CN113219522A - Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield - Google Patents
Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield Download PDFInfo
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- CN113219522A CN113219522A CN202010080839.6A CN202010080839A CN113219522A CN 113219522 A CN113219522 A CN 113219522A CN 202010080839 A CN202010080839 A CN 202010080839A CN 113219522 A CN113219522 A CN 113219522A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/04—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/143—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft
- G01V1/155—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft using reciprocating masses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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Abstract
The invention provides an earthquake advanced prediction observation system and method carried on a shield, which comprises an annular observation equipment containing cabin distributed along the circumference of the shield, wherein a shock exciter and a geophone are contained in the observation equipment containing cabin, and the shock exciter and the geophone are both provided with automatic telescopic pieces and can drive the shock exciter and the geophone to stretch along the direction of an automatic telescopic rod, so that a rock is impacted to excite seismic waves, or the automatic radial stretching and installation of the geophone are realized; the other end of the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding manner, a sliding rail can be provided for the shock exciter, the front and back sliding of the shock exciter is controlled, the supporting rod is arranged on the lower portion of the sliding rail, and the rear end of the sliding rail can be automatically stretched and lifted to control the shock exciting angle so as to flexibly change the shock exciting position.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the field of advance prediction of unfavorable geology of a construction tunnel, and particularly relates to an advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on a shield.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
At present, China has developed into the countries with the largest tunnel construction scale, the fastest development speed and the highest construction difficulty in the world, and the vigorous development of tunnel construction puts great demands on safe and efficient tunnel construction. However, the construction tunnel has high requirement on the quality of surrounding rocks, has poor adaptability to unfavorable geology, needs to accurately find out the geological condition in front of the tunnel face in time and actively deal with the geological condition in construction, otherwise sudden disasters such as water burst, mud burst, collapse and the like are easily caused, the construction progress is influenced if the disastrous consequences such as machine-damaged people death are caused if the disasters are easy to cause, and the progress and the development of the tunnel construction technology are seriously restricted. Therefore, how to perform timely and accurate advanced geological forecast in the tunnel excavation process to find out the geological condition in front of the tunnel face becomes an important problem and challenge for safe and efficient tunnel construction.
The advanced forecasting method for the construction tunnel mainly comprises three types, namely an advanced drilling type, an electrical method type and a seismic wave type, and the seismic wave type advanced forecasting technology is a commonly used method. The construction tunnel seismic wave advanced forecasting method generally adopts an artificial or mechanical seismic source, the side wall behind a shield is shocked to generate seismic waves, detectors are arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall to receive the seismic waves, and the geological condition in front of a tunnel face is forecasted by processing and analyzing received signals. In the detection mode, a seismic source can only be excited by being vertical to the side wall, main energy components of the seismic source are transmitted by being vertical to the side wall, the energy components transmitted to the front of the tunnel face are relatively weak, and the front of the tunnel face is a detection area which is mainly concerned, so that the effective reflected wave energy received by a detector and coming from the front of the tunnel face is relatively weak; on the other hand, as the excitation point and the detector point are far away from the tunnel face, especially under the condition of crushing the surrounding rock, the energy loss of seismic waves in the process of surrounding rock propagation is strong, and the energy of a reflected signal received by the detector is further weakened. The energy spread to the front of the palm surface cannot be increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an earthquake advanced prediction observation system and method carried on a shield.
According to some implementation cases, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
an earthquake advanced prediction observation system mounted on a shield, comprising:
the device comprises an annular observation equipment containing cabin distributed along the circumference of a shield, wherein a shock exciter and a geophone are contained in the observation equipment containing cabin, and the shock exciter and the geophone are both provided with automatic telescopic pieces and can be driven to stretch along the direction of an automatic telescopic rod, so that a rock is impacted to excite seismic waves, or automatic radial stretching and installation of the geophone are realized;
the other end of the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding manner, a sliding rail can be provided for the shock exciter, the front and back sliding of the shock exciter is controlled, the supporting rod is arranged on the lower portion of the sliding rail, and the rear end of the sliding rail can be automatically stretched and lifted to control the shock exciting angle so as to flexibly change the shock exciting position.
As a further limitation, an annular automatic telescopic cabin door is arranged on the observation equipment containing cabin, the observation equipment containing cabin can be closed in the tunneling process of the construction tunnel, the cabin door is automatically opened in the advanced geological detection process, the geophone and the shock exciter are extended out, and advanced geological detection is carried out as required.
As a further limitation, when the annular automatic retractable door is closed, the outer wall of the annular automatic retractable door is kept flush with the outer wall of the shield.
As a further limitation, the annular observation equipment containing cabin comprises a plurality of cabins, 8 shock exciter cabins are equidistantly distributed near the front of the containing cabin, and a plurality of geophone cabins are equidistantly distributed near the rear of the containing cabin.
As a further limitation, the vibration exciter moves back and forth along the vibration exciter sliding rail according to the actual construction condition.
As a further limitation, the automatic telescopic part connected with the shock absorber can rotate left and right by taking the central axis of the shock absorber main body as an axis.
As a further limitation, the circumferential rotation angle of the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock absorber is 0-45 degrees, and the maximum rotation angle value in the single direction is 22.5 degrees.
As a further limitation, the tail end of an automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter is connected with a sliding block, the sliding block is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding mode, and a driving piece drives the sliding block to move.
As a further limitation, the vibrators are evenly distributed along the shield circumference.
As a further limitation, the detectors are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shield.
Based on the working method of the system, in the tunneling process of the construction tunnel, the outer wall of the annular expansion door is in contact with the surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; in the detection process, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is opened, the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the detector in the cabin extends out to contact and closely attach to the rock surrounding surface;
calculating the backward sliding length and the left and right rotating angles along the sliding rail according to the actual tunnel excavation condition, driving the shock exciter to sequentially rotate backward along the sliding rail and slide backward along the sliding rail according to the calculated values by the automatic telescopic piece, and extending out and then hammering the boundary position of the surrounding rock/the surrounding rock and the tunnel face to realize shock excitation;
when the earthquake waves generated by hammering the rock by the shock absorber are transmitted forwards and encounter unfavorable geology, the earthquake waves are reflected and transmitted back, all the detectors arranged on the surrounding rock receive earthquake signals, data processing and interpretation work is carried out, and meanwhile, the forward geological prediction condition is given.
And after prediction is finished, recovering each device.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
the wave detectors are mostly arranged at the rear shell of the shield in the conventional seismic wave advanced detection device, the wave detectors are advanced to the shield, the transmission distance of seismic wave signals reflected by unfavorable geological interfaces in surrounding rocks is shortened, the signal loss is reduced, and the energy utilization rate of reflected waves is improved.
Compare traditional artifical detector and lay the device, this disclosure can reduce because of the unstable noise that arouses of detector laminating country rock when arranging the detector in automation. The automatic detector laying device provided by the disclosure not only can realize automatic mechanical construction, but also provides a support perpendicular to the surrounding rock for the detector to be attached to the surrounding rock, thereby effectively reducing the noise caused by instability of the detector to be attached to the surrounding rock.
Compared with the existing automatic detector arrangement mode, the method can reduce the noise caused by the excessively flexible support rod of the detector. The automatic detector telescoping device that this disclosure provided is flexible only can not slip also can not rotate, compares in current automatic detector and lays the device, has reduced the noise that arouses because of the telescopic link shake when the detector laminates the country rock.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an observation equipment storage cabin in a machine body carrying position;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an observation device inside an equipment storage compartment and a layout of the compartment doors;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout view of a storage cabin and a cabin door of the tunneling state observation equipment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layout of an observation equipment storage compartment in a detection state (the automatic telescopic shock exciter hammers the surrounding rock);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a layout of an observation equipment storage compartment in a detection state (when an automatic telescopic shock absorber hammers a boundary position between a tunnel face and surrounding rocks);
wherein: 1 denotes a hob, 2 denotes a cutter head, 3 denotes an annular automatic telescopic cabin door, 4 denotes an observation equipment storage cabin, 5 denotes a shield, 6 denotes a main beam, 7 denotes an automatic telescopic detector, 8 denotes an automatic telescopic shock exciter, 9 denotes a shock exciter slide rail, and 10 denotes a slide rail support rod.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, an earthquake prediction observation system mounted on a shield includes:
the automatic telescopic shock exciter can realize automatic telescopic of the shock exciter so as to impact rocks to excite seismic waves and can rotate left and right around the central axis of the shock exciter;
the automatic telescopic detector can realize automatic radial telescopic and installation of the detector;
the observation equipment storage cabin can store an automatic telescopic shock exciter and an automatic telescopic detector;
the shock exciter sliding rail can provide a sliding rail for the automatic telescopic shock exciter and control the automatic telescopic shock exciter to slide back and forth.
The sliding rail supporting rod can automatically extend and retract to raise the rear end of the sliding rail so as to control the shock excitation angle.
The annular automatic telescopic cabin door can close the observation equipment storage cabin in the tunneling process of a construction tunnel, automatically opens the cabin door in the advanced geological detection process, extends out the automatic telescopic geophone and the automatic telescopic shock absorber, and performs advanced geological detection as required.
The automatic flexible exciters are installed and are set up in the cyclic annular observation equipment storage cabin of shield position, in this embodiment, 8 in total, are close to the cabin position equidistance distribution in shield the place ahead at the bottom of the storage cabin, and automatic flexible exciters can follow the exciters slide rail back-and-forth movement according to actual construction conditions, use the exciters main part axis to rotate about the axle, along the biggest rotatable angle value of unilateral 22.5 degrees.
Compared with the existing seismic wave shock device, the advantages of the embodiment are mainly embodied in two aspects:
compared with the existing earthquake wave advanced detection shock excitation device, the artificial earthquake source is arranged at the shell behind the shield, and the shock excitation energy utilization rate is further improved by changing the energy composition of the earthquake source and shortening the signal transmission path of the earthquake source. In the embodiment, the position of the seismic source is advanced to the shield, and the shock is performed on the surrounding rock near the tunnel face or the junction position of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock position near the face is hammered, the shock excitation position is advanced, so that the transmission distance of the seismic source signal in the surrounding rock is shortened, the signal loss is reduced, and the shock excitation energy utilization rate is improved. When the boundary position of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock is hammered, the signal components of the seismic source are changed from the original transverse wave as the main component and the longitudinal wave as the auxiliary component to the longitudinal wave as the main component and the transverse wave as the auxiliary component, and the energy of the longitudinal wave of the seismic source is far higher than that of the transverse wave, so that the utilization rate of the shock excitation energy is further improved by changing the signal components of the seismic source.
Compare current automatic shock excitation device, this embodiment can guarantee to shake stability when guaranteeing to cover the shock excitation along the tunnelling direction is complete. The automatic shock excitation device provided by the embodiment can only slide and can not rotate along the direction of the tunnel boring machine, can only rotate and can not slide along the vertical boring direction (the maximum rotation angle is 22.5 degrees), and 8 automatic telescopic shock absorbers are uniformly distributed at the front position of an annular observation equipment containing cabin, so that full-coverage shock excitation in the direction parallel to the tunnel face is realized; in addition, in the embodiment, the shock is excited at the junction of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock or at the position close to the tunnel face and the surrounding rock by automatically controlling the shock exciter to slide backwards along the slide rail, then lifting and raising the slide rail (a stable triangular structure can be formed) through the slide rail supporting rod and further automatically extending and retracting the shock exciter bottom to adjust the angle, so that the shock is more stable; in conclusion, the present embodiment can realize omnidirectional, stable and automatic shock excitation.
The automatic telescopic detectors are arranged in an annular observation equipment storage cabin arranged at the shield position, 16 detectors are arranged in total, the positions of the storage cabin bottom close to the cabin body behind the shield are distributed at equal intervals, the automatic telescopic detectors can be telescopic back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the surrounding rock, and the automatic telescopic detectors are not provided with tracks and cannot rotate.
In the first embodiment, when the automatic telescopic shock exciter hammers the surrounding rocks, the working condition can be as shown in fig. 4, a groove is formed in the shield position to form an observation equipment cabin, the cabin door is an annular automatic telescopic cabin door, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is closed in the tunneling process of the construction tunnel, the outer wall of the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is kept flush with the outer wall of the shield, and at the moment, the outer wall of the annular telescopic door contacts with the surrounding rock wall to support the surrounding rocks; in the detection process, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is opened, the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the detector in the cabin extends out of the space of the original annular automatic telescopic cabin door and is in contact with and tightly attached to the rock surrounding surface; the control center calculates the backward sliding length and the left and right rotating angles along the sliding rail according to the actual tunnel excavation condition, the automatic telescopic shock absorbers rotate leftwards (rightwards) and slide backwards along the sliding rail in sequence according to the calculated values, the automatic telescopic shock absorbers extend out of the original annular automatic telescopic cabin door space and then hammer the surrounding rock to realize shock excitation, and shock excitation is completed (a plurality of shock absorbers or all shock absorbers can simultaneously shock in the shock excitation process, and a single shock absorber can sequentially shock the surrounding rock). When the seismic waves generated by hammering the rock by the shock absorber are transmitted forwards and encounter unfavorable geology, the seismic waves are reflected and transmitted back, 16 detectors (the detectors are overlapped with the seismic source in the figure) arranged on the surrounding rock receive seismic signals and transmit the seismic signals to a control center for data processing and interpretation, and meanwhile, the forward geological prediction condition is given. And then the automatic telescopic detector is withdrawn, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates to the initial position, the automatic telescopic shock exciter slides to the initial position of the sliding rail along the sliding rail, then the sliding rail falls to the cabin bottom position, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is automatically closed, support is provided for surrounding rocks again, one-time detection is completed, and tunneling operation is continued.
In the second embodiment, when the automatic telescopic shock absorber strikes the boundary position between the face and the surrounding rock, the working condition can be as shown in fig. 5, and the specific implementation scheme is as follows:
the shield is provided with a groove, an observation equipment cabin is arranged, the cabin door is an annular automatic telescopic cabin door, in the tunneling process of a construction tunnel, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is closed and is kept flush with the outer wall of the annular automatic telescopic cabin door, and the outer wall of the annular telescopic door is in contact with the wall of surrounding rocks to support the surrounding rocks; in the detection process, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is opened, the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the detector in the cabin extends out of the space of the original annular automatic telescopic cabin door and is in contact with and tightly attached to the rock surrounding surface; the control center calculates the backward sliding length along the slide rail, the left-right rotating angle and the slide rail lifting height according to the actual tunnel excavation condition, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates leftwards (rightwards) in sequence according to a calculated value and slides backwards along the slide rail, then the slide rail support rod rises from the bottom of the cabin according to the calculated value, the bottom angle of the automatic telescopic shock exciter is adjusted, the automatic telescopic shock exciter extends out of the intersection position of the hammering surrounding rock and the tunnel face in the original annular automatic telescopic cabin door space to realize shock excitation, and shock excitation is finished (the shock excitation process can simultaneously excite a plurality of shock exciters or all shock exciters, and also can sequentially excite a single shock exciter). When the seismic waves generated by hammering the rock by the shock absorber are transmitted forwards and encounter unfavorable geology, the seismic waves are reflected and transmitted back, 16 detectors arranged on the surrounding rock receive seismic signals and transmit the signals to a control center for data processing and interpretation, and meanwhile, the prediction condition of the front geology is given out. And then the automatic telescopic detector is withdrawn, the automatic telescopic shock exciter rotates to the initial position, the automatic telescopic shock exciter slides to the initial position of the sliding rail along the sliding rail, then the sliding rail falls to the cabin bottom position, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is closed, support is provided for surrounding rocks again, one-time detection is completed, and tunneling operation is continued.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An earthquake advanced prediction observation system carried on a shield, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the device comprises an annular observation equipment containing cabin distributed along the circumference of a shield, wherein a shock exciter and a geophone are contained in the observation equipment containing cabin, and the shock exciter and the geophone are both provided with automatic telescopic pieces and can be driven to stretch along the direction of an automatic telescopic rod, so that a rock is impacted to excite seismic waves, or automatic radial stretching and installation of the geophone are realized;
the other end of the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding manner, a sliding rail can be provided for the shock exciter, the front and back sliding of the shock exciter is controlled, the supporting rod is arranged on the lower portion of the sliding rail, and the rear end of the sliding rail can be automatically stretched and lifted to control the shock exciting angle so as to flexibly change the shock exciting position.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the observation equipment storage cabin is provided with an annular automatic telescopic cabin door, the observation equipment storage cabin can be closed in the tunneling process of a construction tunnel, the cabin door is automatically opened in the advanced geological detection process, the wave detector and the shock exciter are extended out, and advanced geological detection is carried out as required.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: when the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is closed, the outer wall of the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is kept flush with the outer wall of the shield.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the annular observation equipment containing cabin comprises a plurality of cabin positions, a plurality of shock exciter cabin positions are distributed at equal intervals near the front of the containing cabin, and a plurality of geophone cabin positions are distributed at equal intervals near the rear of the containing cabin.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the vibration exciter moves back and forth along the vibration exciter sliding rail according to the actual construction condition.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter can rotate left and right by taking the central axis of the shock exciter body as an axis.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the system comprises: the circumferential rotation angle of the automatic telescopic piece connected with the shock exciter is 0-45 degrees, and the maximum rotation angle value along the single direction is 22.5 degrees.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the end of the automatic telescopic part connected with the shock exciter is connected with a sliding block, the sliding block is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding mode, and a driving piece drives the sliding block to move.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the shock absorbers are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shield;
or the detectors are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shield.
10. Method of operating a system according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that: in the tunneling process of a construction tunnel, the outer wall of the annular telescopic door is in contact with a surrounding rock wall to provide support for the surrounding rock; in the detection process, the annular automatic telescopic cabin door is opened, the telescopic door is stored behind the shield, and the detector in the cabin extends out to contact and closely attach to the rock surrounding surface;
calculating the backward sliding length and the left and right rotating angles along the sliding rail according to the actual tunnel excavation condition, driving the shock exciter to sequentially rotate backward along the sliding rail and slide backward along the sliding rail according to the calculated values by the automatic telescopic piece, and extending out and then hammering the boundary position of the surrounding rock/the surrounding rock and the tunnel face to realize shock excitation;
when the earthquake waves generated by hammering the rock by the shock absorber are transmitted forwards and encounter unfavorable geology, the earthquake waves are reflected and transmitted back, all the detectors arranged on the surrounding rock receive earthquake signals, data processing and interpretation work is carried out, and meanwhile, the forward geological prediction condition is given.
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| CN202010080839.6A CN113219522B (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2020-02-05 | Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield |
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| CN202010080839.6A CN113219522B (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2020-02-05 | Advanced earthquake prediction observation system and method carried on shield |
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| CN113219522B (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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