CN110673203B - TBM tunnel advance forecast collection system - Google Patents
TBM tunnel advance forecast collection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110673203B CN110673203B CN201910993605.8A CN201910993605A CN110673203B CN 110673203 B CN110673203 B CN 110673203B CN 201910993605 A CN201910993605 A CN 201910993605A CN 110673203 B CN110673203 B CN 110673203B
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- seismic source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, which comprises a seismic source component for emitting seismic source waves, a detection component for detecting seismic source echoes and a supporting component for supporting and fixing the detection component, wherein the supporting component comprises a base, a support component, a power supply component and a power supply component, wherein the power supply component is used for supplying power to the detection component, the support component is used for supporting and fixing the power supply component, the power supply component comprises a power supply component, the power supply component is used for supplying power to the power supply component, and the power supply component is used for supplying power to the power supply component, the power supply component is used for supplying power to the TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, and the power supply component comprises: the supporting component comprises a central bracket and a plurality of supporting arms arranged at one end of the central bracket, and the supporting arms are rotatably connected to the central bracket through bearings; the detection assembly is positioned at one end of the supporting assembly, which is far away from the supporting arm, the device is suitable for tunnel advanced prediction and acquisition, the detection assembly which is parallel to the tunnel face and is attached to the tunnel face is adopted for seismic source echo detection, the traditional drilling detection thought is abandoned, the limitation of the TBM tunnel on the use of a drilling arrangement seismic source and a detector is solved, and the influence on surrounding rock segments is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a TBM tunnel advanced prediction acquisition device.
Background
The tunnel engineering is high-cost and high-risk hidden underground engineering, and before and during tunnel excavation, if bad geological structures such as karst, faults, broken zones and the like exist in a construction area, deformation and instability of surrounding rocks are easily caused, so that tunnel geological disasters such as tunnel collapse, water inrush and mud inrush, rockburst and the like are formed, and the property safety and the construction progress of personnel are greatly influenced. The tunnel geological advanced forecasting technology is a main means for reducing tunnel geological disasters, and the influence of bad geological bodies on tunnel construction safety is reduced by detecting the structure of a geological body in front of a tunnel before and during tunnel construction. The seismic detection technology is a main technology for the prior tunnel geological advanced prediction due to the large detection range and high detection precision. The design of the detection instrument meets the requirements of detection technology, and reasonable data acquisition equipment is the premise of realizing high-precision detection;
the existing data acquisition instrument used by the tunnel advanced prediction technology based on seismic exploration is designed for detecting the tunnel wall, and can realize high-precision data acquisition to a certain extent, however, due to the influence of the propagation rule of the tunnel seismic wave field, the seismic data acquisition instruments for detecting the tunnel wall such as TSP and the like need to arrange drill holes with certain depth on the tunnel wall in the using process, and need to perform sealing, grouting and other treatments on the drill holes, so that the construction process is complicated, the mode of explosive source excitation is high in cost, the test repeatability is poor, and the tunnel wall can be damaged to a certain extent; secondly, in the tunnel constructed by the shield, the shield segments are mostly adopted to complete supporting, drilling and drilling repairing treatment on the segments are difficult, and construction is complicated, so that the arrangement of the detecting instruments on the tunnel wall is limited; thirdly, the propagation rule of the tunnel seismic wave field shows that compared with the reflection information of the geologic body in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel received on the tunnel wall, the reflection information received on the face has larger data volume, higher reliability and higher data frequency, which is beneficial to imaging of the abnormal body, but at the present stage, no seismic instrument specially suitable for collecting the face data exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an advanced prediction acquisition device for a TBM tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device comprises a seismic source assembly for emitting seismic source waves, a detection assembly for detecting seismic source echoes, and a supporting assembly for supporting and fixing the detection assembly, wherein:
the supporting assembly comprises a central support and a plurality of supporting arms arranged at one end of the central support, and the supporting arms are rotatably connected to the central support through bearings;
the detection assembly is located at one end of the support assembly, which is far away from the support arm.
Preferably, the detection assembly comprises a jacking piece and a detector, the jacking piece is arranged at one end, far away from the supporting arm, of the central support, the detector is arranged on the jacking piece, and the jacking piece is used for jacking and attaching the detector to the tunnel face.
Preferably, the jacking part comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a fixing device, the fixing device comprises a workpiece sleeved with a bearing and a plurality of fixing rods, the fixing rods are distributed on the surface of the workpiece in a circular array mode, the bearing is further nested on a port of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the detector is vertically fixed on the surface of the fixing rod at equal intervals through bolts.
Preferably, the jacking part comprises a spring and a fixing device, the fixing device comprises a workpiece sleeved with a bearing and a plurality of fixing rods, the fixing rods are distributed on the surface of the workpiece in a circular array mode, the bearing is nested at one end of the central support, the spring is distributed on the surface of the fixing rods at equal intervals, and the detector is arranged on the spring.
Preferably, one end of the supporting arm is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on the central support.
Preferably, the supporting arm adopts a hydraulic rod for hydraulically adjusting the length, a push rod for electrically adjusting the length or a movable rod for manually adjusting the length.
Preferably, one end of the seismic source assembly is sleeved with a bearing, the bearing is sleeved on the central support, the seismic source assembly comprises a mechanical arm and an impact seismic source, the impact seismic source is used for hammering the face to generate seismic source waves, the mechanical arm is of a multi-section structure, the sections of the structure are rotatably connected through the bearing, a hydraulic rod is further arranged between the sections of the structure, on one hand, the hydraulic rod provides impact force for the impact seismic source, and on the other hand, the shape of the mechanical arm and the position of the impact seismic source are changed.
Preferably, the bearing is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotation position of the bearing.
According to the TBM tunnel advanced prediction acquisition device, the detection assembly which is parallel to the tunnel face and is attached to the tunnel face is adopted for detecting the seismic source echo, so that the real 3D reflection seismic data acquisition of abnormal bodies such as a fault and a broken zone in front of the tunnel face is realized, the problems of long time consumption and complex process of a conventional manual arrangement observation system are solved, the quick and accurate arrangement of a 3D observation system is realized, the detection cost is reduced, the detection repeatability is enhanced, the traditional drilling detection thought is abandoned, the limitation of TBM tunnels on the use of a drilling arrangement seismic source and a detector is solved, and the influence on surrounding rock segments is reduced;
the supporting arms in the supporting assembly can be adjusted in length, so that the device is suitable for tunnels with different sizes, and meanwhile, the supporting arms in the supporting assembly can be rotated on the central support to adjust the angle, so that the device can be adjusted in angle according to the actual internal conditions of the tunnels, and is convenient to support;
the detection assembly comprises a workpiece, a fixed rod and a detector, wherein the detector is fixed on the fixed rod, the fixed rod is rotatably arranged on the workpiece, so that the detection assembly can be folded and is convenient to carry when not in use, and the workpiece is rotatably arranged on the supporting assembly, so that the angle of the fixed rod can be changed by rotating the workpiece when the supporting position of the supporting assembly is not adjusted, the detection position of the detector is changed, and the detection data is more accurate due to the fact that the detection at different positions is carried out for multiple times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an advanced prediction acquisition device for a TBM tunnel according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a supporting arm structure in an embodiment 3 of the advanced prediction acquisition apparatus for a TBM tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a detection assembly in an embodiment 2 of the advanced prediction acquisition device for a TBM tunnel according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a front view of a detection assembly in embodiment 2 of the advanced prediction acquisition device for a TBM tunnel according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a support assembly; 101. a central support; 102. a support arm; 2. a detection component; 201. a detector; 202. a jacking member; 3. a seismic source assembly; 301. a mechanical arm; 302. impacting a seismic source; 4. a first cavity; 5. a drive motor; 6. a partition plate; 7. a large arm; 8. a second cavity; 9. a screw rod sleeve; 10. a small arm; 11. a screw rod; 12. a hydraulic cylinder; 13. a workpiece; 14. and (5) fixing the rod.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the advanced prediction acquisition device for a TBM tunnel according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1. The advanced prediction acquisition device for the TBM tunnel is not limited to the description of the following embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a specific structure of a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, as shown in fig. 1, including a seismic source component 3 for emitting seismic source waves, a detection component 2 for detecting seismic source echoes, and a support component 1 for supporting and fixing the detection component 2, wherein:
the supporting assembly 1 comprises a central bracket 101 and a plurality of supporting arms 102 arranged at one end of the central bracket 101, and the supporting arms 102 are rotatably connected to the central bracket 101 through bearings;
the detection assembly 2 is located at an end of the support assembly 1 remote from the support arm 102.
Through adopting above-mentioned device to realize the real 3D reflection seismic data collection of anomalous bodies such as tunnel face the place ahead fault, broken area, it is long to solve the conventional manual work and arrange observation system and consume time, the loaded down with trivial details problem of process, realize that 3D observation system's is quick, accurate laying, the detection cost is reduced, the repeatability of detecting has been strengthened, the thought of traditional detection of punching has been abandoned, the restriction of TBM type tunnel to punching arrangement focus and detector use has been solved, reduce the influence to the country rock section of jurisdiction.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a specific structure of a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, as shown in fig. 1, including a seismic source component 3 for emitting seismic source waves, a detection component 2 for detecting seismic source echoes, and a support component 1 for supporting and fixing the detection component 2, wherein:
the supporting assembly 1 comprises a central bracket 101 and a plurality of supporting arms 102 arranged at one end of the central bracket 101, and the supporting arms 102 are rotatably connected to the central bracket 101 through bearings;
the detection assembly 2 is located at an end of the support assembly 1 remote from the support arm 102.
The detection assembly 2 comprises a jacking piece 202 and a detector 201, the jacking piece 202 is arranged at one end, far away from the supporting arm 102, of the central support 101, the detector 201 is arranged on the jacking piece 202, and the jacking piece 202 is used for jacking and attaching the detector 201 to the tunnel face.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the pressing member 202 includes a hydraulic cylinder 12 and a fixing device, the fixing device includes a workpiece 13 sleeved with a bearing and a plurality of fixing rods 14, the plurality of fixing rods 14 are distributed on the surface of the workpiece 13 in a circular array, the bearing is further embedded on a hydraulic rod port of the hydraulic cylinder 12, the detector 201 is vertically fixed on the surface of the fixing rod 14 through bolts at equal intervals, when the hydraulic cylinder 12 operates, the workpiece 13 and the fixing rod 14 can be pushed to move towards the tunnel face, and in the moving process, the joint pressure between the detector 201 on the fixing rod 14 and the tunnel face can be realized by adjusting the pushing distance of the hydraulic cylinder 12, so that the detector 201 can conveniently perform echo detection.
One end of the supporting arm 102 is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on the central bracket 101.
The support arm 102 is a hydraulic rod for hydraulically adjusting the length.
One end of the seismic source assembly 3 is sleeved with a bearing, the bearing is sleeved on the central support 101, the seismic source assembly 3 comprises a mechanical arm 301 and an impact seismic source 302, the impact seismic source 302 is used for hammering a tunnel face to generate seismic source waves, the mechanical arm 301 adopts a multi-section structure, each section of structure is rotatably connected through the bearing, a hydraulic rod is further arranged between each section of structure, on one hand, the hydraulic rod provides impact force for the impact seismic source 302, and on the other hand, the shape of the mechanical arm 301 and the position of the impact seismic source 302 are changed.
The bearing is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotation position of the bearing.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a specific structure of a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, as shown in fig. 1, including a seismic source component 3 for emitting seismic source waves, a detection component 2 for detecting seismic source echoes, and a support component 1 for supporting and fixing the detection component 2, wherein:
the supporting assembly 1 comprises a central bracket 101 and a plurality of supporting arms 102 arranged at one end of the central bracket 101, and the supporting arms 102 are rotatably connected to the central bracket 101 through bearings;
the detection assembly 2 is located at an end of the support assembly 1 remote from the support arm 102.
The detection assembly 2 comprises a jacking piece 202 and a detector 201, the jacking piece 202 is arranged at one end, far away from the supporting arm 102, of the central support 101, the detector 201 is arranged on the jacking piece 202, and the jacking piece 202 is used for jacking and attaching the detector 201 to the tunnel face.
One end of the supporting arm 102 is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on the central bracket 101.
Referring to fig. 2, the supporting arm 102 is a push rod with an electric length being adjusted, the supporting arm 102 includes a large arm 7 and a small arm 10, a second cavity 8 is formed at the bottom of the large arm 7, a first cavity 4 is formed at the top of the second cavity 8 through a partition plate 6, a driving motor 5 is arranged inside the first cavity 4, the small arm 10 is inserted into the second cavity 8, the small arm 10 is of a hollow structure, a lead screw sleeve 9 is nested at one end of the small arm 10, a lead screw 11 is arranged on a central axis of the second cavity 8, one end of the lead screw 11 is connected with an output end of the driving motor 5, the other end of the lead screw 11 penetrates through the lead screw sleeve 9 and extends into the small arm 10, and the cross section of the cavity 8 and the cross section of the small arm 10 are not circular;
when the driving motor 5 is operated, the screw rod 11 rotates, and the small arm 10 moves inside the second cavity 8 due to the screw rod sleeve 9, thereby achieving the effect of changing the effective supporting length of the whole supporting arm 102.
One end of the seismic source assembly 3 is sleeved with a bearing, the bearing is sleeved on the central support 101, the seismic source assembly 3 comprises a mechanical arm 301 and an impact seismic source 302, the impact seismic source 302 is used for hammering a tunnel face to generate seismic source waves, the mechanical arm 301 adopts a multi-section structure, each section of structure is rotatably connected through the bearing, a hydraulic rod is further arranged between each section of structure, on one hand, the hydraulic rod provides impact force for the impact seismic source 302, and on the other hand, the shape of the mechanical arm 301 and the position of the impact seismic source 302 are changed.
The bearing is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotation position of the bearing.
In the combined embodiment 2-3, the concrete structure of the fixing rod 14 and the workpiece 13 is as follows:
one end of a workpiece 13 close to the tunnel face is provided with a groove, the groove extends the side wall of the workpiece 13, a fixing rod 14 is inserted in the groove and is rotatably installed in the groove through a pin shaft, the fixing rod 14 can rotate due to the structural arrangement, the range of the rotation angle of the fixing rod 14 is 0-90 degrees, the rotation angle of the fixing rod 14 is 0 degree, the fixing rod 14 is perpendicular to the end face of the workpiece 13, the fixing rod 14 is in an idle accommodating state at the moment and is convenient to carry, when the rotation angle of the fixing rod 14 is 90 degrees, the fixing rod 14 is parallel to the end face of the workpiece 13, the fixing rod 14 is in an operating state at the moment, and the device is convenient to carry and use due to two different states.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a specific structure of a TBM tunnel advance forecast acquisition device, as shown in fig. 1, including a seismic source component 3 for emitting seismic source waves, a detection component 2 for detecting seismic source echoes, and a support component 1 for supporting and fixing the detection component 2, wherein:
the supporting assembly 1 comprises a central bracket 101 and a plurality of supporting arms 102 arranged at one end of the central bracket 101, and the supporting arms 102 are rotatably connected to the central bracket 101 through bearings;
the detection assembly 2 is located at an end of the support assembly 1 remote from the support arm 102.
The detection assembly 2 comprises a jacking piece 202 and a detector 201, the jacking piece 202 is arranged at one end, far away from the supporting arm 102, of the central support 101, the detector 201 is arranged on the jacking piece 202, and the jacking piece 202 is used for jacking and attaching the detector 201 to the tunnel face.
One end of the supporting arm 102 is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on the central bracket 101.
The support arm 102 is a movable rod whose length is manually adjusted.
One end of the seismic source assembly 3 is sleeved with a bearing, the bearing is sleeved on the central support 101, the seismic source assembly 3 comprises a mechanical arm 301 and an impact seismic source 302, the impact seismic source 302 is used for hammering a tunnel face to generate seismic source waves, the mechanical arm 301 adopts a multi-section structure, each section of structure is rotatably connected through the bearing, a hydraulic rod is further arranged between each section of structure, on one hand, the hydraulic rod provides impact force for the impact seismic source 302, and on the other hand, the shape of the mechanical arm 301 and the position of the impact seismic source 302 are changed.
The seismic source assembly 3 may also be provided separately from the support assembly 1.
The bearing is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotation position of the bearing.
The impact seismic sources 302 in embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention all use controllable mechanical impact seismic sources, the repetition frequency is 1 to 60 times/second, the excitation energy is 2000-4000J, and the seismic wavelet band range is 10 to 1200 Hz.
The geophone 201 in embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention adopts two longitudinal wave geophones of high main frequency, wide frequency band triangular frame type and disc type, and the frequency band range of seismic waves is 10 to 1500 Hz.
The working principle is as follows: referring to fig. 1, firstly, the fixed rod 14 is rotated by 90 degrees, so that the surface of the fixed rod 14 is parallel to the tunnel face, the detector 201 on the fixed rod 14 is pressed against the tunnel face by the pushing of the spring or the hydraulic cylinder 12, then the supporting arm 102 is rotated, the effective length of the supporting arm 102 is adjusted according to the diameter of the tunnel, so that the supporting arm 102 is supported on the rock mass with the tunnel inner wall perpendicular to the tunnel face, and when the mechanical arm 301 pushes the impact seismic source 302 to send out impact waves to the tunnel face, the detector 201 detects echo of the seismic source, thereby realizing the detection of geological data in the tunnel face direction.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a TBM tunnel advance forecast collection system which characterized in that: the device comprises a seismic source assembly for emitting seismic source waves, a detection assembly for detecting seismic source echoes, and a supporting assembly for supporting and fixing the detection assembly, wherein:
the supporting assembly comprises a central support and a plurality of supporting arms arranged at one end of the central support, and the supporting arms are rotatably connected to the central support through bearings;
the detection assembly is positioned at one end of the support assembly far away from the support arm;
the detection assembly comprises a jacking part and a detector, the jacking part is arranged at one end of the central support far away from the supporting arm, the detector is arranged on the jacking part, and the jacking part is used for jacking and attaching the detector to the tunnel face;
the top pressing piece comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a fixing device, the fixing device comprises a workpiece sleeved with a bearing and a plurality of fixing rods, the fixing rods are distributed on the surface of the workpiece in a circular array, the bearing is further nested on a hydraulic rod port of the hydraulic cylinder, and the detector is vertically fixed on the surface of the fixing rods at equal intervals through bolts;
the top pressing piece comprises a spring and a fixing device, the fixing device comprises a workpiece sleeved with a bearing and a plurality of fixing rods, the fixing rods are distributed on the surface of the workpiece in a circular array mode, the bearing is nested at one end of the central support, the spring is distributed on the surface of the fixing rods at equal intervals, and the detector is arranged on the spring.
2. The device for acquiring advanced forecast of TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the supporting arm is provided with a bearing which is sleeved on the central support.
3. The device for acquiring advanced forecast of TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting arm adopts a hydraulic rod for hydraulically adjusting the length, a push rod for electrically adjusting the length or a movable rod for manually adjusting the length.
4. The device for acquiring advanced forecast of TBM tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the seismic source assembly comprises a mechanical arm and an impact seismic source, the impact seismic source is used for hammering the tunnel face to send out seismic source waves, the mechanical arm is of a multi-section structure, each section of structure is rotatably connected through a bearing, a hydraulic rod is further arranged between each section of structure, on one hand, the hydraulic rod provides impact force for the impact seismic source, and on the other hand, the shape of the mechanical arm and the position of the impact seismic source are changed.
5. The device for acquiring the advanced forecast of the TBM tunnel according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: and the bearing is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotation position of the bearing.
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| CN112415575A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-02-26 | 山东大学 | Auxiliary signal acquisition device and system for double-shield TBM seismic wave advanced detection |
| CN114200513B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-05-05 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Three-dimensional advanced geological forecasting device for long distance tunnel |
| CN116953776B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-12 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Advanced geological forecasting device for tunnel |
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