CN113267806B - Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source - Google Patents
Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-wave acquisition system and a comprehensive interpretation method of a TBM rock breaking noise source, wherein each three-component detector arranged on a horizontal survey line and a vertical survey line behind a tunnel face receives reflected waves, surface waves and surface wave signals of a side wall in front of the tunnel face; transmitting the reflected wave and surface wave signals collected by each three-component detector to a data display memory, preprocessing the data on the data display memory, obtaining a surface wave dispersion curve and a reflected wave seismic profile by a spatial autocorrelation and data coherence method, obtaining transverse wave velocity-depth curves of the front part of the tunnel face and the side wall based on the surface wave dispersion curve inversion, obtaining a longitudinal wave velocity curve, an offset profile and the like based on the reflected wave seismic profile, and carrying out geological comprehensive interpretation by synthesizing the surface wave forecast result and the reflected wave forecast result. The method and the device realize the high-precision and high-accuracy forecasting result under the condition of strong vibration interference of the TBM construction tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced geological forecast of TBM construction tunnels, in particular to a multi-wave acquisition system and an advanced detection method of a rock breaking noise source of a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine).
Background
The advanced geological forecast of the TBM tunnel is an effective method for knowing and mastering the development condition of unfavorable geology in front of a construction tunnel face in advance and avoiding serious accidents such as blockage, damage, scrapping and even casualties of the TBM caused by the TBM encountering the unfavorable geologic body.
As can be seen from the theory of noise detection, the signal of the surface wave in the noise source occupies about 70% of the energy. At present, the TBM noise source detection technology at home and abroad still uses the traditional active source elastic wave reflection method (body wave information) to detect and identify geological anomalous bodies in front of tunnels. Under the conditions of complex interference signals and strong energy, the extraction of body wave signals is very unfavorable, and the strong energy advantage of surface wave signals is easier to identify and extract. Compared with reflected waves, the resolution ratio of the surface waves is higher and is not limited by the fact that the detection target body is larger than one-quarter wavelength of seismic waves, and therefore the identification capability of the small-scale poor geologic body can be improved by adopting the surface wave method. In addition, by means of transverse wave speed and thickness parameters of surface wave inversion and reflected wave information, comprehensive advanced geological prediction can be developed, uncertainty of a prediction result is improved, and accuracy of prediction is improved.
In summary, the prior advanced detection method for the rock breaking noise source of the cutter head of the TBM still faces the following problems: 1. the TBM tunnel has a narrow observation space, and what kind of observation system is adopted to realize the surface wave and reflected wave signal acquisition of the geological information in front of the tunnel face in the limited observation space; 2. the TBM construction tunnel has strong vibration interference, the precision and accuracy of a single reflected wave forecasting result are seriously influenced, and how to improve the precision and accuracy of the forecasting result needs to be deeply researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-wave acquisition system and an advanced detection method for a rock breaking noise source of a TBM cutter head, which solve the problem that a face wave signal in front of a tunnel face cannot be received when the TBM cutter head breaks rock, and realize a high-accuracy prediction problem under the condition of strong vibration interference of a TBM construction tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs a multi-wave acquisition system of a TBM cutter head rock-breaking noise source, which is characterized by comprising a horizontal measuring line, a vertical measuring line, a TBM cutter head and a data display memory, wherein the horizontal measuring line is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors which are sequentially arranged in a side wall of a tunnel along the axis of the tunnel, the vertical measuring line is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors which are sequentially arranged in the side wall of the tunnel along the radial direction of the tunnel, and the TBM cutter head is used for exciting seismic wave signals by cutting a tunnel face rock mass;
each three-component detector in the horizontal survey line is used for receiving a wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a wave signal in the direction of a tunnel side wall in the seismic wave signals, and all three-component detectors in the horizontal survey line are used for transmitting the distributed wave signal in front of the tunnel face and the wave signal in the direction of the tunnel side wall received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory;
and all the three-component detectors in the vertical survey line are used for transmitting the distributed palm front reflected wave signals and the palm front aspect wave signals received by the vertical survey line to the data display memory.
A multi-wave advanced detection method using the acquisition system comprises the following steps:
step 1: breaking rock by a TBM cutter head to excite seismic wave signals;
and 2, step: each three-component detector in the horizontal survey line receives a tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal in the seismic wave signal, and all the three-component detectors in the horizontal survey line transmit the distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and the tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory;
each three-component geophone in the vertical survey line receives reflected wave signals in front of the tunnel face and surface wave signals in front of the tunnel face in the seismic wave signals, and all three-component geophones in the vertical survey line transmit distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and tunnel face front wave signals received by the vertical survey line to the data display memory;
and 3, step 3: respectively and sequentially carrying out signal preprocessing for removing instrument response, filtering and normalization on a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction face wave signal received by a horizontal measuring line and a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front face wave signal received by a vertical measuring line, thereby eliminating the error influence of a three-component detector, eliminating interference signals in the reflected wave signal and the face wave signal and eliminating instantaneous interference signals;
and 4, step 4: carrying out data segmentation on a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by a horizontal survey line after signal preprocessing and a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front surface direction surface wave signal received by a vertical survey line at equal time intervals, then carrying out auto-correlation and cross-correlation processing on segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector in the horizontal survey line according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector in the horizontal survey line, and superposing the segmented data of different three-component detectors in the horizontal survey line at the same time period after the auto-correlation and cross-correlation processing to form a horizontal survey line spatial auto-correlation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile;
carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on the segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector in the vertical measuring line according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector in the vertical measuring line, and stacking the segmented data of different three-component detectors in the vertical measuring line in the same time period after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing to form a vertical measuring line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile;
and 5: fitting a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, fitting a vertical survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, performing two-norm fitting on a preset theoretical frequency dispersion curve, the horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve and the vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, and performing inversion to obtain a transverse wave velocity and depth profile when a fitting error reaches a preset precision; and (4) performing seismic data processing on the horizontal survey line and the vertical survey line reflection seismic section to obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and migration section.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on a TBM cutter rock-breaking noise source reflected wave forecasting method, the invention utilizes the advantages of large energy ratio of surface waves in noise source signals, easy realization and the like, utilizes a seismic source signal generated in the TBM cutter rock-breaking process, adopts a three-component detector and an L-shaped arrangement observation mode, receives reflected wave information and surface wave information from the front of a tunnel face, extracts a surface wave frequency dispersion curve and a seismic record by carrying out correlation and coherence processing on the noise source signal, and infers the geological condition in the front of the tunnel face according to a transverse wave speed-depth profile obtained by inverting the surface wave frequency dispersion curve and a transverse wave speed curve, an offset profile and the like obtained by reflected waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a TBM cutterhead rock breaking seismic source and a receiving detector.
The system comprises a horizontal measuring line 1, a vertical measuring line 2, a data acquisition instrument 3, a three-component detector 4, a TBM cutter head 5 and a data display memory 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the system for collecting multiple waves of a TBM rock breaking noise source is characterized by comprising a horizontal survey line 1, a vertical survey line 2, a TBM cutter head 5 and a data display memory 6, wherein the horizontal survey line 1 is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors 4 sequentially arranged in a tunnel side wall along a tunnel axis, the vertical survey line 2 is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors 4 sequentially arranged in the tunnel side wall along a tunnel radial direction, and the TBM cutter head 5 is used for cutting a tunnel face rock mass to excite seismic wave signals;
each three-component wave detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 is used for receiving a wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a wave signal in the side wall direction of a tunnel in seismic signals, and all the three-component wave detectors 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 are used for transmitting the distributed wave signal in front of the tunnel face and the wave signal in the side wall direction of the tunnel received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory 6 through the data acquisition instrument 3;
each three-component geophone 4 in the vertical survey line 2 is used for receiving reflected wave signals in front of the tunnel face and surface wave signals in front of the tunnel face in the seismic wave signals, and all three-component geophones 4 in the vertical survey line 2 are used for transmitting distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and tunnel face front surface wave signals received by the vertical survey line to the data display memory 6.
In the above technical solution, signal preprocessing for removing instrument response, filtering and normalization is sequentially performed on the distributed face front reflected wave signal and the tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by the horizontal survey line in the data display memory 6, and the distributed face front reflected wave signal and the face front surface wave signal received by the vertical survey line, respectively, so as to eliminate the error influence of the three-component wave detector 4 itself, eliminate the high-frequency interference signal in the reflected wave signal and the surface wave signal, and eliminate the instantaneous interference signal.
In the above technical solution, data division is performed on a distributed palm surface front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by a horizontal survey line after signal preprocessing in a data display memory 6, and a distributed palm surface front reflected wave signal and a palm surface front surface wave signal received by a vertical survey line at equal time intervals, then autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing are performed on the divided data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1, and the divided data of different three-component detectors 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 at the same time period are overlapped after autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing to form a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile.
And carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on the segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector 4 in the vertical measuring line 2 according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector 4 in the vertical measuring line 2, and after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing, overlapping the segmented data of different three-component detectors 4 in the vertical measuring line 2 in the same time period to form a vertical measuring line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile.
In the technical scheme, the three-component detector 4 is installed in a side wall of a tunnel, and the longitudinal probe, the transverse probe and the vertical probe of the three-component detector 4 are installed in drilled holes drilled in the side wall, the bottom or the vault of the tunnel. The longitudinal probe (X-axis direction) faces the front of the face, the transverse probe (Y-axis direction) is perpendicular to the side wall, the vertical probe (Z-axis direction) faces the bottom of the tunnel, and the X-component orientation is the key for ensuring the collection of wave data in the front of the face. The method is characterized in that the directionality of a three-component detector is very critical, the type of seismic waves excited by rock breaking of a TBM cutter head is also very critical, the stress distribution is realized when the TBM cutter head breaks rock, each cutter head can generate axial force perpendicular to the front of a tunnel face and tangential force parallel to the tunnel face, the axial force ensures that the cutter head moves forwards, the tangential force ensures that a rock body is cut, the axial force can excite longitudinal waves and SV transverse waves, the tangential force can excite SH transverse waves, and a plurality of free interfaces of a tunnel space provide necessary conditions for the generation of surface waves.
In the technical scheme, the transverse probe, the longitudinal probe and the vertical probe are coupled in the drilled surrounding rock by using butter or stemming.
The distances between two adjacent three-component detectors 4 in the horizontal measuring line 1 are equal, and the distance range is 1.5-2 m.
The distances between two adjacent three-component detectors 4 in the vertical measuring line 2 are equal, and the range of the distances is 0.5-1.0 m.
In the above technical scheme, the horizontal measuring line 1 and the vertical measuring line 2 form an L-shaped observation system, and the horizontal measuring line 1 and the vertical measuring line 2 share 1 three-component detector 4 at the intersection. The horizontal line 1 comprises 24 three-component detectors and the vertical line 2 comprises 12 three-component detectors. The spacing between two adjacent three-component detectors 4 in the horizontal line 1 is preferably 2m. Meanwhile, considering that the noise source data only inverts the average effect of the geological conditions right below the corresponding measuring line, for this reason, 12 detectors are arranged on the vertical measuring line 2 so as to better receive the face wave signal of the noise source in front of the tunnel face, considering that the distance in the vertical direction is limited, and the distance between two adjacent three-component detectors 4 in the vertical measuring line 2 is preferably 0.5m. It should be noted that the detectors arranged in the vertical survey line direction should be arranged such that the X component of the three-component detector is directly opposite to the front of the tunnel face for receiving the surface wave information from the front of the tunnel face.
In the technical scheme, the three-component detector 4 with low frequency of 4Hz or 2Hz inherent frequency is selected according to the frequency characteristic of the face wave, the three-component detector 4 has a timing function, so that TBM rock breaking noise signals can be synchronously collected when subsequent collection is facilitated, and the detector has directivity which is used for receiving face wave signals in front of the face;
a multi-wave advanced detection method using the acquisition system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the TBM cutter head 5 breaks rocks to excite seismic wave signals;
step 2: each three-component wave detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 receives a wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a wave signal in the direction of a tunnel side wall in the seismic wave signals, and all the three-component wave detectors 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 transmit distributed wave signals in front of the tunnel face and wave signals in the direction of the tunnel side wall received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory 6;
each three-component wave detector 4 in the vertical survey line 2 receives reflected wave signals in front of the tunnel face and surface wave signals in front of the tunnel face in the seismic wave signals, and all the three-component wave detectors 4 in the vertical survey line 2 transmit distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and tunnel face front side wave signals received by the vertical survey line to the data display memory 6;
and step 3: signal preprocessing for removing instrument response, filtering and normalization is respectively and sequentially performed on a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction face wave signal received by a horizontal survey line, and a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front face wave signal received by a vertical survey line, so that the error influence of a three-component wave detector 4 is eliminated, high-frequency interference signals in the reflected wave signals and the face wave signals are eliminated, and instantaneous interference signals are eliminated (the time division length is required to take the integrity and the superposition times of face wave information into consideration, time domain normalization is used for eliminating instantaneous signal interference, frequency domain normalization ensures that a frequency spectrum curve is more uniform, and filtering is used for eliminating high-frequency interference of certain burst time), the method is detailed in reference documents: references Shao Anzhou, yue Liang, li Yuanlin, etc. quality control method for passive source rayleigh wave two-pass extraction of dispersion curves [ J ] geophysical prospecting and chemical prospecting, 2019, 43 (6): 1297-1308;
and 4, step 4: performing data segmentation on a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by a horizontal survey line after signal preprocessing and a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front surface direction surface wave signal received by a vertical survey line at equal time intervals, then performing autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector 4 in the horizontal survey line 1, and after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing, overlapping the segmented data of different three-component detectors 4 in the horizontal survey line 1 at the same time period to form a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile (the horizontal survey line is mainly used for extracting reflected wave information);
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector 4 in a vertical measuring line 2 according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector 4 in the vertical measuring line 2, and after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing, overlapping the segmented data of different three-component detectors 4 in the vertical measuring line 2 in the same time period to form a vertical measuring line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic section (the vertical measuring line is mainly used for extracting surface waves), wherein the autocorrelation calculation process is detailed in a reference document: references Shao Anzhou, yue Liang, li Yuanlin, etc. quality control method for passive source rayleigh wave two-pass extraction of dispersion curves [ J ] geophysical prospecting and chemical prospecting, 2019, 43 (6): 1297-1308; bin Liu, lei Chen, shucai Li. Et al, three-Dimensional semiconductor Ahead-projecting Method and Application in TBM Tunneling [ J ]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2017,143 (12): 1-13.
And 5: fitting a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, fitting a vertical survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, performing two-norm fitting on a preset theoretical frequency dispersion curve, the horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve and the vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, and performing inversion to obtain a transverse wave velocity and depth profile when a fitting error reaches a preset precision; and (3) carrying out seismic data processing on the horizontal survey line and the vertical survey line reflection seismic section to obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and migration section, wherein the reference documents are as follows: liu Qinghua, lu Laiyu, he Zhengqin, et al, seismic pulse space autocorrelation method inversion shallow S-wave velocity structure [ J ]. Seismology, 2016,38 (1): 86-95; xu Peifen, du Yanan, lingqun, etc. micro-motion multi-order Rayleigh wave SPAC coefficient inversion method and application research, geophysical science, 2020,63 (10): 3857-3867;
in step 5 of the above technical scheme, a comprehensive geological explanation is carried out on the geological condition in front of the tunnel face according to the transverse wave velocity, the depth profile map, the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity and the offset profile.
In the technical scheme, a shear wave velocity and depth model is estimated according to the extracted dispersion curve, and the shear wave velocity and depth model is brought into a forward modeling program to obtain a theoretical dispersion curve.
The surface waves comprise Rayleigh waves and Love waves, each wave has multiple modes, such as a fundamental mode, a first-order high-order mode, a second-order high-order mode and the like, and Rayleigh waves and Love wave frequency dispersion curves are extracted simultaneously. The TBM noise source data multi-order mode extraction mode usually adopts an SPAC method, a frequency Bessel method and the like, the dispersion curve extraction process is that under a given certain frequency, the corresponding phase velocity for obtaining the maximum energy value is the real phase velocity of the surface wave, and when a certain frequency corresponds to a plurality of phase velocity extreme values, a surface wave multi-mode dispersion curve is obtained;
in step 5 of the above technical solution, the geological condition in front of the face is explained according to the shear wave velocity, the depth profile, the longitudinal wave velocity and the shear profile, the shear wave velocity corresponding to the position of the face is taken as a reference, when the shear wave velocity in front of the face is lower than the face, it is inferred that the integrity of the rock mass relative to the face is poor, and when the shear wave velocity is higher than the shear wave velocity at the face, it is inferred that the integrity of the rock mass relative to the face is good, wherein the depth is used for determining the position of the geological body.
And performing inversion on the dispersion curve, determining an initial model according to the geological data in the previous stage by combining the wavelength and depth relation of the dispersion curve, performing inversion by adopting a nonlinear heuristic intelligent algorithm, and deducing the development condition of the geological structure in front of the tunnel face according to the inverted transverse wave speed and depth curve. The comprehensive advanced geological forecast utilizes a surface wave inversion result and combines a forecast result of a traditional reflected wave to comprehensively analyze a geological structure in front of a tunnel face so as to obtain a final forecast result.
The comprehensive multi-wave forecast is used for comprehensively explaining results obtained by reflected waves and surface waves, so that the influence of strong and complex interference signals of TBM is reduced, and the accuracy of forecast results is improved.
The method breaks through the limitation of the traditional TBM cutter head rock breaking noise advanced detection, not only solves the problem that the traditional observation mode cannot receive wave information in front of the tunnel face, but also solves the problem that the single reflected wave forecast result is high in uncertainty, and the accuracy and precision of the tunnel advanced geological forecast result can be improved by the comprehensive surface wave and reflected wave forecast result.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Claims (9)
1. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source is characterized by comprising a horizontal measuring line (1), a vertical measuring line (2), a TBM cutter head (5) and a data display memory (6), wherein the horizontal measuring line (1) is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors (4) which are sequentially arranged in a tunnel side wall along a tunnel axis, the vertical measuring line (2) is composed of a plurality of three-component detectors (4) which are sequentially arranged in the tunnel side wall along a tunnel radial direction, and the TBM cutter head (5) is used for cutting a tunnel face rock body to excite seismic wave signals;
each three-component geophone (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) is used for receiving a wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a wave signal in the direction of a tunnel side wall in the seismic wave signals, and all the three-component geophones (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) are used for transmitting the distributed wave signal in front of the tunnel face and the wave signal in the direction of the tunnel side wall received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory (6);
each three-component geophone (4) in the vertical survey line (2) is used for receiving reflected wave signals in front of the tunnel face and surface wave signals in front of the tunnel face in the seismic wave signals, and all the three-component geophones (4) in the vertical survey line (2) are used for transmitting distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and tunnel face front surface wave signals received by the vertical survey line to the data display memory (6);
the three-component detector (4) is arranged in a side wall of a tunnel, a longitudinal probe, a transverse probe and a vertical probe of the three-component detector (4) are arranged in drilled holes drilled in the side wall, the bottom or the vault of the tunnel, the longitudinal probe faces to the front of a tunnel face, the transverse probe is perpendicular to the side wall, and the vertical probe faces to the bottom of the tunnel;
performing data segmentation on a distributed tunnel face front reflection wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by a horizontal survey line after signal preprocessing in the data display memory (6) and a distributed tunnel face front reflection wave signal and a tunnel face front surface wave signal received by a vertical survey line according to equal time intervals, then performing auto-correlation and cross-correlation processing on segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector (4) in the horizontal survey line (1), and overlapping the segmented data of different three-component detectors (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) in the same time period after the auto-correlation and cross-correlation processing to form a horizontal survey line space auto-correlation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile;
and carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on the segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector (4) in the vertical measuring line (2) according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector (4) in the vertical measuring line (2), and superposing the segmented data of different three-component detectors (4) in the vertical measuring line (2) in the same time period after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing to form a vertical measuring line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile.
2. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 1, characterized in that: and respectively and sequentially carrying out signal preprocessing for removing instrument response, filtering and normalization on the distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and the tunnel side wall direction surface wave signals received by the horizontal measuring line in the data display memory (6) and the distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signals and the tunnel face front surface wave signals received by the vertical measuring line, thereby eliminating the error influence of the three-component detector (4), eliminating the interference signals in the reflected wave signals and the surface wave signals and eliminating the instantaneous interference signals.
3. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three-component detector (4) is arranged in a side wall of the tunnel, and a transverse probe, a longitudinal probe and a vertical probe of the three-component detector (4) are arranged in drilled holes drilled in the side wall, the bottom or the vault of the tunnel.
4. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 3, characterized in that: the longitudinal probe, the transverse probe and the vertical probe are coupled in the drilled surrounding rock by using butter or stemming.
5. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distances between two adjacent three-component detectors (4) in the horizontal measuring line (1) are equal, and the distance range is 1.5-2 m.
6. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distances between two adjacent three-component detectors (4) in the vertical measuring line (2) are equal, and the distance range is 0.5-1.0 m.
7. The multi-wave acquisition system of the TBM cutterhead rock breaking noise source according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal measuring line (1) and the vertical measuring line (2) form an L-shaped observation system, and the horizontal measuring line (1) and the vertical measuring line (2) share 1 three-component detector (4) at the intersection.
8. A multi-wave advanced detection method using the acquisition system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the TBM cutterhead (5) breaks rocks and excites seismic wave signals;
step 2: each three-component geophone (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) receives a wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a wave signal in the direction of a tunnel side wall in seismic signals, and all the three-component geophones (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) transmit the distributed wave signals in front of the tunnel face and the wave signals in the direction of the tunnel side wall received by the horizontal survey line to the data display memory (6);
each three-component wave detector (4) in the vertical survey line (2) receives a reflected wave signal in front of a tunnel face and a surface wave signal in front of the tunnel face in seismic wave signals, and all the three-component wave detectors (4) in the vertical survey line (2) transmit a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front surface wave signal which are received by the vertical survey line to a data display memory (6);
and step 3: respectively and sequentially carrying out signal preprocessing for removing instrument response, filtering and normalization on the distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and the tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by the horizontal measuring line and the distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and the tunnel face front surface wave signal received by the vertical measuring line, thereby eliminating the error influence of the three-component wave detector (4), eliminating interference signals in the reflected wave signal and the surface wave signal and eliminating instantaneous interference signals;
and 4, step 4: carrying out data segmentation on a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel side wall direction surface wave signal received by a horizontal survey line after signal preprocessing and a distributed tunnel face front reflected wave signal and a tunnel face front surface direction surface wave signal received by a vertical survey line according to equal time intervals, then carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector (4) in the horizontal survey line (1), and overlapping segmented data of different three-component detectors (4) in the horizontal survey line (1) in the same time period after autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing to form a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile;
carrying out autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing on the segmented data of the same time period corresponding to each three-component detector (4) in the vertical measuring line (2) according to the arrangement sequence of each three-component detector (4) in the vertical measuring line (2), and superposing the segmented data of different three-component detectors (4) in the vertical measuring line (2) in the same time period after the autocorrelation and cross-correlation processing to form a vertical measuring line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a reflection seismic profile;
and 5: fitting a horizontal survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, fitting a vertical survey line spatial autocorrelation coefficient and a frequency Bessel function to obtain a corresponding vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, performing two-norm fitting on a preset theoretical frequency dispersion curve, the horizontal survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve and the vertical survey line surface wave frequency dispersion curve, and performing inversion to obtain a transverse wave velocity and depth profile when a fitting error reaches a preset precision; and (4) performing seismic data processing on the horizontal survey line and the vertical survey line reflection seismic section to obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and migration section.
9. The multi-wave advanced detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 5, according to the transverse wave velocity, the depth profile map, the transverse wave velocity and the offset profile, comprehensive geological explanation is carried out on the geological condition in front of the tunnel face.
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