CN115788579A - Method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata during coal seam mining - Google Patents
Method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata during coal seam mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial and temporal evolution monitoring method, which carries out layered continuous monitoring on the underground of a monitoring area along the vertical direction of coal seam pushing to obtain underground layer position deformation data; periodically carrying out regional measurement on the ground surface of a monitoring region along the coal seam mining direction to obtain ground surface deformation data; constructing a dynamic model for developing the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock through the deformation data of the underground layer and the surface deformation data, and acquiring the developing rule data of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock; and acquiring time-space relation data between the push mining progress of the underground coal seam working face and the development height of the three zones of the overlying strata by utilizing the development rule data of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, and taking the time-space relation data as a monitoring basis for underground safe mining. The method integrates unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography surveying and mapping, earth surface movement observation, water flowing fractured zone detection and optical fiber monitoring technologies, provides help for the optimal exploration opportunity of the overburden three-zone development height, and is favorable for underground safe exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata in coal seam exploitation.
Background
With the transfer of the development layout of Chinese coal resources, the dwarfism coal seam becomes the main coal mining seam of the northwest type coal field, and the water damage of the top plate is an important influence factor for restricting the exploitation of the dwarfism coal seam.
The water damage of the roof not only seriously affects the production safety of mines, but also aggravates the ecological environment problem of relevant areas. The development characteristic of overlying rock fracture is one of key factors causing roof water damage, so that the dynamic development process of the overlying rock mass space of the mining coal seam roof has very important significance for coal mine safety, efficient mining and mine area environment protection. In the traditional technology, the vertical development condition of the overlying strata at a specific point at a specific time is only limited to be detected, and the space-time evolution law of the overlying strata damage under mining disturbance cannot be revealed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present disclosure aims to provide a method for monitoring spatiotemporal evolution of three overlying strata zones in coal seam mining, which can realize analysis of spatiotemporal development characteristics of three overlying strata zones in a whole period of coal seam mining.
Based on the purpose, the invention provides a method for monitoring three-zone spatial and temporal evolution of overlying strata during coal seam mining, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining model data: the model data comprises subsurface layer position deformation data and earth surface deformation data: the underground stratum deformation data is obtained by continuously monitoring the underground of the monitoring area in a layering way along the coal seam mining vertical direction; the earth surface deformation data are obtained by periodically carrying out regional measurement on the earth surface of the monitoring region along the pushing and mining direction of the coal bed;
(2) Constructing a dynamic model: constructing a development dynamic model of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock according to the underground stratum position deformation data and the surface deformation data, and acquiring development rule data of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock according to the development dynamic model of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock;
(3) Obtaining a space-time relation: and acquiring time-space relation data between the push mining progress of the underground coal seam working face and the development height of the three zones of the overlying strata by utilizing the development rule data of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, and taking the time-space relation data as a monitoring basis for underground safe mining.
The method is used as a preferable scheme of a method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal mining, and comprises the steps of collecting deformation data of the underground layers of a ground surface mobile monitoring station and a exploration hole through distributed optical fiber monitoring and a water guide fractured zone exploration hole in the step a), wherein the deformation data of the underground layers comprise the development height of the water guide fractured zone in a monitoring area and the deformation data of each preset underground layer.
The method is used as a preferred scheme of a coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method, in the distributed optical fiber monitoring process, a vertical drill hole is drilled in the earth surface of a monitoring area, and a distributed sensing optical cable is arranged in the vertical drill hole to serve as a distributed optical fiber monitoring station;
and extracting displacement information of a preset underground position in the coal seam mining overburden stratum by using the strain data in the distributed sensing optical cable.
As a preferred scheme of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method, the distributed optical fiber monitoring station further comprises a monitoring station brick body, a distribution box, a stressed steel wire rope, a steel strand and a counterweight guide head;
the monitoring station brick body is arranged at the upper part of the vertical drilling hole, and the distribution box is arranged inside the testing station brick body of the testing station brick body; the upper end of the stressed steel wire rope is connected with the distribution box, and the lower end of the stressed steel wire rope is connected with the counterweight guide head positioned in the vertical drill hole;
one end of the distributed sensing optical cable is electrically connected with the distribution box, and the other end of the distributed sensing optical cable penetrates through the counterweight guide head and is welded to form a loop;
the upper end of the steel strand is connected with the distribution box, the lower end of the steel strand is connected with the counterweight guide head, and the steel strand and the distributed sensing optical cable are fastened through a binding belt;
the distributed sensing optical cable is also electrically connected with a fiber grating wireless demodulator, and the fiber grating wireless demodulator is used for demodulating the sensing signal of the distributed sensing optical cable.
As an optimal scheme of the method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal mining, the development height of the water flowing fractured zone is explored in a ground drilling mode through core identification, drilling flushing fluid consumption or a three-dimensional drilling television.
As a preferred scheme of the method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, in the step b), the ground surface deformation data of a monitoring area is periodically collected through unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping and a ground surface mobile monitoring station, wherein the ground surface deformation data comprises ground surface settlement, a settlement range and ground crack development conditions;
and comparing the surface deformation data monitored in a plurality of preset periods to obtain the change process of the overburden three-belt dynamic area of the coal seam mining whole period.
As an optimal scheme of the method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the three zones of the overlying strata in coal seam mining, in the aerial photography and mapping process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, in a monitoring area, ground image control points are arranged and measured, aerial photography operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle is designed, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires aerial survey information, aerial survey images are processed in a later stage, aerial survey errors are corrected, and the surface subsidence amount, the subsidence range and the ground crack development condition of the monitoring area are calculated.
The method is characterized in that as a preferred scheme of a monitoring method for the spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata in coal seam mining, a ground surface moves in a monitoring process, control points and observation points are distributed in a monitoring area, a satellite positioning technology is adopted for measurement, data recorded by a satellite receiver is transmitted to a computer for processing, and a sinking curve graph of an observation line in the monitoring area is drawn by observation data to obtain ground surface deformation data with preset accuracy;
and monitoring the plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate of the monitoring area by combining the monitoring result of aerial surveying and mapping of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
As a preferable scheme of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method, the step (2) is a dynamic model construction process, and a ground surface subsidence map obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography measurement is used as 'surface' data by utilizing the ground surface deformation data and the underground layer position deformation data obtained from a monitoring area;
taking a monitoring area elevation change curve acquired by a ground surface mobile monitoring station as 'line' data;
and taking the change curve of a preset underground layer in a coal seam mining overburden stratum in the monitoring area acquired by the distributed optical fiber monitoring station and the development height of a water-conducting fractured zone in the monitoring area acquired by the water fractured zone exploration hole as point data.
As an optimal scheme of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method, a coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development dynamic model is constructed by analyzing a temporal-spatial change rule between point data, line data and surface data;
and finding out the coal seam working face push mining progress and the spatial and temporal evolution rule of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development by using the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development dynamic model.
From the above, according to the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method provided by the disclosure, the underground of a monitoring area is continuously monitored in a layered mode along the coal seam mining vertical direction to obtain the underground stratum potential deformation data; periodically carrying out regional measurement on the ground surface of a monitoring region along the mining direction of the coal seam to obtain ground surface deformation data; constructing a three-zone development dynamic model of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the deformation data of the underground stratum and the surface deformation data, and acquiring three-zone development rule data of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the three-zone development dynamic model of the coal seam mining overburden rock; and acquiring time-space relation data between the push mining progress of the underground coal seam working face and the development height of the three zones of the overlying strata by utilizing the development rule data of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, and taking the time-space relation data as a monitoring basis for underground safe mining. The method integrates the technologies of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping, surface movement observation, water flowing fractured zone detection and optical fiber monitoring, overcomes the technical defects of high engineering cost and complex implementation when the large-range monitoring density is high by using the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping, and can complete the monitoring of the area plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate with higher precision by combining the surface movement observation; meanwhile, the technical defect that the monitoring depth is limited by an unmanned aerial photography surveying and mapping technology is overcome by utilizing a water flowing fractured zone detection and distributed optical fiber monitoring technology, and three-dimensional overburden three-zone development monitoring combined with point, line and surface is formed, so that the limitation problem of the traditional single monitoring method is solved, the time-space evolution rule of the overburden three-zone development in coal seam mining is further explored, the help is provided for the optimal exploration time of the overburden three-zone development height, and the underground safe mining is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present disclosure or related technologies, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present disclosure, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a technical route diagram of a coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial and temporal evolution monitoring method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata during coal seam mining according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed optical fiber monitoring station in a coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial-temporal evolution monitoring method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of exploring a water-flowing fractured zone in the method for monitoring spatial-temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata in coal seam mining according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
In the figure, 1, a distributed optical fiber monitoring station; 2. a ground surface mobile monitoring station; 3. exploring holes in the water flowing fractured zone; 4. bending the sinking band; 5. a fissure zone; 6. a collapse zone; 7. a monitoring station brick body; 8. a distribution box; 9. a stressed wire rope; 10. steel strand wires; 11. a distributed sensing optical cable; 12. a counterweight guide head; 13. a sleeve; 14. a loose layer; 15. a basal layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should have a general meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The three zones of coal seam mining overburden rock refer to a bending subsidence zone 4, a water flowing fractured zone 5 and a caving zone 6 on the coal seam.
In the traditional detection scheme of the damage development height of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, detection is mainly carried out by methods of drilling fluid leakage amount observation, drilling hole color television peeking, double-plug plugging leakage detection test and the like in a ground or underground drilling mode. The method is generally applied to exploration of overlying strata collapse zones and fissure zones, and the development characteristics of the bent subsidence zones cannot be completely revealed. In addition, the development of the water flowing fractured zone 5 is a process of gradually increasing and then closing, the traditional method needs to detect when the development degree of the water flowing fractured zone 5 is the highest after mining damage for a period of time, the detection time is highly subjective, the development rules of different stratum lithologic combinations are different, and a large error exists only by judging the time when the water flowing fractured zone 5 is the highest through experience. The traditional method is only limited to detecting the vertical development condition of the overlying strata at a specific point at a specific time, and the space-time evolution law of the overlying strata damage under mining disturbance cannot be revealed.
In view of the above, the method comprehensively analyzes the overburden three-zone space-time development characteristics in the whole period of coal seam mining in a continuous monitoring and accurate exploration mode, and provides a new technical means for researching overburden structure damage and disaster recovery mechanisms.
Hereinafter, the technical means of the present disclosure will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment provides a method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata in coal seam mining, which includes the following steps:
(1) Obtaining model data: the model data comprises underground stratum position deformation data and earth surface deformation data:
a) Carrying out layered continuous monitoring on the underground of a monitoring area along the vertical direction of coal seam mining to obtain underground stratum position deformation data;
b) Periodically carrying out regional measurement on the ground surface of a monitoring region along the coal mining direction of the coal seam to obtain ground surface deformation data;
(2) Constructing a dynamic model: constructing a development dynamic model of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock according to the underground stratum position deformation data and the surface deformation data, and acquiring development rule data of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock according to the development dynamic model of the three zones of the coal mining overburden rock;
(3) Obtaining a space-time relation: and acquiring time-space relation data between the push mining progress of the working face of the underground coal seam and the development height of the three zones of the overlying strata by utilizing the development rule data of the three zones of the overlying strata during the mining of the coal seam, and taking the time-space relation data as a monitoring basis for underground safe mining.
In the embodiment, in the step a), the deformation data of the underground layer positions of the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 and the water flowing fractured zone exploration holes 3 are acquired through distributed optical fiber monitoring and the water flowing fractured zone exploration holes 3, and the deformation data of the underground layer positions comprise the development height of the water flowing fractured zone 5 in the monitored area and the deformation data of each preset underground layer position.
Referring to fig. 3, in the distributed optical fiber monitoring process, a vertical borehole is drilled on the ground surface of a monitoring area, and a distributed sensing optical cable 11 is arranged in the vertical borehole to serve as a distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1; and extracting displacement information of a preset underground position in the coal seam mining overburden layer by using the strain data in the distributed sensing optical cable 11. The distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 further comprises a monitoring station brick body 7, a distribution box 8, a stressed steel wire rope 9, a steel strand 10 and a counterweight guide head 12; the monitoring station brick body 7 is arranged at the upper part of the vertical drilled hole, and the distribution box 8 is arranged inside the observation station brick body of the observation station brick body; the upper end of the stressed steel wire rope 9 is connected with a distribution box 8, the upper end of the stressed steel wire rope 9 is connected with the distribution box 8, and the lower end of the stressed steel wire rope 9 is connected with a counterweight guide head 12 positioned in the vertical drill hole; one end of a distributed sensing optical cable 11 is electrically connected with the distribution box 8, and the other end of the distributed sensing optical cable 11 penetrates through the counterweight guide head 12 and is welded to form a loop; the upper end of the steel strand 10 is connected with a distribution box 8, the lower end of the steel strand 10 is connected with a counterweight guide head 12, and the steel strand 10 and the distributed sensing optical cable 11 are fastened through a binding belt; the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is further electrically connected with a fiber grating wireless demodulator, and the fiber grating wireless demodulator is used for demodulating the sensing signal of the distributed sensing optical cable 11.
Specifically, distributed optical fiber monitoring needs to be performed by setting a distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 and a ground surface mobile monitoring station 2 before a downhole working face is pushed to a monitoring area, and performing real-time monitoring on data of the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 and the ground surface mobile monitoring station 2. Meanwhile, the surface elevation of the area is continuously monitored by the aid of an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography surveying and mapping technology, the aerial survey precision of the unmanned aerial vehicle is improved through elevation correction of the surface mobile monitoring station 2, and dynamic monitoring is conducted on the surface subsidence range of coal seam mining in the monitoring area through calculation of elevation difference values.
And drilling on the ground surface in the monitored area according to the actual situation of the site, wherein the drilling position, the drilling process and the drilling depth are determined according to factors such as the coal seam burial depth, the mining mode, the lithology of overlying strata of the coal seam and the like in the monitored area. The specific steps of laying the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 are as follows:
a11 The model of the optical fiber sensor and the demodulation equipment is selected according to the drilling operation condition. The optical fiber sensor mainly comprises a metal-based cable-shaped optical cable, a common fixed-point optical cable, a mining fixed-point optical cable and the like, and a proper distributed sensing optical cable 11 can be selected in a combined mode according to actual conditions. The fiber grating wireless demodulator can realize strain demodulation of the distributed sensing optical cable 11, and can realize slope displacement information extraction by analyzing and processing strain data.
a13 Drop distributed sensing cable 11): the fixed distributed sensing optical cable 11, the steel strand 10, the stressed steel wire rope 9 and the counterweight guide head 12 are placed in a vertical drilling hole, and the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is brought to the deep part of the vertical drilling hole through lowering the drill rod; when the steel wire rope is lowered, only the stressed steel wire rope 9 and the steel stranded wire 10 can be tightened. After the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is placed at the bottom of the vertical drill hole, the stressed steel wire rope 9 is fixed, the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is tensioned and fixed, and the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is detected by using an instrument after the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is fixed.
a14 Sealing holes in a brick body 7 of a monitoring station: after the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is fixed and preliminarily detected, cement is injected immediately to seal holes, slow grouting is needed, and the influence on the distributed sensing optical cable 11 is reduced. And after grouting and hole sealing are stable, building a brick body 7 of the monitoring station at the drilling hole to form the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1. And the distributed sensing optical cable 11 and the fiber grating sensor lead wire and the like which are remained in the orifice are connected into the distribution box 8, and the distribution box 8 is built into the monitoring station brick body 7 for protection. The electric box 8 is a common electric box 8, preferably with a size of 600 x 800 x 200mm.
When the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 is laid, the overburden rock is initially measured, formal monitoring is started after the measurement is finished, when the working face is not mined to the position of the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1, the detection frequency is 2-3 times per week, when the working face is close to the position of the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1, the data acquisition frequency is encrypted to be 1 time per day until the deformation data of the distributed sensing optical cable 11 in the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 is stable and unchanged, the obtained deformation data is arranged and analyzed in combination with the stratum distribution characteristics in the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1, and a strain change curve of the distributed sensing optical cable 11 along with the coal seam mining and a change curve of the three-zone development height of the overburden rock along with the coal seam mining in the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 are obtained.
In this embodiment, while the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1 is arranged before coal seam mining, the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 is arranged according to the actual situation of the monitoring area, and the step of arranging the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 is as follows:
a21 Lay control points): and according to the surface topography analysis of the monitored area, determining control points of a plurality of observation lines outside the monitored area according to the existing permanent control points of the surface and connecting the control points with the observation lines.
a22 Lay observation line: the ground surface mobile monitoring station 2 in the monitoring area is arranged in a linear type and generally consists of two observation lines, one is along the coal seam pushing and mining direction, and the other is perpendicular to the coal seam pushing and mining direction. The ground surface mobile monitoring stations 2 are generally buried at equal intervals, and the density of the ground surface mobile monitoring stations 2 can be increased on the survey line layout if special areas exist.
a23 Buried surface mobile monitoring station 2: the ground surface mobile monitoring station 2 and the control point can adopt concrete to pour in situ, and can also embed a monitoring station of precast concrete, an iron rod with the length of 30cm and the diameter of 2cm is used as a mark in the middle of the ground surface mobile monitoring station 2, the top of the mark is processed into a sphere, a hole with the depth of 5mm and the diameter of 1-2 mm is drilled as a mark center of the ground surface mobile monitoring station 2, and in order to ensure the reliability of the observation point, protective measures are taken for the observation point to prevent the observation point from being damaged.
The plane position measurement of the overall observation in the mining process is carried out by adopting a GPS RTK technology, and the elevation is carried out by adopting a method of four equal geometric levels. And after each observation is finished, the observation result is checked, then the correction number and the adjustment number are calculated, the correctness of the observation result is ensured, and a sinking curve graph of the observation line is drawn according to the observation data.
Specifically, the GPS RTK technology is a short for real-time carrier phase estimation, and the principle is that one GPS receiver is used as a reference station, and other GPS receivers are placed on a carrier, and the reference station and a rover station of the GPS receive signals from satellites at the same time, wherein the reference station compares the obtained positioning data with known position information to obtain a differential correction value of the GPS positioning information, and transmits the differential value to the rover station to correct the measurement data of the rover station to obtain more accurate measurement data.
Specifically, the basic principle of leveling measurement is to utilize a horizontal sight line provided by a leveling instrument to read the degree of a leveling staff vertically standing at two points so as to determine the height difference between the two points, and thus the height of an unknown point is calculated from the height of a known point. The purpose of the four-equal geometric leveling is to directly provide a topographic map and elevation control points necessary for various engineering constructions. The technical requirements are that the visual distance can not exceed 100 m, the difference between the front and rear visual distances can not exceed 3 m, the accumulated visual distance difference can not exceed 10m, the reading of the red and black surfaces can not exceed 3 mm, and the difference between the height difference of the red and black surfaces can not exceed 5 mm. The steps of the four-equal geometric leveling are existing, and are described in GB T12898-2009 Specification for measuring the three and four-equal levels in China.
In the embodiment, in the step b), the ground surface deformation data of the monitoring area is periodically acquired through the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping and ground surface mobile monitoring station 2, wherein the ground surface deformation data comprises ground surface settlement, settlement range and ground crack development condition; and comparing the surface deformation data monitored in a plurality of preset periods to obtain the change process of the overburden three-belt dynamic area of the coal seam mining whole period.
In the aerial photography and mapping process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, in a monitoring area, ground image control points are arranged and measured, aerial photography operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle is designed, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires aerial survey information, an aerial survey image is processed in a later stage, aerial survey errors are corrected, and the earth surface settlement amount, the settlement range and the ground fissure development condition of the monitoring area are calculated. In the ground surface movement monitoring process, control points and observation points are distributed in a monitoring area, measurement is carried out by adopting a satellite positioning technology, data recorded by a satellite receiver is transmitted to a computer for processing, and a sinking curve graph of an observation line in the monitoring area is drawn by observation data to obtain ground surface deformation data with preset accuracy; and monitoring the plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate of the monitoring area by combining the monitoring result of aerial surveying and mapping of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Specifically, after the coal seam begins to be pushed and mined, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography measurement technology is used for regularly observing the surface deformation and the ground cracks of the monitored area according to the pushing and mining efficiency of the coal seam. The aerial photography flight platform selects a Dajiang eidolon 4RTK unmanned aerial vehicle, is provided with a high-precision differential GPS, can realize automatic storage of camera exposure time in the operation process, and has the optimal flight speed of 14m/s.
The steps of utilizing the Xinjiang spirit 4RTK unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out aerial photography measurement work are as follows:
b1 Arranging and measuring ground image control points, performing point measurement by using a D-RTK2 mobile station matched with the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the range and the geographic characteristics of a monitoring area, and acquiring accurate coordinates of the image control points;
b2 Unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography operation design, planning an unmanned aerial vehicle flight path, flight height and photography attitude which meet actual conditions according to the requirements of the topography and landform of a monitoring area, the upper and lower reference coordinates of a coal seam working surface and ground resolution;
b3 Aerial photography measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a designed aerial photography operation plan is guided into the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to finish remote sensing image acquisition on the ground surface of a monitored area according to a set air route, and after the aerial photography operation is finished, the acquired remote sensing image and coordinate data are led out;
b4 Aerial photography measurement data post-processing, namely importing a remote sensing image, coordinate data and image control point coordinates into professional remote sensing image processing software such as a Pix4Mapper and the like, and generating a monitoring area DOM (digital orthophoto map), a DSM (digital surface model) and a DTM (digital ground model) after image splicing, point cloud encryption and the like. According to the ground image control point measurement data, correcting coordinates and elevation data obtained by aerial photography measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
b5 And) calculating the settlement amount, comparing the DTM and the corrected surface elevation value with the pre-mining surface elevation value of the monitoring area, calculating the change value of the surface settlement amount before and after mining of the coal bed in the monitoring area, and generating an elevation change curve and a surface settlement map of the monitoring area.
Referring to fig. 4, after the coal seam working face is pushed, in order to accurately obtain the development height of the water-flowing fractured zone 5, the position of the water-flowing fractured zone exploration hole 3 is comprehensively determined in the monitoring area according to the terrain conditions, the construction conditions, the drilling protection requirements, the factors that do not influence the coal mine safety production and the like, and the construction process of the water-flowing fractured zone exploration hole 3 is as follows:
c1 Is drilled 10m into the bed rock 15 from the surface unconsolidated formation 14, a casing 13 is run in, and the water-sealing pipe is closed by cement in the whole section.
c2 To continue the drilling of clean water, when the drilling fluid is lost and the water level drops suddenly, the drilling fluid consumption is observed, and the three-dimensional drilling hole TV peeping work is carried out after the well is washed. And extracting the rock core by combining the actual drilling condition in the drilling process of the drill hole, and well performing rock core identification and maintenance work.
c3 The water level of the aquifer is observed and the position of the drill hole is combined to determine whether to seal the hole or to reserve the hole for long sight until the drill hole cannot be drilled in the drilling process.
And then accurately exploring the development height of the water flowing fractured zone 5 by integrating methods such as core identification, flushing fluid consumption, three-dimensional drilling television and the like through the water flowing fractured zone exploring hole 3.
In the embodiment, in the step (2), in the dynamic model building process, the surface subsidence map obtained by the aerial photography measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used as 'surface' data by using the surface deformation data and the underground layer deformation data obtained from the monitoring area; taking the elevation change curve of the monitoring area obtained by the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 as 'line' data; the change curve of a preset underground layer in a coal seam mining overburden stratum in a monitoring area, which is acquired by the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1, and the development height of a water diversion fractured zone 5 in the monitoring area, which is acquired by a water fracture zone 5 exploration hole, are used as point data. Constructing a dynamic model for developing the three zones of the coal seam mining overburden rock by analyzing a time-space change rule among point data, line data and face data; and finding out the coal seam working face push mining progress and the spatial and temporal evolution rule of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development by using the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development dynamic model.
Specifically, software for analyzing "point" data, "line" data, and "plane" data is available in the mapping field, such as the common geographic information systems MapGIS, arcGIS, etc., where the geographic information systems can provide functions of storing, displaying, and analyzing geographic data, can perform data input and editing, data management, data operation, and data display and output, and are important tools for acquiring, processing, managing, and analyzing geospatial data.
In summary, the present disclosure collects the deformation data of the subsurface stratum of the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 and the exploration hole through the distributed optical fiber monitoring and water-flowing fractured zone exploration hole 3, and the deformation data of the subsurface stratum includes the development height of the water-flowing fractured zone 5 in the monitoring area and the deformation data of each preset subsurface. In the distributed optical fiber monitoring process, a vertical drilling hole is drilled in the ground surface of a monitoring area, and a distributed sensing optical cable 11 is arranged in the vertical drilling hole to serve as a distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1; and extracting displacement information of a preset underground position in the coal seam mining overburden layer by using the strain data in the distributed sensing optical cable 11. In the exploration process of the water flowing fractured zone 5, the development height of the water flowing fractured zone 5 is explored through core identification, drilling flushing fluid consumption or a three-dimensional drilling television by adopting a ground drilling mode. Periodically acquiring ground surface deformation data of a monitoring area through unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping and ground surface mobile monitoring station 2, wherein the ground surface deformation data comprises ground surface settlement, settlement range and ground crack development conditions; and comparing the change process of the three-belt dynamic area of the overburden rock in the whole period of coal mining according to the ground surface deformation data monitored in a plurality of preset periods. In the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography surveying and mapping process, in a monitoring area, ground image control points are arranged and measured, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography operation is designed, an unmanned aerial vehicle acquires aerial survey information, an aerial survey image is processed in a later stage, aerial survey errors are corrected, and the earth surface settlement, the settlement range and the ground fissure development condition of the monitoring area are calculated. In the ground surface movement monitoring process, control points and observation points are distributed in a monitoring area, measurement is carried out by adopting a satellite positioning technology, data recorded by a satellite receiver is transmitted to a computer for processing, and a sinking curve graph of an observation line in the monitoring area is drawn by observation data to obtain ground surface deformation data with preset accuracy; and monitoring the plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate of the monitoring area by combining the monitoring result of the aerial photography mapping of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Taking a ground surface subsidence map obtained by aerial surveying of the unmanned aerial vehicle as 'surface' data by utilizing ground surface deformation data and underground stratum position deformation data obtained from a monitored area; taking the elevation change curve of the monitoring area obtained by the earth surface mobile monitoring station 2 as 'line' data; the change curve of a preset underground layer in a coal seam mining overburden stratum in a monitoring area, which is acquired by the distributed optical fiber monitoring station 1, and the development height of a water diversion fractured zone 5 in the monitoring area, which is acquired by a water fracture zone 5 exploration hole, are used as point data. Constructing a three-zone development dynamic model of the overlying strata in coal seam mining by analyzing a time-space change rule among point data, line data and face data; and (4) finding out the push mining progress of the underground coal seam working face and the spatial and temporal evolution rule of the development of the three zones of the coal seam mining overburden rock by utilizing the dynamic model for the development of the three zones of the coal seam mining overburden rock. The method integrates the technologies of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping, surface movement observation, water flowing fractured zone 5 detection and optical fiber monitoring, overcomes the technical defects of high engineering cost and complex implementation when the large-range monitoring density is high by using the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping, and can complete the monitoring of the area plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate with higher precision by combining the surface movement observation; meanwhile, the technical defect that the monitoring depth of an unmanned aerial photography surveying and mapping technology is limited is overcome by the aid of water flowing fractured zone 5 detection and a distributed optical fiber monitoring technology, three-dimensional overburden three-zone development monitoring combining point, line and surface is formed, the limitation problem of a traditional single monitoring method is solved, the spatial and temporal evolution rule of the overburden three-zone development in coal seam mining is further explored, the optimal exploration time of the overburden three-zone development height is provided, and underground safe mining is facilitated.
The disclosed embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like that may be made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone spatial and temporal evolution monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining model data, wherein the model data comprises deformation data of underground stratum and surface deformation data: the underground stratum position deformation data is obtained by continuously monitoring the underground of the monitoring area in a layering manner along the coal seam mining vertical direction; the earth surface deformation data are obtained by periodically carrying out regional measurement on the earth surface of the monitoring region along the coal seam mining direction;
constructing a three-zone development dynamic model of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the deformation data of the underground stratum and the surface deformation data, and acquiring three-zone development rule data of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the three-zone development dynamic model of the coal seam mining overburden rock;
and acquiring time-space relation data between the push mining progress of the underground coal seam working face and the development height of the three zones of the overlying strata by utilizing the development rule data of the three zones of the overlying strata during coal seam mining, and taking the time-space relation data as a monitoring basis for underground safe mining.
2. The method for monitoring spatiotemporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata for coal seam mining according to claim 1, wherein the deformation data of the underground layers of a ground surface mobile monitoring station and an exploration hole are acquired through distributed optical fiber monitoring and a water flowing fractured zone exploration hole, and the deformation data of the underground layers comprise the development height of the water flowing fractured zone in a monitored area and the deformation data of each preset underground layer.
3. The method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the overlying strata zone of the coal seam mining as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the distributed optical fiber monitoring process, a vertical borehole is drilled on the earth surface of the monitoring area, and a distributed sensing optical cable is arranged in the vertical borehole to serve as a distributed optical fiber monitoring station;
and extracting displacement information of a preset underground position in the coal seam mining overburden stratum by using the strain data in the distributed sensing optical cable.
4. The method for monitoring spatiotemporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata for coal seam mining according to claim 3, wherein the distributed optical fiber monitoring station further comprises a monitoring station brick body, a distribution box, a stressed steel wire rope, a steel strand and a counterweight guide head;
the monitoring station brick body is arranged at the upper part of the vertical drilling hole, and the distribution box is arranged inside the observation station brick body of the observation station brick body; the upper end of the stressed steel wire rope is connected with the distribution box, and the lower end of the stressed steel wire rope is connected with the counterweight guide head positioned in the vertical drill hole;
one end of the distributed sensing optical cable is electrically connected with the distribution box, and the other end of the distributed sensing optical cable penetrates through the counterweight guide head and is welded to form a loop;
the upper end of the steel strand is connected with the distribution box, the lower end of the steel strand is connected with the counterweight guide head, and the steel strand and the distributed sensing optical cable are fastened through a binding belt;
the distributed sensing optical cable is further electrically connected with a fiber grating wireless demodulator, and the fiber grating wireless demodulator is used for demodulating sensing signals of the distributed sensing optical cable.
5. The method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of the overlying strata three zones of the coal seam mining according to claim 2, wherein in the process of exploring the water flowing fractured zone, the development height of the water flowing fractured zone is explored in a ground drilling mode through core identification, drilling flushing fluid consumption or a three-dimensional drilling television.
6. The method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the overlying strata three zones of the coal seam mining according to claim 1, wherein the ground surface deformation data of a monitoring area are periodically collected through unmanned aerial vehicle aerial surveying and mapping and a ground surface mobile monitoring station, and the ground surface deformation data comprise ground surface settlement, settlement range and ground crack development conditions;
and comparing the surface deformation data monitored in a plurality of preset periods to obtain the change process of the overburden three-belt dynamic area of the coal seam mining whole period.
7. The method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of the overlying strata three zones of coal seam mining according to claim 6, wherein in the aerial surveying and mapping process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, in the monitoring area, ground surface image control points are arranged and measured, aerial photography operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle is designed, aerial survey information is collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, aerial survey images are processed in a later period, aerial survey errors are corrected, and the surface subsidence amount, the subsidence range and the ground fissure development condition of the monitoring area are calculated.
8. The method for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the overlying strata three zones of the coal seam mining according to claim 7, wherein in the process of moving and monitoring the ground surface, control points and observation points are distributed in a monitoring area, a satellite positioning technology is adopted for measurement, data recorded by a satellite receiver is transmitted to a computer for processing, and a sinking curve graph of an observation line in the monitoring area is drawn by the observation data to obtain the deformation data of the ground surface with preset accuracy;
and monitoring the plane subsidence range and the subsidence rate of the monitoring area by combining the monitoring result of aerial surveying and mapping of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
9. The method for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata during coal seam mining according to claim 8, wherein in the dynamic model building process, the surface subsidence map obtained by the aerial photogrammetry of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used as 'surface' data by utilizing the surface deformation data and the underground layer deformation data obtained from the monitored area;
taking a monitoring area elevation change curve acquired by a ground surface mobile monitoring station as 'line' data;
and taking the change curve of a preset underground layer in a coal seam mining overburden stratum in the monitoring area acquired by the distributed optical fiber monitoring station and the development height of a water-conducting fractured zone in the monitoring area acquired by the water fractured zone exploration hole as point data.
10. The method for monitoring spatiotemporal evolution of three zones of overlying strata during coal mining according to claim 9, wherein a dynamic model for developing the three zones of overlying strata during coal mining is constructed by analyzing the spatiotemporal change rule among point data, line data and surface data;
and finding out the coal seam working face push mining progress and the spatial and temporal evolution rule of the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development by using the coal seam mining overburden rock three-zone development dynamic model.
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| CN116147711A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-05-23 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing coal mine overburden stratum fracture space-time evolution law |
| CN116717312A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Real-time monitoring system based on weak fiber bragg grating overlying strata stable sinking time |
| CN116804361A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium for monitoring stratified temperature of overburden |
| CN117870608A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-04-12 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Stratum deformation early warning method and stratum deformation early warning system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116147711A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-05-23 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing coal mine overburden stratum fracture space-time evolution law |
| CN116717312A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Real-time monitoring system based on weak fiber bragg grating overlying strata stable sinking time |
| CN116717312B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-12-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Real-time monitoring system based on weak fiber bragg grating overlying strata stable sinking time |
| CN116804361A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium for monitoring stratified temperature of overburden |
| CN116804361B (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-12-12 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium for monitoring stratified temperature of overburden |
| CN117870608A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-04-12 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Stratum deformation early warning method and stratum deformation early warning system |
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