CN111722279B - TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device and method based on ground-tunnel combination - Google Patents
TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device and method based on ground-tunnel combination Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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Abstract
The invention provides a TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device and method based on ground-tunnel combination, which utilize cutter head rock breaking vibration as a seismic source in the working process of a heading machine, rock breaking vibration signals are received and stored by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array arranged behind the cutter head, excited seismic waves are received and stored by a tunnel receiving station array and an earth surface receiving station array after being reflected by a wave impedance interface, noise signals generated by the heading machine and an earth surface noise source are received and stored by a noise receiving station, the signals are transmitted to the seismic wave data processing instrument in time for processing in time, the advantages that the tunnel receiving station array is sensitive to seismic wave information in the horizontal direction and the earth surface receiving station array is sensitive to seismic wave information in the elevation direction are fully utilized, and finally seismic sections of rock masses in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel can be obtained more accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection, and relates to a TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device and method based on ground-tunnel combination.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Compared with the traditional drilling and blasting method, the construction of the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) has the obvious advantages of high mechanization degree, high construction speed and the like, and the Tunnel Boring Machine is more and more widely applied along with the continuous development of Tunnel engineering in China. However, the tunnel boring machine has poor adaptability to geological condition changes, and once the tunnel boring machine is improperly disposed when encountering a bad geological section, disasters such as water burst, mud burst, collapse and the like are easy to occur, so that serious accidents such as blocking, even machine damage and personal death are caused. In order to avoid the occurrence of disaster accidents in the construction process of the tunnel boring machine, the method adopts the advanced geological forecast technology to find out the unfavorable geological condition in front of the tunnel face in advance and make a reasonable treatment plan and a construction scheme in time, and is an effective solution at present.
In recent years, geophysical advance forecasting methods are more and more widely applied to TBM construction tunnels, wherein the seismic wave method is one of the most widely applied advance forecasting methods for TBM construction tunnels due to the advantages of high interface imaging precision, long detection distance and the like. According to different selected seismic source forms, the TBM construction tunnel seismic wave advanced detection method can be roughly divided into two forms of an artificial seismic source and a TBM rock breaking seismic source, the TBM rock breaking seismic source uses the noise of TBM rock breaking vibration as a source to carry out advanced prediction, excavation changing and edge detection can be carried out along with TBM tunneling, and the TBM construction tunnel seismic wave advanced detection method is more suitable for the rapid and compact construction rhythm of the TBM. However, for the in-hole seismic wave advanced detection, the observation space available for the TBM tunnel is narrow, especially in the small diameter TBM (4m-6m) tunnel, this problem is more serious, which results in the earthquake advanced prediction observation mode of the TBM tunnel: firstly, the offset distance in the transverse direction (vertical to the tunnel excavation direction) is insufficient, and a measuring line is almost arranged in a one-dimensional manner along the tunnel excavation direction; secondly, the arrangement space of the detectors is limited, and the number of the detectors which can be arranged is small, so that the seismic data obtained by observation is small. In this case, although the front anomaly can be recognized, it is not preferable to obtain a wave velocity distribution, and the effect of positioning the front anomaly on the tunnel face is impaired. This has become an inherent problem of the tunnel-in-hole seismic advanced geological prediction method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device and method based on ground-tunnel combination.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection method based on ground-tunnel combination utilizes TBM rock breaking vibration as a seismic source, receives signals of seismic waves reflected by wave impedance interfaces in the ground surface and a tunnel respectively, and performs combination processing to image unfavorable geology in front of a tunnel face.
As an alternative embodiment, the process of the combined treatment comprises:
performing effective signal extraction of ground-tunnel combined detection data;
performing joint inversion on the signals to obtain a speed model in front of the working face of the tunnel boring machine;
and obtaining the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by utilizing the velocity model obtained by joint inversion, adopting reverse time migration imaging and cross-correlation imaging conditions.
A TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on earth-tunnel combination comprises a rock breaking source pilot receiving station array, a tunnel receiving station array, an earth surface receiving station array, a noise receiving station and a seismic wave data processing instrument;
the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array is arranged behind a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine body and used for receiving vibration generated when the cutter head rotates to cut rocks;
the tunnel receiving station array is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body and used for receiving and storing seismic signals reflected to a tunnel wall after encountering a poor geologic body when the rock breaking vibration of the cutterhead is transmitted in the stratum;
the noise receiving station is used for receiving and storing noise signals generated by all the noise sources;
the earth surface receiving station array is arranged on the earth surface in front of the tunnel working surface and used for receiving and storing seismic signals which are reflected and transmitted to the earth surface after encountering a poor geologic body when the rock breaking vibration of the cutterhead is transmitted in the stratum;
and the data of each receiving station array is transmitted to a seismic wave data processing instrument, and the seismic wave data processing instrument is configured to carry out combined processing on the rock breaking vibration and noise information acquired by the tunnel and the earth surface to obtain seismic sections of the front area and the surrounding area of the tunnel.
It is noted that in the art, each array of receiving stations includes several columns of receiving stations, including the case where there is only one column of receiving stations.
As an alternative embodiment, the rock breaking source pilot receiving station specifically comprises the rock breaking source pilot receiving station and a supporting plate, and the rock breaking source pilot receiving station is fixed on a shield behind a cutter head through the supporting plate.
In an alternative embodiment, the rock breaking source pilot receiving station array at least comprises two three-component receiving stations which are respectively arranged on two sides of the cutterhead.
As optional embodiment, the tunnel receiving station array comprises a plurality of tunnel receiving stations, the tunnel receiving stations are sequentially fixed in the middle of the tunneling machine body, each tunnel receiving station comprises a three-component receiving station, a telescopic supporting rod, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a transmission shaft, an oil cylinder supporting frame and a receiving station supporting frame, the three-component receiving stations are installed at one end of the telescopic supporting rod, the other end of the telescopic supporting rod is rotatably fixed on the tunneling machine through the receiving station supporting frames, the telescopic supporting rod is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder through the transmission shaft, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the tunneling machine body through the oil cylinder supporting frame.
In an alternative embodiment, the array of tunnel receiving stations comprises two sets of tunnel receiving stations respectively located at two sides of the heading machine, each set of tunnel receiving stations is at a certain distance from the tunnel face, and a certain distance is formed between the two sets of tunnel receiving stations.
As an alternative embodiment, the ground surface receiving station array comprises a plurality of receiving stations which are distributed on the traveling route of the tunneling machine body in sequence.
As an alternative embodiment, the noise receiving station includes a plurality of noise receiving stations respectively disposed at the noise source of the tunnel boring machine body and the ground noise source for receiving and storing the noise signals generated by the respective noise sources.
As an alternative, each receiving station has an automatic positioning system.
As an alternative embodiment, each receiving station is provided with a built-in battery, so that long-time acquisition can be realized.
As an alternative embodiment, each tunnel receiving station is provided with an image recognition system for automatically recognizing the surrounding rock fractures.
The working method based on the device comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out rapid arrangement of a detection observation mode of a ground-tunnel combined TBM rock breaking seismic source;
(2) when the heading machine works, collecting and storing signals by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array, a tunnel receiving station array, an earth surface receiving station array and a noise receiving station, and when data collection is finished, importing the collected data into a seismic wave data processor;
(3) the seismic wave data processor performs combined automatic processing on the information acquired by the tunnel and the earth surface to obtain a velocity model and a seismic profile of the area in front of and around the tunnel;
(4) when the excavator is excavated to enter the next cycle, the array of the tunnel receiving station is recovered to the initial state, the array of the earth surface receiving station is reserved, and when the excavator works again, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) and according to the obtained speed model and the seismic section and by combining the spatial distribution condition of the excavated rock strength index, the geological conditions of the rock mass in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel are obtained, and the advance prediction of the geological abnormal body is realized.
In an alternative embodiment, in step (1), the detection is not performed, the detection is in an initial state, the retractable support rods of the tunnel receiving station array are in a retracted state, and the tunnel receiving station is rotated to the end far away from the tunnel surrounding rock.
As an alternative embodiment, in the step (1), before detection, the hydraulic cylinder provides power through the transmission shaft, so that the tunnel receiving station rotates to a position close to one end of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the telescopic support rod extends at a position where a crack of the surrounding rock does not develop, so that the three-component receiving station is in close contact with the surrounding rock.
In an alternative embodiment, in the step (1), before the detection, the ground surface receiving station arrays are arranged on the ground surface in front of the working surface of the heading machine, and the ground surface receiving station arrays are rapidly arranged at a certain track pitch.
As an alternative embodiment, in the step (1), the observation mode is rapidly arranged when the heading machine stops working, or the observation mode is rapidly arranged when the heading machine works.
As an alternative embodiment, in the step (2), when a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine rotates to cut rocks to generate vibration, the rock breaking vibration of the cutter head is received by a rock breaking source pilot receiving station installed behind the cutter head, a rock breaking source simultaneously excites seismic waves to diffuse in front of a working face of the tunnel boring machine and around the tunnel, the seismic waves are reflected after encountering a wave impedance interface and are received by a tunnel receiving station and an earth surface receiving station which are in close contact with a tunnel wall, meanwhile, each noise receiving station continuously records noise signals generated by a noise source, and the rock breaking source pilot receiving station array, the tunnel receiving station array, the earth surface receiving station array and the noise receiving station automatically store the received seismic signals.
As an alternative embodiment, in step (3), the seismic recording joint processing method includes:
(3-1) preprocessing a received signal; instrument noise in signals received by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station, a tunnel receiving station, an earth surface receiving station and a noise receiving station is removed by a band-pass filtering method;
(3-2) denoising fixed point noise of the received signal: combining the signals received by the noise receiving station, and attenuating strong interference noise in the seismic signals received by the tunnel receiving station and the earth surface receiving station by using a spectral subtraction method to separate and obtain effective seismic signals;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a pure seismic signal power spectrum, E [ | N (omega) & gtdoes]For mathematical expectation of noise power spectrum, | Y (ω) emitting2Is the power spectrum of the original noise-containing seismic signal.
(3-3) rock breaking signal interference: performing cross correlation and deconvolution processing on the seismic source signal and the received signal subjected to denoising processing, and compressing the rock breaking vibration signal into an equivalent pulse signal to realize the interference of an unconventional rock breaking seismic source and realize the conversion from the seismic record of the unconventional rock breaking seismic source to the seismic record of the conventional seismic source;
(3-4) observation system import and first arrival pickup: relative coordinates of the rock breaking seismic source receiving station array, the receiving station array in the tunnel and the earth surface receiving station array are led in, receiving time of the first arrival waves in each tunnel and the earth surface in the seismic records is picked up by using an automatic first arrival picking method, and wave velocity is calculated by using relative distance and the arrival time of the first arrival waves;
(3-5) spectrum analysis and band-pass filtering: transforming the seismic records of the time domain into the frequency domain through Fourier transform, removing noise signals of different frequency bands through band-pass filtering, reserving the frequency band of effective reflected waves, and finally transforming the seismic records of the frequency domain into the time domain through Fourier inverse transform;
(3-6) gather equalization: the method specifically comprises intra-channel equalization and inter-channel equalization;
(3-7) effective reflected wave extraction and vertical and horizontal wave separation: adopting f-k and tau-P combined filtering to suppress interference waves and invalid reflected waves behind the working surface of the heading machine, simultaneously cutting direct waves, only keeping the valid reflected waves from the front and the side of the working surface of the heading machine and automatically extracting, and separating P waves, SH waves and SV waves in three-component seismic records in an f-k domain or a tau-P domain;
(3-8) full waveform joint inversion: importing the denoised ground-tunnel joint detection data to carry out joint inversion, and obtaining a speed model in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by adopting a frequency domain full waveform inversion method;
(3-9) reverse time migration imaging: and obtaining the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by utilizing the velocity model obtained by joint inversion, adopting reverse time migration imaging and cross-correlation imaging conditions.
By way of further limitation, the velocity model is:
wherein d isTun,obs,dSur,obsSeismic data observed in the earth's surface and in tunnels, respectively, dTun,mod,dSur,modThe full wave field seismic records of the observation in the tunnel and the observation on the earth surface are obtained from forward modeling, and a and b are weights of the minimum error of the tunnel observation data and the minimum error of the earth surface observation data.
By way of further limitation, the cross-correlation imaging conditions are:
where I (x, y, z) represents the imaging result, S (x, y, z, T) represents the source wavefield, R (x, y, z, T) represents the detector wavefield, and T is the total offset duration.
In the step (4), after the detection is finished, the retractable supporting rods retract, so that the three-component receiving stations are not in contact with surrounding rocks any more, the retractable supporting rods rotate to the initial position, the array of the ground surface receiving stations is unchanged, the array of the tunnel receiving stations is rapidly arranged before the next tunneling, multiple covering detection of rock masses in front of the working face of the tunneling machine and around the tunnel is realized, the detection precision is increased, and when the array offset distance of the ground surface receiving stations is not met by the tunneling machine, the array of the ground surface receiving stations is rearranged.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
(1) the method utilizes the rock breaking seismic source of the tunnel boring machine to carry out advanced geological detection, is safe and reliable, does not affect the normal working flow of the tunnel boring machine, utilizes the tunnel receiving station array and the earth surface receiving station array to synchronously receive seismic wave field signals generated by rock breaking vibration of a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine, and optimizes the limitations of small offset distance and single observation mode of the traditional rock breaking seismic source detection in the small-bore tunnel;
(2) the data not only comprise horizontal direction information of bad geological bodies, but also comprise elevation direction information, the bad geological bodies can be precisely positioned in space, accurate detection in front of a tunnel face is realized, macro detection can be realized through surface data, geological conditions along the line are known in advance, and tunneling construction is guided;
(3) aiming at the problem of serious noise interference in the signals recorded by the tunnel receiving station and the earth surface receiving station, the noise receiving station is arranged near the heading machine and the earth surface noise source to record the noise signals, and the recorded noise signals are combined to carry out strong interference noise attenuation on the signals of the receiving sensor, namely spectral subtraction, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic record can be effectively improved, and the fixed-point noise denoising of the received signals is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ground-tunnel combined rock breaking seismic source detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel receiving station and its hydraulic support;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mounting structure of a pilot receiving station of a rock breaking seismic source;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the working state of the earthquake detection of a rock breaking source of the TBM based on the ground-tunnel combination;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of TBM rock breaking source seismic detection data processing based on ground-tunnel combination.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
As described in the background art, the existing tunneling machine construction tunnel rock breaking seismic source seismic wave advanced detection method has many limitations, and in order to solve the limitations, the disclosure provides a tunnel-to-tunnel combination-based TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection device, in the working process of the tunneling machine, rock breaking vibration of a cutter head is used as a seismic source, rock breaking vibration signals are received and stored by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array installed behind the cutter head, excited seismic waves are reflected by a wave impedance interface and then received and stored by a tunnel receiving station array and an earth surface receiving station array, noise signals generated by the tunneling machine and an earth surface noise source are received and stored by a noise receiving station, the signals are transmitted to a seismic wave data processor in time for processing in time, and the tunnel receiving station array is fully utilized to be sensitive to seismic wave information in the horizontal direction, the earth surface receiving station array has the advantage of being sensitive to seismic wave information in the elevation direction, and finally seismic sections of rock masses in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel can be obtained more accurately.
Firstly, a TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection method based on ground-tunnel combination is provided, TBM rock breaking vibration is used as a seismic source, signals of seismic waves reflected by wave impedance interfaces are received in the earth surface and a tunnel respectively, combination processing is carried out, and poor geology in front of a tunnel face is imaged.
As an alternative embodiment, the process of the combined treatment comprises:
performing effective signal extraction of ground-tunnel combined detection data;
performing joint inversion on the signals to obtain a speed model in front of the working face of the tunnel boring machine;
and obtaining the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by utilizing the velocity model obtained by joint inversion, adopting reverse time migration imaging and cross-correlation imaging conditions.
Secondly, providing a TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on earth-tunnel combination, which comprises a rock breaking source pilot receiving station array, a tunnel receiving station array, an earth surface receiving station array, a noise receiving station and a seismic wave data processor;
the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array is arranged behind a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine body and used for receiving vibration generated when the cutter head rotates to cut rocks;
the tunnel receiving station array is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body and used for receiving and storing seismic signals reflected to a tunnel wall after encountering a poor geologic body when the rock breaking vibration of the cutterhead is transmitted in the stratum;
the noise receiving station is used for receiving and storing noise signals generated by all the noise sources;
the earth surface receiving station array is arranged on the earth surface in front of the tunnel working surface and used for receiving and storing seismic signals which are reflected and transmitted to the earth surface after encountering a poor geologic body when the rock breaking vibration of the cutterhead is transmitted in the stratum;
and the data of each receiving station array is transmitted to a seismic wave data processing instrument, and the seismic wave data processing instrument is configured to carry out combined processing on the rock breaking vibration and noise information acquired by the tunnel and the earth surface to obtain seismic sections of the front area and the surrounding area of the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 1, as an exemplary embodiment, a TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on earth-tunnel combination mainly includes a rock breaking source pilot receiving station array 2, a tunnel receiving station array and its hydraulic support device 3, an earth surface receiving station array 4, a noise receiving station and a seismic wave data processing instrument 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the array 2 of the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations is installed behind the cutter head 1, the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations 13 are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the rear of the cutter head 1, the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations 13 are fixed on a shield 14 behind the cutter head through a support plate 12 of the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations and used for receiving vibration generated when the cutter head rotates to cut rocks, and the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations are provided with automatic positioning systems and can automatically store the spatial positions of the rock breaking source pilot receiving stations.
As shown in fig. 2, the tunnel receiving station array and the hydraulic support device 3 thereof are installed in the middle of the tunnel boring machine, the tunnel receiving station array is composed of 20 tunnel receiving stations, which are located on two sides of the tunnel boring machine and located 15m away from the tunnel face, the distance between the tunnel receiving stations is 3m, each tunnel receiving station is specifically composed of three-component receiving stations 6, a telescopic support rod 7, a hydraulic oil cylinder 8, a receiving station support frame 9, a transmission shaft 10, an oil cylinder support frame 11 and the like, the three-component receiving stations 6 are connected with the telescopic support rod 7, the telescopic support rod 7 is rotatably fixed on the tunnel boring machine through the receiving station support frame 9, the hydraulic oil cylinder 8 is connected with the telescopic support rod 7 through the transmission shaft 10, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 8 is fixed on the tunnel boring machine through the oil cylinder support frame 11.
Of course, in other embodiments, the number of tunnel receiving stations may vary. The tunnel receiving stations can be distributed at equal intervals or at unequal intervals.
As shown in fig. 4, the earth surface receiving station array 4 is installed on the earth surface in front of the working surface of the tunnel, in this embodiment, 40 earth surface receiving stations constitute the earth surface receiving station array 4 for receiving and storing seismic signals which are reflected and transmitted to the earth surface after encountering a poor geologic body when the cutterhead rock-breaking vibration propagates in the stratum.
Of course, in other embodiments, the number of surface receiving stations may vary. The tunnel receiving stations can be distributed at equal intervals or at unequal intervals.
The noise receiving stations comprise a plurality of noise receiving stations which are arranged at the noise source of the heading machine and the ground noise source and are used for receiving and storing noise signals generated by the noise sources.
It should be understood that the receiving station referred to in the present disclosure is a receiving station in the detection field, and a corresponding receiving device, such as a detector, a three-component detector, a vibration sensor or a sound sensor, etc., is disposed in the receiving station, and is a term of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described herein again.
And the seismic wave data processor 5 is used for leading in seismic data received and stored by the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station, the in-tunnel receiving station, the earth surface receiving station and the noise receiving station, and realizing rapid automatic processing.
Firstly, when the detection is not carried out, the tunnel receiving station array and the hydraulic supporting device 3 thereof are in a retraction state, the telescopic supporting rod 7 is in a retraction state, and the tunnel receiving station 6 rotates to the end far away from the tunnel surrounding rock.
Before surveying, hydraulic cylinder 8 provides power through transmission shaft 10, makes tunnel receiving station 6 rotatory to being close to tunnel country rock one end, and tunnel receiving station 6 sets up image recognition system, but the automatic identification country rock crack, and in the not development department of country rock crack, telescopic support rod 7 extension bracing piece makes 6 in close contact with country rock of tunnel receiving station, and tunnel receiving station sets up automatic positioning system, its spatial position of automatic storage.
In this embodiment, the placement of the ground surface receiving station array 4 is performed on the upper ground surface in front of the work surface of the roadheader before probing. The 40 earth surface receiving stations form an earth surface receiving station array, the earth surface receiving station array is rapidly arranged at a 10 m-channel interval, and an automatic positioning system is arranged on the earth surface receiving station for automatic storage and positioning.
Then, the heading machine works, when the cutter head 1 continuously excavates a working face, the cutter head 1 and the heading machine also slowly move forwards, therefore, the telescopic support rod 7 retracts when moving at each time, the tunnel receiving station 6 is not in contact with surrounding rocks any more, the telescopic support rod 7 extends to the support rod before the next ring of heading is finished, the tunnel receiving station 6 is in close contact with the surrounding rocks, and the relative position of the tunnel receiving station and the face is kept unchanged.
On the other hand, the cutter head 1 rotates to cut rocks to generate vibration, the vibration is received and stored by a rock breaking source pilot receiving station array 2 arranged behind the cutter head, a rock breaking source simultaneously excites seismic waves to diffuse in front of the working surface of the heading machine and around the tunnel, the seismic waves are reflected after encountering a wave impedance interface and are received and stored by a three-component receiving station 6 in close contact with the wall of the tunnel, meanwhile, the reflected and transmitted seismic waves are received and stored by an earth surface receiving station array 4 in close contact with the earth surface, a noise receiving station also continuously records and stores noise signals generated by the tunnel and an earth surface noise source, and information recorded by the rock breaking source pilot receiving station, the tunnel receiving station, the earth surface receiving station and the noise receiving station is transmitted to a seismic wave data processor for automatic combined processing.
As shown in fig. 5, the data processing flow includes the following steps:
(1) preprocessing a received signal:
instrument noise in signals received by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station, a tunnel receiving station, an earth surface receiving station and a noise receiving station is removed by a band-pass filtering method, so that the quality of the acquired seismic data is ensured;
(2) denoising fixed point noise of a received signal:
combining signals received by a noise receiving station, suppressing strong interference noise in seismic signals received by a tunnel receiving station and an earth surface receiving station by using a spectral subtraction method so as to separate and obtain effective seismic signals;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a pure seismic signal power spectrum, E [ | N (omega) & gtdoes]For mathematical expectation of noise power spectrum, | Y (ω) emitting2Is the power spectrum of the original noise-containing seismic signal.
(3) Interference of rock breaking signals:
the seismic source signal and the received signal after denoising are subjected to cross correlation and deconvolution processing, so that incoherent noise can be further attenuated, the rock breaking vibration signal is compressed into an equivalent pulse signal, the interference of an unconventional rock breaking seismic source is realized, and the conversion from the unconventional rock breaking seismic source seismic record to the conventional seismic source seismic record is completed;
(4) observation system import and first arrival pickup:
leading in relative coordinates of the rock breaking seismic source receiving station array, the receiving station array in the tunnel and the earth surface receiving station array, picking up the time of the first arrival wave reaching each tunnel and earth surface detector in the seismic record by using an automatic first arrival picking method, and calculating the wave velocity by using the relative distance and the time of the first arrival wave reaching the detector;
(5) spectral analysis and band-pass filtering:
the seismic records in the time domain are transformed to the frequency domain through Fourier transform, noise signals of different frequency bands are removed through band-pass filtering, the frequency band of effective reflected waves is reserved, and finally the seismic records in the frequency domain are transformed to the time domain through Fourier inverse transform, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic records is improved;
(6) gather equalization:
including intra-lane equalization and inter-lane equalization steps. In-channel equalization, waves with strong shallow energy in each channel are compressed, waves with weak deep energy are increased, and the amplitudes of shallow seismic waves and deep seismic waves are controlled within a certain dynamic range; the inter-channel balance is mainly used for eliminating excitation energy differences of different seismic source points, so that the amplitude of a reflected wave is not influenced by excitation conditions and only reflects the geological structure condition;
(7) effective reflected wave extraction and vertical and horizontal wave separation:
and (2) adopting f-k and tau-P combined filtering to suppress interference waves and invalid reflected waves behind the working surface of the heading machine, cutting off direct waves, only keeping the valid reflected waves from the front and the side of the working surface of the heading machine and automatically extracting, and separating P waves, SH waves and SV waves in the three-component seismic record in an f-k domain or a tau-P domain, so as to facilitate the next offset imaging and geological interpretation.
(8) Full waveform joint inversion:
and importing the denoised ground-tunnel joint detection data to perform joint inversion, and obtaining a speed model in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by adopting a frequency domain full waveform inversion method according to the following formula.
Wherein d isTun,obs,dSur,obsSeismic data observed in the earth's surface and in tunnels, respectively, dTun,mod,dSur,modThe full wave field seismic records of the observation in the tunnel and the observation on the earth surface are obtained from forward modeling, and a and b are weights of the minimum error of the tunnel observation data and the minimum error of the earth surface observation data.
(9) Reverse time migration imaging:
and (3) obtaining the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by utilizing a velocity model obtained by joint inversion and adopting reverse time migration imaging under a cross-correlation imaging condition (as shown in the following formula).
Where I (x, y, z) represents the imaging result, S (x, y, z, T) represents the source wavefield, R (x, y, z, T) represents the detector wavefield, and T is the total offset duration.
After the detection is finished, the retractable supporting rod 7 retracts, so that the tunnel receiving station 6 is not in contact with surrounding rocks any more, the tunnel receiving station 6 rotates to the initial position, the array of the earth surface receiving station is unchanged, the rapid arrangement of the array 3 of the tunnel receiving station is realized before the next tunneling starts, the repeated covering detection of rock masses in front of the working face of the tunneling machine and around the tunnel is realized, the detection precision is increased, and when the array offset distance of the earth surface receiving station is not met by the tunneling machine, the array of the earth surface receiving station is rearranged.
And according to the obtained speed model and the seismic section and by combining the spatial distribution condition of the strength index of the excavated rock, the geological conditions of rock masses in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel are obtained, the advance prediction of geological abnormal bodies is realized, the quality of surrounding rocks of the area to be excavated is evaluated, and reference is provided for the safe construction of the heading machine.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (14)
1. A TBM rock breaking seismic source seismic detection method based on ground-tunnel combination is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of utilizing TBM rock breaking vibration as a seismic source, respectively receiving signals of seismic waves reflected by wave impedance interfaces in the earth surface and a tunnel, carrying out combined processing, and imaging unfavorable geology in front of a tunnel face, wherein the combined processing comprises the following steps:
performing effective signal extraction of ground-tunnel combined detection data;
performing joint inversion on the signals to obtain a speed model in front of the working face of the tunnel boring machine;
and obtaining the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by utilizing the velocity model obtained by joint inversion, adopting reverse time migration imaging and cross-correlation imaging conditions.
2. The utility model provides a broken rock seismic source seismic detection device of TBM based on ground-tunnel is united which characterized by: the system comprises a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array, a tunnel receiving station array, an earth surface receiving station array, a noise receiving station and a seismic wave data processing instrument;
the rock breaking source pilot receiving station array is configured to receive vibration generated by rotation of the cutter disc for cutting rock;
the tunnel receiving station array is configured to receive and store seismic signals reflected to a tunnel wall by rock breaking vibration of the cutterhead;
the noise receiving station is configured to receive and store noise signals generated by the noise sources;
the earth surface receiving station array is configured to receive and store seismic signals reflected by rock breaking vibration of the cutter head and transmitted to the earth surface;
the data of each receiving station array are transmitted to a seismic wave data processing instrument, and the seismic wave data processing instrument is configured to carry out combined processing on the tunnel and rock breaking vibration and noise information acquired from the earth surface to obtain seismic sections of the front area and the surrounding area of the tunnel;
the tunnel receiving station array comprises a plurality of tunnel receiving stations which are sequentially fixed in the middle of the heading machine body, and each tunnel receiving station comprises a three-component receiving station and a telescopic supporting rod; and at the position where the surrounding rock crack does not develop, the telescopic supporting rod extends to enable the three-component receiving table to be in close contact with the surrounding rock.
3. The TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on the ground-tunnel combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station specifically comprises the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station and a supporting plate, and the rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station is fixed on a shield behind a cutter head through the supporting plate.
4. The TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on the ground-tunnel combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: tunnel receiving station still includes hydraulic cylinder, transmission shaft, hydro-cylinder support frame and receiving station support frame, three-component receiving station installs in one of scalable bracing piece and serves, the other end of scalable bracing piece passes through the rotatable fixing of receiving station support frame on tunnel boring machine, scalable bracing piece pass through the transmission shaft with hydraulic cylinder connection, hydraulic cylinder passes through the hydro-cylinder support frame and fixes on tunnel boring machine body.
5. The TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on the ground-tunnel combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the tunnel receiving station array comprises two groups of tunnel receiving stations which are respectively positioned on two sides of the heading machine, each group of tunnel receiving stations are at a certain distance from the tunnel face, and a certain distance is reserved between the two groups of tunnel receiving stations.
6. The TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on the ground-tunnel combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the earth surface receiving station array comprises a plurality of receiving stations which are sequentially distributed on a traveling route of the tunnel boring machine body.
7. The TBM rock breaking source seismic detection device based on the ground-tunnel combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the noise receiving stations comprise a plurality of noise receiving stations which are respectively arranged at the noise source position of the tunneling machine body and the earth surface noise source position and used for receiving and storing noise signals generated by the corresponding noise sources.
8. Method of operation based on a device according to any of claims 2-7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out rapid arrangement of a detection observation mode of a ground-tunnel combined TBM rock breaking seismic source;
(2) when the heading machine works, collecting and storing signals by a rock breaking seismic source pilot receiving station array, a tunnel receiving station array, an earth surface receiving station array and a noise receiving station, and when data collection is finished, importing the collected data into a seismic wave data processor;
(3) the seismic wave data processor performs combined automatic processing on the information acquired by the tunnel and the earth surface to obtain a velocity model and a seismic profile of the area in front of and around the tunnel;
(4) when the excavator is excavated to enter the next cycle, the array of the tunnel receiving station is recovered to the initial state, the array of the earth surface receiving station is reserved, and when the excavator works again, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) and according to the obtained speed model and the seismic section and by combining the spatial distribution condition of the excavated rock strength index, the geological conditions of the rock mass in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel are obtained, and the advance prediction of the geological abnormal body is realized.
9. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein: in the step (1), the initial state is obtained when the detection is not carried out, the telescopic supporting rods of the tunnel receiving station array are in the retraction state, and the tunnel receiving station rotates to the end far away from the tunnel surrounding rock.
10. The method of operation of claim 9, wherein: before surveying, hydraulic cylinder provides power through the transmission shaft, makes tunnel receiving station rotate to one end near tunnel country rock, and in the undeveloped department of country rock crack, scalable bracing piece extension makes three-component receiving station in close contact with country rock.
11. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein: in the step (1), before detection, the earth surface receiving station arrays are arranged on the upper earth surface in front of the working surface of the heading machine, and the earth surface receiving station arrays are quickly arranged at a certain track interval.
12. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein: in the step (1), the observation mode is rapidly arranged when the heading machine stops working.
13. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein: in the step (1), the observation mode is rapidly arranged when the heading machine works.
14. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein: in the step (2), when a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine rotates to cut rocks to generate vibration, the rock breaking vibration of the cutter head is received by a rock breaking source pilot receiving station arranged behind the cutter head, the rock breaking source simultaneously excites seismic waves to diffuse in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine and around the tunnel, the seismic waves are reflected after encountering a wave impedance interface and are received by the tunnel receiving station and an earth surface receiving station which are in close contact with the tunnel wall, meanwhile, each noise receiving station also continuously records noise signals generated by a noise source, and the rock breaking source pilot receiving station array, the tunnel receiving station array, the earth surface receiving station array and the noise receiving station automatically store the received seismic signals.
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| CN112505746A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-16 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程设计研究院 | Detection system based on tunnel drilling and blasting construction and corresponding method thereof |
| CN113267806B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-01-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source |
| CN114252916A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-29 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Tunnel boring machine working face advanced prediction system and prediction method |
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