the sliding body at different stages and the sliding strength and law of the landslide, and the impact on the stability of the landslide;

4. Solve the influence of the change of three-dimensional sliding displacement parameters of the landslide body on the stability of the landslide;

5. Establish the mathematical model and prediction model of the three-dimensional sliding and three-dimensional displacement parameters of the landslide body.

By studying the change process and law of the three-dimensional displacement of the landslide body before and after the outbreak of sudden disasters, the whole process of the landslide body disaster is tracked and monitored by using data acquisition and memory. Research automatic monitoring and wireless Internet access technology, realize online transmission and viewing of monitoring parameters, realize full real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement changes of landslides, and solve the problem that the three-dimensional displacement of landslides could not be monitored in real time in the past.

Examination the present invention adopts the main technical parameter of instrument and tool to be:

1. Three-dimensional displacement measurement range accuracy: 0-2m or more, accuracy 3-5%.

2. Anti-hydraulic strength of underground probe: 3Mpa

3. Ambient temperature: -20°C to +45°C

4. Measurement method: multi-probe test

5. Radio measurement pulse: (frequency) 1～12GNZ

6. Power supply: DC12V/TAH maintenance-free battery and 10W solar panel;

7. Output: RS-232 data interface wireless data transmission station transmission;

8. Modulation method: FSK

9. Application frequency: 220MHZ

10. Data rate: 1200bps or 2400bps

11. Channel bit error rate: ≤10-4;

12. Working method: self-report or answer call-in test, automatic unattended, real-time data collection and storage, wireless telemetry and remote control.

13. Wireless Internet GPRS (or CDMA) transparent communication data transmission

14. Working method: Self-report or answer call-in test, automatic unattended, real-time data collection, wireless Internet transmission.

The method of the present invention uses a three-dimensional accelerometer to be placed at the position of the sliding belt in the borehole to monitor the full three-dimensional displacement value of the sliding belt sliding, as well as the change and law of the discrete displacement of the sliding body, and to study the relationship between the change and the disaster caused by the sliding body .

The method of the invention not only has all the advantages of the existing landslide deep monitoring method, but also solves the problems existing in the original monitoring method and means. That is, the whole process of real-time dynamic automatic tracking and monitoring can be realized through project establishment research, not only tracking and monitoring the sliding part, sliding distance, and sliding time, but more importantly, it can track and monitor the three-dimensional displacement of landslide sliding (that is, two-dimensional horizontal and vertical settlement). Moreover, the research project has a memory, which can store the monitoring data in the whole process. After the landslide collapses and finds this memory, it is convenient for further research on the law of landslide sliding intensity, scale and preventive measures.

The method of the present invention realizes online transmission of information in the monitoring of landslide body displacement and deformation by monitoring parameters such as the three-dimensional displacement of landslide body sliding in the whole process of landslide disaster, and checking and analyzing the stored information after severe landslides, and can achieve high-density , High-quality data collection, accurate and rapid judgment of "the characteristics of the landslide activity mechanism". It is of great significance to further improve and develop the monitoring method of displacement and deformation of rock and soil landslides, and promote the development of landslide monitoring and forecasting system for disaster reduction and prevention.

Compared with the aforementioned existing similar products, a method for monitoring three-dimensional displacement of a landslide body according to the present invention realizes full real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement changes of the landslide body, and solves the problem that the three-dimensional displacement of the landslide body cannot be monitored in real time throughout the whole process in the past. It is of great significance to disaster reduction and prevention.

The content of the present invention is further described in conjunction with the following examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the content involved in the examples.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: a kind of landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitoring method described in the present embodiment is characterized in that following steps are carried out:

a. Drilling to the bedrock with the existing technology, the hole diameter is Φ75mm, using a metal pipe with high shear strength and good elasticity and toughness, buried in the drill hole, and cemented around it;

b. Connect the sub-joint probes of the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor in series and lower them into the buried metal pipe, measure and compare each measuring point every 0.5m, and find the three-dimensional displacement mutation point at the corresponding sliding zone position. After a certain period of time, the monitoring tool will not After the sudden change point of the three-dimensional displacement of the stable sliding body position is revealed, take out the probe of the short joint, and then put the probe of the three-dimensional displacement monitor of the landslide body and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe in series, and lower it into the corresponding unstable part of the sliding body in the metal tube. The position of the sudden change point is fixed, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring of the fixed landslide body is carried out;

c. Data changes such as three-dimensional displacement after deformation of the metal pipe are transmitted to the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor installed on the ground for real-time collection through the data remote transmission of the small radio wireless Internet access GPRS transparent communication method.

The specific method is:

For the areas where there are horizontal displacement monitoring holes, use the data of the monitoring holes to find the mutation point of the largest three displacement changes, and put the probe of the three-dimensional displacement monitor of the landslide body and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe into the corresponding sliding body in series. The position of the three-dimensional mutation point is stable, and it is fixed for the whole process monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of the fixed landslide mass. For areas without horizontal displacement monitoring holes, another hole should be drilled according to the design, and the prepared three-dimensional accelerometers should be placed in the sliding belt and fixed for full monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of the fixed landslide body. This slip zone should be confirmed according to geological data and directional coring data. The self-developed landslide three-dimensional displacement monitor installed on the ground can automatically collect real-time and automatic data changes such as the three-dimensional displacement of the buried measuring tube after deformation, and can be collected and stored in the memory. pass. The three-dimensional displacement data of this scheme is obtained by measuring the value of the three-dimensional displacement of each point of the deformation part of the measuring tube after deformation, so a large-scale measurement can be carried out.

Claims (1)

1. A landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitoring method is characterized in that it is carried out according to the following steps: a. Drilling to the bedrock with the existing technology, the hole diameter is Φ75mm, using a metal pipe with high shear strength and good elasticity and toughness, buried in the drill hole, and cemented around it; b. Connect the sub-joint probes of the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor in series and lower them into the buried metal pipe, measure and compare each measuring point every 0.5m, and find the three-dimensional displacement mutation point at the corresponding sliding zone position. After a certain period of time, the monitoring tool will not After the sudden change point of the three-dimensional displacement of the stable sliding body position is revealed, take out the probe of the short joint, and then put the probe of the three-dimensional displacement monitor of the landslide body and the packaged three-dimensional acceleration displacement probe in series, and lower it into the corresponding unstable part of the sliding body in the metal tube. The position of the sudden change point is fixed, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring of the fixed landslide body is carried out; c. Data changes such as three-dimensional displacement after deformation of the metal pipe are transmitted to the landslide body three-dimensional displacement monitor installed on the ground for real-time collection through the data remote transmission of the small radio wireless Internet access GPRS transparent communication method.