CN110737017B - Advanced forecasting and collecting device for coal roadway - Google Patents
Advanced forecasting and collecting device for coal roadway Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The utility model provides a coal tunnel forecast collection system in advance, includes focus mechanism, detection mechanism and supporting mechanism, wherein: the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism; the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism, the method is suitable for advanced prediction and acquisition of tunnel coal roadways, the blank of a true three-dimensional advanced geological prediction three-component seismic detector of the roadway at the present stage is made up, and three-dimensional multi-component seismic data acquisition of non-abnormal bodies such as a fracture fault development area, a karst area, a gas enrichment area and the like in front of a working face can be realized; the problems of long artificial detection period, high cost, large influence on construction progress, poor data consistency and the like of conventional roadway advanced prediction are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine roadway construction, and particularly relates to an advanced forecasting and collecting device for a coal roadway.
Background
Mine roadway construction is a hidden high-risk underground construction project, in recent years, various mine safety accidents frequently occur along with the continuous expansion of the mining depth and the mining scale of China, huge economic loss and casualties are caused, adverse geological environments with complex structures such as fracture fault development areas, karst areas, gas enrichment areas and the like are easily encountered in the roadway tunneling process, disasters such as roadway deformation, gas outburst, water inrush, caving are and the like are easily caused if detailed geological data such as spatial distribution, lithologic change and the like of the adverse geological areas are not obtained before and during the tunneling process, and huge influences are caused on the safety and the construction process of constructors, the roadway advance prediction technology is a main means for accurately finding out the spatial position, lithologic parameters and geological structure of the adverse geological areas in front of a working face, and rapid and accurate roadway advance prediction can be used for judging the category of surrounding rocks of a roadway, The method provides a basis for formulating and optimizing a construction scheme and a construction technology, and in the conventional roadway advanced geological prediction technology, the roadway advanced prediction technology based on seismic detection is a main roadway geological nondestructive advanced prediction technology due to wide detection depth and high detection precision;
the existing mine roadway advance forecasting technology based on seismic exploration mainly adopts a mode that a receiving device is arranged on a roadway side wall, and an excitation device is arranged on a working face or the roadway side wall to carry out advance forecasting of a geologic body in front of the roadway working face, so that different from the conventional earth surface half-space seismic exploration, the roadway space is a quasi-full-space condition and is influenced by a seismic wave propagation rule, less reflection information from an anomalous body in front of the working face is received on the roadway side wall, however, more reflection information from the anomalous body in front of the working face is received on the working face, and the receiving instrument at the present stage is mainly designed for receiving the roadway side wall, and has no reflection signal receiving device specially aiming at receiving the information by the working face; secondly, the roadway working surface has special conditions such as high gas and the like, which require that the seismic source has explosion-proof performance, the Tunnel seismic focus (TSP) technology adopts a small explosive amount seismic source to perform seismic wave excitation, certain potential safety hazards exist, the True Reflection Tomography (TRT) technology adopts a mode of manually hammering the seismic source to perform seismic source excitation, and the safety hazards of the hammering seismic source are lower relative to the explosive seismic source, but the manually hammering excitation energy is lower, the consistency is poor, and the detection depth and the detection precision are influenced; thirdly, the existing roadway advance forecast based on seismic exploration mostly needs to manually arrange drill holes with certain depths, so that a receiving device and an excitation device are buried to realize signal acquisition, the process is complicated in construction, low in repeatability, low in influence on the roadway construction process and high in cost; therefore, an advanced roadway forecasting seismic detector with the advantages of rapid arrangement, convenient construction, high repeatability and low cost is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an advanced forecasting and collecting device for a coal roadway.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coal tunnel forecast collection system in advance, includes focus mechanism, detection mechanism and supporting mechanism, wherein:
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism;
the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism.
Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises two main supports arranged in parallel, a detector fixing rod arranged between the two main supports, a first fixing support arranged on the side face of each main support and a second fixing support arranged on the rear surface of each main support, clamping grooves are formed in two sides of each main support, two ends of each detector fixing rod penetrate through the clamping grooves, fixing terminals used for positioning the detector fixing rods are arranged at two ends of each detector fixing rod, the tops of the first fixing supports and the tops of the second fixing supports are all installed on the main supports in a rotating mode through pin shafts, and the first fixing supports and the second fixing supports are all adopted.
Preferably, the first fixing support and the second fixing support are both hydraulic rods for hydraulically adjusting the length, push rods for electrically adjusting the length or movable rods for manually adjusting the length.
Preferably, first fixed bolster with the second fixed bolster all adopts the push rod of electrical control length, wherein, first fixed bolster with the second fixed bolster all includes the mobile jib and assists the pole, first cavity and second cavity have been seted up to the mobile jib inside, the inside motor that sets up of first cavity, the inside threaded rod that is provided with of second cavity, the one end of threaded rod with the output shaft of motor, it registrates to assist the pole in the second cavity, it has the lead screw cover to assist the nested lead screw cover in pole top, the threaded rod passes the lead screw cover, it adopts hollow out construction to assist the pole.
Preferably, detection mechanism includes detection device and connecting device, detection device passes through connecting device installs detector dead lever front surface, detection device is provided with the multiunit altogether, and every group all is provided with a plurality of, and the same detection device equidistance distributes.
Preferably, the wave detection device adopts a three-component geophone, and the connecting device adopts a spring or an electric push rod.
Preferably, the seismic source mechanism comprises an impact seismic source, a mounting plate for mounting the impact seismic source and a hydraulic cylinder for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate and the impact seismic source, seismic source mechanical arms are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate, a fixing clamping piece is arranged on the inner side of the main support, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm is rotatably mounted on the fixing clamping piece through a pin shaft.
The advanced forecasting and collecting device for the coal roadway makes up the blank of a true three-dimensional advanced geological forecasting three-component seismic detecting instrument for the roadway at the present stage, and can realize the three-dimensional multi-component seismic data collection of non-abnormal bodies such as a fracture fault development area, a karst area, a gas enrichment area and the like in front of a working face; the problems of long artificial detection period, high cost, large influence on construction progress, poor data consistency and the like of conventional roadway advanced prediction are solved, the three-dimensional seismic observation system is adopted to automatically and quickly arrange and the high-power hammering seismic source based on hydraulic drive is used for exciting seismic wavelets, the detection cost is reduced, and the detection repeatability is provided.
According to the invention, the lengths of the first fixing support and the second fixing support can be adjusted, so that the lengths of the first fixing support and the second fixing support can be adjusted according to the terrain of site construction to be matched with the terrain, the application range of the device is widened, and the first fixing support and the second fixing support can enable the whole device to be more convenient to carry when being contracted;
in the invention, the connecting device used for connecting and installing the wave detection device and the detector fixing rod can adopt a spring and an electric tow rod, when the connecting device used for installing the wave detection device and the detector fixing rod adopts the spring, the device is more convenient to install, the joint of the wave detection device and the working surface can be ensured due to the elastic force of the spring, and when the connecting device used for installing the wave detection device and the detector fixing rod adopts an electric push rod, the extrusion force between all the wave detection devices and the working surface can be consistent, so that the echo signal detected by the wave detection device is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an advanced forecasting and collecting device for coal roadways of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an advanced forecasting and collecting device for coal roadways according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first fixing support in embodiment 2 of the advanced coal roadway forecasting and mining device of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a first fixed bracket; 101. a main rod; 102. an auxiliary rod; 2. a main support; 3. a fixed terminal; 4. a detector fixing rod; 5. a seismic source mechanical arm; 6. impacting a seismic source; 7. mounting a plate; 8. fixing the clamping piece; 9. a spring; 10. a three-component geophone; 11. a card slot; 12. a second fixed bracket; 13. a first cavity; 14. a second cavity; 15. a threaded rod; 16. a screw rod sleeve; 17. a motor.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the advanced coal roadway forecast acquisition device with reference to fig. 1. The advanced forecasting and collecting device for the coal roadway is not limited to the description of the following embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a concrete structure of a coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device, as shown in fig. 1, the coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device comprises a seismic source mechanism, a detection mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein:
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism;
the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism.
The supporting mechanism includes two parallel arrangement's main support 2, set up the wave detector dead lever 4 between two main supports 2, set up in the first fixed bolster 1 of main support 2 side and set up in the second fixed bolster 12 of main support 2 rear surface, draw-in groove 11 has been seted up to main support 2 both sides, draw-in groove 11 is passed at the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4, and the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4 are provided with the fixed terminal 3 that is used for advancing line location to wave detector dead lever 4, the top of first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all rotates through the round pin axle and installs on main support 2, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt.
First fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt the push rod of electrical control length, wherein, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all include mobile jib 101 and assist pole 102, first cavity 13 and second cavity 14 have been seted up to mobile jib 101 inside, the inside motor 17 that sets up of first cavity 13, the inside threaded rod 15 that is provided with of second cavity 14, the one end of threaded rod 15 and the output shaft of motor 17, assist pole 102 registrate in second cavity 14, assist the nested lead screw cover 16 that has in pole 102 top, threaded rod 15 passes lead screw cover 16, assist pole 102 and adopt hollow out construction.
The detection mechanism comprises a detection device and a connecting device, the detection device is arranged on the front surface of the detector fixing rod through the connecting device, the detection device is provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with a plurality of detection devices, and the detection devices in the same group are distributed at equal intervals.
The detector device adopts a three-component geophone 10, and the connecting device adopts a spring 9.
The seismic source mechanism comprises an impact seismic source 6, a mounting plate 7 used for mounting the impact seismic source 6 and a hydraulic cylinder used for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate 7 and the impact seismic source 6, seismic source mechanical arms 5 are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate 7, a fixed clamping piece 8 is arranged on the inner side of the main support 2, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm 5 is rotatably mounted on the fixed clamping piece 8 through a pin shaft.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a concrete structure of a coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device, as shown in fig. 1-3, which comprises a seismic source mechanism, a detection mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein:
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism;
the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism.
The supporting mechanism includes two parallel arrangement's main support 2, set up the wave detector dead lever 4 between two main supports 2, set up in the first fixed bolster 1 of main support 2 side and set up in the second fixed bolster 12 of main support 2 rear surface, draw-in groove 11 has been seted up to main support 2 both sides, draw-in groove 11 is passed at the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4, and the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4 are provided with the fixed terminal 3 that is used for advancing line location to wave detector dead lever 4, the top of first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all rotates through the round pin axle and installs on main support 2, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt.
First fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt the push rod of electrical control length, wherein, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all include mobile jib 101 and assist pole 102, first cavity 13 and second cavity 14 have been seted up to mobile jib 101 inside, the inside motor 17 that sets up of first cavity 13, the inside threaded rod 15 that is provided with of second cavity 14, the one end of threaded rod 15 and the output shaft of motor 17, assist pole 102 registrate in second cavity 14, assist the nested lead screw cover 16 that has in pole 102 top, threaded rod 15 passes lead screw cover 16, assist pole 102 and adopt hollow out construction.
The detection mechanism comprises a detection device and a connecting device, the detection device is arranged on the front surface of the detector fixing rod through the connecting device, the detection device is provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with a plurality of detection devices, and the detection devices in the same group are distributed at equal intervals.
The detector device adopts a three-component geophone 10, and the connecting device adopts an electric push rod.
The seismic source mechanism comprises an impact seismic source 6, a mounting plate 7 used for mounting the impact seismic source 6 and a hydraulic cylinder used for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate 7 and the impact seismic source 6, seismic source mechanical arms 5 are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate 7, a fixed clamping piece 8 is arranged on the inner side of the main support 2, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm 5 is rotatably mounted on the fixed clamping piece 8 through a pin shaft.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a concrete structure of a coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device, as shown in fig. 1, the coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device comprises a seismic source mechanism, a detection mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein:
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism;
the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism.
The supporting mechanism includes two parallel arrangement's main support 2, set up the wave detector dead lever 4 between two main supports 2, set up in the first fixed bolster 1 of main support 2 side and set up in the second fixed bolster 12 of main support 2 rear surface, draw-in groove 11 has been seted up to main support 2 both sides, draw-in groove 11 is passed at the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4, and the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4 are provided with the fixed terminal 3 that is used for advancing line location to wave detector dead lever 4, the top of first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all rotates through the round pin axle and installs on main support 2, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt.
The first fixing support 1 and the second fixing support 12 both adopt hydraulic rods for adjusting the length hydraulically.
The detection mechanism comprises a detection device and a connecting device, the detection device is arranged on the front surface of the detector fixing rod through the connecting device, the detection device is provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with a plurality of detection devices, and the detection devices in the same group are distributed at equal intervals.
The detector device adopts a three-component geophone 10, and the connecting device adopts a spring 9.
The seismic source mechanism comprises an impact seismic source 6, a mounting plate 7 used for mounting the impact seismic source 6 and a hydraulic cylinder used for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate 7 and the impact seismic source 6, seismic source mechanical arms 5 are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate 7, a fixed clamping piece 8 is arranged on the inner side of the main support 2, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm 5 is rotatably mounted on the fixed clamping piece 8 through a pin shaft.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a concrete structure of a coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device, as shown in fig. 1, the coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device comprises a seismic source mechanism, a detection mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein:
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves, the detection mechanism is used for detecting echo signals of the seismic source waves emitted by the seismic source mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism;
the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism.
The supporting mechanism includes two parallel arrangement's main support 2, set up the wave detector dead lever 4 between two main supports 2, set up in the first fixed bolster 1 of main support 2 side and set up in the second fixed bolster 12 of main support 2 rear surface, draw-in groove 11 has been seted up to main support 2 both sides, draw-in groove 11 is passed at the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4, and the both ends of wave detector dead lever 4 are provided with the fixed terminal 3 that is used for advancing line location to wave detector dead lever 4, the top of first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all rotates through the round pin axle and installs on main support 2, first fixed bolster 1 and second fixed bolster 12 all adopt.
The first fixed support 1 and the second fixed support 12 both adopt movable rods with manually adjusted lengths.
The detection mechanism comprises a detection device and a connecting device, the detection device is arranged on the front surface of the detector fixing rod through the connecting device, the detection device is provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with a plurality of detection devices, and the detection devices in the same group are distributed at equal intervals.
The detector device adopts a three-component geophone 10, and the connecting device adopts a spring 9 or an electric push rod.
The seismic source mechanism comprises an impact seismic source 6, a mounting plate 7 used for mounting the impact seismic source 6 and a hydraulic cylinder used for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate 7 and the impact seismic source 6, seismic source mechanical arms 5 are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate 7, a fixed clamping piece 8 is arranged on the inner side of the main support 2, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm 5 is rotatably mounted on the fixed clamping piece 8 through a pin shaft.
By combining the real-time embodiment 1-embodiment 4, the lengths of the first fixing support 1 and the second fixing support 12 can be adjusted, so that the lengths of the first fixing support 1 and the second fixing support 12 can be adjusted according to the terrain of site construction to match with the terrain, the application range of the device is widened, and the first fixing support 1 and the second fixing support 12 can be more conveniently carried when being contracted;
with reference to the real-time embodiments 1-4, when the spring 9 is adopted as the connecting device for mounting the wave detection device and the detector fixing rod 4, the device is more convenient to mount, the attachment of the wave detection device to the working surface can be ensured due to the elastic force of the spring 9, and when the electric push rod is adopted as the connecting device for mounting the wave detection device and the detector fixing rod 4, the extrusion force between all the wave detection devices and the working surface can be consistent, so that the echo signal detected by the wave detection device is more accurate;
the device in the embodiment 1-embodiment 4 makes up the blank of a roadway true three-dimensional advanced geological prediction three-component seismic detecting instrument at the present stage, and can realize three-dimensional multi-component seismic data acquisition of non-abnormal bodies such as a fracture fault development area, a karst area, a gas enrichment area and the like in front of a working face; the problems of long artificial detection period, high cost, large influence on construction progress, poor data consistency and the like of conventional roadway advanced prediction are solved, the three-dimensional seismic observation system is adopted to automatically and quickly arrange and the high-power hammering seismic source based on hydraulic drive is used for exciting seismic wavelets, the detection cost is reduced, and the detection repeatability is provided.
The impact seismic sources 6 in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention all adopt hammering seismic sources based on hydraulic drive, the range of excitation energy is 400-700J, the frequency range of the excited seismic wavelet is 10-200 Hz, and the invention has high explosion-proof performance, low cost and strong detection repeatability.
The three-component geophone 10 in embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention has a frequency band range of 0.5 Hz-500 Hz, can realize full-wave seismic data acquisition, and is beneficial to high-precision imaging of an abnormal body.
The working principle is as follows: referring to fig. 1-3, firstly, the supporting mechanism is placed at the position of a working surface in a coal roadway, two main brackets 2 on the supporting mechanism are parallel to the working surface in the coal roadway, the first fixing bracket 1 and the second fixing bracket 12 are rotated, the lengths of the first fixing bracket 1 and the second fixing bracket 12 are adjusted simultaneously, the first fixing bracket 1 and the second fixing bracket 12 support and fix the two main brackets 2, at the moment, the wave detection device is pressed on the working surface in the coal roadway through the action of a spring 9 or an electric push rod, then, the seismic source mechanism is started, the seismic source mechanism impacts the working surface in the coal roadway to emit seismic waves, and the wave detection device detects seismic source echoes, so that geological data of the direction of the working surface in the coal roadway is detected.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a coal tunnel forecast collection system in advance, its be applied to before the tunnelling of coal tunnel and the tunnelling in-process accuracy pinpoint the spatial position, lithology parameter and the geological structure information in the unfavorable geological region in front of the working face, its characterized in that: the coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device comprises a seismic source mechanism, a detection mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein the seismic source mechanism and the detection mechanism are both arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the coal roadway advanced forecasting and collecting device comprises:
the supporting mechanism comprises two main supports arranged in parallel, a detector fixing rod arranged between the two main supports, a first fixing support arranged on the side faces of the main supports and a second fixing support arranged on the rear surface of the main supports, clamping grooves are formed in two sides of the main supports, two ends of the detector fixing rod penetrate through the clamping grooves, fixing terminals used for positioning the detector fixing rod are arranged at two ends of the detector fixing rod, the tops of the first fixing support and the second fixing support are rotatably installed on the main supports through pin shafts, and the first fixing support and the second fixing support are both adopted;
the seismic source mechanism is used for emitting seismic source waves and comprises an impact seismic source, a mounting plate for mounting the impact seismic source and a hydraulic cylinder for providing impulsive force and connecting the mounting plate and the impact seismic source, seismic source mechanical arms are arranged at two ends of the mounting plate, a fixed clamping piece is arranged on the inner side of the main support, and one end of each seismic source mechanical arm is rotatably mounted on the fixed clamping piece through a pin shaft;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting an echo signal of a seismic source wave emitted by the seismic source mechanism, the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the detection mechanism, the detection mechanism comprises a detection device and a connecting device, the detection device is installed on the front surface of the detector fixing rod through the connecting device, the detection device is provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with a plurality of detection devices, the detection devices in the same group are distributed at equal intervals, and the connecting device adopts a spring or an electric push rod;
the working face is a plane, and the working face is perpendicular to the axis direction of the coal roadway.
2. The advanced forecasting and collecting device for the coal roadway as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first fixing support and the second fixing support are both hydraulic rods for hydraulically adjusting the length, push rods for electrically adjusting the length or movable rods for manually adjusting the length.
3. The advanced forecasting and collecting device for the coal roadway as claimed in claim 2, wherein: first fixed bolster with the second fixed bolster all adopts the push rod of electrical control length, wherein, first fixed bolster with the second fixed bolster all includes the mobile jib and assists the pole, first cavity and second cavity have been seted up to the mobile jib inside, the inside motor that sets up of first cavity, the inside threaded rod that is provided with of second cavity, the one end of threaded rod with the output shaft of motor, it fits to assist the pole in the second cavity, it has the lead screw cover to assist the nested lead screw cover in pole top, the threaded rod passes the lead screw cover, it adopts hollow out construction to assist the pole.
4. The advanced forecasting and collecting device for the coal roadway as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the detector adopts a three-component geophone, and the connecting device adopts a spring or an electric push rod.
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