CN107575241A

CN107575241A - TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out

Info

Publication number: CN107575241A
Application number: CN201710740926.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康子纯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-08-25
Filing date: 2017-08-25
Publication date: 2018-01-12

Abstract

" TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out ", including：The main frame cutterhead of expandable, the main frame shield and shell of expandable, TBM connecting bridge and the belt conveyor of Backup system and shield machine and the related transformation for being followed by equipment, the construction limitation of tunnel pipe sheet built are other；It is characterized in that, the main frame cutterhead of expandable, the main frame shield shell of expandable, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system and belt conveyor of shield machine and the related transformation and installation and removal for being followed by equipment, tunnel does not do other constructions in addition to pipe-plate lining is installed, and " TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " is realized the function that former road is exited.So as to enter the TBM and shield machine that do not move back to traditional over 200 years, maximum has been done once to improve, it is transformed into TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, both traditional TBM and shield machine had been preserved and has only entered the long-range constructing tunnel function of not moving back, increase the function of being exited in special operation condition and the long short distance constructing tunnel Zhong Youyuan roads of plug newly again, make TBM and shield machine further strengthened, have extensive use in civilian, military tunnel construction.

Description

TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out

Technical field：

The present invention relates to tunnel piercing TBM and shield machine technology

Background technology：

TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnelling device is shield machine, existing nearly 200 years history, first by Englishman proposes.1818, French engineer M.I.Brunel formally proposed shield hand excavation construction technology, patented.Hereafter Obtain tremendous development in Britain, after more than 70 years shield-tunneling construction in succession be passed to the U.S., France, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, by more than 100 years Development is improved, shield technique achieves great success, and shield machine family is increasingly huge, various functions, form, specification, the shield machine of size Come out one after another, adapt to the tunnelling of various geological hydrology conditions, in traffic (railway, highway, subway etc.), subaqueous tunnel, city Immense success is obtained in city's underground utilities, common trench engineering construction, turns into the indispensability machinery of modern constructing tunnel, all over the world Yield unusually brilliant results.In the 1990s, the success of Great Britain and France's chunnel (overall length 50.5km) is open to the traffic, established for shield machine technology Play a brilliant milestone.

China introduces shield technique from the 1950s, fast development is obtained after reform and opening-up, in equipment Imported From German EMH Company, day After this technology and equipment, China is in the construction of the infrastructure such as high ferro, highway, city underground, shield machine and TBM bodies aobvious greatly Hand.World brand is laid for China's high ferro, is that China's subway is in full flourish, has created illustrious exploit.Moreover, by state's peripheral hardware Standby digestion transformation, China in shield machine and TBM technical fields, also begin to create tool independent intellectual property right novel shield machine and TBM equipment.

The current shield machine of brief description and TBM technical overviews：

For TBM, its family is huge, and species is various, is divided with country rock, can be divided into hard rock TBM, soft or hard rock compatibility TBM, Soft scholar TBM；Divided in the form of shield, open type (single shield formula) TBM, double shields or more shield TBM can be divided into；With TBM excavation Diameter divides, and can be divided into miniature TBM (0.3~1.0M of diameter), small-sized TBM (1.0~3.0M of diameter), medium-sized TBM (diameters 3.0 ~8M), large-scale TBM (8~20M of diameter)；Divided with excavated section, circular section TBM, Shuan Yuanhuoduo garden TBM, square can be divided into Shape, the shape of a hoof, ellipse circular section TBM, etc.；Divided with the level in tunnel, perpendicularity, horizontal driving TBM, vertical shaft pick can be divided into Enter TBM, incline sinking TBM；Divided with tunnel radius of turn, Daqu chapter radius TBM (100~200M of radius of curvature) can be divided into, Small radius of curvature TBM (radius of curvature ＜ 30M), etc..

For usually said shield machine, foundation can divide baffle plate configuration between soil excavation face and texture machine operation room For open type, semi-open-type, three kinds of chest formula is closed, and to close the mud water type of chest formula, soil pressure formula (earth pressure balanced and supplying mud type soil pressure Balanced type is most common；Remaining situation is similar with TBM, does not repeat herein.

TBM and texture machine operation principle, by taking TBM as an example, it is typically, boots (11) stretching country rock hole wall is supportted on outer frame, Fixed host computer frame (14), propelling cylinder (10) apply thrust to cutterhead (1), and cutterhead (1) is driven by hydraulic motor (7) to be rotated, Cutter (the 1,2,3 of 3, Fig. 2) rotates about the axis to be rotated with itself, and Cutting Rock, the rock slag of avalanche is shoveled into belt conveying by scraper bowl Machine, unloaded after being transported to machine.Propelling cylinder (10) extends a stroke, and cutterhead (1) and the component being connected with cutterhead (1) are (including interior Frame (14)) accordingly move forward a stroke；Step is changed, support boots (11) are retracted, and propelling cylinder (10) shrinks, outer frame (9) edge Interior framework (14) is coordinated to reach, rear support (13) during step is changed, and TBM main frames recover reset condition, is started next Individual stroke operation.

The operation principle of shield machine is similar with TBM, does not also repeat herein.

Modern TBM and shield machine integrate light, mechanical, electrical, liquid, sensing and information technology, tool excavates, the cutting soil body (it is soft, Hard rock, soil layer), native slag (rock ballast), assembled tunnel pipe sheet built, and the function such as measurement and correction are conveyed, is related to geology, water The subject technology such as text, building, machinery, mechanics, hydraulic pressure, electric, control, measurement, and generally require according to geological hydrology condition With the requirement of artificial Tunnel Design, cut the garment according to the figure and determine body making, it is extremely complex, it can be rated as high-tech big machinery equipment.

At present, TBM and shield machine market in the world, with the soft or hard native development machine of Mitsubishi heavy industry, soil pressure balance type shield Structure machine, the NFM of German Wei Erte companies and spherical cutterhead shield machine, rectangle cutterhead shield machine, the extra large Rake company production of Germany The TBM of different geological states, the TBM of Luo Binsi companies of U.S. production are adapted to, it is the most famous.China's starting is very late, and reform is opened After putting especially in recent years, just rouse oneself to catch up in this field.

Modern TBM and shield machine, like in mythology native row grandson (《Apotheosize historical romance》) in mythical personage), in ground downlink " ground art of escaping ", freely walks, the dream before ancients' thousands of years, becomes animated reality.

But, current TBM and shield machine, there is a common big defect, be exactly almost without exception in addition to vertical shaft TBM Can enter to be moved back, and this is entered the one way driving not moved back and can be exhibited one's skill to the full in long-range constructing tunnel, several no problems, from one end Driving excavates from the other end.But if the large-scale solution cavity of karst topography is run into, or in the short distance constructing tunnel with plug (only Have a discrepancy hole), only enter the TBM not moved back and shield mechanism at present, just almost feel simply helpless, butcher's knife does not kill chicken, big material without The small use of method, puts not open trick to good use, and TBM and shield machine are just ossified before solution cavity or before plug, cannot move.And karst topography is normal It is commonly encountered；Tool plug only has the short distance tunnel of a gateway, the operating mode largely occurred in even more modern constructing tunnel, is related to the people With, military a large amount of fields, penetrate in the anti-width of traffic, urban construction, national defence or even outer celestial body, anti-meteorite hit, anti-extreme temperature In subterranean tunnel facility, it can run into.So eliminate 200 years TBM and shield mechanism only enters the big defect do not moved back, enable it into It can move back, just tool has very great significance, and makes modern TBM and shield mechanism, further strengthened.

With regard to this, it is proposed that the invention conception of " TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out ", to 200 years TBM and shield machine technology Have major operation, in the extended familys of modern TBM and shield machine, one major class of increase, which had both preserved original TBM and shield machine and only entered, does not move back , long-range constructing tunnel advantage, have concurrently again and adapt to there was only the short distance constructing tunnel of a gateway in special operation condition and tool plug The middle TBM free to go forward or back out and the newcomer of shield machine for freely retracting advantage, by modern TBM and shield machine skill upgrading to one New height.

The content of the invention：

It can only enter the major defect that can not be moved back to solve current TBM and shield machine, be allowed to be competent to advance and retreat -at will, for the modern times TBM and shield machine family increase the brand-new member of a major class, make modern TBM and shield machine technology further strengthened, meet traffic, city Build, celestial body tunnel construction needs outside national defence and space flight, it is proposed that " TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " invention conception.

The TBM and shield machine that this former road is retreated, should have following essential characteristic：

1. cutterhead can radially stretch, cutterhead is reached in maximum gauge, cutterhead outer most edge cutter chunk edge when exiting during driving Radially bounce back, the tunnel diameter for making cutter diameter be less than after installation pipe-plate lining, be that TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine original road are moved back Offer condition is provided；

2. TBM shield (either single shield or double shields or more shields) can radially stretch, during driving, shield reaches In maximum gauge；When exiting, shield radially bounces back, and shield diameter is less than the tunnel diameter after installation pipe-plate lining, can for that can enter TuiTBMYan Yuan retracts on road offer condition；The closure of shield machine, it should also meet that shell is reached in maximum gauge during driving；Exit When, shell radially bounces back, and diameter is less than the tunnel diameter after installation pipe-plate lining, retracts and carries along former road for shield machine free to go forward or back out For condition.

3. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, when the long-range constructing tunnel task do not moved back only is entered in execution, TBM connection Bridge, Backup system, the belt conveyor of shield machine and are followed by equipment, still maintain traditional design, connect legacy equipment；Holding When Hang Yuan retracts on road long-range constructing tunnel and tool plug short distance constructing tunnel task, TBM connecting bridge, Backup system, shield The belt conveyor of machine and equipment is followed by, legacy equipment need to be laid down, change traditional design, the dismountable longitudinal direction (axial direction) of reconfiguration is contracted Short connecting bridge, it is rear be equipped with equipment or belt conveyor and be followed by equipment, the main frame of TBM and shield machine is flexibly retreated, by Former road is exited.

4. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, pipe-plate lining is only only installed in tunnel without further laying steel Under the operating modes such as mounted track, just can freely it exit.

If freely being exited in the tunnel for being provided with pipe-plate lining and steelframe track, then expandable cutterhead energy edge is needed Tunnel axis deflects into horizontal level by upright position.Expandable shield need to be removed simultaneously or the bottom of shell is combined and spliced Formula shield sub-block or shell sub-block.

5. TBM and shield machine original road are retracted, to prevent underground water and silt from pouring in tunnel, injection can be designed on cutterhead The hand-hole of cement concrete, Pumping concrete forms separation layer before being exited for TBM and shield machine, then shrinks cutterhead and shield And before shield machine, in, tail shell, back away, and further injected by cutterhead inlet between cutterhead and excavation face Concrete, separation layer is further formed and reinforced, prevents underground water and silt from pouring in tunnel.

6. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, it is core component (cutterhead of main frame, shield to current TBM and shield machine Shield, shell etc.) major operation, big change are done, each core component of main frame need to be done and be laid out, redesign again；Also involve to TBM Connecting bridge, Backup system, belt conveyor to shield machine complete machine etc. do related design change and equipment changing.

7. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, its exit function is although of crucial importance, but no matter in long-range constructing tunnel Or in tool plug short distance constructing tunnel, the frequency that its exit function uses is extremely low, often only with once in whole constructing tunnel , this significantly increases TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out realizability and reliability.

Narration in detail is made to the principal character of the present invention below：

" TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " of the invention, including：The main frame cutterhead (1) of expandable, expandable Main frame shield (2) and shell (2), TBM connecting bridge and Backup system and the belt conveyor of shield machine and be followed by equipment Related transformation, the construction limitation of tunnel pipe sheet built (15) is other；It is characterized in that the main frame cutterhead (1) of expandable, The main frame shield (2) or shell (2) of expandable, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system and belt conveyor of shield machine with The related transformation and installation and removal of equipment are followed by, tunnel does not do other constructions in addition to installation pipe-plate lining (15), makes the present invention " TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " can realize the function that former road is exited.

The main frame cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) of the expandable it is characterized in that, the installation of cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) outer most edge Have 2N groups (N=4,5,6 ..., N by design selected) radial arrangement, by oil hydraulic cylinder (4, Fig. 2 the flexible cutter of 4) control (3, The 2 of Fig. 2), hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2) is housed on cutter, 2N groups hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2) radial position is staggered；TBM and shield machine are held During row driving task, (4) 4, Fig. 2 make to own (2N groups) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) circumferentially extending to dominant bit to oil hydraulic cylinder Put, cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is in maximum dimension D_max；When task is retracted on TBM and the former road of shield machine execution, and oil hydraulic cylinder (4, figure The 4 of 2) make to own (2N groups) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) and be contracted to minimum position, cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is in minimum Diameter D_min, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s, so as to be followed for cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) The tunnel Yuan Lu that installation pipe-plate lining (15) is also only provided with pipe-plate lining (15) retracts offer condition；2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (4, Fig. 2 4) the flexible cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of control all be equipped with displacement transducer, it is ensured that TBM and shield machine are in execution driving task Or when performing former road and retracting task, cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) that all 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinders (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) control can be accurate Maximum position is extended to, or is accurately retractable to minimum position, to tunnel forward or retracting offer condition backward；Expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) and cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) chute (6) and shield chamber (5) for supporting it, has enough strength and stiffness, energy Because cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) rotates huge reaction force and shear stress caused by propulsion when enough bearing main frame driving.

The main frame shield (2) and shell (2) of the expandable, it is characterized in that：The shield of TBM and shield machine (2) is (single Shield, double shields or more shields), shell (2) (preceding body case, middle body case, shield tail shell), expandable；TBM and shield When machine performs driving task forward, shield (2) or shell (2) circumferentially extending are to maximum gauge, i.e., equal to less than expandable Cutterhead (1, Fig. 2 1) maximum dimension D_max,；When task is retracted on TBM and the former road of shield machine execution, shield (2) or shell (2) are radially Minimum diameter is contracted to, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s, it is that TBM and shield machine host follow Pipe-plate lining (15) is installed the tunnel Yuan Lu of pipe-plate lining (15) is also only installed and offer condition is provided；TBM and shield machine The approach of shield (2) and shell (2) radial expansion, it is by traditional TBM overall garden tubular shield or the overall garden of shield machine Cylindrical outer casing, change and be designed to combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (2, Fig. 3 1,2,3, Fig. 5 2), by related oil hydraulic cylinder, (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,3) 5, Fig. 5 accurately control all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks The radial expansion of (the 2 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 3, Fig. 5) or all combined and spliced formula shell sub-blocks (the 2 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 3, Fig. 5), meets TBM and shield machine combined and spliced formula shield when tunneling (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of Fig. 3, The 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) maximum gauge equal to less than expandable cutterhead (the 2 of 1, Fig. 2,3) maximum dimension D_max；TBM and When shield machine original road is retracted, combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (2, Fig. 3 The 2 of 1,2,3, Fig. 5) minimum diameter be less than excavated and the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) be installed_sThe two are indispensable Condition, so as to the smooth driving for TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine and smoothly retract offer condition；TBM combined and spliced formula shield The design of the combined and spliced formula shell of shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or shield machine (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) Scheme can have multiple choices, and the present invention provides two kinds of schemes：

A schemes：By TBM overall garden tubular shield, it is divided into 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) group and combines Spliced shield sub-block (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3), or the overall garden cylindrical outer casing by shield machine, be divided into 2N (N=4,5, 6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) the combined and spliced formula shell sub-block of group (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3)；Every group of spliced shield sub-block (Fig. 3 2,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3), be made up of long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) and short arc sub-block (3 of Fig. 3)；All 2N The long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) of the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of group (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or Short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3), two oil hydraulic cylinders (8) (common 2N × 2) all arranged axially back and forth by main frame make radial expansion control System；The cross section of short orphan's block (the 3 of Fig. 3) is about trapezoid, and the cross section of long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) is about inverted trapezoidal；TBM When performing driving task with shield machine, the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of all 2N groups of oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) control (2, The 2 of Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) and short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3), it is all accurate Really stretching, extension causes design maximum position, makes the combined and spliced formula shield to be formed (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) or shield machine shell (2, Fig. 3 1,2,3), maximum dimension D of its maximum gauge equal to less than scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3)_max；TBM and shield Machine performs former road when retracting task, all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (2, Fig. 3 2,3) short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) controlled and shrink by oil hydraulic cylinder (the 5 of 8, Fig. 3), until exit combined and spliced formula completely Shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1,2,3 of 2, Fig. 3)；Meanwhile all combined and spliced formula shields of 2N groups The long arc sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) of sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), by oil hydraulic cylinder (8, Fig. 3 4) accurate control shrinks, until by the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of all 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (2, The 2 of Fig. 3,3) long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3), form combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) or shell (2, Fig. 3 now 2), its diameter is up to design minimum value, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15)；Control every group of group Close the oil of the long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) of spliced shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) Cylinder pressure (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5), it is equipped with displacement transducer, it is ensured that TBM and shield machine are retracted in execution driving task or former road and appointed During business, oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) it can accurately control all 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) combined and spliced formula The long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) of shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), stretching, extension or is received Maximum or smallest radial position is reduced to, makes the combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) of composition Maximum gauge equal to less than expandable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) maximum dimension D_max, suitable for TBM and shield machine Driving task；Or make the combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) of composition or the minimum diameter of shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3), it is small In having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s, task is retracted on the former road suitable for TBM and shield machine；In order to suitable Geological hydrology condition that should be complicated, it is ensured that combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) or shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) Reliability, A schemes of the present invention, following design also can be selected, in every group of combination shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block The long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4) of (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), is provided with one piece of protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4), protective sheet exceedes Long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 4) is covered, is put up in adjacent long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4)；In TBM and Shield machine performs former road when retracting task, the accurate control short arc sub-block of oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3, the 4 of 5, Fig. 4,5) (the 3 of Fig. 3, The 2 of Fig. 4) and long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4) contraction, make short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) exit combination spell Connect formula shield (the 1 of Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2) or shell (the 1 of Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2), combined and spliced formula shield (2, The 1 of Fig. 3) and shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3) reach in the minimum value of design, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel of pipe-plate lining (15) Road diameter D_s, and ensure that shield during this (the 1 of 2, Fig. 31, Fig. 4,3) and shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 31, Fig. 4,3) can have Effect prevents the intrusion of dregs and muddy water to TBM and shield machine host；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) with flat-top bolt (the 6 of Fig. 4) with Long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4) is connected, and protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) is changed when being easy to safeguard；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) thickness is included in group Close spliced shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2, 3) maximum extension diameter i.e. equal to less than the maximum dimension D of scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,3)_max, and it is included in combination The minimum of spliced shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2, Fig. 4,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2, Fig. 4,3) Contracted diameter (Fig. 1 D_min, Fig. 2 D_min) be less than and excavated and the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed；Control The length of combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) or shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) Arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) stretching, extension, shrink oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5, The 4 of Fig. 4,5), one end is hinged on outer frame (the 7 of 9, Fig. 36, Fig. 4), and the other end is hinged on long and short arc sub-block (2, Fig. 3 2,3, Fig. 41,2) on.

B schemes：It is all wing combined and spliced formula shield by 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) group cross section Sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) form the TBM shields (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) of expandable Or the shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) of shield machine；Wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) or the outer shell of combined and spliced formula Block (the 2 of Fig. 5), adjacent sub-blocks head and the tail overlap joint (the 2 of Fig. 5), by the accurate control combination splicing of 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) The stretching, extension and contraction of formula shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5)；Each combined and spliced formula shield Shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) are provided with two that main frame is arranged axially back and forth Oil hydraulic cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is made accurate stretching, extension and controlled with shrinking；When TBM and shield machine perform driving task, common 2N × 2 of 2N groups Oil hydraulic cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is stretched over design maximum position, makes combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 5,2) or combined and spliced formula Shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 5,2) is reached in design maximum diameter, equal to less than the maximum gauge of scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) D_max；When task is retracted on TBM and the former road of shield machine execution, common 2N × 2 oil hydraulic cylinder of 2N groups (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is contracted to design most Small position, reach combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) straight in minimal design Footpath, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s；For ease of combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (2, Fig. 5 2) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) stretching, extension and contraction, control they stretch with shrink common 2N × 2 oil pressure of 2N groups Cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5), it is arranged in radially (θ designs are selected) (Fig. 5) oblique pull into θ angle on outer frame (the 4 of 9, Fig. 5), one end hinge Wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) are connect, the other end is hinged to outer frame On (the 4 of 9, Fig. 5).

Compare A schemes and B schemes, because of the wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) of B schemes or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) are difficult to manufacture, therefore A schemes are better than B schemes.

The connecting bridge of the TBM and the belt conveyor of Backup system and shield machine and the related transformation for being followed by equipment, It is characterized in that TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, the connection of its main frame and TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, or and shield The belt conveyor of machine and the connection for being followed by equipment, should be detachable, high flexible；In TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out When execution long-range only enters the tunnel piercing task do not moved back, its TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, the Belt Conveying of its shield machine Machine and equipment is followed by, continues to use present legacy equipment completely, be not required to change；TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, performing short distance When only entering the constructing tunnel task do not moved back, or when executive chairman's short distance tunnel Yuan Lu retracts construction task, its TBM and shield machine Height of main frame is independent, connecting bridge and Backup system with TBM, and with the belt conveyor of shield machine and being followed by equipment, is It is readily disassembled, high flexible；Moreover, when performing both construction tasks, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, or shield The belt conveyor of structure machine and equipment is followed by, " compression " Curve guide impeller of tunnel axial direction should be done, make its shortening, be suitable for only entering not The short distance constructing tunnel moved back, and retract construction suitable for long short distance tunnel Yuan Lu；In addition, the facility such as other transport trolleys in tunnel, The construction requirement that above-mentioned TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine driving should be coordinated to be retracted with former road.

The construction limitation of the tunnel pipe sheet built, it is characterized in that, TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, performing former road , can only be under conditions of tunneling and being provided with pipe-plate lining (15) be also only installed when retracting task, could be satisfactorily real The task that existing TBM and shield machine original road are retracted.

Described other, free to go forward or back out TBM and shield machine, it is converse during using with driving when performing former road and retracting task Process exit tunnel step by step；Or it is aided with outside pulling equipment and hauls out tunnel.

TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, adapting to be provided with the tunnel Nei Yuan roads of pipe-plate lining (15) and steelframe track When retracting task, the scalable cutterhead of TBM and shield machine (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3), including the hydraulic motor (7) for driving it to rotate It etc. equipment, should be in succession connected to dumpling on outer frame (9), and control cutterhead to deflect 90 ° into horizontal position by upright position with oil hydraulic cylinder Put, while cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2,3) shrink, it is contracted to cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) Minimum diameter D_min, less than the tunnel diameter Ds for being provided with pipe-plate lining (15)；Further, it is necessary to manual demolition TBM free to go forward or back out and The combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of base section (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) of shield machine, remove control The equipment such as their flexible oil hydraulic cylinders (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) are made, are that TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine are being provided with pipe-plate lining (15) and the tunnel Yuan Lu of steelframe track retracts offer condition.

" TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " of the invention narration finishes.

" TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " of the invention, is the maximum to being done in 200 years TBM and shield machine development history Once improve, tradition is only entered the TBM and shield machine not moved back, change over free to go forward or back out, add TBM and shield machine such as tiger with regard to this The wing.

The superiority of the present invention is shown：

1. it remains to mount the equipment such as traditional TBM and shield machine a full set of connecting bridge, belt conveyor, hold without restriction The current TBM of row and shield machine only enter the long-range constructing tunnel task do not moved back；

2. it makes TBM and shield machine obtains the function that brand-new Zi Yuanlu is retracted, so as to undertake traditional TBM and shield Many constructing tunnel tasks that machine can not undertake；

Complicated geological hydrologic condition is run into, large-scale solution cavity, underground river such as karst topography, it can stop tunnel piercing, Xun Yuan roads Safe withdrawing tunnel；

It can undertake the long short distance constructing tunnel task of a large amount of tool plugs (an only gateway), including railway, public affairs Road, subway, the bifurcated short distance tunnel of urban construction pipeline, repair tunnel, material warehouse, bank vault, heritage archive storehouse, war preparedness mountain Hole, underground dangerous material, chemicals warehouse, nuke rubbish seal tunnel up for safekeeping, tunnel of having a nuclear test, physics laboratory tunnel, and border is secret prominent Anti- tunnel, the military installations (sub-base, missile base etc.), the tunnel such as underground missile silo, etc. in sea are entered by bank.This is The task that current TBM and shield machine can not be completed；Moreover it is possible to undertake the long short distance tunnel that tool plug is excavated in outer celestial body Road, for radiation proof, anti-meteorite hit, anti-extreme temperature astronaut is interim and permanent residence and lab space purpose；

TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, with the relevant device such as the independence of its main frame and connecting bridge, belt conveyor Tunnel is compressed axially, reduced weight, and this TBM and shield function is performed railway, the excavation construction in highway short distance tunnel, improves effect Rate, reduce cost.

The exploitation of the present invention, China will be made to lead world trends in TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine field.

Brief description of the drawings：

Fig. 1, TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine structural representation；

Fig. 2, TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine expandable cutterhead schematic diagram；

Fig. 3, TBM free to go forward or back out and the combined and spliced formula shield of shield machine A schemes or shell schematic diagram；

Fig. 4, TBM free to go forward or back out and the long arc sub-block and short arc of the combined and spliced formula shield of shield machine A schemes or shell The protective sheet schematic diagram of block；

Fig. 5, TBM free to go forward or back out and the combined and spliced formula shield of shield machine B schemes and shell schematic diagram；

Embodiment：

With reference to embodiment and brief description of the drawings, the TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out to the present invention, it is described further.

Embodiment：TBM free to go forward or back out, its scalable shield select A schemes.

TBM free to go forward or back out, including：The main frame cutterhead of expandable, the main frame shield of expandable, TBM company Bridge transformation related to Backup system is connect, the construction limitation of tunnel pipe sheet built is other.

The main frame cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) of the expandable, it is characterized in that：Cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) outer most edge is pacified Equipped with 2N groups (N=4,5,6 ..., N are selected by designing) radial arrangement, by oil hydraulic cylinder (4, Fig. 2 4) the flexible cutter of control (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2), hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2) is housed on cutter, 2N groups hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2) radial position is staggered；TBM performs driving During task, (4, Fig. 2 (2N groups) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) circumferentially extending that 4) makes to own to maximum position, makes knife to oil hydraulic cylinder Disk (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is in maximum dimension D_max；When task is retracted on the former road of TBM execution, oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) makes own (2N Group) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) is contracted to minimum position, and cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is in minimum diameter D_min, less than Excavate and the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed_s, so as to follow for cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) and install pipe-plate lining (15) the tunnel Yuan Lu for being also only provided with pipe-plate lining (15) retracts offer condition；2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) control is stretched The cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of contracting is all equipped with displacement transducer, it is ensured that TBM retracts task in execution driving task or the former road of execution When, the cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of all 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) controls, maximum position can be accurately extended to, or it is accurate Minimum position really is retractable to, to tunnel forward or retracting offer condition backward；Expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) and support its Cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) chute (6) and shield chamber (5), have enough strength and stiffness, can bear when main frame tunnels due to knife Huge reaction force and shear stress caused by disk (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) rotation propulsion.

The main frame shield (2) of the expandable it is characterized in that：TBM shield (2) (single shield, double shields or more shields Shield), expandable；TBM is performed when tunneling task forward, shield (2) circumferentially extending to maximum gauge, i.e., equal to less than can footpath To flexible cutterhead (1, Fig. 2 1) maximum dimension D_max,；When task is retracted on TBM and the former road of shield machine execution, shield (2) is radially received Minimum diameter is reduced to, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s, followed for TBM main frames and section of jurisdiction be installed The tunnel Yuan Lu that lining cutting (15) is also only provided with pipe-plate lining (15) retracts offer condition；The way of TBM shields (2) radial expansion Footpath, it is to change traditional TBM overall garden tubular shield to be designed to combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5), By related oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5, Fig. 5 3) accurately control all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks (the 2 of Fig. 3,3, Fig. 5 2) radial expansion, meet that the maximum gauge of combined and spliced formula shield during TBM drivings (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) is equal to Less than the maximum dimension D of expandable cutterhead (the 2 of 1, Fig. 2,3)_max；When TBM originals road is retracted, combined and spliced formula shield (2, The 1 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) minimum diameter be less than excavated and the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) be installed_sThe two Necessary requirement, so as to the smooth driving for TBM free to go forward or back out and smoothly retract offer condition；TBM combined and spliced formula shield (2, The 1 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) design can have a multiple choices, the present embodiment invention provides two kinds of schemes：

A schemes：By TBM overall garden tubular shield, it is divided into 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) group and combines Spliced shield sub-block (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3), every group of spliced shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) by long arc sub-block (Fig. 3's 2) and short arc sub-block (3 of Fig. 3) composition；The long arc sub-block of all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) (the 2 of Fig. 3) or short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3), two oil hydraulic cylinders (8) (common 2N × 2) all arranged axially back and forth by main frame are made Radial expansion controls；The cross section of short orphan's block (the 3 of Fig. 3) is about trapezoid, and the cross section of long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) is about Inverted trapezoidal；When TBM performs driving task, the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of all 2N groups of oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) control The long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) and short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) of (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), all accurate stretching, extension cause design maximum position, Make the combined and spliced formula shield to be formed (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) its maximum gauge equal to less than scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2, 3) maximum dimension D_max；When TBM performs former road and retracts task, all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3, 3) short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) controlled and shrink by oil hydraulic cylinder (the 5 of 8, Fig. 3), until exit combined and spliced formula shield completely (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) simultaneously, the long arc sub-block of all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) (2, Fig. 3 2,3), by oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3), accurately control is shunk, until by the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (2, Fig. 3 of all 2N groups 2,3) long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3), form combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) now, its diameter up to design most Small value, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15)；Control every group of combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (figure The 2 of 3,3) long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5), be equipped with displacement transducer, it is ensured that TBM when performing driving task or former road and retracting task, oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) can accurately control all 2N (N=4,5, 6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) the long and short arc sub-block of combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) (the 2 of Fig. 3,3), stretch Maximum or smallest radial position is opened up or be retracted to, makes maximum gauge of combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) of composition etc. In the maximum dimension D less than expandable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3)_max, the driving task suitable for TBM and shield machine；Or Make the minimum diameter of the combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) of composition, less than having excavated and be provided with pipe-plate lining (15) Tunnel diameter D_s, task is retracted on the former road suitable for TBM；In order to adapt to the geological hydrology condition of complexity, it is ensured that combined and spliced formula shield The reliability of shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3), A schemes of the present invention, following design also can be selected, every group of combination shield sub-block (2, The 2 of Fig. 3,3) long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4), one piece of protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) is installed, protective sheet exceedes long arc Sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 4) is covered, is put up in adjacent long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4)；Original is performed in TBM When task is retracted on road, oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3, the 4 of 5, Fig. 4,5) accurately control short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) and length The contraction of arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) is set to exit combined and spliced formula shield (Fig. 3 1,2,3, Fig. 41,2), combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3) is reached in the minimum value of design, less than having excavated and installed There is the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s, and ensure that shield during this (the 1 of 2, Fig. 31, Fig. 4,3) can effectively prevent slag Soil and intrusion of the muddy water to TBM main frames；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) flat-top bolt (the 6 of Fig. 4) and long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4) Connection, protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) is changed when being easy to safeguard；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) thickness be included in combined and spliced formula shield (2, figure The 1 of 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) maximum extension diameter i.e. equal to less than the maximum of scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) Diameter D_max, and it is included in minimum of contraction diameter (Fig. 1 D of combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2, Fig. 4,3)_min, Fig. 2 D_min), that is, it is less than and has excavated and the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed；The spliced shield of control combination (2, The 1 of Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) stretches Exhibition, the oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3, the 4 of 5, Fig. 4,5) shunk, one end is hinged on outer frame (the 7 of 9, Fig. 36, Fig. 4), separately One end is hinged in long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 3, Fig. 4,2).

The connecting bridge of the TBM it is related to Backup system transformation, it is characterized in that, TBM free to go forward or back out, its main frame with TBM connecting bridge and the connection of Backup system, should be detachable, high flexible；Long-range is performed in TBM free to go forward or back out only When entering the tunnel piercing task do not moved back, its TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, present legacy equipment is continued to use completely, is not required to Change；TBM free to go forward or back out, when execution short distance only enters the constructing tunnel task do not moved back, or executive chairman's short distance tunnel Yuan Lu When retracting construction task, its TBM height of main frame is independent, connecting bridge and Backup system with TBM, is to be readily disassembled, highly Flexibly；Moreover, when performing both construction tasks, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, " pressing for tunnel axial direction should be done Contracting " Curve guide impeller, makes its shortening, is suitable for only entering the short distance constructing tunnel not moved back, and retract and apply suitable for long short distance tunnel Yuan Lu Work；In addition, the facility such as other transport trolleys, the construction that above-mentioned TBM free to go forward or back out driving should be coordinated to be retracted with former road in tunnel It is required that.

The construction limitation of the tunnel pipe sheet built, it is characterized in that, TBM free to go forward or back out, task is retracted performing former road When, it could can only satisfactorily realize TBM originals road under conditions of tunneling and being provided with pipe-plate lining (15) is also only installed Retracting for task.

Described other, free to go forward or back out TBM, when performing former road and retracting task, using with process one converse during driving Walk and exit tunnel；Or it is aided with outside pulling equipment and hauls out tunnel.

TBM free to go forward or back out, task is retracted on the tunnel Nei Yuan roads for adapting to be provided with pipe-plate lining (15) and steelframe track When, TBM scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3), including the equipment such as the hydraulic motor (7) that it rotates are driven, it should be connect with dumpling It is connected on outer frame (9), and controls cutterhead to deflect 90 ° by upright position with oil hydraulic cylinder and be in a horizontal position, at the same cutterhead (1, figure The 1 of 2,2,3) expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2,3) shrink, cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is contracted to minimum diameter D_min, it is less than The tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed；Further, it is necessary to manual demolition TBM free to go forward or back out base section is combined and spliced Formula shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), the equipment such as control their flexible oil hydraulic cylinders (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) are removed, can for that can enter Move back TBM and retract offer condition in the tunnel Yuan Lu for being provided with pipe-plate lining (15) and steelframe track.

Narration of the embodiment of the present invention finishes.

Claims

" TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out " 1. of the invention, including：The main frame cutterhead (1) of expandable, expandable Main frame shield (2) and shell (2), TBM connecting bridge and Backup system and the belt conveyor of shield machine and it is followed by equipment Correlation transformation, the construction limitation of tunnel pipe sheet built (15) are other；It is characterized in that the main frame cutterhead (1) of expandable, can The main frame shield (2) or shell (2) of radial expansion, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system and belt conveyor of shield machine are with after The related transformation and installation and removal of equipment are connect, tunnel does not do other constructions in addition to installation pipe-plate lining (15), makes the present invention " can Enter the TBM and shield machine that can be moved back " function that former road is exited can be realized.
2. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the main frame of the expandable Cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) outer most edge is provided with 2N groups (N=4,5,6 ..., N are selected by designing) radially Arrangement, hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2), N groups (4, Fig. 2 4) the flexible cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of control, be equipped with cutter by oil hydraulic cylinder Hobboing cutter (the 3 of Fig. 2) radial position is staggered；When TBM and shield machine perform driving task, (4, Fig. 2 4) make owns (2N to oil hydraulic cylinder Group) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) circumferentially extending to maximum position, makes cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) be in maximum dimension D_max；TBM When retracting task with the former road of shield machine execution, oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) makes own (2N groups) Telescopic cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) receipts Minimum position is reduced to, cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) is in minimum diameter D_min, less than having excavated and be provided with pipe-plate lining (15) Tunnel diameter D_s, pipe-plate lining (15) is also only installed so as to be followed for cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) and install pipe-plate lining (15) Tunnel Yuan Lu offer condition is provided；The flexible cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 4, Fig. 2) control is all equipped with position Displacement sensor, it is ensured that TBM and shield machine when performing driving task or performing former road and retract task, all 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinders (4, The 4 of Fig. 2) cutter (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) of control, maximum position can be accurately extended to, or be accurately retractable to minimum position, be Tunnel forward or offer condition is provided backward；Expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2) and cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) chute for supporting it (6) and chamber (5) is protected, there are enough strength and stiffness, because cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) rotation pushes away when can bear main frame driving Huge reaction force and shear stress caused by entering.
3. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The main frame of the expandable Shield (2) and shell (2), it is characterized in that：The shield of TBM and shield machine (2) (single shield, double shields or more shields), shell (2) (preceding body case, middle body case, shield tail shell), expandable；When TBM and shield machine perform driving task forward, shield (2) Or shell (2) circumferentially extending is to maximum gauge, i.e., equal to less than expandable cutterhead (1, Fig. 2 1) maximum dimension D_max,； TBM and shield machine perform former road when retracting task, shield (2) or shell (2) radial contraction to minimum diameter, less than having excavated simultaneously The tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed_s, followed for TBM and shield machine host and pipe-plate lining (15) has been installed also only installed The tunnel Yuan Lu for having pipe-plate lining (15) retracts offer condition；The shield of TBM and shield machine (2) and shell (2) radial expansion Approach, it is by traditional TBM overall garden tubular shield or the overall garden cylindrical outer casing of shield machine, changes and be designed to combined and spliced formula Shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3, Fig. 5 2), by related oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,3) 5, Fig. 5 accurately control all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks (the 2 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 3, Fig. 5) or all combinations The radial expansion of spliced shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 3, Fig. 5), meets combined and spliced formula shield when TBM and shield machine tunnel The maximum gauge of shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) is equal to small In the maximum dimension D of expandable cutterhead (the 2 of 1, Fig. 2,3)_max；When TBM and shield machine original road are retracted, combined and spliced formula shield The minimum diameter of shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) is less than Excavate and the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed_sThe two necessary requirements, so as to be TBM free to go forward or back out and shield The smooth driving of machine and smoothly retract offer condition；TBM combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) or shield The design of the combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 2 of 2,3, Fig. 5) of structure machine can have multiple choices, and the present invention provides Two kinds of schemes：

A schemes：By TBM overall garden tubular shield, it is combined and spliced to be divided into 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) group Formula shield sub-block (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3), or the overall garden cylindrical outer casing by shield machine, it is divided into 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N It is selected by designing) the combined and spliced formula shell sub-block of group (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3)；Every group of spliced shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) Or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3), it is made up of long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) and short arc sub-block (3 of Fig. 3)；All 2N groups combinations The long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) or short arc of spliced shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) Block (the 3 of Fig. 3), two oil hydraulic cylinders (8) (common 2N × 2) all arranged axially back and forth by main frame make radial expansion control；Short orphan The cross section of sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) is about trapezoid, and the cross section of long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) is about inverted trapezoidal；TBM and shield machine When performing driving task, the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of all 2N groups of oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) control (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3, 3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3) and short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3), all accurate stretching, extension causes Design maximum position, make the combined and spliced formula shield to be formed (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) or shield machine shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2, 3), maximum dimension D of its maximum gauge equal to less than scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3)_max；TBM and shield machine perform When task is retracted on former road, all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) Short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) by oil hydraulic cylinder (the 5 of 8, Fig. 3) control shrink, until exit completely combined and spliced formula shield (2, The 1 of Fig. 3,2,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1,2,3 of 2, Fig. 3)；Meanwhile all combined and spliced formula shield sub-blocks of 2N groups (2, The 2 of Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) long arc sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3), it is accurate by oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3) Control is shunk, until by the combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of all 2N groups (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) Long arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3), form combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) now or shell (2, Fig. 3 2), its is straight Footpath is up to design minimum value, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15)；Control every group of combined and spliced formula The long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) of shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) oil hydraulic cylinder (8, figure The 4 of 3,5), it is equipped with displacement transducer, it is ensured that TBM and shield machine are when performing driving task or task is retracted on former road, oil pressure Cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5) it can accurately control all 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) combined and spliced formula shield sub-block The long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 3,3) of (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), stretches or is retracted to maximum Or smallest radial position, make composition combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) maximum it is straight Maximum dimension D of the footpath equal to less than expandable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3)_max, appoint suitable for the driving of TBM and shield machine Business；Or make the combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3) of composition or the minimum diameter of shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3), less than having excavated And the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed_s, task is retracted on the former road suitable for TBM and shield machine；In order to adapt to complexity Geological hydrology condition, it is ensured that the reliability of combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3) or shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3,2,3), A schemes of the present invention, following design also can be selected, in every group of combination shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (2, Fig. 3 2,3) long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4), one piece of protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) is installed, protective sheet exceedes long arc Block (the 1 of Fig. 4), short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 4) is covered, is put up in adjacent long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 4)；In TBM and shield machine When performing former road and retracting task, the accurate control short arc sub-block of oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3, the 4 of 5, Fig. 4,5) be (Fig. 33, Fig. 4's 2) and long arc sub-block (the 1 of Fig. 32, Fig. 4) contraction, short arc sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 33, Fig. 4) is exited combined and spliced formula Shield (the 1 of Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2) or shell (the 1 of Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2), combined and spliced formula shield (2, Fig. 3 1) and shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3) reach in the minimum value of design, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter of pipe-plate lining (15) D_s, and ensure that shield during this (the 1 of 2, Fig. 31, Fig. 4,3) and shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 31, Fig. 4,3) can be prevented effectively The intrusion of dregs and muddy water to TBM and shield machine host；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) flat-top bolt (the 6 of Fig. 4) and long arc Block (the 1 of Fig. 4) is connected, and protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) is changed when being easy to safeguard；Protective sheet (the 3 of Fig. 4) thickness is included in combined and spliced Formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) Maximum extension diameter is i.e. equal to less than the maximum dimension D of scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3)_max, and be included in combined and spliced The minimum of contraction of formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2, Fig. 4,3) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2, Fig. 4,3) Diameter (Fig. 1 D_min, Fig. 2 D_min) be less than and excavated and the tunnel diameter Ds of pipe-plate lining (15) is installed；Control combination Long arc of spliced shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) or shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 2,3, Fig. 4,2,3) Block (the 2 of Fig. 3), short arc sub-block (the 3 of Fig. 3) stretching, extension, the oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3, the 4 of 5, Fig. 4,5) shunk, one end is hinged On outer frame (the 7 of 9, Fig. 36, Fig. 4), the other end is hinged in long and short arc sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3, the 1 of 3, Fig. 4,2).

B schemes：It is all wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block by 2N (N=4,5,6 ... ..., N are selected by designing) group cross section (the 2 of Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) form the TBM shields (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or shield of expandable The shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) of structure machine；Wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5), adjacent sub-blocks head and the tail overlap joint (the 2 of Fig. 5) are spliced by the accurate control combination of 2N groups oil hydraulic cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) The stretching, extension and contraction of shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5)；Each combined and spliced formula shield Sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) are provided with two oil that main frame is arranged axially back and forth Cylinder pressure (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is made accurate stretching, extension and controlled with shrinking；When TBM and shield machine perform driving task, common 2N × 2 oil of 2N groups Cylinder pressure (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is stretched over design maximum position, makes outside combined and spliced formula shield (the 1 of 2, Fig. 5,2) or combined and spliced formula Shell (the 1 of 2, Fig. 5,2) is reached in design maximum diameter, equal to less than the maximum gauge of scalable cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) D_max；When task is retracted on TBM and the former road of shield machine execution, common 2N × 2 oil hydraulic cylinder of 2N groups (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5) is contracted to design most Small position, reach combined and spliced formula shield (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or combined and spliced formula shell (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) straight in minimal design Footpath, less than having excavated and be provided with the tunnel diameter D of pipe-plate lining (15)_s；For ease of combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (2, Fig. 5 2) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) stretching, extension and contraction, control they stretch with shrink common 2N × 2 oil pressure of 2N groups Cylinder (the 3 of 8, Fig. 5), it is arranged in radially (θ designs are selected) (Fig. 5) oblique pull into θ angle on outer frame (the 4 of 9, Fig. 5), one end hinge Wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 5) are connect, the other end is hinged to outer frame On (the 4 of 9, Fig. 5).

Compare A schemes and B schemes, because the wing combined and spliced formula shield sub-block (the 2 of Fig. 5) of B schemes or shell sub-block (Fig. 5's 2) it is difficult to manufacture, therefore A schemes are better than B schemes.
4. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connecting bridge of the TBM and after match somebody with somebody The belt conveyor of complete equipment and shield machine and be followed by equipment it is related transformation, TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, its main frame with TBM connecting bridge and the connection of Backup system, or with the belt conveyor of shield machine and the connection of equipment is followed by, should be removable Unload, high flexible；When TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine perform long-range and only enter the tunnel piercing task do not moved back, its TBM's Connecting bridge and Backup system, the belt conveyor of its shield machine and are followed by equipment, continue to use present legacy equipment completely, are not required to Change；TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, when execution short distance only enters the constructing tunnel task do not moved back, or executive chairman's short distance When tunnel Yuan Lu retracts construction task, the height of main frame of its TBM and shield machine is independent, connecting bridge and Backup system with TBM, And with the belt conveyor of shield machine and being followed by equipment, it is readily disassembled, high flexible；Moreover, applied performing both During work task, TBM connecting bridge and Backup system, or the belt conveyor of shield machine and equipment is followed by, tunnel axial direction should be done " compression " Curve guide impeller, make its shortening, be suitable for only entering the short distance constructing tunnel not moved back, and move back suitable for long short distance tunnel Yuan Lu Return construction；In addition, other in tunnel transport the facilities such as trolleys, above-mentioned TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine driving and original should be coordinated The construction requirement that road is retracted.
5. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the tunnel pipe sheet built is applied Work limits, it is characterized in that, TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, can only be in tunnelings simultaneously when retracting task on the former road of execution It is provided with and is also only provided with conditions of pipe-plate lining (15), could satisfactorily realizes TBM and the task that shield machine original road is retracted.
6. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, TBM and shield machine original road are retracted When, to prevent underground water and silt from pouring in tunnel, the hand-hole of injection cement concrete can be designed on cutterhead, for TBM and shield Pumping concrete forms separation layer before structure machine exits, before then shrinking cutterhead and shield and shield machine, in, tail shell, gradually Retreat, and further by cutterhead inlet to concrete is injected between cutterhead and excavation face, further form and reinforce isolation Layer, prevents underground water and silt from pouring in tunnel.
7. TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is described other, it is free to go forward or back out TBM and shield machine, when retracting task on the former road of execution, tunnel is exited step by step using with process converse during driving；It is or auxiliary Tunnel is hauled out with outside pulling equipment.

TBM and shield machine free to go forward or back out, retracted on the tunnel Nei Yuan roads for adapting to be provided with pipe-plate lining (15) and steelframe track During task, the scalable cutterhead of TBM and shield machine (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3), including drive hydraulic motor (7) that it rotates etc. to set It is standby, it should be connected in succession with dumpling on outer frame (9), and control cutterhead to deflect 90 ° by upright position with oil hydraulic cylinder and be in a horizontal position, together When cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2,2,3) expandable tool (the 2 of 3, Fig. 2,3) shrink that to be contracted to cutterhead (the 1 of 1, Fig. 2) minimum straight Footpath D_min, less than the tunnel diameter Ds for being provided with pipe-plate lining (15)；Further, it is necessary to manual demolition TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine The combined and spliced formula shield sub-block of base section (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3) or shell sub-block (the 2 of 2, Fig. 3,3), remove control they The equipment such as flexible oil hydraulic cylinder (the 4 of 8, Fig. 3,5), for TBM free to go forward or back out and shield machine be provided with pipe-plate lining (15) and The tunnel Yuan Lu of steelframe track retracts offer condition.