CN104383883B - 六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料及合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料及合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是在酸性条件下，由六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])形成六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，方法具有合成简单、产率高、操作简便、周期短等优点。利用六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基多孔材料所具有的特点，可用于如甲醇、乙醇等易挥发醇类的选择性吸附和分离。
Description
技术领域
本发明一种六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料及其合成方法和应用属于超分子自组装体及其构筑合成方法领域。具体的说就是六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基多孔吸附材料。
背景技术
多孔材料的研究通常包含类微孔沸石，介孔二氧化硅，金属氧化物，金属-有机框架化合物(MOF)和大孔的聚合物等领域。它们的研究范围涉及从结构材料到能源技术的诸多领域，并且在催化，吸附，离子交换和超分子自组装体等方面得到广泛应用。上世纪末，设计具有多样特性和功能的目标结构正逐渐成为材料科学领域的热点。其中，金属-有机框架化合物(MOF) 是材料科学和无机配位化学交叉领域中出现的一类新兴材料，是配位聚合物中一类具有特殊框架以及纳米孔道结构的混合物，是指无机金属中心与有机官能团，通过配位键或者离子-共价键互相联接，共同构筑的具有规则孔道或者空穴结构的晶态多孔材料。使得这类材料在分离材料、具有特殊性能的吸附性材料、传感材料乃至储能材料等研究领域里均有着广泛的应用前景。然而，在不加入第二甚至第三组分的情况下，仅凭主体有机分子构筑目标结构或形成多孔材料，一直存在一定的挑战性。
瓜环(Cucurbit[n ]urils，Q[n ]s)具有由n个苷脲单元和2n个亚甲基桥连起来的大环笼状化合物，其两个开口端边沿“镶嵌”着一圈羰基氧原子，因而具有与金属离子、有机分子官能团配位形成配合物的能力，可通过氢键、π-π堆砌、直接配位等作用构筑形成具有多种结构特征的瓜环基有机框架聚合物。因此，利用瓜环的外壁作用形成瓜环基超分子自组装成为构筑具有规则孔道或者空穴结构的多孔材料的一种途径。韩国的Kim曾在不加入其它组分的情况下，合成出Q[6]基多孔材料。并对挥发性有机小分子有一定的吸附性能。
本专利申请选择在酸性溶液中，六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])形成六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，利用六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基多孔材料孔道对挥发性有机小分子吸附性不同的特性，可用于有机分子的选择性捕集、吸附或分离。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于合成了六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料，公开其合成方法。利用六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料孔道对挥发性有机小分子吸附性不同的特性，可用于有机分子的选择性捕集、吸附或分离等。
本发明是在酸性条件下，六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])形成六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，其组成通式为：
{(HMeQ[6])·10(H2O)} ，M=1369.30
在酸性条件下，六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])形成六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，为瓜环基超分子聚合物。是一种无色长方体形状晶体，单斜晶系，a =14.8304(11), b = 19.0315(14), c = 12.5878(9), V = 3541.3(4) ，Z = 2, T =223 K, ρcalcd = 1.284 g·cm-3, R1 = 0.0837 (I>2s(I)), wR2 = 0.2994 (alldata), GOF = 0.952。并根据热分析参数及粉末衍射数据，对其结构进行确认，如图12，13。
上述所指六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])的化学式为C42H48N24O12，晶体结构如附图1。
上述所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料合成方法，按下列步骤进行：
(1) 将HMeQ[6]用2mol/L盐酸溶液加热完全溶解得到澄清溶液；
(2) 室温静置10~15，析出无色长方体形状晶体；
(3) 过滤、用蒸馏水洗涤，晾干得到产品。
以上所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料合成方法，其溶液为2mol/L盐酸溶液。当HMeQ[6]溶解在2mol/L盐酸溶液中时，长出晶体的速度最快，产率最高。
本发明一种六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料及其合成方法，是利用六甲基六元瓜环形成六甲基六元瓜环基极性孔道的多孔材料对挥发性有机小分子吸附性不同的特性，可用于有机分子的选择性捕集、吸附或分离。其中，对甲醇的吸附效果较好，可用于甲醇和其他挥发性小分子气体的分离。
本发明专利所使用的合成方法具有操作简单，产率高等特点, 为六甲基六元瓜环基孔道超分子自组装体实际应用的开展奠定了基础。同时，利用这类六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料的特点，可用于特定易挥发有机小分子的选择性吸附和分离。
附图说明
图1六甲基六元瓜环HMeQ[6]的晶体结构图。
图2 HMeQ[6]分子构筑的一条孔道。
图3六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料对多种挥发性有机小分子的吸附曲线，从图中可知，甲醇吸附量最大。
图4 六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料与六甲基六元瓜环粉末对甲醇的吸附性能寿命测试。从图中可知，六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料反复使用率较高。
图5 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对甲醇的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对甲醇有很好的吸收效果。
图6 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对乙醇的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对乙醇有明显的吸收效果。
图7 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对丙酮的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对丙酮的吸收效果相对较差。
图8 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对乙腈的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对乙腈的吸收效果较好。
图9 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对四氯化碳的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对四氯化碳的吸收效果较好。
图10 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对乙醚的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对四氯化碳的吸收效果较差。
图11 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末对二氯甲烷的吸收曲线，显示HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体较之纯HMeQ[6]粉末对二氯甲烷的吸收效果较好。
图12 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体和纯HMeQ[6]粉末的热分析实验结果。其中，a,是HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体的热分析实验结果。b,是HMeQ[6]粉末的热分析实验结果。
图13 HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体的粉末衍射图。
从上述吸附结果得出，HMeQ[6]超分子自组装体对甲醇表现出明显的吸收选择性。
具体实施方式
实施例：六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料合成实施方法一：
分别称取HMeQ[6] 1.0g (0.794 mmol)于200ml烧杯中，加入100 mL 2.0 mol/L盐酸溶液，加热使之充分溶解均匀。室温静置两周，析出无色长方体形状晶体，产率在75%。经测定相关详细晶体结构参数，热分析参数及粉末衍射数据，其结构式确认为{(HMeQ[6])·10(H2O)}。
Claims (5)
1.一种六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料，其特征是在酸性条件下，六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])形成六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，其组成通式为：
{(HMeQ[6])·10(H2O)}，M＝1369.30
六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])基极性孔道的多孔材料，为瓜环基超分子聚合物，是一种无色长方体形状晶体，单斜晶系，a＝14.8304(11),b＝19.0315(14),
2.如权利要求1所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料的合成方法，其特征是合成方法按下列步骤进行：
(1)将HMeQ[6]用2mol/L盐酸溶液加热完全溶解得到澄清溶液；
(2)室温静置10～15天，析出无色长方体形状晶体；
(3)过滤、用蒸馏水洗涤，晾干得到产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料的合成方法，其特征是：当HMeQ[6]溶解在2mol/L盐酸溶液中时，长出晶体的速度最快，产率最高。
4.根据权利要求1所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料或权利要求2所述的合成方法合成的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料的应用，其特征是利用六甲基六元瓜环基多孔材料孔道对挥发性有机小分子吸附性不同的特性，可用于有机分子的选择性捕集、吸附或分离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的六甲基六元瓜环基多孔选择吸附材料的应用，其特征是用于甲醇和其他挥发性小分子气体的分离。
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| CN106745625A (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 从水溶液中捕集、分离、降解亚硝酸根离子的方法与应用 |
| CN106896171B (zh) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-08-27 | 江苏微谱检测技术有限公司 | 一种空气污染物的检测方法 |
| CN108752595A (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-11-06 | 贵州大学 | 六甲基六元瓜环多孔超分子组装体框架及其应用 |
| CN108484562B (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2021-12-21 | 贵州大学 | 六甲基六元瓜环超分子自组装载体及其应用 |
| CN108976434B (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-02-12 | 贵州大学 | 一种基于八元瓜环的超分子框架材料的制备方法和应用 |
| CN109111577B (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2021-07-13 | 贵州大学 | 对称四甲基六元瓜环超分子框架材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109897046A (zh) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-06-18 | 贵州大学 | 一种可对甲醇气体检测的荧光材料的制备方法及识别方法 |
| CN110746610A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州大学 | 一种[PdnClm]2-诱导的瓜环基超分子刚性框架材料的构筑 |
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