CN104641658B - 耳屏下耳机单元 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了耳内耳机单元的可舒适佩戴的耳屏下耳机单元。该耳屏下耳机单元通过将耳机与通过分开锚件提供的附着功能分开来实现技术效果,其中该耳机附着在所述锚件上。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及可取下耳朵附着的系统,尤其涉及耳机单元的可舒适附着的耳屏下耳机单元。
背景技术
无线或通过电线连在电话、音乐系统、开关板等上的麦克风/耳机组合体是众所周知的。存在多种多样的解决方案。
一种解决方案被称为“耳内”解决方案,其中也称为接听元件的发声设备进入耳道中。通常,将包含接听元件的外壳单元放置在耳甲内部以及耳屏和对耳屏内,而漏斗将声音管送到耳道中。时常,漏斗配有具有凸缘的衬垫以便抑制环境声音。通常,这样的设备使用耳道来附着。虽然该解决方案是紧凑的,有效地除去环境声音,以及为良好的音频保真创造了条件,但由于施加在压敏耳道上的压力,存在感觉不舒服的缺点。
另一种解决方案是“耳上”解决方案,其中靠着含有耳甲的耳朵地保持接听元件。这种几何结构为靠着耳甲地平坦放置宽接听元件创造了条件。与耳内解决方案不同,这种解决方案需要使接听元件保持在耳甲上的适当位置上的单独部件,像头上附着件、头环和耳上附着件那样,几种这样的部件在本领域中是众所周知的。这种解决方案是简单的,但由于用于保持的部件施加在耳朵上的压力,会长期感到不舒服。也可能存在环境声音进入耳朵中的问题,除非使用带来像尺寸大那样的其它缺点的完全包住耳朵的声音吸收垫。
第三种解决方案是“耳塞”解决方案,其中将包含接听元件的外壳单元放置在耳甲内部并且由耳屏和对耳屏保持在适当地方。这样,外壳单元也形成使接听元件保持在适当地方的部件。虽然是紧凑的,但由于施加在耳屏和对耳屏上的压力,缺点也是感到不舒服,此外,也难以排除环境声音。如果减小靠着耳屏和对耳屏的压力,则耳塞会相当松,容易脱落。
如下列专利文献所公开,第四种解决方案由本申请人提出:涉及具有C形状的耳机的WO/2002/045390;以及涉及含有曲件和弯曲部分的改进耳机的WO/2008/147215。两者公开了可稳定附着在耳朵的对耳轮上的舒适部件。前者公开了使听道在一定程度上保持对环境开放的开放解决方案。这比阻挡或隔绝听道的单元更舒适。这以允许环境声音进入为代价保持空气循环。
关于第五种解决方案,应该指如下列专利文献所公开的耳内扬声器:将接听元件放置到耳甲中、与耳上解决方案的那种垂直地面对耳屏的WO/2009/143055。问题是接听元件的稳定放置以及与当放置在耳朵中时接听元件的边缘压靠在耳甲的内壁上有关的不舒服。
还应该参考如下文献:
涉及耳道的插塞的GB833506,其中该插塞进入耳道中;
涉及耳甲稳定器的US5712453,其中头戴式耳机包含向下并朝着用户嘴巴延伸的管状延伸件或声管;
涉及包含弓状肋和垂直肋的具有D形状的非常灵巧耳机的WO2004/068896,其中该耳机配有适合戴者耳道的凸件;
涉及月牙状助听器的WO03/096745,其中所有数字都清楚表明月牙状设备不错地远离耳屏缩进;
涉及分别模制和雕刻以便适合用户的耳朵的插件的US3053061;
涉及耳饰的耳朵附着的FR2437802;
涉及耳朵附着的DE8911607U1;以及
涉及用在耳机单元上的声音抑制设备的DE10117705。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供含有既不会在耳道中引起不舒服也能够排除环境声音的改进附着件的紧凑和舒适解决方案的系统。
解决问题的手段
该目的按照本发明,通过一种耳屏下耳机单元来实现。
本发明通过将附着、换能、和可选堵塞功能分离成两个不同部分来达到上述目的:
相对于耳朵提供稳定附着的锚件;以及
与所述锚件连接和包含提供声音的换能器的接听元件,其中该接听元件配有孔隙,当将该耳机单元放置到含有耳甲和耳屏的耳朵中时,该孔隙进入耳屏下区域中,因此将声音投射到耳屏下区域中。
该孔隙可以是通过该接听元件的开孔。
该接听元件可以进一步配有含有音管开孔的音管,在该情况下,该孔隙是所述音管开孔。
可选的是,该接听元件提供堵塞。
可选的是,可以在该堵塞物上打上大到足以允许空气扩散,而小到足以防止声音传播的小孔。
本发明通过稳定地装配在具有对耳轮和耳屏的耳朵上的承载锚达到上述目的,该承载锚包含具有上端和下端的曲件,其中该曲件的一些部分沿着对耳轮的内部下降,其中该下端延伸到部分位于耳屏下面的延伸下端,以便当将锚件放置到耳朵中以及沿着耳屏间切迹的方向对锚件施力时,通过使对耳轮与耳屏保持基本不变距离防止耳甲畸变。
本发明的效果
超过现有技术的技术差异在于,提供了耳屏下系统,其中通过锚件而不是通过伸到耳道中的任何元件提供附着。
这些效果又产生了几种进一步的有利效果:
●使得可以避免像用于耳上解决方案那样的庞大保持部件,而是取而代之地使用像第四种解决方案的那些那样的轻质锚件;
●避免了与元件进入耳道中有关的不舒服感;
●使轻质结构成为可能;
●避免了与施加在耳屏和对耳屏上的压力有关的不舒服感;以及
●能够不对耳甲施加不舒服压力地稳定放置在耳朵中。
可选的是,还使进一步的有利效果成为可能:
●使不围绕耳朵使用大吸收垫就可以排除环境声音成为可能;以及
●使空气循环成为可能。
超过现有技术的技术差异在于,该锚件未充满整个耳甲,而是取而代之地包含两个支部,第一支部沿着对耳轮的内部下降,而第二支部延伸到部分位于耳屏下面的延伸下端。通常,当沿着当人站立时向下的方向对耳甲施力时,耳甲将沿着力的方向伸长而沿着与所述力垂直的方向变窄地有点变形,因此耳屏和对耳屏靠得更近。但是,当插入按照本发明的锚件时,两个支部将阻止变窄。同时,使力分散在大区域上。
这些效果又产生了几种进一步的有利效果:
●使得可以使用更轻的和更不引人注目的部件来附着;
●因耳朵变形较小而更加舒服;以及
●变形减小使没有不舒服感地比使耳甲变形的部件支承更大的负载成为可能。
附图说明
下面将结合在附图中示意性示出的示范性实施例进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1A示出了从外部看过去的人耳的解剖结构;
图1B示出了人耳的解剖结构沿着A-A的横截面;
图2A示出了从外部看过去将耳机单元插入耳朵中的本发明的操作原理;
图2B示出了第一实施例中沿着A-A的横切面中本发明的操作原理;
图2C示出了第二实施例中沿着A-A的横切面中本发明的操作原理;
图3和4示出了本发明的两个优选实施例;
图5A示出了附着部分从耳甲上的曲件延伸的插入耳朵中的改进承载锚;
图5B与曲件的平面接近地示出了图5A的改进承载锚;
图5C在不同角度上示出了图5A的改进承载锚;
图6示出了附着在承载锚上的声音抑制元件;
图7示出了附着部分通过耳屏间切迹从曲件延伸的承载锚的可替代使用;以及
图8A和8B示出了分别在未堵塞位置中和在堵塞位置中的接听元件。标号说明
如下标号和符号适用于附图:
具体实施方式
人耳的解剖结构
为了理解本发明的背景,知道如图1A所示,人耳,尤其外耳的解剖细节是重要的。也称为耳廓的外耳10包含多个重要特征件。最外面的是向上沿着耳朵的外围走并朝着过渡到耳轮脚12的颅骨进去的耳轮11。在这个耳轮11之内的是沿着向上方向分叉成对耳轮脚14的对耳轮13,对耳轮脚14包含被三角窝17分开的上脚15和下脚16。在对耳轮下面的是耳廊后沟18,再下面的是对耳屏22,对耳屏22与被耳屏间切口23分开的耳屏21相对,耳屏间切口23也被称为耳屏间切迹。再在这些之内的是耳甲24,耳甲24包含被耳轮脚12分开的耳甲艇25和耳甲腔26。
正好在耳屏之内并部分被其覆盖的是耳道30的入口。重要的是要认识到这个入口仍然是耳甲腔的一部分。耳道本身从耳甲的最深部分延伸到耳膜29,大约2.5cm的距离以及相对于耳屏近似4cm。耳道包含近似8mm横向软骨部分和近似16mm内侧骨部分。还应该注意到,在耳道中存在任何外来物通常都是相当不舒服的。耳道可从外部看见一部分,如在图1A中所指。
这个正好在耳屏21之内并部分被其覆盖的区域没有正式解剖学名称。由于这个区域是本发明的重点,具有与可舒适佩戴有关的声学和其它突出性质,所以为了本文件的目的已经将其称为耳屏下区域28,并显示在图1B中。耳道30处在耳屏下区域的下面。
形成本发明基础的原理
图2A示出了从外部看过去将耳机单元插入耳朵中的本发明的操作原理。直线A-A指示图2B和图2C的截面。锚件200包含具有上端212、下端214和弯曲部分218的曲件210。由于角度原因,不可能在所有图形中都清楚地示出锚件的所有组件。
基本原理是,通过将锚定功能200与接听元件350分开,可以不引起不舒服感地将接听元件350放置在最佳位置中。通过将接听元件进一步放置成使它伸入到耳道21的下面并进入耳屏下区域28中,没有与外来物进入耳道有关的不舒服感地将声音引入耳道中。接听元件350配有接听元件开孔352,其中开孔或孔隙面对从耳屏下区域延伸的耳道的开孔。
还应该注意到,通过分开锚定实现的接听元件伸到耳屏下面。这可以以几种方式实现。
在第一实施例中,将具有电声换能器360的形式的接听元件350放置在耳屏的下面。使所述接听元件的尺寸适合装在耳屏下区域中。图2B示意性地示出了上述构造。
在第二实施例中,接听元件350包含附着在配有音管开孔356的音管354上的电声换能器360。只要音管小于具有分别与15m到15mm的波长相对应的通常20Hz到20000Hz的频率的声音的长度,就不会有显著失真地传导声音,并且使有效孔隙变成音管的开孔。
这个第二实施例通过远离耳屏地缩进,使拥有比第一实施例大的电声换能器成为可能。由于有效接听元件是漏斗的端部,以及这个端部伸入耳屏下区域中,所以技术效果与第一实施例相同。图2C示意性地示出了上述构造。
这个第二实施例还使电声换能器的取向在不与音管开孔的平面平行的角度上成为可能。优选的是,这个音管开孔与耳道上的入口垂直。
应该注意到,耳上构造将牵涉到具有尤其与耳甲的尺寸有关,但潜在地也与按照第五种解决方案的接听元件的尺寸有关的高频声音的波长的数量级的结构。
在一个实施例中,音管不与耳甲或耳屏接触。分开距离与声音的波长相比很小,因此,这导致环境声音取决于分开距离、音管的长度和声阻抗失配地得到抑制。
实现本发明的最佳方式
显示在图3和4中的按照本发明的耳机单元的实施例包含类似于本申请人如公开在WO/2002/045390中的申请、具体地说、C形状的锚件;和如公开在WO/2008/147215中的含有曲件210和弯曲部分218的改进耳机,该曲件具有上端212和下端214。具有电声换能器360的形式的接听元件350形成外壳300的一部分,外壳300又附在所述锚件上,以便当耳机单元被放置在含有耳甲和耳屏的耳朵中时,该接听元件进入耳甲24被耳屏21覆盖的耳屏下区域28中。
接听元件350进一步配有基本上围绕接听元件的外围安排的衬垫370,以便进一步稳定接听元件的位置,以及额外抑制环境声音。该衬垫优选的是由不会施加不舒服压力地容易使本身的形状变成耳朵的解剖细节的形式的弹性材料制成。所述衬垫进一步优选的是可拆卸的,以便如果喜欢听到一些环境声音,或在不同尺寸和形状之间改变以便选择最舒适尺寸和形状,则用户可以取下它。该衬垫可以包含一个或多个凸缘372。
外壳300是锚件200和接听元件350之间的机械接口,通常适用于容纳电子线路、电线附着件等。
虽然锚件在现有技术中被显示成具有清楚定义的下端,但在限定的范围内可以将下端嵌入像外壳部分那样的较大单元中。图3和图4两者都示出了这样围绕下端的较大部分。由于角度原因,不可能在所有图形中都清楚地示出锚件的所有组件。
可替代实施例
可以想像出上述实施例的许多变种。例如,环境声音的抑制可以通过将声音抑制单元600附在锚件上来实现。将所述声音抑制单元放置成,当将耳机单元放置到耳朵中时,该声音抑制元件处在耳甲上。这种情况显示在图6中。
该声音抑制元件通常包含壳体610和与附着部分620的连接器。该附着部分适合与附着端504连接。
这种解决方案避免了像头上附着件、头环和耳上附着件那样的外部附着部件。
该声音抑制单元可以通过延伸到三角窝17中的部分和/或延伸到耳轮11顶部上的褶皱下面的部分进一步达到稳定。
取决于声音抑制单元的尺寸和质量以及用户的预期身体活动,可以针对比公开在WO/2002/045390和WO/2008/147215中大的承载能力优化锚件。现有技术公开了轻质应用的舒适锚件。在这种背景下轻质意味着重量小到当被放置到耳朵中时耳甲的畸变微不足道。本发明人发现,如果将锚件修改成补偿或防止所述畸变,则可以支持较大重量。本发明人还发现,较大的重量沿着重力的方向下拉耳甲。如果用户躺着,则压力施加在对耳轮上,曲件将使力分散在足够大区域上来避免这个问题。如果用户笔直地站着,则力取而代之地沿着耳屏间切迹的方向施加。这将导致耳甲被下拉并且也变窄,使得耳屏附近的区域接近对耳屏附近的区域。
本发明已经发现,通过使锚件200的下端214沿着耳轮脚12的方向进一步延伸到延伸下端216,通过使力分散在较宽区域上以及通过抵消使耳甲变窄的力可以克服畸变的问题。同时还发现,锚件的上端不必伸入覆盖被耳朵的对耳轮的下结节覆盖的空腔的下部的皮瓣的下面。这种承载锚以强调曲件210中的可选弯曲部分218的角度显示在图5B中,提供了改进附着件。图5A示出了插入耳朵的含有向下延伸的部分的承载锚,而图5C示出了没有向下延伸的部分的锚件。
通过让锚件的上端与耳轮的前部和/或耳轮脚接合,可以进一步提高承载能力。
这样的构造除了容纳声音抑制元件之外,还具有范围广泛的应用。例如,可以用于容纳耳饰以及避免为了附着目的而必须在耳垂上打洞。这样的饰物可以重到传统的耳朵附着会感到不舒服的程度。
这样的附着通常通过在第一端上与曲件、外壳或两者连接和适用于附着在外部单元上的叫做附着部分500的适配器。通常,该附着部分配有附着臂502,以便使附着相对于耳甲偏移一段距离。在通常与附着部分的第一端相对的附着部分的第二端上,提供了附着端504。优选的是,这个附着端使在锚件仍然插在耳朵中的同时有引导地附着在外部单元上和/或从外部单元上拆卸下来成为可能。
在许多情况下,该附着部分从正好在耳甲外部的区域直接延伸出来。在需要进一步稳定或承载能力的情况下,该附着部分通过耳屏间切迹延伸,可选的是与耳屏间切迹接触。
从承载锚延伸出来的部分将形成方便的和卫生的附着件。在一个优选实施例中,该附着部分将通过耳屏间切迹延从锚件延伸出来。这种情况显示在图7中。
可选的是,耳机单元可以配有为电池、电子线路、天线或电线附着设施提供空间的向下延伸部分400。这也具有通过降低重心提供稳定性的好处。优选的是,这个向下延伸部分通过耳屏间切迹,因此提供额外稳定性。
这个向下延伸部分还可以为附着部分提供方便的基础。
以前的各种解决方案在堵塞和排除或包括环境声音的能力方面具有不同性质。
类型 | 描述 | 堵塞 |
1 | 耳内 | 非常好 |
2a | 没有垫的耳上 | 开放的 |
2b | 有垫的耳上 | 相当好 |
3 | 耳塞 | 好 |
4 | C形状 | 非常开放的 |
5 | 成角度接听元件 | 开放的 |
要懂得的是,现有技术中的堵塞是设计的固有性质,并且是固定的,像给耳塞配上额外衬垫那样只作极少调整就可以提高堵塞程度。
本发明的发明人认识到,通过将附着功能分离成与接听元件分开的锚件,可以在接听元件堵塞耳道的开孔的第一内部位置上提供堵塞,并且可以相对于锚件缩进到在接听元件与耳甲之间打开通道的第二位置。应该注意到,该缩进可以远离耳屏,远离耳甲与耳屏相对的一侧或两者。在这种背景下该缩进意味着向外运动以及减小接听元件的横截面两者,例如,通过缓冲元件的膨胀或可选地包含凸缘的衬垫的缩进。这样做的效果是围绕在第一位置中堵塞的部分打开一条通道。图8A和8B示出了分别在未堵塞位置中和在堵塞位置中的接听单元。
第一和第二位置之间的调整可以不从耳朵中取下耳机单元地作出。可以想像,通过像警告声那样的输入或听音乐与打电话之间的切换功能,可以自动,例如,机电地改变位置。
该锚件可以呈现许多形式,只要无需耳道附着地在耳朵中提供稳定锚定以及仍然在本发明的范围之内即可。这样的可替代锚件可以基于像头上附着件、头环和耳上附着件那样的现有技术。
工业可应用性
按照本申请的发明可以用在容纳接听元件、和像声音抑制元件那样的外部元件的耳朵附着单元中。
Claims (7)
1.一种耳屏下耳机单元(100),包含:
被配置以相对于耳朵提供耳机单元的稳定附着的锚件(200);以及
与所述锚件连接和包含被配置以提供声音的换能器的接听元件(350),
其中该接听元件配有孔隙,
其特征在于,耳机单元(100)被配置使得
当将该耳机单元放置到含有耳甲(24)、耳屏(21)和耳道(30)的耳朵中时,该孔隙(352,356)进入耳屏下区域(28)中,以便将声音投射到耳屏下区域中,耳屏下区域是耳甲(24)的部分,其至少部分由耳屏(21)覆盖,并且所述孔隙面对耳道的开孔使得将声音引入耳道中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的耳屏下耳机单元,其中外壳(300)是该锚件(100)和该接听元件(350)之间的机械接口。
3.按照权利要求2所述的耳屏下耳机单元,其中该接听元件(350)是电声元件(360)。
4.按照权利要求2所述的耳屏下耳机单元,其中该接听元件(350)配有含有音管开孔(356)的音管(354),其中该孔隙是所述音管开孔。
5.按照权利要求1-4中的任意一个所述的耳屏下耳机单元,进一步包含阻挡外部声音的衬垫(370)。
6.按照权利要求2-4中的任意一个所述的耳屏下耳机单元,进一步包含外部声音抑制元件(600),其中所述声音抑制元件附着在该锚件(200)和该外壳(300)的至少一种上。
7.按照权利要求1-4中的任意一个所述的耳屏下耳机单元,进一步包含当站立时沿着重力方向的向下延伸部分(400)。
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-
2012
- 2012-07-27 NO NO12178314A patent/NO2690883T3/no unknown
- 2012-07-27 EP EP12178314.6A patent/EP2690883B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2012-07-27 ES ES12178314.6T patent/ES2650616T3/es active Active
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2013
- 2013-07-29 EP EP16193098.7A patent/EP3148212A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-29 EP EP16193043.3A patent/EP3148211B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-29 CN CN201810757053.6A patent/CN108810705B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-29 NO NO13756212A patent/NO2878135T3/no unknown
- 2013-07-29 US US14/417,284 patent/US10602255B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-29 CN CN201380039569.2A patent/CN104641658B/zh active Active
- 2013-07-29 JP JP2015524216A patent/JP2015523039A/ja active Pending
- 2013-07-29 ES ES13756212.0T patent/ES2654651T3/es active Active
- 2013-07-29 WO PCT/NO2013/050126 patent/WO2014017922A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-29 KR KR1020157002294A patent/KR102042877B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-07-29 EP EP20167517.0A patent/EP3706431A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-29 KR KR1020197005112A patent/KR102042965B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-07-29 EP EP13756212.0A patent/EP2878135B1/en not_active Revoked
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2016
- 2016-02-26 US US29/555,999 patent/USD814443S1/en active Active
- 2016-02-26 US US29/555,991 patent/USD822644S1/en active Active
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2018
- 2018-06-07 US US29/650,559 patent/USD848400S1/en active Active
- 2018-07-23 JP JP2018137572A patent/JP6697035B2/ja active Active
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EP2878135A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
KR102042965B1 (ko) | 2019-11-08 |
EP2878135B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
CN104641658A (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
KR20190025029A (ko) | 2019-03-08 |
KR102042877B1 (ko) | 2019-11-08 |
KR20150037911A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
EP3148211A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
EP3706431A1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
EP2690883B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
USD814443S1 (en) | 2018-04-03 |
EP3148212A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
NO2690883T3 (zh) | 2018-03-10 |
ES2650616T3 (es) | 2018-01-19 |
USD848400S1 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
WO2014017922A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
JP6697035B2 (ja) | 2020-05-20 |
NO2878135T3 (zh) | 2018-03-24 |
USD822644S1 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
EP3148211B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
US20150215693A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
ES2654651T3 (es) | 2018-02-14 |
JP2018186557A (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
JP2015523039A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
US20200221200A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
CN108810705B (zh) | 2020-03-10 |
EP2690883A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
US10602255B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
CN108810705A (zh) | 2018-11-13 |
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