CN108798689B - Combined TBM and the driving method for realizing advanced pilot hole and advanced detection - Google Patents
Combined TBM and the driving method for realizing advanced pilot hole and advanced detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN108798689B CN108798689B CN201810554910.2A CN201810554910A CN108798689B CN 108798689 B CN108798689 B CN 108798689B CN 201810554910 A CN201810554910 A CN 201810554910A CN 108798689 B CN108798689 B CN 108798689B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
- E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
一种组合式TBM及实现超前导洞和超前探测的掘进方法，涉及隧道及地下工程施工领域。组合式TBM包括掘进方向相同的超前TBM和扩挖TBM，该组合式TBM实现分部开挖，提高了复杂地质条件下深部地下洞室开挖的灵活性及适应性，且操作方便，有利于极端条件下的TBM自主脱困；超前TBM开挖使围岩更充分地提前释放能量，大幅降低岩爆风险，且便于在超前TBM上布置各种岩爆预处理措施和各种超前探测手段，从而实现防治岩爆和对复杂地质条件进行超前探测的目的；超前TBM开挖形成自由面，有利于提高总体破岩效率，降低综合能耗；减小开挖造成的围岩扰动和变形破坏，有效减轻由围岩大变形造成的TBM卡机，有利于保障人机安全。
A combined TBM and an excavation method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection relate to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction. The combined TBM includes the advanced TBM and the expansion TBM with the same driving direction. The combined TBM realizes sub-excavation, improves the flexibility and adaptability of the excavation of deep underground caverns under complex geological conditions, and is easy to operate, which is beneficial to The TBM can get out of trouble under extreme conditions; the excavation of the advanced TBM makes the surrounding rock release energy more fully in advance, greatly reducing the risk of rockburst, and it is convenient to arrange various rockburst pretreatment measures and various advanced detection methods on the advanced TBM, thereby To achieve the purpose of preventing rockburst and conducting advanced detection of complex geological conditions; advanced TBM excavation forms a free surface, which is conducive to improving the overall rock breaking efficiency and reducing comprehensive energy consumption; reducing surrounding rock disturbance and deformation damage caused by excavation, effectively Reducing the TBM jamming caused by the large deformation of the surrounding rock is conducive to ensuring the safety of human and machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction, in particular to a combined TBM (Tunnel boring Machine) and a tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection.
Background
In recent years, the tunnel construction in China is vigorous, and the proportion of TBM construction is higher and higher. The TBM is a novel and advanced tunnel construction machine which utilizes a rotary cutter to excavate and simultaneously breaks surrounding rocks in a tunnel so as to form the section of the whole tunnel. Compared with the traditional drilling and blasting construction method, the TBM has the advantages of high tunneling efficiency, high tunneling quality, small surrounding rock disturbance and the like, can timely collect front data by matching with a forward detection system loaded on the TBM, can carry out geological forecast and calculation of surrounding rock deformation and the like by analyzing data, can ensure tunnel construction and mechanical safety to a certain extent, and provides certain geological basis for tunnel information construction. However, the adaptability of the TBM to geological conditions is poor, and serious accidents that the TBM machinery is stuck, buried or even scrapped are often caused by adverse geological factors such as faults, broken zones, karst caves, strong rock burst, weak large deformation, overlong, oversized buried depth and the like under complex geological conditions.
Present deep underground cavern excavation mainly adopts the subsection excavation method, often adopts the construction scheme that bores the method of exploding and combine together with TBM in the engineering, and to TBM, mechanical system is too huge, because the restriction of self structure, the flexibility of construction support is relatively poor, often causes the card machine, and TBM also often is forced the rock burst of direct contact high strength, and present supporting means can't guarantee effectively to bear extremely strong rock burst moreover, has the risk of collapsing.
In view of the above, it is desirable to design an excavation method that can ensure the flexibility and safety of excavation of deep underground caverns and avoid blocking due to large deformation or collapse of surrounding rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined TBM (tunnel boring machine), which realizes a combined excavation form of an advanced TBM and an extended excavation TBM, and ensures the flexibility and the safety of excavation of a deep underground cavern; and the rock burst can be prevented and controlled, the TBM blocking caused by large deformation or collapse of surrounding rocks is effectively reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is favorably improved.
The invention also aims to provide a tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection, which realizes subsection excavation, reduces the work energy consumption of TBM and is convenient to operate; by adopting the excavation method to excavate the cavern, the surrounding rock can release energy more sufficiently, surrounding rock disturbance caused by excavation is reduced, and the guarantee of man-machine safety is facilitated.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the utility model provides a modular TBM, its includes the leading TBM that the direction of tunnelling is the same and expands digs the TBM, leading TBM sets up along modular TBM's axis, expands to dig the TBM and surround in the leading TBM outside, leading TBM and expand and dig reserve the clearance between the TBM, leading TBM can follow the axis direction and remove.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tunneling surface of the expanded excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the tunneling surface of the advanced TBM, the cutter head I of the advanced TBM is disc-shaped, the cutter head II of the expanded excavation TBM is circular, and the cutter head II of the expanded excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the cutter head I of the advanced TBM.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the advanced TBM comprises a cutter head i and a rotary drive i which are connected in the tunneling direction, and a propulsion cylinder i, wherein a cutter is mounted on the cutter head i, the rotary drive i is used for driving the cutter head i to rotate and break rock, and the propulsion cylinder i is used for propelling the cutter head i.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the advanced TBM further includes an outer frame i disposed outside the rotary drive i and an outer frame upper support shoe i disposed behind the outer frame i, and two ends of the thrust cylinder i are respectively connected to the outer frame i and the outer frame upper support shoe i.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a bucket I is arranged behind the cutter head I and used for shoveling rock slag crushed by the cutter head I, and a belt conveyor I is arranged below the bucket I and used for conveying the rock slag out.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the expanding excavation TBM comprises a cutter head ii and a rotary drive ii which are connected in the excavation direction, and a propulsion oil cylinder ii, wherein a cutter is mounted on the cutter head ii, the rotary drive ii is used for driving the cutter head ii to rotate and break rock, and the propulsion oil cylinder ii is used for propelling the cutter head ii.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the extended excavation TBM further includes an outer frame ii disposed outside the rotary drive ii and an outer frame upper support shoe ii disposed behind the outer frame ii, and two ends of the propulsion cylinder ii are respectively connected to the outer frame ii and the outer frame upper support shoe ii.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a bucket II is arranged behind the cutter head II and used for shoveling rock slag crushed by the cutter head II, and a belt conveyor II is arranged below the bucket II and used for conveying the rock slag out.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a closed retractable shield is sleeved outside the advancing TBM or the extended excavation TBM, and an oil hydraulic cylinder is disposed between the retractable shield and the corresponding advancing TBM or the extended excavation TBM.
A tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection based on the combined TBM comprises the following steps:
s1, leveling the heading faces of the advanced TBM and the extended excavation TBM and aligning the heading faces to the position of the cavern to be excavated;
s2, fixing the position of the expanding excavation TBM, starting the advancing TBM, enabling the advancing TBM to advance for one stroke, and stopping the advancing TBM;
s3, starting the expanding excavation TBM, and enabling the expanding excavation TBM to tunnel for one stroke forwards;
and S4, repeating the steps S1-S3 until the excavation of the cavern is finished.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the combined TBM comprises an advanced TBM and an extended-excavation TBM which have the same tunneling direction, wherein the advanced TBM is arranged along the central axis of the combined TBM, the extended-excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the advanced TBM, a clearance is reserved between the advanced TBM and the extended-excavation TBM, the advanced TBM can move along the central axis, and the combined TBM realizes the combined excavation form of the advanced TBM and the extended-excavation TBM, thereby ensuring the flexibility and the safety of excavation of deep underground caverns; and the rock burst can be prevented and controlled, the TBM blocking caused by large deformation or collapse of surrounding rocks is effectively reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is favorably improved. The tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection in the embodiment of the invention is carried out by adopting the combined TBM, the method realizes subsection excavation, reduces the work energy consumption of the TBM and is convenient to operate; by adopting the excavation method to excavate the cavern, the surrounding rock can release energy more sufficiently, surrounding rock disturbance caused by excavation is reduced, and the guarantee of man-machine safety is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined TBM of an embodiment of the present invention in operation with a leading TBM;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined TBM of an embodiment of the present invention during the operation of a reaming TBM;
figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a tool head in a modular TBM in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a retractable shield in a combined TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-a combination TBM; 110-advanced TBM; 111-cutter head I; 112-rotation drive I; 113-a propulsion cylinder I; 114-outer frame I; 115-supporting shoes I on the outer frame; 116-bucket I; 117-belt conveyor i; 120-expanding and digging TBM; 121-cutter head II; 122-rotation drive II; 123-propulsion oil cylinder II; 124-outer frame II; 125-supporting shoes II on the outer frame; 126-bucket II; 127-belt conveyor ii; 130-telescopic shield; 131-precast concrete shell; 132-telescoping struts; 133-longitudinal steel bars; 134-retractable shield I; 135-telescopic shield II; 136-oil hydraulic cylinder I; 137-oil hydraulic cylinder II; 138-rear support I; 139-rear support II; 140-a cutter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally found in use of products of the present invention, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a combined TBM100, which includes a leading TBM110 and a diverging TBM120 with the same tunneling direction, where the leading TBM110 is disposed along a central axis of the combined TBM100, the diverging TBM120 is enclosed outside the leading TBM110, a suitable gap is reserved between the leading TBM110 and the diverging TBM120, and the leading TBM110 can move along the central axis. The advanced TBM110 is used for tentative excavation of a cavern, and the extended excavation TBM120 is used for extended excavation of the cavern, so that a combined excavation form of the advanced TBM110 and the extended excavation TBM120 is realized, and the flexibility and the safety of deep underground cavern excavation are ensured; and the rock burst can be prevented and controlled, the TBM blocking caused by large deformation or collapse of surrounding rocks is effectively reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is favorably improved. The clearance between the advancing TBM110 and the expanding excavation TBM120 is used for reducing the friction force when the advancing TBM110 is pushed to withdraw and the expanding excavation TBM120 is pushed to withdraw, and the advancing TBM110 is conveniently withdrawn by a trailer when a rock burst or a card is encountered; furthermore, the gap is provided with advanced detection equipment, and geological conditions and surrounding rock deformation are detected when the advanced TBM110 is used for tunneling.
Referring to fig. 4, the heading face of the extended TBM120 is surrounded on the outside of the heading face of the advancing TBM110, i.e. the cutterhead i 111 of the advancing TBM110 is surrounded on the outside of the cutterhead ii 121 of the extended TBM120, the cutterhead i 111 and the cutterhead ii 121 forming a cutterhead, and the surface of the cutterhead is provided with a cutter 140. Specifically, the cutter head I111 of the advanced TBM110 is in a disc shape, the central axis of the disc is positioned on the central axis of the combined TBM100, and the cutter head I111 of the advanced TBM110 can rotate along the central axis; the cutter head II 121 of the expanding excavation TBM120 is annular, the cutter head II 121 of the expanding excavation TBM120 surrounds the outer side of the cutter head I111 of the advance TBM110, and the cutter head II 121 of the expanding excavation TBM120 can rotate along the circumferential direction. A proper gap is reserved between the cutter head I111 of the advancing TBM110 and the cutter head II 121 of the expanding TBM120, and the cutter 140 arranged on the cutter head I111 of the expanding TBM120 cannot touch the cutter head II 121 of the advancing TBM110, so that the friction force between the cutter head I111 of the advancing TBM110 and the cutter head II 121 of the expanding TBM120 is reduced.
In this embodiment, the outer side of the advancing TBM110 or the extended excavation TBM120 may be sleeved with a closed retractable shield 130, an oil hydraulic cylinder is disposed between the retractable shield 130 and the corresponding advancing TBM110 or the extended excavation TBM120, and the retractable shield 130 and the oil hydraulic cylinder are used to support the advancing TBM110 or the extended excavation TBM 120. Referring to fig. 5, the retractable shield 130 specifically includes a precast concrete shell 131 rotatably installed at a designated position by a specific mechanism, retractable struts 132 capable of being retracted up and down to create a possibility for the shield to be retracted and to increase the flexibility of support, and longitudinal bars 133 anchored in the concrete shell for sharing the tensile stress in the shield, and particularly, a relatively large number of longitudinal bars 133 should be disposed at the lower left and upper right of the retractable shield 130. The telescopic shield 130 is closely adjacent to the casing of the propulsion shaft, and in the process of tunneling the combined TBM100, the telescopic shield 130 is installed in a follow-up mode through a manual control installation system, surrounding rocks are separated, and normal tunneling of the combined TBM100 is guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the advancing TBM110 includes a cutter head i 111 and a rotary drive i 112 which are connected in the tunneling direction, and a thrust cylinder i 113, that is, the cutter head i 111 is located at the front end of the advancing TBM110, a cutter 140 is mounted on the cutter head i 111, the rotary drive i 112 is located behind the cutter head i 111 and is used for driving the cutter head i 111 to rotate and break rock, and the thrust cylinder i 113 is used for propelling the cutter head i 111. Specifically, the advance TBM110 further comprises an outer frame I114 arranged on the outer side of the rotary drive I112 and an outer frame upper supporting shoe I115 arranged behind the outer frame I114, two ends of a propulsion oil cylinder I113 are respectively connected with the outer frame I114 and the outer frame upper supporting shoe I115, namely the propulsion oil cylinder I113 is located outside the frame of the advance TBM110 and behind the outer frame I114, and the propulsion oil cylinder I113 can propel the advance TBM 110; the supporting shoe I115 on the outer rack can stretch outwards and is used for tightly supporting the wall of the surrounding rock tunnel so as to fix the rack of the advanced TBM 110; a rear support I138 can be further arranged behind the propulsion cylinder I113 and used for supporting the advancing TBM 110. Be provided with I116 of scraper bowl behind I111 of cutter head and be used for scooping up the broken rock sediment of I111 of cutter head, I116 below of scraper bowl is provided with I117 of belt conveyor and is used for carrying out the rock sediment. The working system matched with the advanced TBM110 comprises a transmission case, a hydraulic feeding system and a geological detection system, specifically, a motor, a torque speed sensor and a speed reducer are arranged in a rotary drive I112, two ends of the torque speed sensor are respectively connected with the motor and the speed reducer and used for controlling the rotation of a cutter head I111 of the advanced TBM110, the hydraulic feeding system comprises a propulsion oil cylinder I113, and the propulsion oil cylinder I113 is hinged with a thrust rod and connected with a pressure sensor to realize feeding and retracting.
The advance TBM110 is used for tentatively excavating a cavern, when the advance TBM110 works, a worker installs a cutter 140 on a cutter head I111, a rotary drive I112 controls the cutter head I111 to rotate, a propulsion oil cylinder I113 propels the cutter head I111 to advance, and the advance TBM110 is slowly pushed out of the combined TBM 100. In the tunneling process, a worker controls a machine to install a telescopic shield I134 and an oil pressure cylinder I136, two ends of the oil pressure cylinder I136 are respectively connected with the telescopic shield I134 and an outer rack I114, and the telescopic shield I134 is stretched through the oil pressure cylinder I136. The supporting shoe I115 on the outer frame is used for tightly supporting the wall of the surrounding rock and fixing the frame of the advanced TBM 110; the rear support I138 is used for supporting the advanced TBM110, and is convenient to tunnel. The bucket I116 is used for shoveling rock slag crushed by the cutter head and is transported out of the hole by the belt conveyor I117. The geological detection system comprises a leading detection device and a rear analysis computer, wherein the leading detection device is arranged on the head of the leading TBM110 and used for detecting the front geological condition and deformation and transmitting the front geological condition and the deformation to the rear analysis computer to guide the construction of enlarging and digging the TBM120 in the pilot tunnel.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the expanding excavation TBM120 comprises a cutterhead ii 121 and a rotary drive ii 122 which are connected in the tunneling direction, and a propulsion oil cylinder ii 123, namely, the cutterhead ii 121 is located at the front end of the expanding excavation TBM120, a cutter 140 is mounted on the cutterhead ii 121, the rotary drive ii 122 is located behind the cutterhead ii 121 and is used for driving the cutterhead ii 121 to rotate and break rock, and the propulsion oil cylinder ii 123 is used for propelling the cutterhead ii 121. Specifically, the expanding excavation TBM120 further comprises an outer frame II 124 arranged on the outer side of the rotary drive II 122 and an outer frame upper supporting shoe II 125 arranged behind the outer frame II 124, two ends of a propulsion oil cylinder II 123 are respectively connected with the outer frame II 124 and the outer frame upper supporting shoe II 125, namely the propulsion oil cylinder II 123 is positioned outside the frame of the expanding excavation TBM120 and behind the outer frame II 124, and the propulsion oil cylinder II 123 can propel the expanding excavation TBM 120; the supporting shoes II 125 on the outer rack can extend outwards and are used for tightly supporting the surrounding rock tunnel wall, so that the rack for expanding and excavating the TBM120 is fixed; and a rear support II 139 can be further arranged behind the propulsion oil cylinder II 123 and used for supporting the expanding and excavating TBM 120. A bucket II 126 is arranged behind the cutter head II 121 and used for shoveling rock slag crushed by the cutter head II 121, and a belt conveyor II 127 is arranged below the bucket II 126 and used for conveying the rock slag out. The work system matched with the expanded excavation TBM120 comprises a transmission box body and a hydraulic feeding system, specifically, a motor, a torque rotating speed sensor and a speed reducer are arranged in a rotary drive II 122, two ends of the torque rotating speed sensor are respectively connected with the motor and the speed reducer and used for controlling the rotation of the expanded excavation TBM120 when the expanded excavation TBM120 is placed into a cutter head II 121, the hydraulic feeding system comprises a propulsion oil cylinder II 123, and the propulsion oil cylinder II 123 is hinged with a thrust rod and connected with a pressure sensor to realize cutter feeding and cutter retracting.
The expanding excavation TBM120 is used for expanding excavation of a cavern, when the expanding excavation TBM120 works, a worker installs the cutter 140 on the cutter head II 121, and the cutter 140 arranged on the cutter head II 121 of the expanding excavation TBM120 has enough strength and rigidity and can bear huge reaction force and shearing stress generated by rotary propulsion of the cutter head II 121 when a host machine tunnels. And the rotary drive II 122 controls the cutterhead II 121 to rotate, the propulsion oil cylinder II 123 propels the cutterhead II 121 to advance, and the expanding excavation TBM120 slowly follows the advancing TBM110 until the advancing TBM110 returns to the combined TBM100 again, so that the initial state of the combined TBM100 is recovered. In the tunneling process, a worker controls a machine to install a telescopic shield II 135 and an oil hydraulic cylinder II 137, two ends of the oil hydraulic cylinder II 137 are respectively connected with the telescopic shield II 135 and an outer frame II 124, and the telescopic shield II 135 is stretched through the oil hydraulic cylinder II 137. The supporting shoes II 125 on the outer frame are used for supporting the wall of the surrounding rock and fixing the frame for expanding and excavating the TBM 120; and the rear support II 139 is used for supporting the expanding excavation TBM120, so that the tunneling is convenient. And the bucket II 126 is used for scooping rock slag crushed by the cutterhead and is transported out of the hole by a belt conveyor II 127.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the embodiment further provides a tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection based on the combined TBM100, the position of a chamber to be excavated is determined before tunneling, the combined TBM100 is arranged at the position, cutters 140 are installed on a cutterhead i 111 and a cutterhead ii 121, a system is debugged, and tunneling is prepared, and the specific tunneling method comprises the following steps:
and S1, leveling the heading faces of the advancing TBM110 and the reaming TBM120 and aligning the heading faces to the position of the chamber to be excavated.
And S2, fixing the position of the digging TBM120, starting the advancing TBM110, driving the advancing TBM110 forward for one stroke, and stopping the advancing TBM 110. Referring to fig. 2, the specific process is as follows: the supporting shoes II 125 on the outer frame support the surrounding rock tunnel wall tightly and fix the frame of the whole combined TBM 100; a cutter head I111 of the advance TBM110 is driven to rotate by a rotary drive I112, a thrust cylinder I113 applies thrust to the cutter head I111, the advance TBM110 is slowly pushed out and is tunneled forwards, a supporting shoe I115 on an outer rack supports a surrounding rock cavity wall, the rack of the advance TBM110 is fixed, a rear support I138 provides support, a cutter 140 rotates along with the cutter head I111 while rotating, a rock mass is crushed, and collapsed rock slag is shoveled into a belt conveyor I by a bucket I116, conveyed to a belt conveyor II and finally conveyed to the machine for unloading. The propulsion cylinder I113 extends for a stroke, and the cutter head I111 and a component connected with the cutter head I111 correspondingly move forwards for a stroke. The propelling cylinder I113 contracts and stops propelling, the rotating speed of the cutterhead I111 of the advancing TBM110 is reduced to zero by a speed reducer, and meanwhile, a telescopic shield I134 and an oil hydraulic cylinder I136 are installed by a manual control machine to provide support.
And the advanced TBM110 carries out geological condition detection when heading forwards, the advanced detection equipment collects the front data, transmits the front data to a rear analysis computer for analysis, and carries out similar conversion on the parameters of the advanced TBM110 subjected to rock burst for guiding the construction of the pilot tunnel expanding excavation TBM 120. If the tunneling is normal, S3 is carried out; if the tunneling is abnormal, the card machine is confirmed, and the advanced TBM110 needs to be drawn back. The retractable shield I134 connects the leading TBM110 and its propulsion shaft to the trailer and is pulled back by the trailer. The method can enable constructors to make rock burst emergency plans in advance and reduce risks to the minimum.
And S3, starting the expanding and excavating TBM120, and enabling the expanding and excavating TBM120 to advance for one stroke. Referring to fig. 3, the specific process is as follows: the cutter head II 121 is driven to rotate by the rotary driving II 122, the propelling oil cylinder II 123 applies thrust to the cutter head II 121, the expanding excavation TBM120 is tunneled forwards, the cutter 140 rotates along with the cutter head II 121 while rotating, rock mass is crushed, and the collapsed rock slag is shoveled into the belt conveyor II by the bucket II 126 and is unloaded after being conveyed to the conveyor. The propelling cylinder II 123 extends for a stroke, and the cutter head II 121 and a component connected with the cutter head II 121 correspondingly move forwards for a stroke until the cutter head II is positioned on the same plane with the cutter head I111 of the advancing TBM 110. Meanwhile, a retractable shield II 135 and an oil hydraulic cylinder II 137 are installed by a manual operating machine to provide support. And (3) changing steps, retracting the supporting shoe II 125 on the outer frame, contracting the propulsion oil cylinder II 123, moving the outer frame II 124 forwards, matching the rear supporting II 139 in the step changing process, and recovering the original state of the combined TBM 100.
And S4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and starting the next stroke operation until the excavation reaches the specified distance, namely finishing the excavation of the cavern.
It should be noted that: in the tunneling process, the anchor rod in the rock body and the complete excavation surface support are tightly connected together through the connecting device, the rock body is prevented from being damaged by the aid of the impact resistance of the surface support, the load impacting a surface system is borne by the aid of the bearing capacity of the anchor rod, and the systematicness of the support is guaranteed.
In conclusion, the combined TBM provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes a combined excavation form of an advanced TBM and an extended excavation TBM, realizes subsection excavation, improves the flexibility and adaptability of deep underground cavern excavation under complex geological conditions, is convenient to operate, and is beneficial to getting rid of difficulties of the TBM under extreme conditions; the advanced TBM is excavated to enable surrounding rocks to release energy more fully in advance, so that the rock burst risk is greatly reduced, and various rock burst pretreatment measures are conveniently arranged on the advanced TBM, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and treating rock burst; the TBM is advanced to excavate to form a free surface, so that the overall rock breaking efficiency is improved, and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced; various advanced detection means are conveniently arranged on the advanced TBM, and the purpose of advanced detection of complex geological conditions is realized; surrounding rock disturbance and deformation damage caused by excavation are reduced, TBM (tunnel boring machine) blocking caused by large deformation of surrounding rock is effectively reduced, and human-computer safety is guaranteed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The combined TBM is characterized by comprising an advanced TBM and an expanded excavation TBM which have the same tunneling direction, wherein the advanced TBM is arranged along the central axis of the combined TBM, the expanded excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the advanced TBM, a clearance is reserved between the advanced TBM and the expanded excavation TBM, and the advanced TBM can move along the central axis;
a closed telescopic shield is sleeved on the outer side of the advancing TBM or the expanding excavation TBM, and an oil hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the telescopic shield and the corresponding advancing TBM or the expanding excavation TBM;
retractable shield includes precast concrete casing, telescopic strut and longitudinal reinforcement, the longitudinal reinforcement anchor is in the concrete casing the left side below and the upper right side of retractable shield arrange relative many longitudinal reinforcement.
2. The combined TBM of claim 1, wherein the tunneling face of the expanded excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the tunneling face of the advanced TBM, the cutterhead I of the advanced TBM is disc-shaped, the cutterhead II of the expanded excavation TBM is circular, and the cutterhead II of the expanded excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the cutterhead I of the advanced TBM.
3. The combined TBM of claim 1, wherein the advanced TBM comprises a cutter head I and a rotary drive I which are connected and arranged along the tunneling direction, and a propulsion oil cylinder I, wherein a cutter is installed on the cutter head I, the rotary drive I is used for driving the cutter head I to rotate and break rock, and the propulsion oil cylinder I is used for propelling the cutter head I.
4. The combined TBM as claimed in claim 3, wherein the advanced TBM further comprises an outer frame I arranged outside the rotary drive I and an outer frame upper support shoe I arranged behind the outer frame I, and two ends of the thrust cylinder I are respectively connected with the outer frame I and the outer frame upper support shoe I.
5. The combined TBM as claimed in claim 3, wherein a bucket I is arranged behind the cutterhead I and used for shoveling rock debris crushed by the cutterhead I, and a belt conveyor I is arranged below the bucket I and used for conveying the rock debris out.
6. The combined TBM of claim 1, wherein the expanded excavation TBM comprises a cutter head II and a rotary drive II which are connected and arranged along the excavation direction, and a propulsion cylinder II, wherein a cutter is mounted on the cutter head II, the rotary drive II is used for driving the cutter head II to rotate and break rock, and the propulsion cylinder II is used for propelling the cutter head II.
7. The combined TBM of claim 6, further comprising an outer frame II arranged outside the rotary drive II and an outer frame upper support shoe II arranged behind the outer frame II, wherein two ends of the propulsion cylinder II are respectively connected with the outer frame II and the outer frame upper support shoe II.
8. The combined TBM as claimed in claim 6, wherein a bucket II is arranged behind the cutterhead II and used for shoveling rock debris crushed by the cutterhead II, and a belt conveyor II is arranged below the bucket II and used for conveying the rock debris out.
9. A tunneling method for realizing advanced pilot tunnel and advanced detection based on the combined TBM as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, leveling the heading surfaces of the advancing TBM and the expanding excavation TBM and aligning the heading surfaces to the position of a chamber to be excavated;
s2, fixing the position of the expanding excavation TBM, starting the advancing TBM, enabling the advancing TBM to advance for one stroke, and stopping the advancing TBM;
s3, starting the expanding excavation TBM, and enabling the expanding excavation TBM to advance for one stroke;
and S4, repeating the steps S1-S3 until the excavation of the cavern is finished.
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| CN109736831B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2024-03-26 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Remote-control advanced tunneling TBM and construction method thereof |
| CN110259474B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2024-07-16 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Double-hob hydraulic-mechanical TBM cutter head combined rock breaking method and tunneling equipment thereof |
| CN110863519B (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2024-11-26 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Permanent support device for monitoring displacement of flat-top pilot tunnel roof and support monitoring method |
| CN111220567B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 山东大学 | TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method |
| CN112031787B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-03-29 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Breaking-in and expanding heading machine and construction method thereof |
| CN112593957B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-19 | 重庆文理学院 | Tunneling measuring machine capable of realizing remote control type TBM construction and using method |
| CN112983453A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-18 | 王义林 | Non-explosion medium and small tunnel drift or inclined drift tunneling rotary cutter |
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| JP2994951B2 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1999-12-27 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Shield excavator |
| CN102536254B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-05-07 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multistage-separation progressive shield cutter head |
| CN104265315A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Novel hard rock tunnel tunneling machine capable of expanding excavation |
| CN204804853U (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-25 | 北车建设工程有限责任公司 | Drum -type rectangular shield machine |
| CN107575241A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-12 | 康子纯 | TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out |
| CN208236418U (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-12-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Pilot heading combination type T BM and driving system |
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