CN104522822A - 一种红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺 - Google Patents
一种红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,所述工艺将红枣和葛根分别经过消毒、清洗后,进行粉碎,经混合浸泡、酶解处理、过滤、发酵、真空浓缩干燥、超临界CO2萃取,得到粉末制品,再经造粒、灭菌、包装后成固体枣葛产品。利用本发明得到的产品,具有扩张血管及补充血气的作用,能减少人体血管流动阻力,改变血液的流变性等作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,具体地说,是从药食两用植物——葛根和红枣中提取功效成分并制成产品的工艺。
背景技术
葛根为豆科植物葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd1)Ohwi]的根。它是一种常用传统中药,是药、食两用的天然植物资源。葛根含有丰富的淀粉可供食用,葛根的药用价值在我国很早就有记载,始载于《神农本草经》“主消渴、身大热、呕吐、诸痹、起阴气、解诸毒。”随后“本草纲目”等医药著作均记述了葛根的医药功效。过去由于条件所限,对葛根利用价值研究较少,所以除少量用于制葛粉食用和用于一般中药配方外,大多数葛根未能得到很好利用。近年来由于国内外采用了先进的科学技术手段对葛根开发利用问题进行了研究,发现葛根是一种很有开发利用价值的资源,引起人们的重视,葛根开发利用也取得很大进展。现代医学研究和临床实用的结果表明,葛根富含保持人体健康所必需的13种氨基酸,尤其是人体不能自身合成的必需氨基酸含量比其他植物较高,有效成份主要有异黄酮、葛根素、葛根苷,生物碱等物质,铁,钙,硒,锗,锰等人体必需的微量元素也丰富,长期食用可起到排毒、降血脂、降血压、降胆固醇、降血糖、减肥、预防老年痴呆、预防心脑血管疾病等作用。
大枣又名红枣、干枣、枣子,起源于中国,在中国已有四千多年的种植历史,自古以来就被列为“五果”(桃、李、梅、杏、枣)之一,含有抑制癌细胞,甚至可使癌细胞向正常细胞转化的物质。具有抗癌,降血压、降胆固醇,保肝护肝之功效。红枣含有蛋白质、脂肪、醣类、有机酸、维生素A、维生素C、微量钙多种有效成份。在中药学里,红枣的应用可分为以下几种:
1.健脾益胃:脾胃虚弱、腹泻、倦怠无力的人,每日吃红枣七颗,或与党参、白术共用,能补中益气、健脾胃,达到增加食欲、止泻的功效;红枣和生姜、半夏同用,可治疗饮食不慎所引起的胃炎如胃胀、呕吐等症状。
2.补气养血:红枣为补养佳品,食疗药膳中常加入红枣补养身体、滋润气血。台大免疫学孙安迪博士大力提倡平时多吃红枣、黄芪、枸杞,能提升身体的元气,增强免疫力。
3.养血安神:女性燥郁症、哭泣不安、心神不宁等,用红枣和甘草、小麦同用<甘麦大枣汤>,可起到养血安神、舒肝解郁的功效。
4.缓和药性:红枣常被用於药性剧烈的药方中,以减少烈性药的副作用,并保护正气。如:「十枣汤」中,用大枣缓解甘遂、大戟、芜花等泻药的毒性,保护脾胃不受伤害。
现有技术中由于工艺方法的限制,对于葛根的利用主要集中在以下方面:一种是将葛根制成粉末后,与其他食物粉末混合食用或者单独使用,该种方法由于工艺简单,破坏了葛根素,无法使葛根中的葛根黄酮和葛根素得到很好的吸收利用;另一种是利用复合酶水解法提取葛根素,这种方法的缺点是工艺周期长,葛根素损失较大,并且要对提取后的废液进行处理,造成原料营养成分的浪费和环境污染,生产成本过高;还有的是提取葛根黄酮,但是这样的方法也对原料造成极大浪费,并且污染环境。即便是在提取黄酮的过程中将葛根渣再利用得到葛根粉,但是处理工艺复杂,成本较高,而且所得的产品因营养价值不高而不受欢迎。近年来也有将葛根进行复合酶水解处理得到葛根粉的方法,但是这样的方法使用复合酶得到单一产品,成本过高,所得产品单一而不能很好地满足消费需求。上述方法均存在出粉率低、浪费严重、成本过高、产品单一、环境不友好等这样或那样的缺陷。
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种能够尽可能结合葛根的药食两用功能,尽可能的开发葛根的营养价值,工艺简单并能提高出粉率的提取工艺,本发明的发明人经过多年的反复试验和探索,致力于葛根的充分利用,并得到了一些成果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种从葛根和红枣中提取有效成分并制成产品的方法。将红枣和葛根复配在一起,制成食用方便,功效显著的产品,利用红枣的补血、健脾、和气等功效与葛根之舒张血管、降脂降压等功效相匹配,较好地起到食药产品君臣相辅、疏通血管与补充血气相结合的作用,从而提高人体血液的流动性,改善人体内生态环境,预防心脑血管等方面疾病是本发明的目的之所在。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取如下的工艺流程:将红枣和葛根分别经过消毒、清洗后,进行粉碎,经混合浸泡、酶解处理、过滤、发酵、真空浓缩干燥、超临界CO2萃取,得到粉末制品,再经造粒、灭菌、包装后成固体枣葛产品。
本发明的工艺流程具有如下一些特点:
本发明采用了黄酒活性干酵母进行发酵,通过黄酒活性干酵母发酵能产生丰富氨基酸,包括18种氨基酸,其中有8种是人体自身不能合成而又必需的。产生含有许多易被人体消化的营养物质,如:糊精.麦芽糖、葡萄糖、脂类.甘油、高级醇、维生素及有机酸等。使产品的营养价值提高不少。发酵后的液体是B族维生素的良好来源,维生素B1.B2.尼克酸、维生素E都很丰富,长期饮用有利于美容、抗衰老。发酵液含多种微量元素。这些微量元素均有防止血压升高和血栓形成的作用。
本发明采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术进行萃取,该技术具有如下一些特点:可在接近室温(35-40℃)及CO2气体笼罩下进行提取,有效地防止了热敏性物质的氧化和逸散,从而在萃取物中保持着药用植物的全部成分,而且能把高沸点,低挥发度、易热解的物质在其沸点温度以下萃取出来;由于全过程不用有机溶剂,因此萃取物绝无残留溶媒,同时也防止了提取过程对人体的毒害和对环境的污染,是100%的纯天然;萃取和分离合二为一,不仅萃取效率高而且能耗较少,节约成本;CO2是一种不活泼的气体,萃取过程不发生化学反应,且属于不燃性气体,无味、无臭、无毒,故安全性好;CO2价格便宜,纯度高,容易取得,且在生产过程中循环使用,从而降低成本;工艺简单易掌握,萃取速度快。
上述工艺特征的单一方法均已得到大量应用,但是在枣葛产品有效成分提取中,如何设定合适的工艺环境参数,也影响最终产品性能,申请人经过大量的研究后,形成独特的提取工艺流程,取得了很好的效果。
更进一步地,本发明还具体公开了混合提取工艺的一些具体步骤以及具体环境参数设置:
在所述的酶解处理过程中,所述酶为纤维素酶和/或果胶酶,其酶活性为30000~50000U/g,纤维素酶的添加量为葛根原料的0.05~0.1wt%;果胶酶的添加量为红枣原料的0.01~0.03wt%,处理温度为35~40℃,处理时间为1小时;发酵所采用的黄酒活性干酵母,其添加量按滤液总重量的0.10~0.15%,发酵温度28~30℃,发酵时间18~24小时;在真空减压浓缩处理中,浓缩处理的真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~55℃,浓缩终点为Brix20%;采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,所述的超临界CO2萃取过程中,萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间1~2小时,萃取压力30~40MPa。、
本发明有以下优点:1、原料方面在于仅利用两种药食同源植物红枣和葛根,安全性更高,两种植物药用元素缔合,更便于人体吸收利用,效用简单快速。2、将两种原料混合后进行复合酶解,能够更好地发挥酶解的作用,简化了后处理工艺。3、增加了发酵工艺,使得最终产品中氨基酸等营养成分含量提高,提高了产品品质。4、超临界CO2流体萃取技术的使用,使原料的有效成分相互缔合程度提高,同时有效成份的得率也提高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示,将380g红枣和620g葛根,分别用清水洗净晾干。
将红枣和葛根块在粉碎机中粉碎,加入10公斤水浸泡2小时,加入酶活为45000U/g的纤维素酶0.97g,作用温度为40℃,作用时间为1小时;再加入果胶酶0.2g,处理温度为40℃,处理时间为1小时;然后将处理液加入硅藻土过滤器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质。
滤液加入发酵罐中添加黄酒活性干酵母12g,发酵温度28~30℃,发酵时间18~24小时。
将发酵液加入真空减压浓缩设备中,进行浓缩处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~55℃,得到Brix20%浓缩液0.8kg。
将浓缩液加入真空干燥设备中,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,干燥温度为50~-60℃,干燥时间38小时,干燥后粉碎留下的样品是混合提取物0.16kg。将混合提取物采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,萃取时,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间1.5小时,萃取压力35MPa,可得到富含两种植物有效成份的固体粉末270g。
最终将固体粉末造粒、灭菌、包装后成产品。
改变酶处理的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例2~5,其结果见表1。
表1
改变真空干燥处理的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例6~8,其结果见表2。
表2
编号 | 真空度(mmHg) | 干燥温度(℃) | 干燥时间(小时) | 固体粉末重量(g) |
实施例1 | 750 | 50 | 40 | 270 |
实施例6 | 750 | 60 | 30 | 265 |
实施例7 | 650 | 55 | 40 | 267 |
实施例8 | 700 | 52 | 40 | 269 |
改变超临界CO2萃取的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例9~10,其结果见表3。
表3
编号 | 萃取温度(℃) | 萃取时间(h) | 萃取压力(MPa) | 固体粉末重量(g) |
实施例1 | 45 | 1.5 | 35 | 110 |
实施例9 | 40 | 1 | 30 | 98 |
实施例10 | 50 | 2 | 40 | 118 |
Claims (6)
1.一种红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于,含有以下步骤:
A.将红枣和葛根分别经过清洗、晾晒后,按照红枣、葛根的重量百分比为20~40∶80~60的比例混合后进行粉碎;将粉碎后的原料加水浸泡后,进行酶解处理;将处理液加入硅藻土过程器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质,得到相应的滤液;
B.将步骤A中得到的滤液加入发酵罐中添加酵母进行发酵;
C.将步骤B中的发酵液加入真空减压浓缩器中进行真空减压浓缩处理;
D.将浓缩液进行真空干燥处理,得到红枣和葛根的混合提取物;
E.将步骤D中的混合提取物进行萃取,得到混合提取物的固体粉末,将该固体粉末进行造粒、灭菌、包装后得到枣葛固体产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于:所述的酶解处理过程中,所述酶为纤维素酶和/或果胶酶,其酶活性为30000~50000U/g,纤维素酶的添加量为葛根原料的0.05~0.1wt%;果胶酶的添加量为红枣原料的0.01~0.03wt%,处理温度为35~40℃,处理时间为1小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于:发酵所采用的酵母为黄酒活性干酵母,添加量按滤液总重量的0.10~0.15%,发酵温度28~30℃,发酵时间18~24小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于:所述的真空减压浓缩处理中,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~55℃,浓缩终点为Brix20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于:采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,所述的超临界CO2萃取过程中,萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间1~2小时,萃取压力30~40MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的红枣和葛根有效成份的混合提取工艺,其特征在于:所述红枣和葛根的的重量百分比为38∶62,粉碎后的原料按1∶10的料液比加水浸泡2~3个小时。
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