CN106703822B - Elastic wave reflection method device installed on shield tunneling machine and measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Elastic wave reflection method device installed on shield tunneling machine and measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106703822B CN106703822B CN201710129296.0A CN201710129296A CN106703822B CN 106703822 B CN106703822 B CN 106703822B CN 201710129296 A CN201710129296 A CN 201710129296A CN 106703822 B CN106703822 B CN 106703822B
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/159—Generating seismic energy using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive driving means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
An elastic wave reflection method device and its measuring method installed on shield machine, wherein the device includes shock exciter, detector, elastic device, wire and cutter head of the shield machine, shock exciter and detector can be arranged along the circumference of cutter head or along the radius direction; the measuring method comprises the following steps: the measuring method is characterized in that a cutter head rotation measuring mode is adopted, the vibration exciter and the wave detector measure at regular intervals, namely one measuring point, and circular measuring section data formed by a plurality of measuring points can form a cylindrical or conical time section diagram after being processed. The invention solves the problems that the forecasting work can be carried out by various methods when the drilling and blasting method is used for excavating at present, but the front of a tunneling cutterhead cannot be operated by people when a shield machine is used for construction, and the industry hopes that equipment is arranged on the shield machine for automatic operation; the invention solves the problem that the elements for exploration are worn quickly if the elements for exploration are arranged on the cutter head when objects such as sand, soil, water, foam and the like are filled in front of the cutter head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction geological forecast of highways, railway tunnels, subways, hydropower and water conservancy water delivery tunnels and the like, in particular to an elastic wave reflection method device arranged on a shield tunneling machine and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The geological forecast in front of the tunnel face during the construction of the tunnel and cave is an important work. At present, various methods are available for forecasting work during excavation by a drilling and blasting method, but during construction by a shield machine, people cannot enter the front of a tunneling cutter head to operate, the equipment is expected to be installed on the shield machine to operate automatically, objects such as sand, soil, water, foam and the like are filled in the front of the cutter head, and if an element for exploration is installed on the cutter head, the element can be worn quickly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a novel elastic wave reflection method device installed on a shield tunneling machine and an installation method thereof, and solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an elastic wave reflection method device installed on a shield machine comprises a shock absorber, a detector, an elastic device, a lead and a cutter head of the shield machine, wherein a drill hole is formed in the back of the cutter head, the drill hole is 5-10 cm away from the cutter head surface and cannot penetrate through the cutter head, the shock absorber and the detector are installed in the drill hole, and shock and receiving are towards the tunneling direction;
the elastic device tightly supports the vibration exciter and the detector on the cutter head from the back, so that the vibration exciter and the detector cannot move freely; the front end of the detector receives a vibration signal, and is coated with a couplant material to serve as a couplant between the detector and the bottom of a drill hole of the cutter head in front; the lead is led out of the cutter head;
the arrangement form of the shock exciter and the geophone arrangement comprises the following steps:
a. the detectors and the shock exciters face the front tunnel face and are parallel to the central line direction of the tunnel;
b. the vibration exciter is arranged in the middle of the cutter head in the radial direction, the detectors are respectively arranged at intervals of 25-60 cm on two sides of the cutter head in the radial direction, and the detectors face the direction parallel to the center line of the tunnel in the front; or one detector faces the front, and one detector is deviated to the edge of the cutter head by 5-7 degrees;
c. and in cooperation with one of the 2 modes, the other group of devices is arranged along the radius direction of the cutter head, the vibration exciter is arranged in the middle, detectors are respectively arranged at 25-60 cm of two sides of the vibration exciter along the radius direction of the cutter head, the detectors face the outer edge direction of the cutter head at an angle of 5-10 degrees and 7-15 degrees, and the vibration exciter faces the outer edge direction of the cutter head at an angle of 1/2 degrees of 2 detectors.
The elastic device is a spring, and the couplant material is butter or vaseline.
The elastic device is used for tightly abutting the vibration exciter and the detector on the cutter head through the elastic device, the hard tube and the rear cover from the back.
The lead wire is guided to the main shaft of blade disc from the blade disc, bore the clearing hole of wire in the main shaft, the clearing hole is 2, one the hole is through controlling the strong current wire of shock absorber, one the hole is through the weak current wire of wave detector connection host computer.
The lead wire is guided to the main shaft of blade disc from the blade disc the through hole of wire has been bored in the main shaft, the through hole is 1, will connect the weak current wire of wave detector and the connection forceful electric power the vibrator wire is synthetic a set of to be passed through, will weak current wire adds the shielding layer, avoids the forceful electric power pulse to produce electromagnetic interference.
The shock exciter is a shock exciter with giant magnetostrictive vibrators connected in parallel; the detector is a high-resolution detector for seismic exploration and works in a single-point continuous section mode.
A measuring method of an elastic wave reflection method device installed on a shield machine comprises the following steps:
a cutter head rotation measuring mode is adopted, the cutter head runs at the rotation speed of 0.2-0.5 cycle/minute, the vibration exciter and the detector rotate for a certain distance for measuring once at certain angle intervals, the vibration exciting interval time of the vibration exciter is set according to the rotation linear speed of the cutter head, namely a measuring point is set, and the measuring point distance is determined; the cutter head rotates for 360 degrees in a circle, so that a circular measuring section formed by a plurality of measuring points can be completed, and a cylindrical or conical time section diagram can be formed after data processing.
When the forecast measurement is not carried out, the lead is separated from the lead led out of the host machine, so that the lead is prevented from being wound when the cutter head of the shield machine is driven to work; the lead is connected with the lead led out of the host by manpower or a mechanical arm during measurement; after the measurement, the film is separated manually or by a mechanical arm.
In order to measure the wave velocity of the soil body and the rock body in front of the tunnel face, a method that the shock exciter is arranged on the side wall to shock towards the front of the excavation face is adopted:
a, arranging 3-4 detectors facing to the direction of a tunnel face at two sides of the shock exciter to form a short measuring line, wherein the shock exciter and the detectors are arranged on a support and are pressed on a side wall manually or by a mechanical arm, the shock exciter vibrates along the direction facing to the tunnel face, namely the direction parallel to the center line, and the detectors measure reflected waves from the direction of the tunnel face;
B. the measured lead is always communicated with the host;
C. during measurement, the host gives a vibration exciting signal, and the vibration exciter excites vibration and gives a signal to be acquired;
and D, combining with the measurement result arranged on the cutter head to calculate the wave velocity.
The connection and mutual control signals of the circuit are as follows in sequence:
a. the shield machine rotates and measures the host computer and starts:
b. after the shield machine is prepared, the shield machine signals the measurement host;
c. the measurement host starts to send a signal to the shield tunneling machine and simultaneously sends a starting signal to the shock exciter;
d. the shield machine rotates and gives a corner signal to the measuring host;
e. the measuring host gives out an excitation signal to the 1 st group of the arrayed vibrators, the vibrators give out a vibration success signal to the measuring host, the measuring host gives out a measuring starting signal, and the measuring host starts to receive the signals of the detectors on the two sides of the 1 st group of the arrayed vibrators after adding a determined delay;
f. the shield machine continuously sends a rotating angle signal, after the shield machine rotates for a certain angle, the measurement host machine gives out a shock excitation signal to the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers according to a preset angle and time, the shock absorbers give out a shock excitation success signal to the measurement host machine, the measurement host machine gives out a measurement starting signal, and the detector signals on two sides of the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers are received after a certain delay is added;
g. c-e is returned to be repeated until the shield machine rotates 360 degrees;
h. and releasing the line connection of the measuring host machine, the shock exciter and the 4 detectors on the cutter head, and starting to work at the wave velocity of the side wall.
The shock exciter with the giant magnetostrictive vibrators connected in parallel is disclosed in the Chinese invention patent (patent number: 201110430481.6); the high-resolution geophone for seismic exploration in the patent is disclosed in Chinese utility model patent (patent number: 201020260262.9). The invention aims to provide a high-broadband elastic wave reflection method and an installation method thereof on a shield machine, so as to solve the problem of automatic measurement of installation equipment on the shield machine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) the invention adopts a vibrator (patent No. 201110430481.6) with a giant magnetostrictive vibrator connected in parallel as a seismic source, adopts a high-resolution detector (utility model patent No. 201020260262.9) for seismic exploration as a detector for receiving a vibration signal, and adopts a single-point continuous section form to work;
(2) drilling holes in the back of a cutter head of the shield tunneling machine, keeping the cutter head surface to be 5-10 cm non-drilled to serve as a protective layer, and installing a shock exciter and a detector, wherein the shock exciter and the detector face towards the tunneling direction;
(3) after the vibration exciter and the detector are installed, the vibration exciter and the detector are tightly propped against the cutter head from the back by a spring, and the jacking force needs to be small, so that the vibration exciter and the detector cannot move freely. The front end of the detector receives the vibration signal, and is coated with a small amount of butter or vaseline as a coupling agent between the detector and the bottom of the front cutter hole.
(4) Make the mode of measuring when adopting the blade disc to rotate, for the lead wire winding of wave detector and shock absorber when avoiding the blade disc rotation, the lead wire leads to the main shaft of blade disc from the blade disc, has bored the wire clearing hole in the main shaft, and the clearing hole is provided with 2 kinds of modes:
A. drilling 2 through holes, wherein one hole is connected with a strong current lead of a control shock device, and the other hole is connected with a weak current lead of a host through a detector;
B. drilling a through hole, combining a weak current lead connected with a detector and a shock exciter lead connected with strong current into a group to pass through, and adding a shielding layer on the weak current lead to avoid electromagnetic interference generated by strong current pulse;
(5) when the forecast measurement is not carried out, the lead is separated from the lead led out of the host machine, so that the lead is prevented from being wound when the cutter head of the shield machine is in tunneling operation. Connecting the two sections of conducting wires by using a manual or mechanical arm during measurement; after the measurement, the film is separated manually or by a mechanical arm;
(6) the arrangement of the geophone and the shock exciter and the arrangement of each group of shock excitation points and geophone can be used in various forms
A. The vibration exciters are arranged in the middle of the cutter head in the circumferential direction, detectors are arranged on two sides of the vibration exciters at intervals of 25-40 cm, and the detectors and the vibration exciters face the front tunnel face and are parallel to the central line direction of the tunnel. And (3) adopting a cutter head rotation measuring mode, wherein the cutter head runs at the rotation speed of 0.2-0.5 cycle/minute, the vibration exciter and the detector rotate for a certain distance for measuring once at a certain angle, the vibration exciting interval time of the vibration exciter, namely a measuring point, is set according to the rotation linear speed of the cutter head, and the measuring point distance is determined. The cutter head rotates for 360 degrees for a circle, so that a circular measuring section formed by a plurality of measuring points can be completed, and a cylindrical or conical time section can be formed after data processing; when the data is explained, 2 horizontal measuring lines and 2 vertical measuring lines can be detached, and the spatial position of the reflecting surface is calculated by the existing method (patent of the invention, patent number: 201010266601.9);
B. the vibration exciter is arranged along the radius direction of the cutter head, the vibration exciter is arranged in the middle, detectors are respectively arranged at intervals of 25-60 cm along the two sides of the radius direction, the detectors face the direction which is right ahead and parallel to the center line direction of the tunnel, the cutter head rotates for a circle to measure a plurality of measuring points, the vibration exciting interval time of the vibration exciter is set according to the linear speed of the rotation of the cutter head, namely one measuring point, and the measuring point distance is determined; 2 circular measuring lines are formed, and can be disassembled into 4 horizontal measuring lines and 4 vertical measuring lines during data interpretation, and the spatial position of the reflecting surface is calculated by the existing method (patent of invention, patent number: 201010266601.9); one wave detector faces the front, one wave detector is deviated to the edge of the cutter head by 5-7 degrees, the cutter head rotates for one circle to measure a plurality of measuring points to form 2 circular measuring lines, a horizontal cylindrical time section and a conical cylindrical time section can be formed after data processing, and a geological section of a horizontal cylindrical surface and a conical cylindrical surface can be formed after data qualitative and quantitative explanation, wherein the geological section of the conical cylindrical surface obtained by the wave detector deviated to the edge of the cutter head can detect objects outside the contour of the tunnel, and objects about 4-6 m away from the periphery of the tunnel can be detected outside 50 m;
C. and (3) matching with one of the 2 modes, arranging another group of devices along the radius direction of the cutter head, arranging a vibration exciter in the middle, respectively arranging detectors at the two sides of the vibration exciter by 25-60 cm along the radius direction of the cutter head, wherein the detectors face to the outer edge direction of the cutter head and are respectively 5-10 degrees and 7-15 degrees, and the vibration exciter faces to the outer edge direction of the cutter head and is 1/2 of the sum of deflection angles of the detectors by 2 degrees. A cutter head rotates for a circle to measure a plurality of measuring points to form 2 circular sections, 2 conical barrel-shaped geological section maps can be formed after data processing, and information of objects about 4-15 m outside the outline of the tunnel with the outer diameter of 50m can be obtained from the geological section maps;
(7) in order to measure the wave velocity of the soil body and the rock body in front of the working face, a method that a shock exciter is arranged on a side wall to shock in front of an excavation face is adopted, 3-4 wave detectors facing to the working face direction are arranged on two sides of the shock exciter to form a short measuring line, the shock exciter and the wave detectors are arranged on a frame and are pressed on the side wall manually or by a mechanical arm, and the wave velocity is calculated by combining with a measuring result arranged on a cutter head (patent of the invention, patent number: 201010290400.2);
(8) the connection and mutual control signals of the circuit are as follows in sequence:
A. the shield machine rotates and measures the host computer and starts:
B. after the shield machine is prepared, signaling to a measurement host;
C. the host machine starts to send signals to the shield machine and simultaneously sends signals to the shock exciter to start;
D. the shield machine rotates and gives a corner signal to the host;
E. after determining the delay time according to the determined delay time, starting to receive detector signals on two sides of the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers;
F. the shield machine continuously sends a rotating angle signal, after rotating a certain angle, the host machine gives out a shock excitation signal to the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers according to a preset angle and time, the shock absorbers give out a shock excitation success signal to the host machine, the host machine gives out a measurement starting signal, and the detector signals on two sides of the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers are received after the determined delay time is added;
G. c-e is returned, and the steps are repeated until the shield machine rotates 360 degrees;
H. the line connection between the main machine and the shock exciter and the 4 detectors on the cutter head is released, and the side wall wave velocity measurement work is started;
(9) measuring the wave velocity of soil and rock mass in front of the tunnel face:
the method for measuring the wave velocity on the side wall behind the shield machine head is adopted:
A. the support containing the shock exciter and 3-4 detectors is pressed on the side wall through a human hand or a mechanical hand, the shock exciter excites along the midline direction, and the detectors measure reflected waves from the tunnel face direction.
B. The measured lead can be always communicated with the host;
C. during measurement, the host gives a vibration exciting signal, and the vibration exciter excites vibration and gives a signal to be collected.
The beneficial effects of the invention can be summarized as follows:
1. the invention solves the problems that various methods can be used for forecasting work when the drilling and blasting method is used for excavation at present, but people cannot enter the front of a tunneling cutterhead to operate when a shield machine is used for construction, and the industry hopes that equipment is installed on the shield machine to automatically operate.
2. The invention solves the problem that the elements for exploration are worn quickly if the elements for exploration are arranged on the cutter head when objects such as sand, soil, water, foam and the like are filled in front of the cutter head.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a section of a shock exciter and a detector mounted on a cutter head along the radius of the cutter head, the shock exciter and the detector being arranged along the radius of the cutter head, the shock exciter and the detector facing the direction of a parallel center line of a front face.
Wherein:
1, a detector;
2, a vibration exciter;
3, installing a borehole of the wave detector and the shock exciter;
4, a hard tube for propping against the detector;
5, stabilizing the springs after the wave detector and the shock exciter are installed;
6 a lead for communicating the shock exciter and the detector with the host;
7, mounting a shock exciter and a rear cover of a detector against the spring;
10, a cutter head;
the distance between the k-shock and the geophone.
FIG. 2 is a second cross-sectional view of the shock exciter and the detector mounted on the cutter head along the radius of the cutter head, the shock exciter and the detector being arranged along the radius of the cutter head, the shock exciter and the detector facing the edge of the tunnel.
Wherein:
1, a detector;
2, a vibration exciter;
3, installing a borehole of the wave detector and the shock exciter;
4, a hard tube for propping against the detector;
5, stabilizing the springs of the installed wave detector and the shock exciter;
6 a lead for communicating the shock exciter and the detector with the host;
7, mounting a shock exciter and a rear cover of a detector against the spring;
10, a cutter head;
the distance between the k-shock and the geophone.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a radial cross section of a vertical cutter head with a shock exciter and a detector mounted on the cutter head, the shock exciter and the detector being arranged in the radial direction of the vertical cutter head and facing the center line direction parallel to the center line of the front face.
Wherein
1, a detector;
2, a vibration exciter;
3, installing a borehole of the wave detector and the shock exciter;
4, a hard tube for propping against the detector;
5, stabilizing the springs of the installed wave detector and the shock exciter;
6 a lead for communicating the shock exciter and the detector with the host;
7, the shock exciter and the detector prop against the rear cover of the spring;
10, a cutter head;
the distance between the k-shock and the geophone.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of shock excitation and reception.
Wherein:
1, a detector;
2, a vibration exciter;
11 measuring the surface;
12 reflective surface.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of a shock and a geophone for measuring wave velocity on a side wall.
Wherein:
1, a detector;
2, a vibration exciter;
3, installing a borehole of the wave detector and the shock exciter;
4, a hard tube for propping against the detector;
5, stabilizing the springs of the installed wave detector and the shock exciter;
6 a lead for communicating the shock exciter and the detector with the host;
7, the shock exciter and the detector prop against the rear cover of the spring;
8, a metal block excited in front of the exciter;
9, a bracket;
the distance between the k-shock and the geophone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The elastic wave reflection method device installed on the shield machine comprises a shock exciter 2, a detector 1, an elastic device 5, a lead 6 and a cutter head 10 of the shield machine, wherein a drill hole 3 is formed in the back of the cutter head 10, the distance between the drill hole 3 and the cutter head surface is 5-10 cm and cannot be drilled through the cutter head, the shock exciter 2 and the detector 1 are installed in the drill hole 3, and shock and receiving are towards the tunneling direction.
The elastic device 5 tightly supports the vibration exciter 2 and the detector 1 on the cutter head 10 from the back of the cutter head 10, so that the vibration exciter 2 and the detector 1 cannot move freely; the front end of the wave detector 1 receives a vibration signal, and is coated with a couplant material to serve as a couplant between the wave detector 1 and the bottom of the drill hole 3 of the cutter head 10 in front; the lead 6 is led out of the cutter head.
The arrangement form of the shock exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 comprises:
a. the detectors 1 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 10, the vibration exciter 2 is arranged in the middle, the distance between the two sides of the vibration exciter 2 is 25 cm-40 cm, and the detectors 1 and the vibration exciter 2 face the front tunnel face and are parallel to the central line direction of the tunnel;
b. the geophones are arranged along the radius direction of the cutter head 10, the vibration exciter 2 is arranged in the middle, the geophones 1 are respectively arranged at a distance of 25-60 cm along the two sides of the radius direction, and the geophones 1 face the direction parallel to the central line of the tunnel in the front; or one detector 1 faces forwards, and the other detector 1 is deviated towards the edge of the cutter head 10 by 5-7 degrees;
c. and in cooperation with one of the 2 modes, the other group of devices is arranged along the radius direction of the cutter head 10, the vibration exciter 2 is arranged in the middle, 25-60 cm of each detector 1 is arranged on each of two sides of the vibration exciter 2 along the radius direction of the cutter head 10, the two detectors 1 face the outer edge direction of the cutter head and are respectively 5-10 degrees and 7-15 degrees, and the vibration exciter 2 faces the outer edge direction of the cutter head and is 1/2 of the deviation angle sum of 2 detectors 1.
In a more preferred embodiment, the elastic means 5 is a spring and the couplant material is butter or vaseline.
In a more preferred embodiment, the elastic device 5 presses the vibration exciter 2 and the geophone 1 against the cutter head 10 from the back through the elastic device 5, the hard tube 4 and the back cover 7.
In a more preferred embodiment, the lead wire is led to a main shaft of the cutter head 10, through holes of wires 6 are drilled in the main shaft, the number of the through holes is 2, one through hole controls a strong current wire 6 of the vibrator 2, and one through hole is connected with a weak current wire 6 of a main machine through the detector 1.
In a more preferred embodiment, the lead is led from the cutter head 10 to a main shaft of the cutter head 10, through holes of a lead 6 are drilled in the main shaft, the number of the through holes is 1, the lead 6 connected with the geophone 1 and the lead 6 connected with the strong electric shock exciter 2 are combined into a group, and the weak electric lead 6 is added with a shielding layer to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by strong electric pulses.
In a more preferred embodiment, the vibration exciter 2 is a vibration exciter with giant magnetostrictive vibrators connected in parallel; the detector 1 is a high-resolution detector for seismic exploration and works in a single-point continuous section mode.
A measuring method of an elastic wave reflection method device installed on a shield machine comprises the following steps:
adopting a cutter head rotation measuring mode, wherein the cutter head 10 runs at a rotation speed of 0.2-0.5 cycles/minute, the vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 rotate for a certain distance for measuring once at a certain angle, the vibration exciting interval time of the vibration exciter 2, namely a measuring point, is set according to the rotation linear speed of the cutter head 10, and the measuring point distance is determined; the cutter head 10 rotates for a circle of 360 degrees, a circular measuring section formed by a plurality of measuring points can be completed, and a cylindrical or conical time section can be formed after data processing.
In a more preferable embodiment, when the forecast measurement is not carried out, the lead 6 is separated from the lead 6 led out from the host machine, so that the lead 6 is prevented from winding when the cutter head 10 of the shield machine is used for tunneling; during measurement, the lead 6 is connected with the lead 6 led out of the host by a worker or a manipulator; after the measurement, the film is separated manually or by a mechanical arm.
In a more preferable embodiment, in order to measure the wave velocity of the soil body and the rock body in front of the tunnel face, a method that the shock exciter 2 is arranged on the side wall to excite the shock to the front of the excavation face is adopted:
A. 3-4 detectors 1 facing to the direction of the tunnel face are arranged on two sides of the vibration exciter 2 to form a short measuring line, the vibration exciter 2 and the detectors 1 are arranged on a support 9 and are pressed on a side wall manually or by a mechanical hand, the vibration exciter 2 excites vibration along the direction facing to the tunnel face, namely the direction parallel to the center line, and the detectors 1 measure reflected waves from the direction of the tunnel face;
B. the measured lead 6 is always communicated with the host;
C. during measurement, the host gives a vibration exciting signal, and the vibration exciter 2 excites vibration and gives a signal to be acquired;
D. and the wave velocity is calculated by combining the measurement result arranged on the cutter head.
In a more preferred embodiment, the connection and mutual control signals of the lines are, in order:
a. the shield machine rotates and measures the host computer and starts:
b. after the shield machine is prepared, the shield machine signals the measurement host;
c. the measurement host starts to send a signal to the shield tunneling machine and simultaneously starts a signal to the shock exciter 2;
d. the shield machine rotates and gives a corner signal to the measuring host;
e. the measurement host gives excitation signals to the 1 st group of the shock absorbers 2, the shock absorbers 2 give successful shock signals to the measurement host, the measurement host gives measurement starting signals, and the signals of the detectors 1 on two sides of the 1 st group of the shock absorbers 2 are received after certain delay is added;
f. the shield machine continuously sends a rotating angle signal, after the shield machine rotates for a certain angle, the measurement host machine gives out a shock excitation signal to the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers 2 according to a preset angle and time, the shock absorbers 2 give out a shock excitation success signal to the measurement host machine, the measurement host machine gives out a measurement starting signal, and the measurement starting signal starts to receive the detector 1 signals on two sides of the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers 2 after a certain delay is added;
g. c-e is returned to be repeated until the shield machine rotates 360 degrees;
h. and releasing the line connection of the measuring host with the vibration exciter 2 and the 4 detectors 1 on the cutter head, and starting to work at the wave velocity of the side wall.
In a particular embodiment:
(1) if the diameter of the cutter head 10 of the shield tunneling machine is 6.4m, according to the situation shown in fig. 3, a probing arrangement vertical to the radial direction of the cutter head is arranged at a position 0.4m away from the edge of the cutter head 10, and comprises a shock exciter 2 and a detector 1, wherein the shock exciter 2 is arranged in the middle, and two detectors 1 are respectively arranged at two sides 25cm away from a shock excitation point. Thus, the cutter head 10 rotates for 360 degrees in a circle, and the circumference of the cutter head is 18.84 m;
(2) the rotational speed of the cutter head 10 was set at 0.3 cycles/min, the linear velocity was 10.47cm/s and the angular velocity was 2 °/s. The survey line layout was made in the manner of FIG. 3: during the previous shock excitation, the left detector 1 is arranged on the left side of the shock exciter 2, and the right detector 1 is arranged on the right side of the shock exciter 2; at the next shock, the shock exciter 2 rotates 50cm, namely 9.6 degrees, and then the left wave detector 1 is located at the position … … where the right wave detector 1 is located at the previous shock, so that the shock interval time of each shock excitation point is 4.78 seconds. Each measuring point should be shocked 2 times with an interval time of 0.5s, at which time the cutterhead 10 moves 5.25 cm. The acquisition software superposes the information received by the 2 times of shock;
(3) the waves in front of the tunnel face facing the excavation direction right ahead of the tunnel are measured according to the arrangement of the steps (1) and (2), the cutter head 10 rotates for one circle to form a circular measuring line, and a cylindrical time section can be formed after the circular measuring line is processed and can be used as three-dimensional data for qualitative explanation. Meanwhile, 2 horizontal measuring lines and 2 vertical measuring lines can be detached from the device, 4 plane time profiles can be formed after data processing, and one horizontal profile and one vertical profile can be selected for quantitative explanation;
(4) in the arrangement of fig. 2, there is another set of rows arranged radially of the cutter head 10. The center of the shock exciter is provided with a shock exciter 2, two sides of the shock exciter 2 are respectively provided with a detector 1 along the radius direction, one detector 1 faces the edge direction of the cutter head 10, the other detector 1 faces the edge direction of the cutter head 5, and the shock exciter 2 faces the edge direction of the cutter head 10 by 7 degrees. They now measure geology towards the outside of the tunnel, e.g. 8.8m outside the tunnel profile will be measured by the 10 ° geophone 1 at 50m, and about 12m outside the tunnel profile at 70 m; 4.4m outside the tunnel outline can be measured when the detector 1 is inclined by 5 degrees and is measured outside 50m, and about 6.7m outside the tunnel outline can be measured when the detector is measured outside 70 m;
the 2 measurements for each measurement point are vertically superimposed over the 2 measurements for each measurement point. Thus, 2 circular measuring lines can be formed, 2 conical time profiles can be formed after data processing, and 2 times of measuring data of each measuring point are vertically superposed outside the main detection tunnel. Therefore, 2 circular measuring lines can be formed, 2 conical time profiles can be formed after data processing, and the geological condition outside the contour of the outer edge of the tunnel is mainly detected.
(5) In order to measure the wave velocity, as shown in fig. 5, a vibration exciter 2 and four detectors 1 are mounted on a bracket 9, when in use, a manipulator or manpower is used for vertically attaching to a side wall, the end part of each detector 1 is coated with butter or vaseline as a coupling agent, the vibration surface of a vibration block 8 at the front end of the vibration exciter 2 is attached to the side wall, the manipulator or manpower is used for connecting each detector 1 and a lead 6 of a vibration exciter with a host machine, then the vibration exciter 2 and the vibration block 8 vibrate along the direction of a palm surface, and the detectors 1 receive the vibration. Then, the wave velocity is calculated in association with the measurement result provided on the cutter head 10 (patent No. 201010290400.2).
The invention solves the problems that various methods can be used for forecasting work when the drilling and blasting method is used for excavation at present, but people cannot enter the front of a tunneling cutterhead to operate when a shield machine is used for construction, and the industry hopes that equipment is installed on the shield machine to automatically operate. The invention solves the problem that the exploration element is worn quickly if the exploration element is arranged on the cutter head when objects such as sand, soil, water, foam and the like are filled in front of the cutter head.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific and preferred embodiments, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and any modifications, equivalents and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an install elastic wave reflection method device on shield structure machine which characterized in that: the device comprises a vibration exciter, a detector, an elastic device, a lead and a cutter head of a shield machine, wherein a drill hole is arranged on the back of the cutter head, the distance between the drill hole and the front of the cutter head is 5-10 cm, the cutter head cannot be drilled through, the vibration exciter and the detector are arranged in the drill hole, and the vibration exciter and the detector are excited and received towards the tunneling direction;
the elastic device tightly supports the vibration exciter and the detector on the cutter head from the back, so that the vibration exciter and the detector cannot move freely; the front end of the detector receives a vibration signal, and is coated with a couplant material to serve as a couplant between the detector and the bottom of a drill hole of the cutter head in front; the lead is led out of the cutter head;
the arrangement form of the shock exciter and the geophone arrangement comprises the following steps:
a. the detectors and the shock exciters face the front tunnel face and are parallel to the central line direction of the tunnel;
b. the vibration exciter is arranged in the middle of the cutter head in the radial direction, the detectors are respectively arranged at intervals of 25-60 cm on two sides of the cutter head in the radial direction, and the detectors face the front tunnel face and are parallel to the central line direction of the tunnel; or one detector faces the front, and one detector is deviated to the edge of the cutter head by 5-7 degrees;
c. and the distance between each detector and the shock exciter is 25-60 cm, the distance between each detector and the shock exciter is 5-10 degrees and 7-15 degrees respectively towards the outer edge direction of the cutter disc, and the distance between the detector and the shock exciter is 1/2 of the deviation angle of 2 detectors towards the outer edge direction of the cutter disc.
2. The elastic wave reflection method apparatus installed on a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic device is a spring, and the couplant material is butter or vaseline.
3. The elastic wave reflection method apparatus installed on a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic device is used for tightly abutting the vibration exciter and the detector on the cutter head through the elastic device, the hard tube and the rear cover from the back.
4. The elastic wave reflection method apparatus installed on a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: the wire is followed the blade disc leads to the main shaft of blade disc the through hole of wire has been bored in the main shaft, the through hole is 2, one the through hole is through control the strong current wire of shock absorber, one the through hole passes through the wave detector is connected the weak current wire of measurement host computer.
5. The elastic wave reflection method apparatus installed on a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: the wire is guided to the main shaft of blade disc from the blade disc, bore the clearing hole of wire in the main shaft, the clearing hole is 1, will connect the weak current wire of wave detector and connect the strong current wire of shock absorber synthesizes a set of and passes through, will weak current wire adds the shielding layer, avoids strong current pulse to produce electromagnetic interference.
6. The elastic wave reflection method apparatus installed on a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: the shock exciter is a shock exciter with giant magnetostrictive vibrators connected in parallel; the detector is a high-resolution detector for seismic exploration and works in a single-point continuous section mode.
7. A measuring method adopting an elastic wave reflection method device arranged on a shield machine is characterized in that:
adopting a cutter head rotation measuring mode, wherein the cutter head runs at the rotation speed of 0.2-0.5 cycles/minute, measuring once every certain angle, namely the vibration exciter and the detector rotate for a certain distance, setting the vibration exciting interval time of the vibration exciter, namely a measuring point according to the rotation linear speed of the cutter head, and determining the measuring point distance; the cutter head rotates for 360 degrees in a circle, so that a circular measuring section formed by a plurality of measuring points can be completed, and a cylindrical or conical time section diagram can be formed after data processing.
8. The measurement method using the elastic wave reflectometry apparatus installed on the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: when the forecast measurement is not carried out, the lead is separated from the lead led out by the measurement host machine so as to prevent the lead from winding when the cutter head of the shield machine is driven to work; when in measurement, the lead is connected with the lead led out of the measurement host by a worker or a manipulator; after the measurement, the film is separated manually or by a mechanical arm.
9. The measurement method using the elastic wave reflectometry apparatus installed on the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: in order to measure the wave velocity of soil and rock mass in front of the face, a method of arranging the shock exciter on the side wall to shock towards the front of the face is adopted:
A. 3-4 detectors facing to the direction of the tunnel face are arranged on two sides of the shock exciter to form a short measuring line, the shock exciter and the detectors are arranged on a support and are pressed on a side wall manually or by a mechanical hand, the shock exciter vibrates along the direction facing to the tunnel face, namely the direction parallel to the center line, and the detectors measure reflected waves from the direction of the tunnel face;
B. the measured lead is always communicated with a measurement host;
C. during measurement, a measurement host gives a shock signal, and the shock exciter excites the shock and gives a signal to be acquired;
D. and the wave velocity is calculated by combining the measurement result arranged on the cutter head.
10. The measurement method using the elastic wave reflectometry apparatus installed on the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: the connection and mutual control signals of the circuit are as follows in sequence:
a. the shield machine rotates and measures the host computer and starts:
b. after the shield machine is prepared, the shield machine signals the measurement host;
c. the measurement host starts to send a signal to the shield tunneling machine and simultaneously sends a starting signal to the shock exciter;
d. the shield machine rotates and gives a corner signal to the measuring host;
e. the measuring host gives out an excitation signal to the 1 st group of the arrayed vibrators, the vibrators give out a vibration success signal to the measuring host, the measuring host gives out a measuring starting signal, and the measuring host starts to receive the signals of the detectors on the two sides of the 1 st group of the arrayed vibrators after adding a determined delay;
f. the shield machine continuously sends a rotating angle signal, after the shield machine rotates for a certain angle, the measurement host machine gives out a shock excitation signal to the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers according to a preset angle and time, the shock absorbers give out a shock excitation success signal to the measurement host machine, the measurement host machine gives out a measurement starting signal, and the detector signals on two sides of the 1 st group of arrangement shock absorbers are received after a certain delay is added;
g. c-e is returned to be repeated until the shield machine rotates 360 degrees;
h. and releasing the line connection of the measuring host machine, the shock exciter and the 4 detectors on the cutter head, and starting to work at the wave velocity of the side wall.
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| CN107085238A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-22 | 武汉大学 | Country rock velocity of wave construction apparatus for continuous and automatic measurement and method in a kind of TBM tunneling processes |
| CN107907908B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2024-03-08 | 北京水工资环新技术开发有限公司 | Method and device for three-dimensional exploration of minimum shock-distance elastic wave reflection by using drilling |
| CN110824552B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-10-29 | 山东大学 | Unfavorable geology detection system and method carried on shield machine |
| CN113219522B (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2022-11-04 | 山东大学 | Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield |
| CN113691159A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-23 | 山东大学 | Linear driving mechanism based on giant magnetostriction and shield tunneling machine |
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| SU976414A1 (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1982-11-23 | Ордена Ленина Институт Физики Земли Им.О.Ю.Шмидта | Narrow-band seismometer |
| JP2002071446A (en) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-03-08 | Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd | Blasting detonation detecting device |
| CN102645669A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-08-22 | 山东大学 | Device for forecasting geologies in advance during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction by using shock signals and usage method |
| CN102692639B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-04-22 | 山东大学 | Advanced geological forecast device utilizing vibration signals in construction with shield method and using method of advanced geological forecast device |
| CN206722835U (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-12-08 | 北京水工资环新技术开发有限公司 | A kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine |
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