CN117192615A - Method for detecting hidden geological structure in coal face based on transmission seismic wake wave - Google Patents
Method for detecting hidden geological structure in coal face based on transmission seismic wake wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting a hidden geological structure in a coal face based on transmission seismic wake, which adopts a bottom plate excitation-receiving mode to collect an underground seismic wave field, and gets rid of the constraint of a coal bed on the seismic wave energy as far as possible, so as to realize the detection of the hidden structure in the coal face; the method has the advantages that the hidden geological structure of the coal face is detected by adopting the transmission seismic wake wave signals, the limitation that the conventional coal seam slotware only effective in obviously damaging the geological structure of the coal seam can be broken through by adopting the seismic wave signals, the specific feedback signals can be provided for geological structures of different degrees, the hidden geological structure in the coal face can be obtained and classified by receiving and analyzing the feedback signals, and the accurate detection of the hidden geological structure in the coal face and below the bottom plate is finally realized, so that a key technical means is provided for safe exploitation of the coal seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting a hidden geological structure in a coal face based on transmission seismic wake wave, and belongs to the technical field of geological exploration.
Background
Hidden geological structures (such as faults, collapse columns and the like) in the coal face are key hidden disaster-causing factors which influence the safe and efficient mining of the face. On one hand, the hidden geological structure can influence the extraction efficiency of the working face, even lead to the abandonment of the working face, and cause economic losses of earlier design, construction and the like; more importantly, the hidden geological structure can serve as a water guide channel to enable the working surface to be connected with underground water, so that major water inrush well logging accidents occur, and economic and safety losses are huge. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the hidden geological structure inside the working face before the working face is recovered to ensure the subsequent safe production.
Geophysical prospecting is an important means of coal field geologic structure detection, especially seismic prospecting with high resolution features. Currently, seismic exploration methods for coal seam blind formations can be divided into two categories: (1) a three-dimensional seismic exploration technology for coal field mining areas. However, due to the constraint factors such as strong reflection shielding of multiple coal beds, the technology can not realize accurate detection of the submerged collapse column of the deep coal bed in high-resolution ground three-dimensional seismic exploration; (2) a stope face seismic exploration technique. In this way, due to the constraint of the coal seam on the seismic wave energy, the stope face seismic detection technology of the near-target body is difficult to capture the anomalies in the face and below the bottom plate. Therefore, the method is based on a high-precision stope face seismic transparent/reflective integrated exploration mode, gets rid of the constraint of a coal bed on seismic wave energy, is a direction of research, can accurately detect hidden geological structures in the stope face and below a bottom plate in a new mode, and provides a key technical means for coal bed safety exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the hidden geological structure in the coal face based on the transmission seismic wake, which utilizes the transmission seismic wake to analyze and process, and can effectively get rid of the constraint of the coal bed on the seismic wave energy, thereby accurately detecting the hidden geological structure in the coal face and below the bottom plate and providing a key technical means for coal bed safety exploitation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for detecting a hidden geological structure in a coal face based on transmission seismic wake wave comprises the following specific steps:
step one: arranging a row of holes on the bottom plate rock stratum of each of the three laneways of the track gate, the belt gate and the cutting hole of the coal face in an equidistant mode, wherein the axis of each hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the holes in each row of holes are alternately marked as blast holes and receiving holes in sequence;
step two: establishing a working face earthquake bottom plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel joint observation coordinate system, wherein the trend direction of the working face is X direction, the width direction is Y direction, and the vertical downward direction is depth Z direction; in each receiving hole of step oneArranging one detector respectively in a rigid coupling mode, enabling the receiving direction of the detector to be Y-direction, and recording the coordinates of the shot points as (x) sn ，y sn ) The coordinates of the receiving points are (x rn ，y rn ) Wherein s represents a shot point, r represents a receiving point, and n represents a serial number;
step three: after finishing the arrangement of the detectors in each receiving hole, connecting all the detectors with the seismometer, and forming a base plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel combined observation system at the moment; then, explosive is arranged in each blast hole, each blast hole is sequentially excited by taking the position of each blast hole as a seismic source, and each detector acquires corresponding seismic wake wave records when each blast hole is excited; each seismic data is recorded as M sr Wherein s represents an excitation sequence number and r represents a reception sequence number;
step four: picking up each channel of seismic data M according to the seismic data acquired in the step three sr When the first arrival of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave arrives, a conventional joint iterative reconstruction technique algorithm (namely SIRT) is adopted to carry out tomography in the working surface, so that the velocity distribution of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the working surface can be obtained;
step five: according to the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity distribution obtained in the step four, combining one seismic data M sr The coordinates of shot points and receiving points are analyzed, and the distribution of seismic wake wave diffusion sensitive kernels in the data of all shot points is analyzed, so that disturbance distribution conditions caused by uneven scattering points are obtained;
step six: repeating the fifth step to sequentially calculate all the seismic data M sr Is a latency data sensitive kernel term K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) calculating all trace seismic data M by absolute amplitude method sr And normalized to the wake energy, denoted E sr ；
Step seven: the sensitive core distribution is related to disturbance positions related to the hidden geological structure, and the disturbance positions are specifically as follows: dividing the working surface XY into grids with the side length of 0.1M, and obtaining all the seismic data M sr Takes the sensitive core distribution of the corresponding wake wave normalized energy as a space position and probability value, takes the corresponding wake wave normalized energy as a calculated value, and adopts a method of multiplying the energy and the distribution probabilityObtaining disturbance degree value D by a method sr And put into corresponding grids;
step eight: after calculation according to the seventh step, a plurality of disturbance degree values D are respectively existed in each grid sr1 、D sr2 、……D srn Then, the average value of the disturbance degree values in each grid is calculated as the final disturbance degree value D of each grid sr ；
Step nine: obtaining a final disturbance degree value of each grid according to the step eight, so as to obtain disturbance distribution in the working surface, calculating an average value of the final disturbance degree values of all grids, carrying out statistical analysis on all disturbance distribution, wherein a position which is 150% higher than the average value is determined to be a strong development area of the hidden structure, a position which is 100% higher than the average value is determined to be a relatively development area of the hidden structure, the rest is a general area, and finally drawing an imaging diagram of the hidden geological structure in the working surface, thereby realizing accurate detection of the hidden geological structure in the working surface.
Further, the intermediate distance in the first step is 10m. The required detection precision can be ensured by adopting the arrangement distance, the arrangement quantity of the drilling holes can be effectively controlled, and the construction is convenient.
Further, the depth of the drilled holes in the first step is 2m, the aperture size is 60mm, the filling of explosive in the drilled holes serving as the blastholes is guaranteed, and the arrangement of detectors in the drilled holes serving as the receiving holes is guaranteed.
Furthermore, in the third step, the sampling frequency of each detector is 10kHz, the sampling point number is 4096, and the sampling length is 400ms.
Further, the process of obtaining the seismic wake diffusion sensitive kernel distribution in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
under the condition of combining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the analytical imaging result in the fourth step by utilizing the position coordinates of the seismic source and the receiving point, the seismic wake diffusion density functions K(s) of different hidden geological structures are obtained according to different time delay signal propagation times 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T), i.e. spatial distribution of sensitive nuclei:
(1) K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) description s 1 Point-excited seismic waves, passing through x in the path 0 After and at s after time t 2 Probability of a location being received; p(s) 1 ,s 2 T) represents the seismic wave slave s 1 The elapsed time t reaches s 2 Specifically, the probability of (a) is:
(2) In the I s 1 -s 2 I represents s 1 Sum s 2 D is the scattering coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the conventional working face seismic exploration usually adopts a coal bed excitation receiving mode, and the main energy of seismic waves is restrained in a waveguide of a coal bed, so that the hidden geological structure cannot be detected.
2. The invention creatively adopts the transmission seismic wake wave signal to detect the hidden geological structure of the coal face, the seismic wave signal can break through the limitation that the traditional coal seam slotware only effective to obviously destroy the geological structure of the coal seam, the invention can provide specific feedback signals for geological structures with different degrees, and the hidden geological structure in the coal face can be obtained and classified by receiving and analyzing the feedback signals, so as to finally realize the accurate detection of the hidden geological structure in the coal face and below the bottom plate.
3. The invention forms a set of transmission seismic wake wave detection method of the hidden geological structure in the coal face, which is used for collecting, processing, imaging and grading evaluation of the aggregate signals, and the method is beneficial to improving the accuracy and the precision of the detection of the geological structure of the existing working face and provides a key technical means for safe exploitation of coal beds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a floor excitation-reception multi-lane joint observation system established in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of different backplane excitation-transceiver seismic wake signal sensitive nuclei in a working plane in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of the detection of a hidden geological structure in a coal face obtained by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one: arranging a row of holes on the bottom plate rock stratum of each of the three laneways of the track gate, the belt gate and the cutting hole of the coal face in a 10m equidistant mode, wherein the axis of each hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the holes in each row of holes are alternately marked as blastholes and receiving holes in sequence as shown in figure 1; the depth of the drilling holes is 2m, the aperture size is 60mm, the filling of explosive in the drilling holes serving as the blast holes is guaranteed, and the arrangement of detectors in the drilling holes serving as the receiving holes is also guaranteed.
Step two: establishing a working face earthquake bottom plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel joint observation coordinate system, wherein the trend direction of the working face is X direction, the width direction is Y direction, and the vertical downward direction is depth Z direction; arranging a detector in each receiving hole in the first step in a rigid coupling mode, enabling the receiving direction of the detector to be Y-direction, and recording the coordinates of the shot points as (x) sn ，y sn ) The coordinates of the receiving points are (x rn ，y rn ) Wherein s represents a shot point, r represents a receiving point, and n represents a serial number;
step three: after finishing the arrangement of the detectors in each receiving hole, connecting all the detectors with the seismometer, and forming a base plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel combined observation system at the moment; then, 100g of explosive is arranged in each blast hole, and then each blast hole is sequentially excited by taking the position of each blast hole as a seismic source, and each blast holeEach detector acquires corresponding seismic wake wave records during excitation, the sampling frequency of each detector is 10kHz, the sampling point number is 4096, and the sampling length is 400ms; each seismic data is recorded as M sr Wherein s represents an excitation sequence number and r represents a reception sequence number;
step four: picking up each channel of seismic data M according to the seismic data acquired in the step three sr When the first arrival of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave arrives, a conventional joint iterative reconstruction technique algorithm (namely SIRT) is adopted to carry out tomography in the working surface, so that the velocity distribution of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the working surface can be obtained;
step five: according to the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity distribution obtained in the step four, combining one seismic data M sr The coordinates of the shot point and the receiving point are analyzed, the distribution of the seismic wake diffusion sensitive nuclei in all shot-to-data is shown in fig. 2, so as to obtain the disturbance distribution condition caused by uneven scattering points, and the specific calculation process is as follows:
under the condition of combining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the analytical imaging result in the fourth step by utilizing the position coordinates of the seismic source and the receiving point, the seismic wake diffusion density functions K(s) of different hidden geological structures are obtained according to different time delay signal propagation times 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T), i.e. spatial distribution of sensitive nuclei:
(1) K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) description s 1 Point-excited seismic waves, passing through x in the path 0 After and at s after time t 2 Probability of a location being received; p(s) 1 ,s 2 T) represents the seismic wave slave s 1 The elapsed time t reaches s 2 Specifically, the probability of (a) is:
(2) In the I s 1 -s 2 I represents s 1 Sum s 2 D is the scattering coefficient.
Step six: repeating the fifth step to sequentially calculate all the seismic data M sr Is a latency data sensitive kernel term K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) calculating all trace seismic data M by absolute amplitude method sr And normalized to the wake energy, denoted E sr ；
Step seven: the sensitive core distribution is related to disturbance positions related to the hidden geological structure, and the disturbance positions are specifically as follows: dividing the working surface XY into grids with the side length of 0.1M, and obtaining all the seismic data M sr The sensitive core distribution of (1) is used as a space position and probability value, corresponding wake wave normalized energy is used as a calculated value, and a disturbance degree value D is obtained by multiplying the energy and the distribution probability sr And put into corresponding grids;
step eight: after calculation according to the seventh step, a plurality of disturbance degree values D are respectively existed in each grid sr1 、D sr2 、……D srn Then, the average value of the disturbance degree values in each grid is calculated as the final disturbance degree value D of each grid sr ；
Step nine: obtaining a final disturbance degree value of each grid according to the step eight, thus obtaining disturbance distribution inside the working surface, calculating an average value of the final disturbance degree values of all grids, carrying out statistical analysis on all disturbance distribution, wherein a position which is 150% higher than the average value is determined to be a strong development area of the hidden structure, a position which is 100% higher than the average value is determined to be a relatively development area of the hidden structure, the rest is a general area, and finally drawing an imaging diagram of the hidden geological structure in the working surface as shown in fig. 3, thereby realizing accurate detection of the hidden geological structure in the working surface.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting a hidden geological structure in a coal face based on transmission seismic wake wave is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one: arranging a row of holes on the bottom plate rock stratum of each of the three laneways of the track gate, the belt gate and the cutting hole of the coal face in an equidistant mode, wherein the axis of each hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the holes in each row of holes are alternately marked as blast holes and receiving holes in sequence;
step two: establishing a working face earthquake bottom plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel joint observation coordinate system, wherein the trend direction of the working face is X direction, the width direction is Y direction, and the vertical downward direction is depth Z direction; arranging a detector in each receiving hole in the first step in a rigid coupling mode, enabling the receiving direction of the detector to be Y-direction, and recording the coordinates of the shot points as (x) sn ，y sn ) The coordinates of the receiving points are (x rn ，y rn )；
Step three: after finishing the arrangement of the detectors in each receiving hole, connecting all the detectors with the seismometer, and forming a base plate excitation-receiving multi-tunnel combined observation system at the moment; then, explosive is arranged in each blast hole, each blast hole is sequentially excited by taking the position of each blast hole as a seismic source, and each detector acquires corresponding seismic wake wave records when each blast hole is excited; each seismic data is recorded as M sr Wherein s represents an excitation sequence number and r represents a reception sequence number;
step four: picking up each channel of seismic data M according to the seismic data acquired in the step three sr When the first arrival of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave arrives, then adopting a joint iteration reconstruction technology algorithm to carry out tomography in the working surface, and further obtaining the velocity distribution of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the working surface;
step five: according to the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity distribution obtained in the step four, combining one seismic data M sr The coordinates of shot points and receiving points are analyzed, and the distribution of seismic wake wave diffusion sensitive kernels in the data of all shot points is analyzed, so that disturbance distribution conditions caused by uneven scattering points are obtained;
step six: repeatingStep five, all the seismic data M are calculated in sequence sr Is a latency data sensitive kernel term K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) calculating all trace seismic data M by absolute amplitude method sr And normalized to the wake energy, denoted E sr ；
Step seven: the sensitive core distribution is related to disturbance positions related to the hidden geological structure, and the disturbance positions are specifically as follows: dividing the working surface XY into grids with the side length of 0.1M, and obtaining all the seismic data M sr The sensitive core distribution of (1) is used as a space position and probability value, corresponding wake wave normalized energy is used as a calculated value, and a disturbance degree value D is obtained by multiplying the energy and the distribution probability sr And put into corresponding grids;
step eight: after calculation according to the seventh step, a plurality of disturbance degree values exist in each grid, and then an average value of the disturbance degree values in each grid is calculated as a final disturbance degree value D of each grid sr ；
Step nine: obtaining a final disturbance degree value of each grid according to the step eight, so as to obtain disturbance distribution in the working surface, calculating an average value of the final disturbance degree values of all grids, carrying out statistical analysis on all disturbance distribution, wherein a position which is 150% higher than the average value is determined to be a strong development area of the hidden structure, a position which is 100% higher than the average value is determined to be a relatively development area of the hidden structure, the rest is a general area, and finally drawing an imaging diagram of the hidden geological structure in the working surface, thereby realizing accurate detection of the hidden geological structure in the working surface.
2. The method for detecting hidden geological formations in a coal face based on transmitted seismic wake according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first step and the second step is 10m.
3. The method for detecting the hidden geological structure in the coal face based on the transmitted seismic wake according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the drilled holes in the first step is 2m, and the aperture size is 60mm.
4. The method for detecting the hidden geological structure in the coal face based on the transmission seismic wake according to claim 1, wherein the sampling frequency of each detector in the third step is 10kHz, the sampling point number is 4096, and the sampling length is 400ms.
5. The method for detecting the hidden geological structure in the coal face based on the transmitted seismic wake according to claim 1, wherein the process of obtaining the seismic wake diffusion sensitive kernel distribution in the fifth step is:
under the condition of combining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the analytical imaging result in the fourth step by utilizing the position coordinates of the seismic source and the receiving point, the seismic wake diffusion density functions K(s) of different hidden geological structures are obtained according to different time delay signal propagation times 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T), i.e. spatial distribution of sensitive nuclei:
(1) K(s) 1 ,s 2 ,x 0 T) description s 1 Point-excited seismic waves, passing through x in the path 0 After and at s after time t 2 Probability of a location being received; p(s) 1 ,s 2 T) represents the seismic wave slave s 1 The elapsed time t reaches s 2 Specifically, the probability of (a) is:
(2) In the I s 1 -s 2 I represents s 1 Sum s 2 D is the scattering coefficient.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117492091A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-02 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Coal mine fold detection method and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117492091A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-02 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Coal mine fold detection method and system |
| CN117492091B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-08 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Coal mine fold detection method and system |
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