CN104541837B - A kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method - Google Patents
A kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541837B CN104541837B CN201410284007.0A CN201410284007A CN104541837B CN 104541837 B CN104541837 B CN 104541837B CN 201410284007 A CN201410284007 A CN 201410284007A CN 104541837 B CN104541837 B CN 104541837B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method, comprise the following steps：（1）, short fringe selection；（2）, single node cutting；（3）, watering, fertilizing；（4）, overlay film shade；（5）Topdress, the tea cutting method survival rate that the present invention is provided is high, cuttage can be carried out in high and cold mountain area in 3 April, change the custom that conventional high and cold mountain area Tea Clone stock breeding only has dormant cuttings, greatly speed up Tea Clone breeding reproductive schedules, cutting time was controlled between the 15-4 months 5 March, average height of seedling in October reaches 30cm then, more than rugosity 0.3cm, excellent seedling, strong sprout have been obtained, solve the problems such as high and cold mountain area autumn and winter cuttage is easily endured cold and lifts seedling, it is to avoid secondary cuttage, it is cost-effective, increase economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea tree planting field, and in particular to a kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method.
Background technology
" Huoshan Huang bud " is exactly local well-known tea in the Tang Dynasty, and the period of Ming and Qing are hired for imperial family, and clonal reproduction midway is very long by one
The section time lies on the table, and does not continue to excavate and develops.With the development and the exploitation of Famous High-quality Tea of market economy, clonal cultivar is good
Plant to breed and laid out the important agenda of Tea Production.Main task one is to select suitable high and cold mountain area and can fit system " suddenly
Mountain Huang bud " etc. Famous High-quality Tea improved seeds, realize high yield, high-quality, efficiently, solve Famous High-quality Tea raw material variety mix and pluck difficulty etc.
Problem；Two be Clonal cutting propagation new technology in high and cold mountain area to be explored.
Since eighties of last century nineties, tea technology department is attempted to sterile new loess cuttage tea shoot, while using
Film moisturizing, insulation and sunshade net shelter from heat or light technology, by constantly practice, achieve successful experience, are promoting this more later
Single node cutting raising technology.It is disadvantageous that mountain area winter is cold, frozen soil layer is easily formed, dormant cuttings easily produces lift seedling,
Temperature needs to insert again when ging up, and causes cuttings survival rate not high, added cost.Next to that running into the heavy snow time, sunshade is easily
Crushed, cause damage by heavy snow.Earlier the time, spring cuttage is also attempted, but mountain area spring comes slower, and temperature gos up slower,
Tea shoot growth cycle is short, and seedling is small, the weak image of seedling exists always, and most tea shoots can not go out garden then.
The content of the invention
The disadvantages mentioned above of unresolved prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cottage method of high and cold mountain area tea tree, improved
The survival rate and the speed of growth of tea shoot.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method, comprises the following steps：（1）, short fringe selection, in annual 15 days -4 March
Between the moon 5, it is rufous or the rare branch expanded of semi-lignified red and white, axillary bud, the short fringe of clip to choose major part, is cut
Should have a piece of complete leaf and a full axillary bud on each section of short fringe taken, otch is smooth when cutting fringe, is tiltedly cut into horse
It is ungulate, 3 one 4 millimeters from petiole of upper end otch, inferior end notch should have 3 one 3.5 centimetres away from petiole base, moisturizing of then spraying water；
（2）, single node cutting, a, make seedbed, ground is deep ploughed, then ground is made into Gansu Province shape by 300-500kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, as
Seedbed；B, cuttage, seedbed is irrigated, whne bed soil dry to it is tack-free when carry out cuttage, it is then that the soil pressure of root is tight, in favor of
Take root, then water and shade in time；（3）, watering, fertilizing, watered when watering using sprayer, conveniently pour even, then make
With 1:The foliage fungicide such as 800 thiophanate methyls or zineb, is disinfected as blade face, sprays phosphorus, potassium foliage fertilizer；（4）, overlay film
Shade, bamboo bow is curved with bamboo chip, and two is directly inserted into the furrow ditch in seedbed deeply, 50 centimetres of shed heights of roofs, two bow spacing 70 1
80 ㎝, then cover film and sunshade net directly on bow member, are compacted with soil block；（5）, topdress.
Preferably, in cuttage, cuttage line-spacing 7 one 10 ㎝, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 1.5-3 are slightly overlapping or 1/4 be defined by blade,
With blade face direction to the south, so as to photosynthesis, by cuttings gently straight cutting soil, petiole is basseted, keep blade hold up with
Ground angle at 45 °, it is with finger that soil pressure is tight, with sharp root of hair.
Tea shoot is topdressed in growth course, continuous three distinct methods topdress, and after early June tea shoot is taken root, open
Begin to topdress for the first time, impose the instant composite fertilizer based on P, K, urea, composite fertilizer are imposed for the second time, quantity respectively accounts for the 50%, the 3rd
It is secondary to impose urea, one month interval.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The tea cutting method survival rate that the present invention is provided is high, can be in 3-4 in high and cold mountain area
The moon carries out cuttage, changes the custom that conventional high and cold mountain area Tea Clone stock breeding only has dormant cuttings, greatly speeds up
Tea Clone breeding reproductive schedules, cutting time was controlled between the 15-4 months 5 March, and October, average height of seedling reached then
30cm, more than rugosity 0.3cm, have obtained excellent seedling, strong sprout, solve high and cold mountain area autumn and winter cuttage and easily endure cold and lift seedling etc.
Problem, it is to avoid secondary cuttage, it is cost-effective, increase economic benefit.
Embodiment
A kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method, comprises the following steps：（1）, short fringe selection, in annual 15 days -4 March
Between the moon 5, it is rufous or the rare branch expanded of semi-lignified red and white, axillary bud, the short fringe of clip to choose major part, is cut
Should have a piece of complete leaf and a full axillary bud on each section of short fringe taken, otch is smooth when cutting fringe, is tiltedly cut into horse
It is ungulate, 3 one 4 millimeters from petiole of upper end otch, inferior end notch should have 3 one 3.5 centimetres away from petiole base, moisturizing of then spraying water；
（2）, single node cutting, a, make seedbed, ground is deep ploughed, then ground is made into Gansu Province shape by 300-500kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, as
Seedbed；B, cuttage, seedbed is irrigated, whne bed soil dry to it is tack-free when carry out cuttage, it is then that the soil pressure of root is tight, in favor of
Take root, then water and shade in time；（3）, watering, fertilizing, watered when watering using sprayer, conveniently pour even, then make
With 1:The foliage fungicide such as 800 thiophanate methyls or zineb, is disinfected as blade face, sprays phosphorus, potassium foliage fertilizer；（4）, overlay film
Shade, bamboo bow is curved with bamboo chip, and two is directly inserted into the furrow ditch in seedbed deeply, 50 centimetres of shed heights of roofs, two bow spacing 70 1
80 ㎝, then cover film and sunshade net directly on bow member, are compacted with soil block；（5）, topdress.
Preferably, in cuttage, cuttage line-spacing 7 one 10 ㎝, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 1.5-3 are slightly overlapping or 1/4 be defined by blade,
With blade face direction to the south, so as to photosynthesis, by cuttings gently straight cutting soil, petiole is basseted, keep blade hold up with
Ground angle at 45 °, it is with finger that soil pressure is tight, with sharp root of hair.
Tea shoot is topdressed in growth course, continuous three distinct methods topdress, and after early June tea shoot is taken root, open
Begin to topdress for the first time, impose the instant composite fertilizer based on P, K, urea, composite fertilizer are imposed for the second time, quantity respectively accounts for the 50%, the 3rd
It is secondary to impose urea, one month interval.
Method of the present invention by the following method to the present invention is illustrated：
Experiment one：Fertile training management is to tea shoot growth effect, in spring improved tea variety reproductive process, and we take reinforcement fertilizer
The contrast of training management and Routine Management, the purpose is to improve tea shoot rugosity height, to go out garden then.Following four have been done for this
Contrast is handled：
Processing one：Pour and apply urea, 3 times；
Processing two：Pour and apply instant composite fertilizer, 3 times；
Processing three：Pour for the first time and apply instant composite fertilizer, pour apply instant composite fertilizer+urea for the second time, pour apply urine for the third time
Element；
Processing four：Pour for the first time and apply instant composite fertilizer, pour apply instant composite fertilizer+urea for the second time, pour apply urine for the third time
Element；Early stage sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times；
Four processing dressing times of the above are identical.
Different fertilizer is contrasted with applying method with tea shoot growing state
As can be seen from the table, four early stages of processing spray foliar fertilizer, are imposed further according to tea shoot Plant period different types of
Fertilizer, average height of seedling can be up to 35cm, root system 32, and effect is best；Next to that processing three, handle two Zhi Shi composite fertilizers, height of seedling compared with
Short, preferably, urea is singly applied in processing one to root system, and overground part growth is very fast, and root system is less, and tea shoot is not strengthened.
Experiment two：Cutting time shortens improved tea variety repoductive time, we are to the autumn and winter to tea shoot growth effect in order to reduce
Season and spring tea tree single node cutting healing time and root of hair time are contrasted, and autumn sowing is October 15 last year, and the spring is inserted as then 3
The moon 15.
Spring cuttage and Autumn Cutting are to tea shoot growth effect
According to table, the Autumn Cutting root of hair time will be to May next year, and spring cuttage also root of hair in May then
, than only slow 5 days or so Autumn Cutting root of hair time, and tea shoot height also only short 5 cm when going out garden, meet national seedling
Standard requirement, this explanation spring cuttage is that can reach that tea shoot goes out garden standard the shortening time again than Autumn Cutting.
Experiment three：Different cutting times cause freeze injury to contrast nursery lot, in order to mitigate freeze injury, we to spring cuttage and
Summer, the contrast of dormant cuttings seedling,
The lowest temperature influences on different cottage method nurseries
| Cutting time | The lowest temperature | Endure cold situation | Contrast | |
| Spring | On March 15-20th, 2012 | 1 one 2 DEG C | Nothing | It is good |
| Summer | On July 10-20th, 2011 | -7―-9℃ | Autumn growth is endured cold, the leaf red change of a bud one or two | Difference |
| Autumn | On October 1-10th, 2011 | -7―-9℃ | Seedling is lifted, xylem is separated with bast | Seriously |
Thus table is shown, Annual lowest climate temperature is to the maximum harm of Tea Clone breeding, because Dabie Mountain Cha Qu is nearest
Several years-7-- 9 DEG C of weather has a strong impact on the survival rate of Tea Clone breeding all at 7-10 days or so, in terms of freeze injury situation,
Spring cuttage avoids summer, Autumn Cutting nursery by the freeze injury of winter severe cold, improves the survival rate of Tea Clone breeding.
Tea Clone is explored for tea areas in Jiangbei from now on and breeds new step, accelerates Tea Clone breeding reproductive schedules.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）, short fringe selection, annual 3
Between 15-April 5 moon, the branch that major part is rufous or semi-lignified red and white, axillary bud slightly expand is chosen, is cut
A piece of complete leaf and a full axillary bud should be had by taking on short fringe, each section of short fringe of clip, otch is smooth when cutting fringe,
Tiltedly it is cut into the shape of a hoof, 3-4 millimeter from petiole of upper end otch, inferior end notch should have 3-3.5 centimetres away from petiole base, then water spray guarantor
It is wet；（2）, single node cutting, a, make seedbed, ground is deep ploughed, then ground is made into ridge shape by 300-500kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers,
It is used as seedbed；B, cuttage, seedbed is irrigated, whne bed soil dry to it is tack-free when carry out cuttage, it is then that the soil pressure of root is tight, with
Beneficial to taking root, then water and shade in time；（3）, watering, fertilizing, watered when watering using sprayer, conveniently pour even, so
Foliage fungicide is used afterwards：1:800 thiophanate methyls or zineb are disinfected as blade face, spray phosphorus, potassium foliage fertilizer；（4）, cover
Film shades, and bamboo bow is curved with bamboo chip, and two is directly inserted into the furrow ditch in seedbed deeply, 50 centimetres of shed heights of roofs, two bow spacing
70-80 ㎝, then cover film and sunshade net directly on bow member, are compacted with soil block；（5）, topdress；In growth course
In tea shoot is topdressed, continuous three distinct methods topdress, after the first tenday period of a month in June tea shoot is taken root, start for the first time topdress, impose
Instant composite fertilizer based on P, K, imposes urea, composite fertilizer for the second time, and quantity respectively accounts for 50%, and urea, interval are imposed for the third time
One month.
2. a kind of high and cold mountain area tea cutting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：During cuttage, cuttage row
It is slightly overlapping or 1/4 be defined by blade away from 7-10 ㎝, spacing in the rows 1.5-3 ㎝, with blade face direction to the south, so as to photosynthesis, it will insert
Fringe gently in straight cutting soil, makes petiole basset, keep blade hold up with ground angle at 45 °, it is with finger that soil pressure is tight, with profit hair
Root.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105075776A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-25 | 韦明玕 | Organic tea seedling culture method |
| CN105638210A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-06-08 | 郎溪县姚村乡盛茂贵茶叶种植家庭农场 | Method for conducting cuttage seedling culture on tea in summer |
| CN106069557A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-09 | 宁波黄金韵茶业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of No. 1 tea young plant conserving culture of timely snow |
| CN106718544A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | A kind of tea cutting urges the method for culturing seedlings of root |
| CN107484604A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-12-19 | 霍山县大化坪秀峰茶业精制厂 | A kind of high mountain method for culturing seedlings of golden pheasant mountain yellow tea |
| CN108450165A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-28 | 贵州省生物技术研究所 | The method of High aititude arid area tea shoot cutting propagation |
| CN112567990A (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2021-03-30 | 巢湖市年晟农业生态有限公司 | Cutting seedling method for improving survival rate of tea trees in alpine mountain areas |
| CN116097990A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-12 | 隆回县优异茶树苗木繁育种植专业合作社 | Tea seedling breeding method |
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| JP4169131B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2008-10-22 | 滋賀県 | Tea seedling raising method |
| CN101663945B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-05-11 | 胡有宝 | Method for planting tee tree in northern area |
| CN102523890A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-04 | 青岛沅禾茶业有限公司 | Method for cultivating Anji white tea in Jiaodong area |
| CN103460926A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 余庆县玉龙茶业有限公司 | Cultivation method of tea varieties |
| CN103548517B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 普定县瑞鸿生产力促进有限责任公司 | A kind of organic tree plant single-node cutting seed-raising method |
| CN103636401A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-19 | 遵义琦琅生物技术咨询有限公司 | Cuttage breeding method of white tea |
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