CN104381314A - Botanical insecticide - Google Patents
Botanical insecticide Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381314A CN104381314A CN201410605715.XA CN201410605715A CN104381314A CN 104381314 A CN104381314 A CN 104381314A CN 201410605715 A CN201410605715 A CN 201410605715A CN 104381314 A CN104381314 A CN 104381314A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention provides a botanical agricultural insecticide, which is friendly to environment, good in insecticidal efficacy and not easy to generate resistance. A missible oil dosage form is prepared by compounding plant extract compound components, namely cashew nut shell oil, an emulsifier and a solvent. Through compound use of a botanical pesticide and a chemical pesticide, complementary advantages are facilitated; the usage amount of the chemical pesticide can be greatly reduced; the bad effects such as pesticide residue pollution are reduced; the drug resistance of pests is delayed; the use safety of the pesticide is improved; and the development direction of sustainable control on the pests at present is compounded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant insecticide, belong to field of agricultural pesticide.
Background technology
Chemical pesticide due to features such as its good drug efficacy, service efficiency are high, remarkable in economical benefits, control pest with ensure that agricultural production increases important role.But chemical pesticide creates a series of environment and social concern in a large amount of use procedure unreasonably of the mankind, as typical " 3R " problem, i.e. pest resistance to insecticide, residue of pesticide and pest resurgence, in addition chemical pesticide is also with chronic toxicity and " three cause " effect, i.e. carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenicity.Along with people are to the pay attention to day by day of environment and health problem, crop use safer biopesticide become the task of top priority to the use reducing chemical pesticide.Exploitation is efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, to decompose and the biopesticide of environmental sound is the field of extensively investigation and application at present to non-target safety, easily.The use of botanical pesticide can effectively reduce chemical pesticide consumption, the research and development of botanical pesticide and utilize plant extracts and chemical pesticide is used in combination has become one of study hotspot of Pesticide Science in recent years.
So-called plant insecticide, just refers to the composition extracting from plant and have insecticidal action, studies its insecticidal activity and the mode of action thereof, insecticidal active ingredient in plant is made the insecticide that may be used for producing and using.Plant insecticide has the incomparable advantage of many chemical pesticides: (1) plant insecticide has stronger desinsection selectivity usually, can not to pest natural enemy generation effect while removing insect, comparatively safe to non-target organism, natural, ecological system of defense can not be destroyed; (2) plant insecticide Action mechanism is different from chemical pesticide, and plant insecticide is the multiple agent of natural mixing, and insecticidal action mode has special diversity, and not to the single-minded mode effect of insect, insect is difficult to produce resistance; (3) plant insecticide comes from nature, easily in natural world degraded, is the one circulation of natural resources, has the features such as low toxicity and low residue, comparatively safe to human and environment; (4) comparatively chemical pesticide is simple in the development and production of plant insecticide; (5) the rich poultry of plant insecticide resource, has nearly 250,000 Plants in the world, and oneself finds that the plant about more than 4000 with biocidal activity is planted at present, and exploitation has great potential.
In recent years along with the increase of Research intensity and the support of policy.Plant insecticide obtains huge development, and the industrialization of many types product is also put on market, achieves desirable effect.But on the other hand, plant insecticide also also exists some problems in evolution.As: (1) plant insecticide, due to himself, makes its drug effect play slower.Can not obtain the effect of getting instant result as chemical pesticide, user is difficult to adapt to; (2) plant insecticide is relative to chemical pesticide, and its active component is relatively on the low side. and affected by environment relatively large, thus improve production cost, marketing relative difficulty; (3) plant insecticide production and scientific research exploitation at present disconnects mutually, and transformation of scientific and technical result rate is low, constrains the industrialization of plant insecticide and the marketization; (4) due to impacts such as geographic difference, weather, season and the places of production, make the former medicine of pesticide plant containing least stable, drug effect is different, is difficult to production standard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of environmental friendliness, good disinsection effect, not easily produce the plant source agricultural insecticide of resistance.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of plant insecticide, and filling a prescription is: the composite component 25%-30% of plant extracts, cashew nut shell oil 2%-4%, emulsifier 15%-20%, solvent supplies 100%.Missible oil formulation is mixed with according to universal method in this area.
The composite component of described plant extracts is: angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E form according to mass ratio 2.5:1:1 is composite.Described angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E are ethanol extract, extracting method is: dry in the shade to a certain extent by vegetable material indoor, put in constant temperature oven (about 45 DEG C), air blast dries up to material embrittlement, with medicinal material pulverizer, each sample is pulverized respectively, after crossing 60 mesh sieves, to load in plastic seal pocket and put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and preserve stand-by.Take vegetable material dry powder 60g during use and be placed in 1000mL wide-mouth bottle, add the alcohol solvent of 75% of 24OmL, constantly stir with magnetic stirring apparatus, filter soak 72h under room temperature after, then plant residue is rinsed 2 times with the alcohol solvent of 75%, merge whole filtrate, filtrate is concentrated into the mother liquor of 60mL (concentration is 1g dry sample/mL) through Rotary Evaporators (45-50 DEG C), and mother liquor sealed type storage is stand-by in the refrigerator of 0-4 DEG C.
Described emulsifier is monomer or the complex preparation of nonionic or anion surfactant, and wherein non-ionic surface active agent comprises: alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether (600#), alkyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, Ben-zylphenol Polyoxyethyl Ether, phenethyl polyoxyethylene poly-oxygen propylene aether, fatty acid ethylene oxide ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester APEO etc.; Anion surfactant comprises: calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonic acid calcium, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether calcium sulphate, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate (k12) etc.Described emulsifier is preferably nonionic and anionic according to mass ratio 2:1 complex preparation.
Described solvent is: one or both in toluene, dimethylbenzene, methyl-sulfoxide, acetone, dimethyl formamide, butanone, cyclohexanone, pyrrolidones, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butanols, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, oxolane, machine oil, vegetable oil, methyl oleate.
Plant material of the present invention all has sterilization, insecticidal function.Cashew nut shell oil has synergy synergy.The effect of various plant material is as follows:
Castor-oil plant (Ricimcc communis) has another name called ox castor, eight pockmarks, straw, bluish dogbane.Season of flowers is at the beginning of the autumn, and yellow green flower, spherefruit, without three prismatic tool thorn or spinelets, plant to be planted maturation can be split, and planting benevolence is white, and castor bean seed is wrapped up by the duricrust with brown decorative pattern, and plant is tall and big, and leaf is light green, multi-branched.Very abundant in china natural resources.By south to north, to the east of west, wild or cultivation, all has distribution.It is a kind of common pesticide plant in the exploitation of plant insecticide.The toxic component that can be used for desinsection in castor-oil plant mainly contains two kinds, is ricin and recinine respectively.
Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Angelica sinensis) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine of China.Pungent, the sweet and slightly warm in nature of its taste, has effect of regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain, warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, can be used for the treatment of the aspects such as traumatic injury, rheumatic arthritis, stomachache, stomachache, have good effect.Radix Angelicae Sinensis is very wide in China's distribution, and in Chinese medicine, frequency of utilization is higher, enjoys the name of " ten medicine rules for doing division with a one-digit divisor on the abacus " in the world of medicine of China.Because its clinical effectiveness is remarkable, of many uses.There are important value of exploiting and utilizing and bright prospects.Radix Angelicae Sinensis is as the good conventional Chinese medicine of a kind of drug effect, and oneself is studied comparatively comprehensive at present for its main chemical compositions.Main chemical compositions in Radix Angelicae Sinensis can be divided into a few class: organic acid, lactone, carbohydrate and trace element.In Radix Angelicae Sinensis, the representative species of organic acid is forulic acid, also has palmitic acid simultaneously, vanillic acid, succinic acid and nicotinic acid etc., lactone compound mainly comprises (Z) Ligustilide, (E)-Ligustilide, angelic acid (Z) Ligustilide-II-alcohol ester, 3-cyclobutenyl-4-hydroxyl phthalide, (E)-6, 7-is trans-dihydroxy Ligustilide, (Z)-6, 7-is trans-dihydroxy Ligustilide, (Z)-6, 7 one epoxy Ligustilides, senkyunolide, ligustilide, butylphthalide, isobutenyl phthalein lactone, and n-butene base phthalein lactone etc.Amino acid in Radix Angelicae Sinensis is very abundant, and mostly being human body institute must the acid of nitrogen base.Trace element nearly 27 kinds, the necessary trace elements of human body such as such as Ca, Na, Ka, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu.
China Cnidium Cusson plant has four kinds, is cnidium monnieri, Xingan's cnidium monnieri, alkali cnidium monnieri and shore cnidium monnieri respectively.Frutus cnidii (Fructus Cnidii) is the dry mature fruit of Umbelliferae Cnidium Cusson plant cnidium monnieri, begins to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, and be classified as top grade, taste is pungent, bitter, warm in nature, having loose to tremble with fear, dispels the wind, eliminating dampness, desinsection, the function such as antipruritic.Its chemical constituent is mainly coumarin kind compound, oleic acid, linoleic acid and higher volatile oil, in addition containing trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Sr, Ca, Mg.Research shows: common cnidium fruit P.E, general coumarin, Osthole and xanthotoxol etc. have pharmacological action widely and clinical practice.
Cashew nut shell oil constituent is complicated, it is reported wherein about containing 90% cashew nut acid (having another name called ginkgoic acid).There are some researches show that ginkgoic acid has the effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-swelling, Suppressing phytopathogens active in, also find that ginkgoic acid all has the inhibitory action without degree to relevant pathogenic bacterium.Meanwhile, correlative study shows, ginkgoic acid has preventive and therapeutic effect to pest such as diamond-back moth, aphid, thrips, and has significant insect killing effect to oncomelania.Cashew nut acid (ginkgoic acid) is the key factor of cashew nut shell oil antimicrobial and insecticidal activity.
The present invention successfully have developed the insecticide containing three Plant Extracts, environmental friendliness, good disinsection effect, not easily produces resistance.And the present invention due to adopt cashew nut shell oil and botanical pesticide composite, and without the need to adding dispersant, thickener, defoamer etc.Both reduced cost, made again process simple and fast more.It is heat storage, cold storage that the present invention fills a prescription, freeze molten and dilution stability is good.
The present invention, by botanical pesticide and the rational composite use of chemical pesticide, is conducive to having complementary advantages, significantly can reduces the usage amount of chemical pesticide, reduce the harmful effects such as pesticide residual contamination.Delay the pesticide resistance of pest, improve Pesticide use safety, compound is at present to the developing direction that sustainable pest management controls.
Embodiment
Embodiment: a kind of plant insecticide, by the composite component 25%-30% of plant extracts, cashew nut shell oil 2%-4%, emulsifier 15%-20%, solvent supplies 100%, is mixed with missible oil formulation according to universal method in this area.
The composite component of described plant extracts is: angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E form according to mass ratio 2.5:1:1 is composite.Described angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E are ethanol extract, extracting method is: dry in the shade to a certain extent by vegetable material indoor, put in constant temperature oven (about 45 DEG C), air blast dries up to material embrittlement, with medicinal material pulverizer, each sample is pulverized respectively, after crossing 60 mesh sieves, to load in plastic seal pocket and put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and preserve stand-by.Take vegetable material dry powder 60g during use and be placed in 1000mL wide-mouth bottle, add the alcohol solvent of 75% of 24OmL, constantly stir with magnetic stirring apparatus, filter soak 72h under room temperature after, then plant residue is rinsed 2 times with the alcohol solvent of 75%, merge whole filtrate, filtrate is concentrated into the mother liquor of 60mL (concentration is 1g dry sample/mL) through Rotary Evaporators (45-50 DEG C), and mother liquor sealed type storage is stand-by in the refrigerator of 0-4 DEG C.
Described emulsifier is monomer or the complex preparation of nonionic or anion surfactant, and wherein non-ionic surface active agent comprises: alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether (600#), alkyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, Ben-zylphenol Polyoxyethyl Ether, phenethyl polyoxyethylene poly-oxygen propylene aether, fatty acid ethylene oxide ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester APEO etc.; Anion surfactant comprises: calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonic acid calcium, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether calcium sulphate, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate (k12) etc.Described emulsifier is preferably nonionic and anionic according to mass ratio 2:1 complex preparation.
Described solvent is: one or both in toluene, dimethylbenzene, methyl-sulfoxide, acetone, dimethyl formamide, butanone, cyclohexanone, pyrrolidones, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butanols, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, oxolane, machine oil, vegetable oil, methyl oleate.
In embodiment 1-5, each constituent mass proportioning is as follows:
Test example 1. indoor insecticidal toxicity test
Infusion process is adopted to carry out Toxicity Determination to aphid.By the former medicinal liquid being configured at least 6 series mass concentration according to a certain percentage of the embodiment of the present invention 3.Choose complete, well-grown blade, take out flood 5s in liquid to be measured after, suck unnecessary liquid with blotting paper, dry in the shade, and be wrapped in petiole place with moistening sliver, scatter and disappear to reduce leaf water, keep certain humidity, be placed in culture dish for subsequent use; Take out after band worm blade is flooded 5s in liquid to be measured, draw unnecessary liquid, in the same size with writing brush picking, take action active aphid, transfers on above-mentioned process blade for subsequent use, every sheet 45.Be placed in temperature 25 DEG C, cultivate in the incubator of relative moisture about 85%, often process repetition 4 times, and compare, pick out dead individuals respectively at 48h, 72h, calculate lethality and corrected mortality.Its formula is:
Have said determination result to find out, insecticide of the present invention has good insecticidal effect.
The evaluation of test example 2. mixture co-toxicity
The co-toxicity coefficient method of the abundant proposition of Sun Yun is adopted to evaluate the synergy of mixture.If each single dose that confection is M, component M is A, B.Toxicity index is TI, and active ingredient percentage composition is P, then co-toxicity coefficient (CTC)
Computing formula is as follows:
TI × the P of the TTI=A of M
atI × the P of+B
b
ATI: actual mixed toxicity index; TTI: theoretical mixed toxicity index; CTC: the co-toxicity coefficient of mixture
If the co-toxicity coefficient of mixture (CTC) is less than 80, for picking up anti-effect; 80-120 is summation action; Being greater than 120, is synergistic effect.
Insecticide co-toxicity coefficient of the present invention is 134-142, shows good synergistic effect.
Claims (5)
1. a plant insecticide, is characterized in that, fills a prescription to be: the composite component 25%-30% of plant extracts, cashew nut shell oil 2%-4%, emulsifier 15%-20%, solvent supplies 100%.
2. plant insecticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the composite component of described plant extracts is: angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E form according to mass ratio 2.5:1:1 is composite.
3. plant insecticide as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described angelica extract, castor-oil plant extract, common cnidium fruit P.E are ethanol extract.
4. plant insecticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described emulsifier is monomer or the complex preparation of nonionic or anion surfactant, and wherein non-ionic surface active agent comprises: alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether (600#), alkyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, Ben-zylphenol Polyoxyethyl Ether, phenethyl polyoxyethylene poly-oxygen propylene aether, fatty acid ethylene oxide ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester APEO etc.; Anion surfactant comprises: calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonic acid calcium, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether calcium sulphate, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate (k12) etc.Described emulsifier is preferably nonionic and anionic according to mass ratio 2:1 complex preparation.
5. plant insecticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solvent is: one or both in toluene, dimethylbenzene, methyl-sulfoxide, acetone, dimethyl formamide, butanone, cyclohexanone, pyrrolidones, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butanols, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, oxolane, machine oil, vegetable oil, methyl oleate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410605715.XA CN104381314A (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | Botanical insecticide |
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| CN201410605715.XA CN104381314A (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | Botanical insecticide |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104920482A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-23 | 秦盼盼 | Plant source pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN108271826A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-13 | 金华市众鑫农业科技有限公司 | The preparation method of fruit tree dormancy breaking agent |
| CN108812714A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | For preventing and treating the medicament and preparation method thereof of longan longicorn |
| CN109105371A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of compound pesticide controlling aphid and its preparation and application |
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| CN101336647A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-07 | 上海市农业科学院 | Plant composite insecticide |
| CN101919417A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-22 | 安徽农业大学 | Plant source pesticide containing cashew nut shell oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN102246825A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-11-23 | 王乃利 | Biopesticide and preparation method thereof |
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2014
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| CN101336647A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-07 | 上海市农业科学院 | Plant composite insecticide |
| CN101919417A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-22 | 安徽农业大学 | Plant source pesticide containing cashew nut shell oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN102246825A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-11-23 | 王乃利 | Biopesticide and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104920482A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-23 | 秦盼盼 | Plant source pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN108271826A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-13 | 金华市众鑫农业科技有限公司 | The preparation method of fruit tree dormancy breaking agent |
| CN108812714A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | For preventing and treating the medicament and preparation method thereof of longan longicorn |
| CN109105371A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of compound pesticide controlling aphid and its preparation and application |
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Application publication date: 20150304 |