CN104600178A - 发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104600178A
CN104600178A CN201410776729.8A CN201410776729A CN104600178A CN 104600178 A CN104600178 A CN 104600178A CN 201410776729 A CN201410776729 A CN 201410776729A CN 104600178 A CN104600178 A CN 104600178A
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刘弘智
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种发光二极管封装结构,其包括基板、至少一个发光二极管晶粒、透镜以及模内装饰(In-Mold Decoration;IMD)膜。发光二极管晶粒固着于基板上。透镜凸设于基板上,并包覆发光二极管晶粒。模内装饰膜,贴附于透镜之上。其中,模内装饰膜包括位于透镜之上的一个荧光粉层,以及位于荧光粉层之上的一个表面处理层。此外,本发明另提出一种发光二极管封装结构的制造方法。本发明发光二极管封装结构及发光二极管封装结构的制造方法可以节省制造成本。

Description

发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法
本发明是2011年1月24号提交的、申请号为201110024879.X、名称为“发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode;LED)封装结构及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着节能省电的问题日益受到重视,发光二极管照明已成为目前最受关注的应用领域之一。请参考图1至图3,图1至图3是根据现有技术的三种发光二极管封装结构的部分结构示意图。其中图1的发光二极管封装结构100的封装方式,是采用最传统的平均涂布(uniform distribution)技术,将荧光粉101均匀分散于基材104表面的封胶体102之中。
由于此种荧光粉涂布方式,无法控制荧光粉101的分散均匀度,并不能达到高颜色均匀性与高输出流明(lumen)的要求。业界遂发展出利用电泳被覆技术,将荧光粉101分布在发光二极管晶粒103的四周,并在发光二极管晶粒103表面形成均匀厚度的共形涂布(conformal distribution)结构。图2所示的发光二极管封装结构200,即采用共形涂布的方式来涂布荧光粉101。采用共形涂布的方式涂布荧光粉101的优点是,可以使荧光粉101的蓝色激发光转换成均匀的白光,并具有良好的色彩控制能力。
然而由于电泳被覆制程的制造成本昂贵,不利于降低元件售价。且由于荧光粉101共形分散结构直接贴附于发光二极管晶粒103上,荧光粉101单位面积的受光量较低;再加上荧光粉101距离元件的光出射面较远,由黄色或绿色荧光粉所激发的发射光,容易在出射之前被红色荧光粉所吸收,进而降低发光二极管的光取出率。
为改善发光二极管的光取出率,另有业界采用远程荧光粉配置(remotephosphor configuration)技术来涂布荧光粉。请参考图3,图3所示为采用远程荧光粉涂布法所封装而成的发光二极管封装结构300。远程荧光粉涂布技术是在发光二极管封装结构300的封胶体102上涂布一层荧光粉层301。其中,发光二极管晶粒103与荧光粉层301之间不直接接触,而是存在有一段空间间隔(spatial separation)。如此,可降低发光二极管晶粒103的出射光被重复吸收(re-absorption)的现象,增进发光二极管封装结构300的光取出率。此外,空间间隔亦可使荧光粉层301远离发光二极管晶粒103防止荧光粉层301受到发光二极管晶粒103产升的高温而劣化,影响发光二极管封装结构300的可靠度。
另外,为了增加发光二极管封装结构300的光通量,往往会在已封装完成的发光二极管封装结构300上添加一个透镜结构310。然而,采用这样的结构设计,首先以封胶体102封装发光二极管晶粒103;再将荧光粉层301封装在封胶体102表面。之后,再将透镜结构310封装于荧光粉层301之上。不仅结构较为复杂,而且必须使用两道以上的铸模(molding)步骤,制程相对繁琐,以致于制造成本无法降低。
因此有需要提供一种新式的发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法,在兼顾发光二极管封装结构之光取出率与可靠度的前提下,简化制程步骤,以大幅度降低制造成本。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一是提供一种发光二极管封装结构,此发光二极管封装结构包括基板、至少一个发光二极管晶粒、透镜以及模内装饰(In-Mold Decoration;IMD)膜。发光二极管晶粒固着于基板表面上。透镜凸设于基板表面上,并包覆发光二极管晶粒。模内装饰膜,贴附于透镜之上,且此一模内装饰膜至少包括位于透镜之上的一个荧光粉层,以及位于荧光粉层之上的一个表面处理层。
在本发明的一实施例中,透镜是由透明封胶体所构成。在本发明的一些实施例中,透明封胶体是由环氧树脂或硅胶凝固而成。在一较佳实施例中,透镜具有一弧形表面。
在本发明的一实施例中,表面处理层是一硅胶层或一环氧树脂层或其他可阻隔水汽、氧气的透明材料。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,包括下述步骤:首先,提供至少一个发光二极管晶粒,此发光二极管晶粒固着于一基板上;并提供一个模内装饰膜,其中此一模内装饰膜至少包括一个荧光粉层以及一个位于荧光粉层之上的表面处理层。接着,使模内装饰膜形变,以形成至少一个以表面处理层为外壁的凹室。然后以透明封胶填充此凹室,再将基板与模内装饰膜结合,使发光二极管晶粒置于凹室之中,并且被透明封胶所包覆。之后固化透明封胶以形成一个透镜。
在本发明的一实施例中,模内装饰膜包括承载层、位于承载层之上的离形膜、位于离形膜之上的表面处理层,以及位于表面处理层之上的荧光粉层。在本发明的较佳实施例中,模内装饰膜还包括一个位于荧光粉层上的黏着层。
在本发明的一实施例中,在形成透镜之后,还包括一个离形膜的剥除步骤,使承载层与贴附在透镜上的表面处理层和荧光粉层分离。
在本发明的一实施例中,透明封胶为环氧树脂或硅胶。
由上可知,本发明提出的一种发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法。其中发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,是采用具有荧光粉层与表面处理层的模内装饰膜做为封装外膜。经由一次封胶铸模制程,即可以达成如传统远程荧光粉配置法所预期的光学效果,且同时使发光二极管封装结构具有一个增加光通亮的透镜结构。不仅可简化发光二极管的封装步骤,大幅度节省制造成本,更可兼顾了发光二极管封装结构的光取出率与可靠度,达到上述发明目的。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1至图3为根据现有技术的三种发光二极管封装结构的剖面示意图。
图4A至图4F为本发明所提供的一实施例的发光二极管封装结构的制程剖面图。
图4G为图4F的发光二极管封装结构的部分剖面结构放大图。
【主要元件符号说明】
100:发光二极管封装结构    101:荧光粉
102:封胶体               103:发光二极管晶粒
104:基材                 200:发光二极管封装结构
300:发光二极管封装结构   301:荧光粉层
310:透镜结构
40:模内装饰膜            41:治具
400:发光二极管封装结构   401:荧光粉层
402:透明封胶             403:发光二极管晶粒
404:基材                 405:黏着层
406:表面处理层           407:离形膜
408:承载层               409:模具
410:透镜                 411:凹室
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例,对依据本发明提出的发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法其具体实施方式、方法、步骤、结构、特征及功效,详细说明如后。
有关本发明的前述及其他技术内容、特点及功效,在以下配合参考图式的较佳实施例详细说明中将可清楚的呈现。通过具体实施方式的说明,可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效有一更加深入且具体的了解,然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。
本发明的目的是提供一种发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法。请参考图4A至图4F,图4A至图4F是根据本发明所提供的一实施例的发光二极管封装结构400的制程剖面图。其中发光二极管封装结构400的制造方法,包括下述步骤:首先,提供一基板404。如图4A所示,基板404上至少固着有一个以上(可为多个)的发光二极管晶粒403。
同时,提供一个至少包含有一个荧光粉层401以及一个表面处理层406的可挠式模内装饰膜40。在本实施例中,可挠式模内装饰膜40包含承载层408、位于承载层408之上的离形膜407、位于离形膜407之上的表面处理层406、位于表面处理层406之上的荧光粉层401,以及位于荧光粉层401上的黏着层405(如图4B所示)。在本发明的一些实施例中,模内装饰膜40的黏着层405并非必需。
其中,承载层408较佳是一种可挠式塑化基材,其材质可以是,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene terephthalate;PET),或具有类似性质的高分子材料。离形膜407是由,例如聚硅氧酯材质所构成。当受到应力、热或光照后,可使承载层408由模内装饰膜40脱离。表面处理层406本身必需具备防刮、防水的硬度以及阻隔水气的特性。在本发明的一些实施例之中,表面处理层406较佳是硅胶层或环氧树脂层。荧光粉层401较佳是以荧光粉混合黏着剂,涂布于承载层408上所形成。在本发明的一些实施例之中,荧光粉层401是通过印刷或涂布的方式涂布在承载层408上的一种具有可见光激发效果的薄层。
接着,使模内装饰膜40发生形变,而形成至少一个以表面处理层406为外壁的凹室411。在本发明的一些实施例中,使模内装饰膜40发生形变的步骤,是使用模具对模内装饰膜40进行冲压。在本实施例之中,则是通过真空抽气的方式,使模内装饰膜40与模具409共型(如图4C所示)。在本发明的较佳实施例中,模具409具有一弧形表面,因此模内装饰膜40所形成的凹室411,也呈现弧形。
然后,以透明封胶402填充此凹室411(如图4D所示)。在本发明的一些实施例中,透明封胶402是由熔融的环氧树脂所构成。但由于环氧树脂会因发光二极管的高温产生劣化(黄化)的现象,并引发亮度衰减的问题。因此在较佳实施例中,透明封胶402是采用具有高折射率、高耐温性、绝缘性、化学稳定性、高透光性(波长范围介于300~700nm间)与高可靠度等特性的硅胶,作为透明封胶402的材质。
之后,再将基板404与模内装饰膜40结合,使发光二极管晶粒403置于凹室411之中,并且使发光二极管晶粒403被透明封胶402所包覆(如图4E所示)。在本实施例之中,表面固着有至少一个发光二极管晶粒403的基板404,是被治具41所吸附(如图4D所示),再将其与固定在模具409上,且与承装有透明封胶402的模内装饰膜40结合。其中,每一个凹室411之中,可依据发光二极管封装结构400的设计需求,置入至少一个(可为多个)发光二极管晶粒403。
后续,将透明封胶402加以固化,以形成一个透镜410,并将已相互结合的基板404和模内装饰膜40自模具409上脱离。再通过应力、热或光照反应,使承载层408由模内装饰膜40上脱离,形成如图4F所示的至少一个发光二极管封装结构400。
请参考图4G,图4G是图4F的发光二极管封装结构400的结构放大图。由上述实施例所制成的发光二极管封装结构400,包括表面固着至少一个发光二极管晶粒403的基板404、由透明封胶402固化而成的透镜410,以及贴附于透镜之上的模内装饰膜40。其中,模内装饰膜40至少包含有一个位于透镜410之上的荧光粉层401,以及一个位于荧光粉层401之上的表面处理层406。透镜410凸设于基板404表面上,且完整包覆发光二极管晶粒403。
在本发明的较佳实施例之中,表面处理层406较佳是一硅胶层;荧光粉层401较佳为一荧光粉薄层。另外在本发明的一些实施例之中,根据透镜410的材质特性,可在荧光粉层401和透镜410之间,添加一个可选择的黏着层405。由透明封胶402固化而成的透镜410,较佳是硅胶材质。综上所述,本发明提出一种发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法。其中发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,是采用具有荧光粉层与表面处理层的模内装饰膜做为封装外膜,以表面处理层为外壁使其形变而形成至少一凹室,并于凹室中填充透明封胶,通过一次封胶铸模制程,将发光二极管晶粒直接包覆于由透明封胶所形成的透镜之中。
也就是说,经由单一次的封胶铸模制程,即可使发光二极管封装结构达成如传统远程荧光粉配置法所预期的光学效果,且同时具有一个增加光通亮的透镜结构。不但可简化发光二极管的封装步骤,大幅节省制造成本,更可兼顾了发光二极管封装结构的光取出率与可靠度,达到上述发明目的。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种发光二极管封装结构,包括:
基板;
发光二极管晶粒,固着于所述基板上;
透明封胶形成于所述基板上,并包覆所述发光二极管晶粒;以及
胶膜,至少一部分贴附于所述透明封胶之上,且所述胶膜包括黏着层,以及位于所述黏着层之上的荧光粉层,其中所述荧光粉层及所述黏着层的一部分沿着所述基板的表面延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管封装结构,还包含另一发光二极管晶粒,固着于所述基板上,所述透明封胶包覆所述发光二极管晶粒及所述另一发光二极管晶粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管封装结构,还包含表面处理层形成在所述荧光粉层之上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管封装结构,其中所述透明封胶包含弧形表面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管封装结构,其中所述透明封胶包含硅胶。
6.一种发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,包括:
提供基板及发光二极管晶粒;
提供胶膜,其中所述胶膜包括荧光粉层以及位于所述荧光粉层之上的黏着层;
提供透明封胶;以及
使所述胶膜形变,以包覆所述透明封胶及位于所述透明封胶内的所述发光二极管晶粒;
其中,所述黏着层朝向所述光二极管晶粒及所述基板,且所述荧光粉层及所述黏着层的一部分沿着所述基板的表面延伸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,还包含固化所述透明封胶以形成弧形表面。
8.根据权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,其中所述胶膜包含形成在所述荧光粉层之上的表面处理层。
9.根据权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,其中所述胶膜还包含位于所述荧光粉层上的离形膜及位于所述离形膜上的承载层。
10.根据权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构的制造方法,其中所述胶膜形变后会形成凹室,所述透明封胶填充于所述凹室内。
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