CN104509927A - 一种制备枣葛固体饮品的方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种枣葛固体饮品的制备方法。在提取分离过程中,利用生物酶解技术,简化了后处理工艺,同时提高产品品质;采用真空减压浓缩和干燥技术,使操作在常温或较低温下进行,有效地保护了产品有效成分的活性;应用了超临界CO2流体萃取技术,该技术是国际上最先进的物理萃取技术,具有高效、不易氧化、纯天然、无化学污染等特点。利用本发明得到的枣葛固体饮品,具有扩张血管及补充血气的作用,能减少人体血管流动阻力,改变血液的流变性等医疗保健作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及枣葛固体饮品的制备方法,具体地说,是从药食两用植物——葛根中分离、提纯葛根黄酮,以及从红枣提取功效成分并制成营养饮品的方法。
背景技术
葛根为豆科植物葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd1)Ohwi]的根。它是一种常用传统中药,是药、食两用的天然植物资源。葛根含有丰富的淀粉可供食用,葛根的药用价值在我国很早就有记载,始载于《神农本草经》“主消渴、身大热、呕吐、诸痹、起阴气、解诸毒。”随后“本草纲目”等医药著作均记述了葛根的医药功效。过去由于条件所限,对葛根利用价值研究较少,所以除少量用于制葛粉食用和用于一般中药配方外,大多数葛根未能得到很好利用。近年来由于国内外采用了先进的科学技术手段对葛根开发利用问题进行了研究,发现葛根是一种很有开发利用价值的资源,引起人们的重视,葛根开发利用也取得很大进展。现代医学研究和临床实用的结果表明,葛根富含保持人体健康所必需的13种氨基酸,尤其是人体不能自身合成的必需氨基酸含量比其他植物较高,有效活性成份主要有异黄酮、葛根素、葛根苷,生物碱等物质,铁,钙,硒,锗,锰等人体必需的微量元素也丰富,长期食用可起到排毒、降血脂、降血压、降胆固醇、降血糖、减肥、预防老年痴呆、预防心脑血管疾病等作用。
大枣又名红枣、干枣、枣子,起源于中国,在中国已有四千多年的种植历史,自古以来就被列为″五果″(桃、李、梅、杏、枣)之一,含有抑制癌细胞,甚至可使癌细胞向正常细胞转化的物质。具有抗癌,降血压、降胆固醇,保肝护肝之功效。在中药学里,红枣的应用可分为以下几种:
1.健脾益胃:脾胃虚弱、腹泻、倦怠无力的人,每日吃红枣七颗,或与党参、白术共用,能补中益气、健脾胃,达到增加食欲、止泻的功效;红枣和生姜、半夏同用,可治疗饮食不慎所引起的胃炎如胃胀、呕吐等症状。
2.补气养血:红枣为补养佳品,食疗药膳中常加入红枣补养身体、滋润气血。台大免疫学孙安迪博士大力提倡平时多吃红枣、黄芪、枸杞,能提升身体的元气,增强免疫力。
3.养血安神:女性燥郁症、哭泣不安、心神不宁等,用红枣和甘草、小麦同用<甘麦大枣汤>,可起到养血安神、舒肝解郁的功效。
4.缓和药性:红枣常被用於药性剧烈的药方中,以减少烈性药的副作用,并保护正气。如:「十枣汤」中,用大枣缓解甘遂、大戟、芜花等泻药的毒性,保护脾胃不受伤害。
将葛根和红枣复配在一起,制成食用方便,功效显著的固体饮品,是利用红枣的补血、健脾、和气等功效与葛根之舒张血管、降脂降压等功效相匹配,较好地起到食药产品君臣相辅、疏通血管与补充血气相结合的作用,从而提高人体血液的流动性,改善人体内生态环境,预防心脑血管等方面疾病是本发明的目的之所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种从葛根中分离、提纯葛根黄酮等有效成分并和红枣提取物复配成固体饮品的方法。将葛根经过消毒、清洗后,将其粉碎,经过酶处理后过滤,通过真空浓缩干燥,初步分离出葛根黄酮。再进行超临界CO2萃取,进一步得到富含葛根总黄酮的粉末制品;红枣经过消毒、清洗后,将其磨浆,经过酶处理后过滤,通过真空浓缩干燥粉碎,得到红枣提取物,两种固体按6∶4混合、灭菌、包装后成枣葛固体饮品。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下方案:
在处理葛根时,预先洗净,晾干,将处理好的葛根在粉碎机中粉碎,同时加入纤维素酶,其酶活性为30000~50000U/g。酶的添加量为葛根的0.05~0.1wt%,处理温度为35~45℃,处理时间为1~2小时。然后将处理液加入硅藻土过滤器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质。
将红枣经过清洗浸泡后,将其磨浆,进行果胶酶处理,酶的添加量为红枣的0.01~0.03wt%,处理温度为40~50℃,处理时间为1~2小时;将处理液加入硅藻土过程器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质。
将滤液加入真空减压浓缩设备中,分别进行浓缩处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~60℃,得到Brix20%葛根浓缩液和Brix45%红枣浓缩液。
将葛根浓缩液和红枣浓缩液分别加入真空干燥设备中,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,干燥温度为50~-60℃,干燥时间30~40小时,干燥后粉碎留下的样品是葛根提取物和红枣提取物。1kg的红枣大约可以获得260~290g的红枣提取物。将葛根提取物采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,萃取时,萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间1~2小时,萃取压力30~40MPa,可得到富含葛根黄酮的固体粉末,1kg的葛根中大约可以获得92~120g的富含葛根黄酮的固体粉末。该粉末与红枣提取物按6∶4混合、灭菌、包装后成枣葛固体饮品。
本发明的优点是:粉碎鲜葛根时,采用纤维素酶分解葛根中的木质纤维,提高了葛根黄酮的得率;处理红枣是采用果胶酶分解红枣中的果胶,提高产品的出品率。采用超临界CO2萃取葛根提取物,进一步提高产品中葛根总黄酮的含量,最终将葛根固体粉末和红枣提取物按重量比6∶4混合、灭菌、包装后成枣葛固体饮品。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示,将1.0kg葛根,用清水洗净晾干,得到0.97Kg鲜葛根块。
将葛根块在粉碎机中粉碎,同时加入酶活为45000U/g的纤维素酶0.97g,作用温度为40℃,作用时间为2小时。然后将处理液加入硅藻土过滤器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质。
将滤液加入真空减压浓缩设备中,分别进行浓缩处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~60℃,得到Brix20%葛根浓缩液0.8kg。
将葛根浓缩液加入真空干燥设备中,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,干燥温度为50~-60℃,干燥时间38小时,干燥后粉碎留下的样品是葛根提取物0.16kg。将葛根提取物采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,萃取时,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间1.5小时,萃取压力35MPa,可得到富含葛根黄酮的固体粉末110g。
将1kg红枣经过清洗浸泡后,将其磨浆,进行果胶酶处理,酶的添加量为红枣的0.2g,处理温度为40℃,处理时间为2小时;将处理液加入硅藻土过程器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质。
将滤液加入真空减压浓缩设备中,进行浓缩处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~60℃,得到Brix45%红枣浓缩液0.6kg。
将红枣浓缩液加入真空干燥设备中,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,干燥温度为50~60℃,干燥时间40小时,干燥后粉碎后得红枣提取物270g。
最终将葛根固体粉末60g和红枣提取物40g混合、灭菌、包装后成枣葛固体饮品。
改变酶处理的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例2~5,其结果见表1。
表1
改变真空干燥处理的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例6~8,其结果见表2。
表2
改变超临界CO2萃取的各工艺条件,其它工艺条件与实施例1一致,得到实施例9~10,其结果见表3。
表3
编号 | 萃取温度(℃) | 萃取时间(h) | 萃取压力(MPa) | 葛根产物重量(g) |
实施例1 | 45 | 1.5 | 35 | 110 |
实施例9 | 40 | 1 | 30 | 98 |
实施例10 | 50 | 2 | 40 | 118 |
Claims (2)
1.一种枣葛固体饮品的制备方法,其特征在于,含有以下步骤:
A.将葛根经过清洗、晾干后,将其粉碎,进行纤维素酶处理,酶的添加量为葛根的0.05~0.1wt%,处理温度为35~45℃,处理时间为1~2小时;将处理液加入硅藻土过程器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质;将红枣经过清洗浸泡后,将其磨浆,进行果胶酶处理,酶的添加量为红枣的0.01~0.03wt%,处理温度为40~50℃,处理时间为1~2小时;将处理液加入硅藻土过程器中进行过滤,除去其中的杂质;
B.将步骤A中得到的滤液加入真空减压浓缩器中分别进行浓缩处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,浓缩温度为50~60℃,得到Brix20%葛根浓缩液和Brix45%红枣浓缩液;
C.葛根和红枣两种浓缩液,分别进行真空干燥处理,处理时,真空度为650~750mmHg,干燥温度为50~-60℃,干燥时间30~40小时,粉碎后可得到富含葛根黄酮的葛根提取物和红枣提取物;
D.将步骤C中的葛根提取物,采用80%的乙醇作夹带剂进行超临界CO2萃取,萃取时,萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间1~2小时,萃取压力30~40MPa,可得到富含葛根黄酮的固体粉末,该粉末与步骤C中的红枣提取物按重量比6∶4混合后,经造粒、灭菌、包装后得到枣葛固体饮品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的枣葛固体饮品的制备方法,其特征在于:进行酶处理过程中,所述纤维素酶和果胶酶的酶活性为30000~50000U/g。
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