CN104569412A - 一种心肌梗塞快速检测试剂盒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种心肌梗塞快速检测试剂盒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒及其制备方法,试剂盒包括试纸,该试纸能够同时检测人髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP3)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)三种标志物。试纸包括样品垫、量子点结合垫、包被有检测线和质控线的层析膜及吸样垫,结合垫上同时标记有所述三种标志物的抗体,层析膜的检测线有三条,这三条检测线分别通过包被所述三种标志物的抗原形成,所述三种标志物的抗原分别能够与所述三种标志物的抗体特异性结合。本发明试剂盒具有操作简便、反应快速、敏感性高、特异性强、适合现场检测和经济实用等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种心肌梗塞快速检测试剂盒及其制备方法。
背景技术
急性心肌梗塞(AMI)严重威胁人类健康,是全球范围内致死和致残的主要疾病之一,快速诊断早期急性心肌梗塞并及时治疗是降低病人死亡率的关键。对于无典型胸痛和心电图改变不明显的心肌梗死患者,仅依靠心电图、超声心动图和心脏核磁共振,难以准确诊断。因此,检测血清心肌标志物是诊断AMI的必要依据。
心肌标志物是指在血液中可测定出的一系列生物化学物质,它们具有心肌特异性,当心肌组织损伤时,可大量释放至循环血液中,通过检测其血浓度变化,可诊断心肌损伤的物质,因此可用作心肌损伤的筛查、诊断、评定预后和治疗效果的监测标志。临床实践中已陆续发现多种反映心肌组织损伤的标志物,包括反映心肌缺血损伤的标志物,如缺血修饰白蛋白、髓过氧化物酶等;心肌组织损伤坏死的确定标志物,如心肌肌钙蛋白等。心肌标志物为临床提供了方便,使鉴别诊断、诊断预后的能力大大提高。
急性心肌梗死发生在一瞬间,具有无特异性前兆症状的特点。心肌梗死的及时诊断通常是很困难的,特别是梗死前的心肌缺血阶段更是不易诊断。因此,在心肌发生缺血时就能高度表达的标志物才能作为急性心肌梗死的预警信号,使患者及时得到救助,避免心肌梗死的发生。近年来的临床研究资料提示心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白、髓过氧化酶等标志物变化与急性冠脉综合征患者的诊断和预后相关。它们是新一代早期预警心脏生物标示物。
髓过氧化物酶(MPO)是冠状动脉粥样硬化病灶不稳定和中性白细胞应激的标志物,也是早期预警信号。MPO是一种过氧化物酶,主要存在于嗜中性粒细胞或单核细胞的嗜天青颗粒中。炎症时激活的嗜中性粒细胞发生脱颗粒并释放髓过氧化物酶,它能导致冠状动脉粥样硬化病灶不稳定甚至是破裂,使血管内皮下胶原组织暴露,随之发生血小板粘附聚集和血栓形成,造成冠状动脉阻塞,发生急性冠状动脉综合症,甚至是严重的心肌不可逆缺血损伤。因此,髓过氧化物酶可以反映心血管局部激活的嗜中性粒细胞激活、浸润和脱颗粒这个急性心肌缺血或再灌注损伤的共同发病通路。大量临床研究资料表明,急性冠状动脉综合症的病人血清中髓过氧化物酶水平显著地升高,是预测ACS患者发生不良心血管事件的一个新的预测因子。MPO水平在没有发生心肌梗死和肌钙蛋白检测不到的心肌缺血的早期2小时之内就已经升高,可在无心肌坏死的情况下预测和预警发生心脏事件的危险患者,显示了MPO对胸痛患者进行危险分层的潜在作用。因此,血清髓过氧化物酶水平检测可以作为动态实时观测冠心病治疗和预后的预警信号。
心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP3)是一种重要的细胞内脂肪酸结合蛋白的小分子蛋白质,大量地存在于心肌组织中,具有高度的心肌特异性。急性心肌缺血时心肌细胞膜通透性显著改变,细胞膜破裂的早期,心肌细胞内的心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白漏出到细胞外液或血液循环中。FABP3可以早在胸痛发作后1-3小时在血液中被发现,6-8小时达到峰值而且血浆水平在24-30小时内恢复正常。有研究表明,胸痛发作3h以内FABP3的敏感性和阳性预测值显著高于cTnI,对于早期排除AMI非常有利。FABP3作为心肌标志物早期诊断AMI的代表,能更早的预测心脏事件的相对危险。
心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)是组成横纹肌丝的结构蛋白,具有调节肌细胞收缩功能,其由三种不同基因的亚基:心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌钙蛋白C(TnC)组成,在控制心肌收缩中起重要作用。正常人血液中cTnI的含量一般低于0.3μg/L,由于分子量不大,当心肌严重缺血导致心肌细胞膜的完整性被破坏时,cTn极易释放入血,胸痛发作4~6h升高,增高可持续6~7d,由于心肌肌钙蛋白仅存在于心肌收缩肌上,因此,它是评价心肌坏死的首选标志物,是检测心肌损伤的金标准。目前,心肌肌钙蛋白主要用于心肌缺血损伤的临床诊断、危险性评估和预后判断。
目前检测MPO、FABP3、cTnI的方法主要有酶联免疫法、化学发光法、免疫比浊法、金标免疫法等。金标免疫法需要标本量少,简便快速,适合于AMI的快速检测,不受时间、地点的限制。不过目前上市的多为单一指标的胶体金试纸、试剂盒等,得到的数据单一、不全面,检测灵敏度和特异性都比较低,不能全面反映病患心梗早期的情况,容易出现误诊或漏诊。MPO可以预警心肌梗塞发生前3小时的风险,但其他炎症也可导致MPO指标的升高。FABP3仅能表示发生心肌梗塞后1-3小时的情况,不能在心肌梗塞发生前预警。目前临床使用的检测试剂盒多为检测肌钙蛋白、肌酸激酶MB同工酶为主,而这些陈旧的指标出现在心肌梗塞发生后,只能显示已发生心梗,不能预警心肌梗塞。心电图虽然也可反映病人的病情,但在刚发生胸痛的病人中,虽然有已经开始了急性心梗的进程,却有半数以上的心电图表现为正常,从而造成很多病人因延误救治而死亡。
纵观已有产品和文献报道,它们均是针对单一指标进行控制,只能检测或预警心肌梗塞的某个阶段,而不能全面地、特异性地预警心肌梗塞的发生、发展全程。由于目前MPO、FABP3均以不同的产品形式在临床上应用,制作原理及操作程序不同,兼容性比较差,很难在短时间内同时、快速地检测出两者的结果,故极大的影响了对急性ACS患者进行心梗风险的合理综合判定。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种能够快速、准确进行心肌梗塞早期预警及病情风险判断的试剂盒。
本发明同时还提供该试剂盒的制备方法。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的一种技术方案是:
一种心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,包括试纸,该试纸能够同时检测人髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP3)和心肌肌钙蛋白I((cTnI))三种标志物。
进一步地,所述试纸包括样品垫、量子点结合垫、包被有检测线和质控线的层析膜及吸样垫,量子点结合垫上同时标记有三种标志物的抗体,层析膜的检测线有三条,这三条检测线相互分离且分别通过包被所述三种标志物的抗原形成,所述三种标志物的抗原分别能够与所述三种标志物的抗体特异性结合。
优选地,所述试剂盒还包括量子点荧光定量读数仪。
优选地,所述三种标志物的抗体分别为抗人髓过氧化物酶特异性鼠单克隆抗体、抗心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白特异性鼠单克隆抗体和抗心肌肌钙蛋白I特异性鼠单克隆抗体。
进一步地,所述试纸由所述样品垫、量子点结合垫、层析膜及吸样垫依次相互交错粘贴在底板上构成,层析膜的三条检测线平行且沿着层析膜的长度方向依次设置,且三条检测线中靠近结合垫的检测线处包被人髓过氧化物酶的抗原,靠近吸样垫的检测线处包括心肌肌钙蛋白I的抗原,中间的检测线处包括心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白的抗原。
优选地,所述的层析膜为硝酸纤维素膜。
优选地,所述的层析膜上的质控线通过包被羊抗鼠IgG的单克隆或多克隆抗体形成。
本发明采取的又一技术方案是:一种心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)量子点标记:将粒径为5-10nm的量子点微粒用pH 7~8的缓冲溶液溶解,制成浓度为1.5~2.5umol的溶液,在量子点溶液中加入所述三种标志物的抗体制成相应浓度分别为0.5-1mg/ml的溶液,室温下温和震荡,离心,弃上清,沉淀即为抗体标记的量子点;
(2)量子点结合垫的制备:将步骤(1)所得抗体标记的量子点用稳定剂重悬,均匀的涂布于玻璃纤维素膜或无纺布上,进行冷冻干燥,即得量子点结合垫;
(3)包被膜的制备:用pH7~8的缓冲溶液将所述三种标志物的抗原分别配成0.5~2mg/ml的溶液,将羊抗鼠IgG的单克隆或多克隆抗体配制成0.5~2mg/ml的溶液,用喷膜仪在硝酸纤维素膜的上部、中部以及下部以1~1.5ul/cm的参数进行分别划线,得到三条检测线和一条质控线,划线后,干燥,即得;
(3)试纸卡的组装:在温度20~25℃,湿度小于40%的干燥间内,取塑料底板,在底板上依次相互交错地粘上样品垫、量子点结合垫、包被膜和吸样垫,切割,得所述试纸。
优选地,将试纸装入塑料卡内形成试纸卡。
优选地,本发明所述的三种标志物的抗体均为超敏的特异性抗体,可购自北京盛齐扬桓生物科技有限公司。
由于以上技术方案的实施,本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
本发明试剂盒将特定的三个心肌梗塞标志物组合在同一试纸中进行检测,具有操作简便、反应快速、敏感性高、特异性强、适合现场检测和经济实用等优点,对胸痛患者进行心肌梗塞早期预警、分型和临床诊断,填补现有检测技术的不足,实现经济和社会效益最大化。
具体实施方式
心梗是危及生命的急性发作疾病,在诊断和抢救方面,时效性非常强,能够对它进行快速和自我诊断的意义大于其他任何一种疾病。传统单一指标灵敏度和准确度较低,在缺乏其他检测设备如心电图仪、心动超声仪等条件下,患者或医生不能做出是否心梗还是其他疾病的判断(如其他炎症也可造成MPO升高)。通过本发明的试剂盒进行检测,如有两项指标显示为阳性的就可以确诊为心梗,可避免现有试剂盒单一指标检测的片面性和不准确性。通过对临床目前使用的cTnI诊断试剂诊断为阴性及阳性的病人各16例进行检测结果显示本发明试剂盒能更全面、准确的对心梗病人作出早期预警及诊断。此外,本发明检测试剂盒检测方便,病人可自行在家中或其他任何场所检测,避免患者因忽视病情而发生严重心梗事件(心梗发病的一些前兆与普通的肩周炎或胃病相似,不易判断,容易被忽视而引起严重后果,甚至是死亡)。该发明产品则彻底改变这一现状,有心梗风险的患者,如有家族史、三高、糖尿病等,可将此试剂盒作为家庭常备物品,出现任何不舒服症状(如胃痛、肩膀痛、胳膊麻、头晕、甚至恶心、呕吐、大汗、心动过缓、呼吸困难等),都可通过自己或家人帮助进行检测,如出现一条阳性线,建议赶紧去医院急诊;出现2条以上阳性线,说明已有95%以上的几率是心梗,需立即叫120急救车;3条阳性线,那就直接告诉医生已经心梗了,需立刻抢救。此外,本发明试剂盒自我检测时间短,快速,5-15分钟就可出结果,避免因检测时间长而贻误病情导致危险事件的发生。
与现有同类产品的生产方法比较,本发明产品属多指标组合产品,需要更特异性的标记、更精细的定位,工艺和处方筛选非常复杂。特异性抗体的筛选和纯化、抗体标记浓度的选择、交叉反应控制等条件需要反复试验、验证。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但本发明不限于以下实施例。
人髓过氧化物酶-心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白-肌钙蛋白I三联免疫荧光量子点检测试剂盒(下称MPO-FABP3-cTnI三联量子点试剂盒)的制备方法及检测方法
实施例1.MPO-FABP3-cTnI三联量子点试剂盒的制备
1.主要材料
MPO、FABP3及cTnI标准品:中检所;MPO、FABP3及cTnI特异性抗体和抗原:北京盛齐扬桓科技有限公司产品;量子点:武汉珈源公司产品;硝酸纤维素(NC)膜:SARTORIUS(德国),CN140,德国赛多利斯公司产品;牛血清白蛋白(BSA),聚乙二醇PEG20000,水解酪蛋白:Sigma产品;羊抗鼠IgG抗体:杭州启泰产品;其它常用试剂均为分析纯试剂。
临床样本由公司在相关医院获得,共200份血清。
2.制备方法
(1)量子点标记:将粒径为5-10nm的量子点微粒用pH7.40.01M的PBS溶解,制成浓度为2umol的溶液,在量子点溶液中加入特异性MPO抗体、FABP3抗体及cTnI抗体制成相应浓度为0.5-1mg/ml,室温下温和震荡2小时,4℃,12000rpm离心30min,弃上清,沉淀即为抗体标记的量子点。
(2)结合垫制备:将标记好的量子点用稳定剂重悬,按50ul/cm2的量均匀的涂布于玻璃纤维素膜或无纺布上,进行冷冻干燥,即得量子点结合垫。
(3)NC膜包被:将标记抗体对应的MPO抗原、FABP3抗原、cTnI抗原及羊抗鼠IgG分别用pH7.40.01M的PBS溶解,制成各自浓度为1mg/ml的溶液,用划膜仪将各个抗体溶液以1ul/cm的量包被于NC膜上制成三条检测线(T线)和一条控制线(C线),将包被好的NC膜置于冷冻干燥即得。
(4)试纸条组装:在温度20~25℃,湿度小于40%的干燥室内,取塑料底板,将已包被的NC膜放置在塑料底板的中部粘贴,将量子点荧光结合垫裁切成合适的宽度,在NC膜T线(检测线)一侧搭接结合垫,在结合垫的另一侧搭接粘贴上样垫,在NC膜C线一侧搭接吸样垫,最后用裁剪机将贴好的塑料板切成3~5mm宽的试纸条,将试纸条装入塑料卡内,形成试纸卡。
(5)定量标曲制定:将已知浓度梯度的MPO、FABP3及cTnI标准品用试纸进行检测,通过荧光读数仪测得相应的荧光强度,以浓度做横坐标,荧光强度做纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
实施例2.检测方法
(1)将检测试剂及样本平衡至室温,取出试纸卡,平放;
(2)精确吸取10μl血清,加入洁净的离心管中,用样本稀释液(PBS或生理盐水)进行10倍稀释,充分混匀;
(3)用移液枪吸取50-100ul稀释后的样本加入到样本孔中,静置15~20分钟后用荧光定量读数仪进行定量判定结果;
(3)仪器判定时,设置好仪器相关参数后将试纸卡放入仓内进行检测,仪器将显示出样品浓度的定量测定结果。
实施例3.临床样本检测
对20份临床定值样本检测,用仪器定量判定结果时,在检测范围内的20份样品平均偏差值均小于15%,最大偏差小于20%,R2>0.97,一致性系数>0.88。检测结果表明制备的检测试剂盒性能良好,适合用于临床检测。
对16例临床诊断心梗病人用本发明试剂盒进行检测,测定数据见表1。
表1.MPO-FABP3-cTnI三联试剂盒对心梗患者血清检测结果
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,包括试纸,其特征在于:所述试纸能够同时检测人髓过氧化物酶、心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白和心肌肌钙蛋白I三种标志物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述试纸包括样品垫、量子点结合垫、包被有检测线和质控线的层析膜及吸样垫,所述量子点结合垫上同时标记有所述三种标志物的抗体,所述层析膜的检测线有三条,这三条检测线相互分离且分别通过包被所述三种标志物的抗原形成,所述三种标志物的所述抗原分别能够与所述三种标志物的所述抗体特异性结合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述试剂盒还包括量子点荧光定量读数仪。
4.根据权利要求3所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述三种标志物的抗体分别为抗人髓过氧化物酶特异性鼠单克隆抗体、抗心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白特异性鼠单克隆抗体和抗心肌肌钙蛋白I特异性鼠单克隆抗体。
5.根据权利要求2所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述试纸由所述样品垫、量子点结合垫、层析膜及吸样垫依次相互交错粘贴在底板上构成,所述层析膜的三条检测线平行且沿着层析膜的长度方向依次设置,且三条检测线中靠近所述结合垫的检测线处包被人髓过氧化物酶的抗原,靠近吸样垫的检测线处包括心肌肌钙蛋白I的抗原,中间的检测线处包括心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白的抗原。
6.根据权利要求2所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述的层析膜为硝酸纤维素膜。
7.根据权利要求2至6中任一项权利要求所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒,其特征在于:所述的层析膜上的质控线通过包被羊抗鼠IgG的单克隆或多克隆抗体形成。
8.一种权利要求2-7中任一项权利要求所述的心肌梗塞快速检测量子点免疫荧光试剂盒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)量子点标记:将粒径为5-10nm的量子点微粒用pH 7~8的缓冲溶液溶解,制成浓度为1.5~2.5umol的溶液,在量子点溶液中加入所述三种标志物的抗体制成相应浓度分别为0.5-1mg/ml的溶液,室温下温和震荡,离心,弃上清,沉淀即为抗体标记的量子点;
(2)量子点结合垫的制备:将步骤(1)所得抗体标记的量子点用稳定剂重悬,均匀的涂布于玻璃纤维素膜或无纺布上,进行冷冻干燥,即得量子点结合垫;
(3)包被膜的制备:用pH7~8的缓冲溶液将所述三种标志物的抗原分别配成0.5~2mg/ml的溶液,将羊抗鼠IgG的单克隆或多克隆抗体配制成0.5~2mg/ml的溶液,用喷膜仪在硝酸纤维素膜的上部、中部以及下部以1~1.5ul/cm的参数进行分别划线,得到三条检测线和一条质控线,划线后,干燥,即得;
(3)试纸卡的组装:在温度20~25℃,湿度小于40%的干燥间内,取塑料底板,在底板上依次相互交错地粘上样品垫、量子点结合垫、包被膜和吸样垫,切割,得所述试纸。
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WO2018120854A1 (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | 广州瑞博奥生物科技有限公司 | 检测ck-mb的时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条、试剂盒及其制备方法 |
CN108872581A (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏恒易生物科技有限公司 | 同时检测超敏crp、脂蛋白磷脂酶a2和d-二聚体的荧光免疫层析试剂盒及制备方法 |
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US10578626B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
US20170219608A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
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CN104569433A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
WO2015176589A1 (zh) | 2015-11-26 |
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