CN104663215B - A kind of breeding method of huge leafy tobacco bred - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides the breeding method of a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred, pinches when cigarette strain length to 30 40 leaves, stays 18 22, leaf；After cigarette strain grows axillalry bud after pinching, retain the axillalry bud in downward 25 axils in stem top, remaining axillalry bud is erased, enhances field management simultaneously, the axillalry bud selected and remain is cultivated into wooden fork cigarette；Treating that wooden fork cigarette Post flowering carries out pruning and repaiies colored reserving seed for planting, single wooden fork stays fruit numerical control system within 80.The method can promote huge leafy kind in routine growth season compared with prematurity, solves huge leafy cigarette strain at routine growth breeding in season difficult problem, is also applied for the hybrid seeding with huge leafy kind as parent.

Description

A kind of breeding method of huge leafy tobacco bred

Technical field

The invention belongs to tobacco breeding technical field, be specifically related to the breeding side of a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred Method.

Background technology

Tobacco is the primary raw material crop of cigarette, is also the Important Economic crop of China, and kind is flue-cured tobacco life The basis produced.In tobacco bred seed selection work, the reaction of most of tobacco germplasm counterglow length is not Sensitivity, but the leafy Performance of cultivar of minority " huge " goes out obvious short day property, and its growth vertebra meristematic cell only has Just can be divided into bud under the conditions of short-day, just can budding, bloom, as innovation No. five, Qiao Zhuan leafy, The leafy cigarette of official Song, the 581st, Kutsaga Mammoth the 10th, NC22NF, NC37NF etc..This kind of variety source In the cultivation in season of normal tobacco growing, leaf bud can only be broken up, and undifferentiated bud, up to up to a hundred leaves are still not Budding, even enter the winter also at long leaf, thus use conventional breeding method to be difficult to receive seed.To this kind of product Kind of resource can use the short-day first carrying out certain time to 7-14 piece leaf tobacco seedlings 12-18 DEG C in a low temperature of Process, the method being then transplanted to land for growing field crops again, promote bud differentiation, and then reach the purpose of breeding.But This method is comparatively laborious, trouble, time-consuming, cost is high, and when using this kind of variety source as miscellaneous When handing over parent, owing to its florescence is uncertain, thus florescence alternation is relatively difficult.Additionally, in breed breeding mistake Cheng Zhong, is also frequently run onto in " huge " leafy individual plant that some hybrid generations separate and some kinds Existing " huge " leafy variant, to such huge leafy cigarette strain, is to be difficult to use at low temperature short-day The method of reason retains seed, and some breeding units use the mode of tissue cultures to retain this kind of huge many The kind matter of leaf cigarette strain, but tissue cultures cost is high, and it is easily generated somatic variation.

Content of the invention

The present invention provides the breeding method of a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred, uses the method can promote huge Leafy cigarette strain solves huge leafy kind numerous for season at normal growth in routine growth cultivation in season compared with prematurity The problem planting difficulty.

The technical scheme that the present invention provides: the breeding method of described a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred, its feature Being: pinch when cigarette strain length to 30-40 piece leaf, retaining cigarette strain base portion is 18-22 to the place's of pinching number of sheets Piece；After after pinching, cigarette strain grows axillalry bud, axillalry bud to stem top downward 2-5 piece leaf, each axil A healthy and strong axillalry bud of selecting and remain retains, by unnecessary axillalry bud and downward 6th leaf of top and stem top and with The intrafoliaceous axillalry bud of lower blade is all erased, and enhances field management simultaneously, and the axillalry bud selected and remain is cultivated into wooden fork cigarette； The flowers are in blossom at Dai Chayan center puts latter 2-3 days, carries out pruning to wooden fork cigarette and repaiies flower and reserve seed for planting, for shortening the breeding phase, it is ensured that Seed is ripe under normal temperature, and each wooden fork cigarette stays capsule numerical control system within 20, and individual plant stays capsule number Control, within 80, gets final product sowing when 70%-80% capsule pericarp is brown.

In the inventive method, cigarette strain also includes step of topdressing at Physical property and cigarette wooden fork squaring period, employing of topdressing Change water pouring to execute, every mu of nitrogen topdressing amount 2-4Kg, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:2.0-3.0:2.5-3.0, when pinching The ratio of phase and cigarette wooden fork topdressing amount in squaring period is 1:1, Physical property dressing time for the previous day of pinching to pinching In latter 2 days, cigarette wooden fork dressing time in squaring period is that 70%-80% cigarette strain has 2-3 cigarette wooden fork to budding.

In the inventive method, cigarette strain also includes promoting axillary bud development before buddingging to cigarette wooden fork after pinching and stimulates bud Differentiation measure；Described promotion axillary bud development measure is to contain 6-BA on the pinch same day and after pinching the 2nd day with every liter The combination solution even spraying cigarette strain stem top downward 1-6 piece leaf model of 50-100mg and NAA 10-20mg Blade face, stem stalk and the axil enclosing, or in pinching cotton balls on the same day or writing brush dips in upper every liter of 20-50mg containing 6-BA It is coated at downward the 2-5 the axil in cigarette strain stem top with the combination solution of NAA 5-10mg；Described stimulation Bud differentiation measure is after axillalry bud of selecting and remain, with answering of every liter of 20-50mg containing 6-BA and NAA 5-10mg Join the downward 2-5 piece in solution even spraying cigarette strain stem top intrafoliaceous axillalry bud 3-4 time, every spray in 5-7 days Once, until cigarette wooden fork is buddingged.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) the inventive method is pinched when cigarette strain length to 30-40 piece leaf, stays leaf 18-22 piece, promotes armpit Bud is grown, and cultivates wooden fork cigarette, huge leafy cigarette strain can be made to yield positive results season at normal growth, can realize Huge leafy kind carries out breeding at routine growth season, and find during solving again breed breeding is huge The difficult problem of reserving seed for planting of leafy cigarette strain.

(2) the inventive method is pinched when cigarette strain length to 30-40 piece leaf and is stayed leaf 18-22 piece, cultivates wooden fork cigarette, It is able to ensure that huge leafy cigarette strain prematurity, and axillalry bud more manageability, with huge leafy kind for hybridization During parent, can florescence alternation on demand, and hybrid seed production yields can be improved.

(3) the inventive method controls each wooden fork cigarette and stays capsule number within 20, and individual plant stays capsule number 80 Within individual, to shorten the breeding phase, make seed ripe under normal temperature, ensure that the quality of seed.

The inventive method is applicable to the huge leafy of the tobaccos such as flue-cured tobacco, burley tobaccos, Maryland, local suncured tabacco The breeding of kind or cigarette strain and with its hybrid seeding as parent for the huge leafy kind.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this. Test method used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.

Embodiment one:

In late July, 2013, in the K326 breeding at tobacco Research Center breeding center, Hubei Province of Fang County of Hubei Province Tanaka finds a strain Multiblade individual plant, and blade reaches 38 and not yet buddings, and other cigarette strains of periphery have all been opened Bow structure fruit.Outside this cigarette strain disleaf piece is less than normal than other cigarette strains of K326, plant type and leaf characteristic and K326 Closely similar, variable rate technology is without any disease.Then it is marked, treat that the independent bagging of Post flowering is reserved seed for planting.But Due to workman's maloperation, this cigarette strain is pinched, stay 22, leaf.Then upper K326 is dipped in cotton balls or writing brush The combination solution of every liter having prepared during breeding 20mg containing 6-BA and NAA 5mg/L is coated in cigarette strain master At downward the 2-5 the axil in stem top.Meanwhile, by every mu of administration 2Kg purity nitrogen, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:3:3 Calculate, change water and impose fertilizer special for tobacco (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=10:12:20) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, equivalent Every mu of administration fertilizer special for tobacco 20Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5Kg.After one week, find that this cigarette strain grows Axillalry bud, then retains the axillalry bud of stem top downward 2-5 piece axil, and erases remaining axillalry bud.At ordinary times Note management, axillalry bud is cultivated into cigarette wooden fork.In order to stimulate bud differentiation, after final election retains axillalry bud, with every liter The downward 2-5 piece leaf in combination solution even spraying cigarette strain stem top of 50mg containing 6-BA and NAA 10mg Axillalry bud in armpit 3-4 time, every spray in 5-7 days once, until cigarette wooden fork is buddingged.When cigarette wooden fork is buddingged again Drench by every mu of purity nitrogen 2Kgization water and execute fertilizer special for tobacco and potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:3:3.8 Months 28 days, the flowers are in blossom at the first Ge Yancha center put, and 2-3 days subsequently, the middle disc flower of remaining cigarette wooden fork was also all in succession Open, then the flower, the Chinese olive that have opened on cigarette wooden fork are thoroughly removed, retain 6, top of cigarette strain stem leaf, Each cigarette wooden fork retains 3-4 piece leaf, and kills 2000-4000 times of liquid spraying cigarette wooden fork of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate with 20%, anti- Control oriental tobacco budworm, then with the nylon net bag that the specification of long 35-40cm, wide 25-30cm is 100-120 mesh Bagging is reserved seed for planting, and each cigarette wooden fork overlaps a mesh bag, within after bagging 15 days, carries out flower and fruit thinning, and each cigarette wooden fork stays capsule Really 15-20, individual plant stays capsule number 72, and kills the 2000-4000 times of liquid spraying of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate with 20% Cigarette wooden fork, prevents and treats oriental tobacco budworm.Outstanding achievement is gathered in the crops when 80% capsule pericarp is brown.

Embodiment two:

In February, 2014, by the seed of the Multiblade cigarette strain of results in embodiment one in Yan Keyuan Lichuan, Hubei Province Breeding base is sowed, and emerges normal, uses Normal culture technique to plant 30 at Germplasm Resources on May 5 Strain, late July blade raw more than 30 pieces and is not yet buddingged, and then selects preferable 10 strains of growing way to pinch, Stay 18, leaf, intend being reserved seed for planting by wooden fork cigarette.Remaining individual plant is not pinched, and gives over to observe and records.Pinched the same day, Pinched cigarette by the combination solution even spraying of every liter preparing in advance 100mg containing 6-BA and NAA 10mg The blade face of strain stem top downward 1-6 piece leaf scope, stem stalk and axil.Pinch the 2nd day, by every mu of administration 1Kg purity nitrogen, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:2.0:2.5 calculates, and imposes fertilizer special for tobacco to cigarette strain water of pinching (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=10:12:20) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, equivalent every mu of administration fertilizer special for tobacco 10Kg, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8Kg.Pinch the 3rd day, with compounding of every liter of 50mg containing 6-BA and NAA 20mg Solution even spraying again is pinched blade face, stem stalk and the axil of cigarette strain stem top downward 1-6 piece leaf scope. After cigarette strain of pinching grows axillalry bud, before axillalry bud length to 5cm, to stem top downward 2-5 piece leaf Axillalry bud, each axil healthy and strong axillalry bud of selecting and remain retains, by unnecessary axillalry bud and top and stem top to Lower 6th leaf and the intrafoliaceous axillalry bud of following blade thereof are all erased, and enhance field management simultaneously, will select and remain Axillalry bud cultivate into wooden fork cigarette.In order to stimulate bud differentiation, after final election retains axillalry bud, with every liter of 20mg containing 6-BA The intrafoliaceous axillalry bud 3-4 of the downward 2-5 piece in combination solution even spraying cigarette strain stem top with NAA 5mg Secondary, every spray in 5-7 days once, until cigarette wooden fork is buddingged.When great majority cigarette strain of pinching has 2-3 cigarette wooden fork When buddingging, again drench by every mu of purity nitrogen 1Kgization water and execute fertilizer special for tobacco and potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:3:3, equivalent every mu of administration fertilizer special for tobacco 10Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8Kg.September Upper, all cigarette Zhu Yancha center Huadus of pinching in the middle ten days open in succession, and now other kind cigarette strains have been gathered in the crops Seed simultaneously cuts strain, does not has other tobacco bred cigarette strains within periphery 800m, then decide not to perform bagging and Directly reserve seed for planting.The flowers are in blossom at Dai Chayan center puts latter 3-4 days, extracts disc flower in cigarette wooden fork, and erases the main inflorescence of cigarette wooden fork Following side shoot and secondary cigarette wooden fork, retain 3 and less than 3, cigarette wooden fork top 2-3 branch flower wooden fork, each cigarette wooden fork Staying the flower that 20-25 growth is close, retaining 6, top of cigarette strain stem leaf simultaneously, each cigarette wooden fork retains 3-4 Piece leaf.Stay capsule 60-80 by cigarette strain growing way individual plant.Before cigarette wooden fork Post flowering extremely results outstanding achievement, kill with 20% Go out 2000-4000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate spraying cigarette wooden fork 2-3 time, preventing and treating oriental tobacco budworm.Treat 70%-80% capsule fruit Outstanding achievement is gathered in the crops when skin is brown.The cigarette strain of pinching of early October great majority has all gathered in the crops seed, minority by cigarette wooden fork Cigarette strain of pinching is later than most has also gathered in the crops seed mid-October.And do not pinch cigarette strain late October raw More or less a hundred blade is not still buddingged, until by the end of November also at differentiation blade, it was demonstrated that 2013 in Fang County's discovery Multiblade cigarette strain be huge leafy type.

Claims (3)

1. the breeding method of a huge leafy tobacco bred, it is characterised in that: when cigarette strain length to 30-40 Pinching during piece leaf, retaining cigarette strain base portion to the place's of pinching number of sheets is 18-22 piece；Cigarette strain after pinching grows After axillalry bud, axillalry bud to stem top downward 2-5 piece leaf, each axil healthy and strong axillalry bud of selecting and remain retains, By whole to unnecessary axillalry bud and downward 6th leaf of top and stem top and the intrafoliaceous axillalry bud of following blade thereof Erase, enhance field management simultaneously, the axillalry bud selected and remain is cultivated into wooden fork cigarette；The flowers are in blossom at Dai Chayan center puts rear 2-3 My god, carry out pruning to wooden fork cigarette and repair colored reserving seed for planting, for shortening the breeding phase, it is ensured that seed is ripe under normal temperature, Each wooden fork cigarette stays capsule numerical control system within 20, and individual plant stays capsule numerical control system within 80, treats 70%-80% Capsule pericarp gets final product sowing when brown.

2. the breeding method of a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred according to claim 1, its feature exists In: cigarette strain also includes step of topdressing at Physical property and cigarette wooden fork squaring period, and employingization of topdressing water drenches to be executed, every mu Nitrogen topdressing amount 2-4Kg, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:2.0-3.0:2.5-3.0, Physical property and cigarette wooden fork squaring period The ratio of topdressing amount is 1:1, Physical property dressing time for the previous day of pinching to pinching in latter 2 days, cigarette wooden fork Squaring period, dressing time was that 70%-80% cigarette strain has 2-3 cigarette wooden fork to budding.

3. the breeding method of a kind of huge leafy tobacco bred according to claim 1, its feature exists Also include before buddingging to cigarette wooden fork after: cigarette strain is pinched promoting axillary bud development and stimulating bud differentiation measure；Described Promote axillary bud development measure be pinch the same day and after pinching the 2nd day with every liter of 50-100mg containing 6-BA with The blade face of the combination solution even spraying cigarette strain stem top downward 1-6 piece leaf scope of NAA 10-20mg, stem Stalk and axil, or in pinching cotton balls on the same day or writing brush dips in upper every liter of 6-BA 20-50mg and NAA 5-10mg Combination solution be coated at downward the 2-5 the axil in cigarette strain stem top；Described stimulation bud differentiation measure is After axillalry bud of selecting and remain, uniformly spray with the combination solution of every liter of 20-50mg containing 6-BA and NAA 5-10mg/L The downward 2-5 piece in fog dust strain stem top intrafoliaceous axillalry bud 3-4 time, every spray in 5-7 days once, until cigarette Till wooden fork is buddingged.