CN106703822A - Elastic wave reflecting method device installed on shield and its measuring method - Google Patents
Elastic wave reflecting method device installed on shield and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106703822A CN106703822A CN201710129296.0A CN201710129296A CN106703822A CN 106703822 A CN106703822 A CN 106703822A CN 201710129296 A CN201710129296 A CN 201710129296A CN 106703822 A CN106703822 A CN 106703822A
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- vibration exciter
- cutterhead
- wave detector
- measurement
- wave
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/159—Generating seismic energy using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive driving means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic wave reflecting method device installed on a shield and its measuring method, wherein the device comprises an impulse shocker, a wave detector, an elastic device, a guide wire and a cutter of a shield; the impulse shocker and the wave detector can be aligned along the circumference of the cutter or along the radius direction, wherein the measurement method includes steps that a cutter rotating measurement method is applied, and the impulse shocker and the wave detector are detected once at a certain angle, namely, a measuring point; a circular measurement section data formed by multiple measuring points is treated and then can be formed to be a cylinder or conical time section drawing. The invention solves the problems that multiple methods can be used for forecasting when borehole-blasting method is applied to excavate, but the front part of the heading cutter cannot be operated by people during the construction of the shield, and the industry expects that the device can be installed on the shield and automatically operate. The invention solves the problem that the detecting element can be rapidly worn for being installed on the cutter since the front part of the cutter is filled with sand, soil, water, foam and other goods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prediction technology neck of highway, railway tunnel, subway, water power water conservancy water-conveyance tunnel etc.
Domain, more particularly, to a kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine and its measuring method.
Background technology
Front of tunnel heading geologic prediction when tunnel and tunnel construction is an important job.Opened with drilling and blasting method at present
Existing various methods can carry out forecast work during digging, but when shield machine construction is used, the cutterhead front of driving can not possibly be by people
Into operation, industry wish equipment be arranged on shield machine on be automatically brought into operation, and filled in front of cutterhead sandstone, soil, water,
The objects such as foam, if the element detected is arranged on cutterhead, will be worn quickly.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to design a kind of new elastic wave reflex subtraction unit and its peace on shield machine
Dress method, solves the above problems.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine, including vibration exciter, wave detector, elastic device, wire
With the cutterhead of shield machine, behind the cutterhead on drilling is set, cutterhead face has 5~10cm not drill through described in the hole spacing
The cutterhead, the vibration exciter and the wave detector is loaded in the drilling and is impulsed and is received towards tunneling direction；
Be pushed against on the cutterhead for the vibration exciter and the wave detector from below by the elastic device, makes described impulsing
Device and the wave detector will not be moved freely；The wave detector front end receiver vibration signal simultaneously, is coated with couplant material,
As the wave detector and the couplant at the drilling bottom of the front cutterhead；The wire draws the cutterhead；
The vibration exciter and the arrangement form of the geophone arrangement include：
A. arranged along the circumferencial direction of the cutterhead, the vibration exciter is in centre, and both sides are each at a distance of 25cm~40cm respectively
Put wave detector described in, the wave detector and the vibration exciter are towards front face Parallel Tunnel center line direction；
B. arranged along the radial direction of the cutterhead, the vibration exciter in centre, along radial direction both sides respectively at a distance of 25
~60cm respectively puts a wave detector, and the wave detector is towards front Parallel Tunnel center line direction；Or an inspection
Towards front, a wave detector is partial to 5 °~7 ° of cutterhead edge to ripple device；
C. coordinate with one of above-mentioned 2 kinds of modes, another group of device is arranged along the cutter radius direction, the vibration exciter exists
Centre, wave detector described in, the wave detector court are respectively put along the cutter radius direction in the 25~60cm of vibration exciter both sides
5 °~10 ° and 7 °~15 ° are respectively to cutterhead outer rim direction, the vibration exciter is that 2 wave detectors are inclined towards cutterhead outer rim direction
Angle sum it 1/2.
The elastic device is spring, and the couplant material is butter or vaseline.
The vibration exciter and the wave detector are passed through the elastic device, hard tube and bonnet by the elastic device from below
It is pushed against on the cutterhead.
The lead guides the main shaft of the cutterhead into from the cutterhead, be drilled with the main shaft wire by hole, institute
It is 2 to state by hole, and by controlling the forceful electric power wire of the vibration exciter, a hole passes through the wave detector in a hole
Connect the weak-current lead of main frame.
The lead guides the main shaft of cutterhead into from the cutterhead, be drilled with the main shaft wire by hole, it is described logical
Via is 1, and the vibration exciter wire of the weak-current lead and connection forceful electric power that will connect the wave detector synthesizes one group and passes through, will
The weak-current lead adds screen layer, it is to avoid high intensity pulsing electromagnetic field produces electromagnetic interference.
The vibration exciter is ultra-magnetic telescopic shake vibration exciter in parallel；The wave detector is the high-resolution of seismic prospecting
Rate wave detector, is worked using single-point serial section form.
A kind of measuring method of the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine：
Using cutterhead rotation measuring mode, the cutterhead is run with 0.2~0.5 cycle per minute velocity of rotation, every certain angle
I.e. vibration exciter and wave detector rotate certain distance measurement once, and the linear velocity rotated according to cutterhead sets the interval that impulses of vibrator
The measuring point of time, i.e., one, and determine measuring point away from；It one week is 360 ° that the cutterhead is rotated, you can complete what multiple measuring points were formed
Circle measurement section, can form the time cross-section of a cylindrical shape or taper barrel after data treatment.
When forecast measurement is not made, wire departs from main frame extraction wire, in order to avoid wire during cutter head of shield machine headwork
Winding；In measurement manually or with the main frame extraction wire be connected the wire by manipulator；By manually or mechanically after survey
Hand is departed from.
It is the measurement front of tunnel heading soil body and rock mass velocity, the vibration exciter is set to being impulsed in front of excavation face using in abutment wall
Method：
A arranges 3~4, the wave detector towards face direction on the vibration exciter both sides, forms a short survey line,
The vibration exciter and the wave detector are arranged on a support, described to impulse by manually or with manipulator being pressed against on abutment wall
Device is that parallel center line direction impulses along towards face, the back wave that the wave detector measurement comes from face direction；
B, the wire of measurement are connected with main frame always；
Main frame gives the signal that impulses when C, measurement, and the vibration exciter impulses and provides signal to be gathered；
D combines with the measurement result being located on cutterhead, calculates velocity of wave.
The connection of circuit and cross complaint signal, in order for：
A. shield machine is rotated and started with measurement host：
B. the shield machine signals to the measurement host after being ready to；
C. the measurement host starts and is signaled to the shield machine, while giving the vibration exciter enabling signal；
D. the shield machine is rotated, and provides angular signal to the measurement host；
E. the measurement host provides excitation signal to the 1st group of vibration exciter of arrangement, and the vibration exciter is given and impulsed
Pass signal to the measurement host, the measurement host to start to receive the 1st group after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
Arrange the geophone signal of the vibration exciter both sides；
F. the shield machine constantly sends the angle signal of rotation, after turning certain angle, by a predetermined angle with described in the time
Measurement host provides the signal that impulses to the 1st group of arrangement vibration exciter, and the vibration exciter provides the pass signal that impulses to the survey
Amount main frame, the measurement host starts the 1st group of arrangement vibration exciter both sides of reception after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
Geophone signal；
G. return to c~e so to repeat, to the shield machine corner, 360 ° are stopped；
H. the measurement host and 4 connections of the wave detector on the vibration exciter and the cutterhead are released, is opened
Beginning makees the survey velocity of wave work of abutment wall.
The vibration exciter of the ultra-magnetic telescopic shake son parallel connection in this patent, referring to the Chinese invention patent (patent No.：
201110430481.6)；The high resolution detector of the seismic prospecting in this patent, referring to Chinese utility model patent (specially
Profit number：201020260262.9).It is an object of the invention to provide one kind wide band elastic wave reflex method high and its in shield
Installation method on machine, to solve the problem of the installation equipment automatic measurement on shield machine.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
(1) using " ultra-magnetic telescopic shake vibration exciter in parallel " (patent of invention, the patent No.：201110430481.6) make
It is focus, using " high resolution detector of seismic prospecting " (utility model patent, the patent No.：201020260262.9) make
To receive the wave detector of vibration signal, worked using single-point serial section form；
(2) behind the cutterhead of shield machine on drill, retaining cutterhead face has 5~10cm not drill through as protective layer, will swash
Shake device and wave detector load, and impulse and receive towards tunneling direction；
(3) after vibration exciter and wave detector load, be pushed against on cutterhead from below with spring, top power need it is small, make vibration exciter and
Wave detector will not be moved freely.Wave detector front end receiver vibration signal simultaneously, is coated with a small amount of butter or vaseline, as inspection
Ripple device and the couplant at front impeller eye bottom.
(4) by the way of being measured when cutterhead is rotated, for the lead of wave detector and vibration exciter when avoiding cutterhead from rotating is twined
Around lead guides the main shaft of cutterhead into from cutterhead, and wire is drilled with main shaft by hole, and hole is provided with 2 kinds of modes：
A. 2 are bored by hole, by controlling the forceful electric power wire of vibration exciter, a hole connects main frame by wave detector in a hole
Weak-current lead；
B. one is bored by hole, the vibration exciter wire of the weak-current lead of tie geophone and connection forceful electric power is synthesized one group and is led to
Cross, weak-current lead is at this moment added into screen layer, it is to avoid high intensity pulsing electromagnetic field produces electromagnetic interference；
(5) when forecast measurement is not made, above-mentioned wire departs from main frame extraction wire, in order to avoid cutter head of shield machine headwork
When wire winding.In measurement manually or manipulator connects two section leads；Departed from by manually or mechanically hand after survey；
(6) wave detector and vibration exciter are arranged and each group of metering system impulses a little and the arrangement of geophone arrangement can be with various
Form
A, the circumferencial direction arrangement along cutterhead, in centre, both sides respectively put one to the vibration exciter at a distance of 25cm~40cm respectively
Wave detector, wave detector and vibration exciter are towards front face Parallel Tunnel center line direction.Using cutterhead rotation measuring mode, cutterhead
Run with 0.2~0.5 cycle per minute velocity of rotation, be that vibration exciter and wave detector rotate certain distance measurement once every certain angle,
The linear velocity setting vibrator rotated according to cutterhead impulses interval time, i.e., one measuring point, and determine measuring point away from.Cutterhead turns
Be within dynamic one week 360 °, you can complete the circular measurement section that multiple measuring points are formed, data can be formed after processing a cylindrical shape or
The time cross-section of person's taper barrel；Also removably 2 horizontal surveys line and 2 vertical surveys line during data interpretation, by existing side
Method (patent of invention, the patent No.：201010266601.9) reflecting surface locus is calculated；
B. arranged along cutter radius direction, vibration exciter is respectively put at a distance of 25~60cm respectively in centre along radial direction both sides
One wave detector, wave detector is rotated and measures a multiple measuring points in towards front Parallel Tunnel center line direction, cutterhead, is turned according to cutterhead
Dynamic linear velocity setting vibrator impulses interval time, i.e., one measuring point, and determine measuring point away from；2 circular surveys line are formed,
Also 4 horizontal surveys line and 4 vertical surveys line can be splitted into during data interpretation, by existing method (patent of invention, the patent No.：
201010266601.9) reflecting surface locus is calculated；Also can a wave detector towards front, wave detector deflection cutterhead side
5 °~7 ° of edge, cutterhead is rotated measures multiple measuring points for one week, forms 2 circular surveys line, and a level can be formed after data treatment
Drum-shaped time section a, time section for taper barrel is qualitative by data:After quantitative interpretation, a water can be formed
Flat barrel surface and the log sheet in taper cone barrel face, wherein the ground in the taper cone barrel face that the wave detector at deflection cutterhead edge is obtained
Matter profile can detect the object outside tunnel contour, and the object away from tunnel perimeter about 4~6m can be detected outside 50m；
C. coordinate with one of above-mentioned 2 kinds of modes, another group of device is arranged along cutter radius direction, vibration exciter is in centre, edge
A wave detector is respectively put in cutter radius direction in 25~60cm of vibration exciter both sides, wave detector towards cutterhead outer rim direction be respectively 5 °~
10 ° and 7 °~15 °, vibration exciter towards cutterhead outer rim direction be 2 wave detector drift angle sums it 1/2.Cutterhead is rotated and measures a multiple in
Measuring point, forms 2 circular sections, and 2 barrel-shaped log sheets of circular cone can be formed after data treatment, can be respectively from them
Obtain the information of the object of about 4m~15m outside 50m outer tunnels profile；
(7) in order to measure the front of tunnel heading soil body and rock mass velocity, swashed in front of excavation face using vibration exciter is set in abutment wall
The method of shake, vibration exciter both sides arrangement towards face direction 3~4, wave detector, formed a short survey line, vibration exciter and
Wave detector is arranged on a shelf, by manually or with manipulator being pressed against on abutment wall, is joined with the measurement result being located on cutterhead
Close, calculate velocity of wave (patent of invention, the patent No.：201010290400.2)；
(8) connection of circuit and cross complaint signal, in order for：
A. shield machine is rotated and started with measurement host：
B. shield machine signals to measurement host after being ready to；
C. host-initiated signals to shield machine, while giving vibration exciter enabling signal；
D. shield machine is rotated, and provides angular signal to main frame；
E. start to receive the 1st group of detection of arrangement vibration exciter both sides after determining delay time according to fixed delay time
Device signal；
F. shield machine constantly sends the angle signal of rotation, after turning certain angle, is given with time main frame by a predetermined angle
The signal that impulses provides the pass signal that impulses to main frame to the 1st group of arrangement vibration exciter, vibration exciter, and main frame provides beginning measurement signal,
Plus start to receive the 1st group of geophone signal of arrangement vibration exciter both sides after fixed delay time；
G. c~e is returned, is so repeated, 360 ° are stopped to shield machine corner；
H. main frame and 4 connections of wave detector on vibration exciter and cutterhead are released, starts to make the survey velocity of wave work of abutment wall；
(9) soil body and rock mass velocity before measurement face：
Using the method for the measurement velocity of wave on the abutment wall of shield machine head rear：
A, will be containing vibration exciter and the 3-4 support of wave detector by tightly on abutment wall by staff or manipulator, vibration exciter
Impulsed along center line direction, the back wave that wave detector measurement comes from face direction.
B, the wire of measurement can be connected with main frame always；
Main frame gives the signal that impulses when C, measurement, and vibration exciter impulses and provides signal to be gathered.
Beneficial effects of the present invention can be summarized as follows：
1st, the present invention solves at present that existing various methods can carry out forecast work when being excavated with drilling and blasting method, but with
During shield machine construction, the cutterhead front of driving can not possibly enter operation by people, and it is automatic on shield machine that industry wishes that equipment is arranged on
The problem of operation.
2nd, the present invention is solved and filled in front of cutterhead the objects such as sandstone, soil, water, foam, if the element peace detected
By the problem being worn quickly on cutterhead.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be vibration exciter and wave detector installed on cutterhead along one of cutter radius profile, vibration exciter and wave detector
Arranged along cutter radius direction, vibration exciter and wave detector are towards the parallel center line direction of front face.
Wherein：
1 wave detector；
2 vibration exciters；
3 drillings for installing wave detector and vibration exciter；
4 hard tubes for being used to withstand wave detector；
5 install wave detector and vibration exciter after stablize their spring；
The wire of 6 connection vibration exciters and wave detector and main frame；
7 installation vibration exciters and wave detector withstand the bonnet of spring；
10 cutterheads；
The distance that k vibration exciters and wave detector are installed.
Fig. 2 be vibration exciter and wave detector installed on cutterhead along the two of cutter radius profile, vibration exciter and wave detector
Arranged along cutter radius direction, vibration exciter and wave detector are towards tunnel edge direction.
Wherein：
1 wave detector；
2 vibration exciters；
3 drillings for installing wave detector and vibration exciter；
4 hard tubes for being used to withstand wave detector；
Stablize their spring after 5 mounted wave detectors and vibration exciter；
The wire of 6 connection vibration exciters and wave detector and main frame；
7 installation vibration exciters and wave detector withstand the bonnet of spring；
10 cutterheads；
The distance that k vibration exciters and wave detector are installed.
Fig. 3 is one of vertical cutter radius profile that vibration exciter and wave detector are installed on cutterhead, vibration exciter and detection
Device is arranged along vertical cutter radius direction, towards front face center line direction parallel with center line.
Wherein
1 wave detector；
2 vibration exciters；
3 drillings for installing wave detector and vibration exciter；
4 hard tubes for being used to withstand wave detector；
Stablize their spring after 5 mounted wave detectors and vibration exciter；
The wire of 6 connection vibration exciters and wave detector and main frame；
7 vibration exciters and wave detector withstand the bonnet of spring；
10 cutterheads；
The distance that k vibration exciters and wave detector are installed.
Fig. 4 is to impulse and receive schematic diagram.
Wherein：
1 wave detector；
2 vibration exciters；
11 measuring surface；
12 reflectings surface.
Fig. 5 is the vibration exciter and wave detector scheme of installation that velocity of wave is surveyed on abutment wall.
Wherein：
1 wave detector；
2 vibration exciters；
3 drillings for installing wave detector and vibration exciter；
4 hard tubes for being used to withstand wave detector；
Stablize their spring after 5 mounted wave detectors and vibration exciter；
The wire of 6 connection vibration exciters and wave detector and main frame；
7 vibration exciters and wave detector withstand the bonnet of spring；
The metal derby that 8 vibration exciters front is impulsed；
9 supports；
The distance that k vibration exciters and wave detector are installed.
Specific embodiment
In order that technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect become more apparent, below in conjunction with
Drawings and Examples, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to
The present invention is explained, is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine as Figure 1-5, including vibration exciter 2, wave detector
1st, the cutterhead 10 of elastic device 5, wire 6 and shield machine, behind the cutterhead 10 on drilling 3 is set, the drilling 3 is apart from institute
Stating cutterhead face has 5~10cm and does not drill through the cutterhead, and the vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 are loaded in the drilling 3 simultaneously
And impulse and receive towards tunneling direction.
The vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 are pushed against the cutterhead by the elastic device 5 from behind the cutterhead 10
On 10, the vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 is set to move freely；The front end receiver vibration signal one of the wave detector 1
Face, is coated with couplant material, used as the couplant between the bottom of drilling 3 of the wave detector 1 and the front cutterhead 10；It is described to lead
Line 6 draws the cutterhead.
The vibration exciter 2 and the arrangement form of the arrangement of the wave detector 1 include：
A. arranged along the circumferencial direction of the cutterhead 10, in centre, both sides are respectively at a distance of 25cm~40cm for the vibration exciter 2
Respectively put wave detector 1 described in, the wave detector 1 and the vibration exciter 2 are towards front face Parallel Tunnel center line direction；
B. arranged along the radial direction of the cutterhead 10, the vibration exciter 2 in centre, along radial direction both sides respectively apart
25~60cm respectively puts a wave detector 1, and the wave detector 1 is towards front Parallel Tunnel center line direction；Or an institute
Wave detector 1 is stated towards front, 5 °~7 ° of 10 edge of another described wave detector 1 deflection cutterhead；
C. coordinate with one of above-mentioned 2 kinds of modes, another group of device, the vibration exciter are arranged along the radial direction of the cutterhead 10
2, in centre, respectively put wave detector 1 described in, described in two along the radial direction of the cutterhead 10 in the 25~60cm of both sides of the vibration exciter 2
Wave detector 1 is respectively 5 °~10 ° and 7 °~15 ° towards cutterhead outer rim direction, the vibration exciter 2 towards cutterhead outer rim direction be 2
The drift angle sum of individual wave detector 1 it 1/2.
In more preferred embodiment, the elastic device 5 is spring, and the couplant material is butter or all scholars
Woods.
In more preferred embodiment, the elastic device 5 leads to the vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 from below
The elastic device 5, hard tube 4 and bonnet 7 is crossed to be pushed against on the cutterhead 10.
In more preferred embodiment, the lead guides the main shaft of the cutterhead 10 into, is drilled with the main shaft and led
Line 6 by hole, described is 2 by hole, a hole by controlling the forceful electric power wire 6 of the vibration exciter 2, described in one
Hole connects the weak-current lead 6 of main frame by the wave detector 1.
In more preferred embodiment, the lead guides the main shaft of cutterhead 10 into from the cutterhead 10, in the main shaft
In be drilled with wire 6 by hole, described be 1 by hole, will connect the weak-current lead 6 and connection forceful electric power of the wave detector 1
2 wire of the vibration exciter 6 synthesizes one group and passes through, by the weak-current lead 6 plus screen layer, it is to avoid high intensity pulsing electromagnetic field produces electromagnetism to do
Disturb.
In more preferred embodiment, the vibration exciter 2 is ultra-magnetic telescopic shake vibration exciter in parallel；The detection
Device 1 is the high resolution detector of seismic prospecting, is worked using single-point serial section form.
A kind of measuring method of the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine：
Using cutterhead rotation measuring mode, the cutterhead 10 is run with 0.2~0.5 cycle per minute velocity of rotation, every certain angle
Degree is that vibration exciter 2 and wave detector 1 rotate certain distance measurement once, described sharp according to the linear velocity setting that the cutterhead 10 is rotated
Shake the impulsing interval time of device 2, i.e., one measuring point, and determine measuring point away from；It one week is 360 ° that the cutterhead 10 is rotated, you can complete
Into the circular measurement section that multiple measuring points are formed, the time section of a cylindrical shape or taper barrel can be formed after data treatment
Figure.
In more preferred embodiment, when forecast measurement is not made, wire 6 departs from main frame extraction wire 6, in order to avoid shield
Wire 6 winds during structure machine knife 10 headwork of disk；In measurement manually or manipulator draws the wire 6 and the main frame
Wire 6 is connected；Departed from by manually or mechanically hand after survey.
It is measurement the front of tunnel heading soil body and rock mass velocity in more preferred embodiment, sets described using in abutment wall
The method that vibration exciter 2 impulses to excavation face front：
A, the both sides of the vibration exciter 2 arrange 3~4 wave detectors 1 towards face direction, formed a short survey
Line, the vibration exciter 2 and the wave detector 1 are arranged on a support 9, by manually or with manipulator being pressed against on abutment wall, institute
State vibration exciter 2 to be impulsed along towards the i.e. parallel center line direction of face, the wave detector 1 measures the reflection come from face direction
Ripple；
B, the wire 6 of measurement are connected with main frame always；
Main frame gives the signal that impulses when C, measurement, and the vibration exciter 2 impulses and provides signal to be gathered；
D combines with the measurement result being located on cutterhead, calculates velocity of wave.
In more preferred embodiment, the connection of circuit and cross complaint signal, in order for：
A. shield machine is rotated and started with measurement host：
B. the shield machine signals to the measurement host after being ready to；
C. the measurement host starts and is signaled to the shield machine, while giving the enabling signal of the vibration exciter 2；
D. the shield machine is rotated, and provides angular signal to the measurement host；
E. the measurement host provides excitation signal to the 1st group of vibration exciter 2 of arrangement, and the vibration exciter 2 provides sharp
Shake pass signal to the measurement host, the measurement host to start to receive the 1st after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
The signal of wave detector 1 of the group arrangement both sides of vibration exciter 2；
F. the shield machine constantly sends the angle signal of rotation, after turning certain angle, by a predetermined angle with described in the time
Measurement host provides the signal that impulses to the 1st group of arrangement vibration exciter 2, and the vibration exciter 2 provides the pass signal that impulses to described
Measurement host, the measurement host starts to receive the 1st group of 2 liang of arrangement vibration exciter after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
The signal of wave detector 1 of side；
G. return to c~e so to repeat, to the shield machine corner, 360 ° are stopped；
H. the measurement host and 4 connections of the wave detector 1 on the vibration exciter 2 and the cutterhead are released,
The survey velocity of wave for starting to make abutment wall works.
In certain specific embodiment：
(1) if a diameter of 6.4m of cutter head of shield machine 10, situation as shown in Figure 3, at the side edge 0.4m of cutterhead 10
If arrangement is detected in vertical cutter radius direction, containing vibration exciter 2 and wave detector 1, in centre, both sides are away from impulsing for vibration exciter 2
Point 25cm respectively sets a wave detector 1.So, cutterhead 10 rotates a circle 360 °, and its circumference is 18.84m；
(2) rotating speed of cutterhead 10 is set by 0.3 cycle per minute, then linear velocity is 10.47cm/s, angular speed is 2 °/s.By Fig. 3 side
Formula makees arrangement of measuring-line：Preceding when once impulsing, on the left side of vibration exciter 2, right wave detector 1 is on the right of vibration exciter 2 for left wave detector 1；Under
When once impulsing, vibration exciter 2 rotates 50cm, that is, turn 9.6 °, and at this moment left wave detector 1 is located at the preceding institute of right wave detector 1 when once impulsing
The interval time that impulses so impulsed every time a little in position ... is 4.78 seconds.Each measuring point should impulse 2 times, and interval time is
0.5s, at this moment cutterhead 10 move 5.25cm.Be superimposed for the information of this 2 receptions that impulse by acquisition software；
(3) ripple that the front of tunnel heading in direction is excavated in tunnel front, knife are directed towards by what above-mentioned (1), (2) arrangement were surveyed
Disk 10 is circled, and forms a survey line for circle, and a time section for drum type can be formed after treatment, can be used as qualitative solution
The three-dimensional data released.2 horizontal surveys line and 2 vertical surveys line can also be therefrom splitted into simultaneously, 4 width can be turned into after being processed through data
Plane time section, an optional horizontal profile and a vertical section make quantitative interpretation；
(4) by the method for arranging of Fig. 2, separately there is one group of arrangement arranged along the radial direction of cutterhead 10.Vibration exciter is set in centre
2, a wave detector 1 is respectively set along the both sides of radial direction vibration exciter 2, wherein a wave detector 1 is towards 10 ° of 10 edge direction of cutterhead, it is another
Towards 5 ° of cutterhead edge direction, vibration exciter 2 is towards 7 ° of 10 edge direction of cutterhead for wave detector 1.What at this moment they were surveyed is directed towards tunnel
Geological condition outside road outer rim, if the survey of oblique 10 ° of wave detectors 1 is in the outer 8.8m that can will be measured outside tunnel contour of 50m,
About 12m outside tunnel contour can be measured outside 70m；Oblique 5 ° of wave detectors 1 are surveyed in the outer 4.4m that can will be measured outside tunnel contour of 50m,
About 6.7m outside tunnel contour can be measured outside 70m；
By 2 measurement data of each measurement point by 2 measurement data longitudinal stacks of each measurement point.So may make up
2 circular surveys line, the time section by may make up 2 width cone after data processing measures each outside main detection tunnel
2 measurement data longitudinal stacks of point.2 circular surveys line are so may make up, by may make up 2 width cone after data processing
Time section, the geological condition outside main detection tunnel outer margin contour.
(5) in order to measure velocity of wave, as shown in Figure 5, vibration exciter 2 and four wave detectors 1 are arranged on support 9, when using,
With manipulator or manpower vertical to being attached on abutment wall, the end of wave detector 1 is coated with butter or vaseline does couplant, and vibration exciter
The shake face of the shake block 8 of 2 front ends is adjacent in abutment wall, is connected the wire 6 of each wave detector 1 and vibrator and main frame with manipulator or manpower
Connect, then vibration exciter 2 and shake block 8 are impulsed along face direction, and wave detector 1 is received.Then with the measurement knot being located on cutterhead 10
Fruit is combined, and calculates velocity of wave (patent of invention, the patent No.：201010290400.2).
The present invention solves at present that existing various methods can carry out forecast work when being excavated with drilling and blasting method, but with shield
When structure machine is constructed, the cutterhead front of driving can not possibly enter operation by people, and industry wishes that equipment is grasped automatically on shield machine
The problem of work.The present invention is solved and filled in front of cutterhead the objects such as sandstone, soil, water, foam, if the element detected is installed
On cutterhead, by the problem being worn quickly.
The present invention is described in detail above by specific and preferred embodiment, but those skilled in the art should be bright
In vain, the invention is not limited in embodiment described above, all any modifications within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made,
Equivalent etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine, it is characterised in that：Including vibration exciter, wave detector, elasticity
The cutterhead of device, wire and shield machine, behind the cutterhead on drilling is set, cutterhead face described in the hole spacing has 5~
10cm does not drill through the cutterhead, loads in the drilling and impulses and receive direction the vibration exciter and the wave detector and dig
Enter direction；
Be pushed against on the cutterhead for the vibration exciter and the wave detector from below by the elastic device, make the vibration exciter and
The wave detector will not be moved freely；The wave detector front end receiver vibration signal simultaneously, is coated with couplant material, as
The couplant at the drilling bottom of the wave detector and the front cutterhead；The wire draws the cutterhead；
The vibration exciter and the arrangement form of the geophone arrangement include：
A. arranged along the circumferencial direction of the cutterhead, in centre, both sides respectively put one to the vibration exciter at a distance of 25cm~40cm respectively
The wave detector, the wave detector and the vibration exciter are towards front face Parallel Tunnel center line direction；
B. arranged along the radial direction of the cutterhead, the vibration exciter in centre, along radial direction both sides respectively at a distance of 25~
60cm respectively puts a wave detector, and the wave detector is towards front Parallel Tunnel center line direction；Or a detection
Towards front, a wave detector is partial to 5 °~7 ° of cutterhead edge to device；
C. coordinate with one of above-mentioned 2 kinds of modes, another group of device is arranged along the cutter radius direction, the vibration exciter is in
Between, respectively put wave detector described in, the wave detector direction in the 25~60cm of vibration exciter both sides along the cutter radius direction
Cutterhead outer rim direction is respectively 5 °~10 ° and 7 °~15 °, the vibration exciter towards cutterhead outer rim direction be 2 wave detector drift angles
Sum it 1/2.
2. the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The elasticity
Device is spring, and the couplant material is butter or vaseline.
3. the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The elasticity
The vibration exciter and the wave detector are pushed against the cutterhead by device from below by the elastic device, hard tube and bonnet
On.
4. the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lead
Guide the main shaft of the cutterhead into from the cutterhead, be drilled with the main shaft wire by hole, it is described by hole be 2, one
By controlling the forceful electric power wire of the vibration exciter, a hole is led by the light current that the wave detector connects main frame in the individual hole
Line.
5. the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lead
Guide the main shaft of cutterhead into from the cutterhead, be drilled with the main shaft wire by hole, it is described by hole be 1, will connect
The weak-current lead of the wave detector and the vibration exciter wire of connection forceful electric power synthesize one group and pass through, and the weak-current lead is added into screen
Cover layer, it is to avoid high intensity pulsing electromagnetic field produces electromagnetic interference.
6. the elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to impulse
Device is ultra-magnetic telescopic shake vibration exciter in parallel；The wave detector is the high resolution detector of seismic prospecting, using list
The form work of point serial section.
7. the measuring method of a kind of elastic wave reflex subtraction unit on shield machine, it is characterised in that：
Using cutterhead rotation measuring mode, the cutterhead is run with 0.2~0.5 cycle per minute velocity of rotation, is to swash every certain angle
Shake device and wave detector rotate certain distance measurement once, and the linear velocity rotated according to the cutterhead sets impulsing for the vibrator
The measuring point of interval time, i.e., one, and determine measuring point away from；It one week is 360 ° that the cutterhead is rotated, you can complete multiple measuring point shapes
Into circular measurement section, the time cross-section of a cylindrical shape or taper barrel can be formed after data treatment.
8. measuring method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：When forecast measurement is not made, wire is drawn with main frame
Wire departs from, in order to avoid wire winding during cutter head of shield machine headwork；Measurement when manually or manipulator by the wire with
The main frame extraction wire connection；Departed from by manually or mechanically hand after survey.
9. measuring method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is to measure the front of tunnel heading soil body and rock mass velocity,
Method of the vibration exciter to being impulsed in front of excavation face is set using in abutment wall：
A, the vibration exciter both sides arrangement towards face direction 3~4, the wave detector, formed a short survey line, institute
State vibration exciter and the wave detector is arranged on a support, by manually or with manipulator being pressed against on abutment wall, the vibration exciter
It is that parallel center line direction impulses along towards face, the back wave that the wave detector measurement comes from face direction；
B, the wire of measurement are connected with main frame always；
Main frame gives the signal that impulses when C, measurement, and the vibration exciter impulses and provides signal to be gathered；
D combines with the measurement result being located on cutterhead, calculates velocity of wave.
10. measuring method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The connection of circuit and cross complaint signal, in order for：
A. shield machine is rotated and started with measurement host：
B. the shield machine signals to the measurement host after being ready to；
C. the measurement host starts and is signaled to the shield machine, while giving the vibration exciter enabling signal；
D. the shield machine is rotated, and provides angular signal to the measurement host；
E. the measurement host provides excitation signal to the 1st group of vibration exciter of arrangement, and the vibration exciter is given and impulsed successfully
Signal to the measurement host, the measurement host to start to receive the 1st group of arrangement after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
The geophone signal of the vibration exciter both sides；
F. the shield machine constantly sends the angle signal of rotation, after turning certain angle, is measured with described in the time by a predetermined angle
Main frame provides the signal that impulses to the 1st group of arrangement vibration exciter, and the vibration exciter provides the pass signal that impulses to the measurement master
Machine, the measurement host starts to receive the 1st group of detection of arrangement vibration exciter both sides after providing beginning measurement signal, plus determination time delay
Device signal；
G. return to c~e so to repeat, to the shield machine corner, 360 ° are stopped；
H. the measurement host and 4 connections of the wave detector on the vibration exciter and the cutterhead are released, starts to make
The survey velocity of wave work of abutment wall.
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| CN201710129296.0A CN106703822B (en) | 2017-03-06 | 2017-03-06 | Elastic wave reflection method device installed on shield tunneling machine and measurement method thereof |
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| CN201710129296.0A CN106703822B (en) | 2017-03-06 | 2017-03-06 | Elastic wave reflection method device installed on shield tunneling machine and measurement method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN107085238A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-22 | 武汉大学 | Country rock velocity of wave construction apparatus for continuous and automatic measurement and method in a kind of TBM tunneling processes |
| CN107907908A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-13 | 北京水工资环新技术开发有限公司 | The minimum method and device shaken inspection and detected away from elastic wave reflex three-dimensional is done with drilling |
| CN110824552A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-21 | 山东大学 | Unfavorable geology detection system and method carried on shield machine |
| CN113219522A (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-06 | 山东大学 | Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield |
| CN113691159A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-23 | 山东大学 | Linear driving mechanism based on giant magnetostriction and shield tunneling machine |
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| CN113219522B (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2022-11-04 | 山东大学 | Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield |
| CN113691159A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-23 | 山东大学 | Linear driving mechanism based on giant magnetostriction and shield tunneling machine |
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