CN104322248A - Layered positioning study method for plant root system growth and layered positioning device - Google Patents

Layered positioning study method for plant root system growth and layered positioning device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104322248A
CN104322248A CN201410527263.8A CN201410527263A CN104322248A CN 104322248 A CN104322248 A CN 104322248A CN 201410527263 A CN201410527263 A CN 201410527263A CN 104322248 A CN104322248 A CN 104322248A
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network
location
soil
root
plant
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CN104322248B (en
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闫伟平
王立春
边少锋
方向前
张丽华
谭国波
赵洪祥
孟祥盟
孙宁
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers

Abstract

The invention provides a layered positioning study method for plant root system growth and a layered positioning device. Test soil is contained in an isolation tube provided with a plurality of layers of positioning nets, seeds of studied plants are planted, the isolation tube is dug out after the plant growth reaches the standard, the test soil is flushed away by water, and plant root system samples are collected for various kinds of study test work. The plant root system growth track positioning is accurate, the completeness is high, the loss is little, the root taking depth can be easily controlled, the damage to the root system in the root taking process is reduced, the sampling error is reduced, the root system growth environment is similar to the natural environment, the method can be applicable to the root system study of different plants such as corns, soybeans, rice, mung beans, sorghum and peanuts, and the application range is wide. The positioning device has the advantages that the structure is simple, the cost is low, the use is flexible, the mounting and the dismounting are convenient, the roots and the soil can be easily separated, the root washing process is simple, the root taking process is precise, the in-situ performance is good, the completeness is high, the growth tracks are clear, the root system loss is little, the operation complexity degree is reduced, and the work intensity of study personnel is greatly reduced.

Description

The Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth and layering positioner
Technical field
The present invention relates to research method and the utensil of root system of plant cultivation and growth, is a kind of Hierarchical Location research method and layering positioner of plant root growth specifically.
Background technology
Root system growing and having important function in vital movement plant, morphosis, the physiological characteristic of further investigation root system of plant have important theory and production practices meaning.The sampling of root system of plant is related to more to the operation of Different Crop, different soil property, different depth, different parts, different root amount and different purposes in research of agricultural science.
At present, mining method (soil drilling method or soil block method etc.) is commonly used to the research of field crop root system, Split-Root Nutrient Solution Method, pot-culture method, mesh bag method, soilless culture (water, sand, gravel or air culture) method, tracer method etc. sample and observe, but these methods and device mostly also exist following many drawbacks: sample accurate not, root, soil are not easily separated, get that root integrality is poor, root system loss is large; Planting district mostly is basin shape, square groove shape or cylindrical shape, basin shape plantation volume is often not enough, limit the growth of root, current square groove or cylinder plantation are main mainly with fixing cement tub or porcelain jar, build up the rear degree of depth can not change, overall pulling down difficulty, Pilot office is sex-limited comparatively large, and root operating difficulties is got in later stage test; Get the integrality that root process easily destroys plant root, there is larger movement in the script growth track of root system in soil, the track of root growth destroys obviously and cannot reduce, and in each soil horizon, root system loss is serious, differs greatly with root system growing state originally; Core original state is preserved and difficult treatment, and wash root process complexity, operation is wasted time and energy, and application limitation is large, is unsuitable for the research of root distinction coefficient; Culture environment and Difference of physical environment are comparatively large, and obviously, tracer isotope radioactive particle exists the danger of contaminated environment for Root morphology, structure and distribution, root approximate number amount and inner enzyme activity and bio-hormone content difference.Find that there is the report of some observation procedure about plant root growth process and equipment etc., but still also exist: the structure of not fixing root system, the resistance to overturning of easy destruction root system of plant, wash root process to waste time and energy operating difficulties, wash the growth structure can not fixing root system longitudinal direction in root process, the actual growth trajectory displacement of root system of plant is larger; Adding at the bottom of fitted tube of having separates completely with natural soils environment, and the environment such as soil moisture, microorganism cannot communicate with natural world, cannot the upgrowth situation of root system under simulating natural condition completely; Install, disassembling section be complicated, need individually the auxiliary of the main equipments such as crane, be difficult to after carrying soil because device is too heavy to ensure to excavate, flushing process stable, be difficult to the track after maintaining root system location and the defects such as larger displacement do not occur.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed for above-mentioned prior art, provide one to get root accurate positioning, original position is good, flexible and convenient to use, the Hierarchical Location research method of the plant root growth that operating efficiency is high and layering positioner.
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth.
The Hierarchical Location research method of this plant root growth, follows these steps to carry out:
(1) in the spacing container can avoiding surrounding soil environmental influence, at least two-layer network for location be parallel to each other is set;
(2) in spacing container, fill the test soil needed for test, pouring into enough water to the spacing container filling test soil makes test soil heavy real, lay equal stress on and be added with soil, water-pouring process, until the position that the test soil in spacing container is down to most last layer network for location no longer declines;
(3) when sowing time, by the seed of studied plant, be planted in the test soil of sowing opening on most last layer network for location;
(4) after plant growth to be studied reaches the required standard of test, dig out the test soil of spacing container and inside thereof, with hook, nail or tether, root system of plant is fixed on network for location further after removing spacing container, then the test soil around network for location is washed away from top to bottom with water, the root system of plant sample that original position is good, growth track is clear, integrality is high can be collected, carry out various research test job.
In order to adapt to the different requirements of each Plants (such as: corn, soybean, paddy rice and mung bean, Chinese sorghum, peanut etc.) root growth research.The cross sectional shape of described spacing container, can be circular, square or rectangular, be highly 200-1000 millimeters, cross-sectional area be 15000-206000 square millimeters.Network for location can arrange 2-10 layers, and the vertical interval of network for location is 100-200 millimeters, and the mesh aperture of network for location is 8-4 orders (2.36-4.75 millimeters).
Described test soil is: black earth series, comprises greyzem, black earth, white muddy soil and chernozem.
In order to better realize above-mentioned research method, another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plant root growth layering positioner.
This plant root growth layering positioner, by the isolating cylinder of surrounding soil environmental influence can be avoided to form, feature is in isolating cylinder, mounted network for location dish fixed mount, and on network for location dish fixed mount, at least two-layer network for location dish is equipped with in activity.
Described network for location dish fixed mount is made up of at least three network for location dish dead levers, and on network for location dish dead lever, correspondence is provided with the fixing card of at least two network for location dishes, and network for location dish is equipped with in the upper activity of the fixing card of network for location dish.Card fixed by network for location dish can arrange 2-10 layers, and the vertical interval that card fixed by network for location dish is 100-200 millimeters; Network for location dish is made up of network for location dish frame, and network for location dish frame is fixedly connected with network for location, is provided with at least one sowing opening at the network for location center of the network for location dish of the superiors, and the mesh aperture of network for location is 8-4 orders (2.36-4.75 millimeters); The height of isolating cylinder is 200-1000 millimeters, and the cross-sectional area of isolating cylinder is 15000-206000 square millimeters.
Described isolating cylinder and the shape of network for location dish matched with it, can be circle, square or rectangular.
In order to ensure network for location dish fixed mount in use, dismounting is convenient, places firm, reliable, is respectively equipped with stay hook in the upper end of network for location dish dead lever, be connected with fixing pipe box in the lower end of network for location dish dead lever, fixing pipe box is fixedly connected on underframe respectively.
In order to isolating cylinder in use more convenient, firm, connect closely, two parts make-up that isolating cylinder is divided into by vertical direction forms, and the outside of the isolating cylinder after make-up is provided with the fixing card of at least one isolating cylinder.
Layering positioner structure of the present invention is simple, can select raw material and the spare parts in common use such as PVC-U tubing, stainless steel, and adopts the processes such as conventional welding to make, and cost is low, easily implement.
Layering positioner design science of the present invention is reasonable, easily operates, and gets that root original position is good, growth track is clear, integrality is high, get root consume less, destroy little, for realizing the Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth, provide a kind of special implement.In order to adapt to the research of different root system of plant, network for location dish fixed mount vertical direction can place some layers of network for location dish, each layer network for location dish can select the network for location of different pore size mesh according to different root system of plant situation.In order to realize the accurate location of network for location dish to plant each layer root system, network for location dish dead lever being provided with the fixing card of network for location dish of fixed range, each net dish position is accurately located.
When research uses, first network for location dish fixed mount complete for assembling is loaded in the isolating cylinder after combination, and isolating cylinder is put into the heatable adobe sleeping platform being greater than its volume that test site dug, again test soil is inserted inside and outside isolating cylinder, enough depositing in waters are poured into real to the isolating cylinder filling test soil, repeat to add soil, water-pouring process, until test in isolating cylinder soil be down to go up a network for location dish most position not in decline, the seed of studied plant can be planted in sowing time the test soil in sowing opening.After standard needed for test to be achieved, dig out plant root growth layering positioner, removing isolating cylinder, washes away the test soil in network for location dish fixed mount with water, the root system of plant sample that original position is good, integrality is high can be collected, carry out the research work such as the mensuration of indices.
The Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth of the present invention and layering positioner are compared with prior art, there is following beneficial effect: the Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth of the present invention and layering positioner, the network for location of several different large small-bores can be selected simultaneously, and different vertical intervals is set, network for location emplacement depth is accurate, minimum and the firm position of the displacement of plant root growth track, makes to get root sample farthest close to Production of Large Fields; The accurate positioning of root growth track, root integrality is high, loss is few, gets the root degree of depth and easily controls, and each soil layer root structure is complete and position accurate, decreases and gets the destructiveness of root process to root system entirety, reduce sampling error; Spacing container is conducive to preservation and the process of testing soil, and growing environment and the natural environment of root system of plant are close, and whole process of growth does not produce environmental pollution; Can adapt to the research of different plant, such as corn, soybean, paddy rice and mung bean, Chinese sorghum, peanut and other crops, can meet the various research work of root growth situation, applied range.
Layering positioner structure is simple, cost of manufacture is low, use flexibly, dismounting is easy, root, soil is easily separated, wash root process simple, it is time saving and energy saving to operate, root system loss is low, get root accurate, efficiently, reduce the complexity of operation, two parts make-up that isolating cylinder is divided into by vertical direction forms, and be provided with isolating cylinder fix card carry test soil tension force, the volume of isolating cylinder is moderate, it is more convenient to make positioner dismounting and get the enforcement of root work, be easy to operation, greatly alleviate the labour intensity of researcher, realization for Hierarchical Location research method provides good utensil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of plant root growth layering positioner of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that network for location dish is assembled on network for location dish fixed mount.
In figure: the fixing card of 1 isolating cylinder, 1.1 isolating cylinders, 2 network for location dish fixed mounts, 2.1 network for location dish dead levers, 2.2 network for location dishes fix card, 2.3 stay hooks, 2.4 fixing pipe box, 2.5 underframes, 3 network for location dishes, 3.1 network for location dish frames, 3.2 networks for location, 3.3 sowing openings.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with each embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: plant root growth layering positioner
With reference to accompanying drawing 1,2, this is a kind of circular plant root growth layering positioner being provided with five layers of network for location dish, and by the isolating cylinder 1 of two semicircular arc make-ups can avoiding surrounding soil environmental influence, the isolating cylinder on isolating cylinder is fixed card 1.1 and formed.Mount by the network for location dish fixed mount 2 be made up of four network for location dish dead levers 2.1 in isolating cylinder, on network for location dish dead lever, correspondence is provided with five equidistant network for location dishes and fixes card 2.2, the upper end of network for location dish dead lever is provided with stay hook 2.3, closely cooperate in the lower end of network for location dish dead lever and fixing pipe box 2.4 is housed, fixing pipe box is welded on circular underframe 2.5 respectively.On the fixing card of the network for location dish of network for location dish fixed mount, network for location dish 3 is equipped with in activity, and network for location dish is made up of network for location dish frame 3.1, and network for location dish frame is fixedly connected with network for location 3.2, is provided with sowing opening 3.3 at the network for location center of the network for location dish of the superiors.
Embodiment 2: the Hierarchical Location research of corn root growth under 60000 strains/hectare planting density
In order to study the root growth situation of corn, first the circular plant root growth layering positioner that is provided with five layers of network for location dish is made, by planting density 60000 strains/hectare, the isolating cylinder internal diameter selecting layering positioner is 270 millimeters, be highly 550 millimeters, the stainless steel rod of 4 600 millimeters long is selected to make network for location dish dead lever and stay hook, the spacing of network for location dish vertical direction 100 millimeters, network for location dish diameter is 260 millimeters, on network for location dish, the mesh aperture of network for location is respectively 1 of 4 orders (4.75 millimeters) from top to bottom, 2 of 6 orders (3.35 millimeters), 2 of 8 orders (2.36 millimeters).
After layering positioner assembling, the heatable adobe sleeping platform of dark 550 millimeter is dug in optional test place, plant root growth layering positioner is placed in heatable adobe sleeping platform, test soil is inserted inside and outside isolating cylinder, in isolating cylinder, repeatedly add real about 4-5 times of soil, depositing in water after dress soil, make to test in isolating cylinder the position of soil stabilization at most last layer network for location dish.When sowing time, corn seed is planted in the test soil at sowing opening place.Several parameters identical layering positioner can be chosen during test, load different test soil and fertilizer simultaneously respectively, to simulate the growth of root system of plant under the environment such as different soils, different fertilizer.The field management such as irrigation are consistent with field management.
To be achievedly get root after date, strike off milpa acrial part, during cutting, retain the cane of 100 millimeter.Dig out plant root growth layering positioner, open the fixing card of isolating cylinder, removing isolating cylinder, with cleek or the iron nail of two length 300 millimeter, insert in the stem stalk of reservation, corn root is firmly fixed on network for location dish fixed mount further.Wash away the test soil in network for location dish fixed mount from top to bottom with water after fixing, can collect after flushing that integrality is high, growth track corn root sample accurately, carry out the detection of Root morphology, structure and distribution, and to work of taking a sample to research such as root physiology index and edaphon mensuration.
Rinse test soil in network for location dish fixed mount time, the sampling of different object can also be carried out to each layer test soil, each residual condition such as layer test Pesticide Residue in Soil, chemical fertilizer etc. under detecting natural conditions, and test edaphon composition and distribution situation etc.
Embodiment 3: the Hierarchical Location research of the plant root growth of high yielding soybeans under 15000 plants/acre of planting densities
In order to study the root growth situation of high yielding soybeans, first the circular plant root growth layering positioner that is provided with six layers of network for location dish is made, by planting density 15000 plants/acre, the isolating cylinder internal diameter selecting layering positioner is 260 millimeters, be highly 650 millimeters, the stainless steel rod of 4 700 millimeters long is selected to make network for location dish dead lever and stay hook, the spacing of network for location dish vertical direction 100 millimeters, network for location dish diameter is 250 millimeters, on network for location dish, the mesh aperture of network for location is respectively 1 of 5 orders (4.00 millimeters) from top to bottom, 3 of 6 orders (3.35 millimeters), 2 of 8 orders (2.36 millimeters), the network for location of most last layer is provided with 3 sowing openings, triangularity between sowing opening.
After layering positioner assembling, the heatable adobe sleeping platform of dark 650 millimeter is dug in optional test place, plant root growth layering positioner is placed in heatable adobe sleeping platform, test soil is inserted inside and outside isolating cylinder, in isolating cylinder, real about 4-5 times of soil, depositing in water are repeatedly added after dress soil, make in isolating cylinder, to test the position of soil stabilization at most last layer network for location dish, when sowing time, soya seeds is planted in the test soil at 3 sowing opening places, plantation 3 beans kinds in each sowing opening, carry out thinning in seedling stage, in each sowing opening, retain 2 strain bean seedlings.
To be achievedly get root after date, strike off soybean plant strain acrial part, during cutting, retain the cane of 100 millimeter.Dig out plant root growth layering positioner, open the fixing card of isolating cylinder, removing isolating cylinder, toggles the stem stalk of reservation, root is firmly fixed on network for location dish fixed mount further by two tethers.Wash away the test soil in network for location dish fixed mount from top to bottom with water after fixing, can collect after flushing that integrality is high, growth track Soybean Root sample accurately, carry out the observation of Root morphology, structure and distribution, to work of taking a sample to research such as root system Physicochemical index and rhizobium related assays.
Embodiment 4: the Hierarchical Location research of the plant root growth of peanut under 200000 strains/hectare planting density
In order to study the root growth situation of peanut, by planting density 200000 strains/hectare, select a circular plant root growth layering positioner being provided with four layers of network for location dish, the isolating cylinder internal diameter of layering positioner is 270 millimeters, be highly 450 millimeters, the stainless steel rod of 4 500 millimeters long is selected to make network for location dish dead lever and stay hook, the spacing of network for location dish vertical direction 100 millimeters, network for location dish diameter is 260 millimeters, on network for location dish, the mesh aperture of network for location is respectively 1 of 5 orders (4.00 millimeters) from top to bottom, 1 of 6 orders (3.35 millimeters), 2 of 8 orders (2.36 millimeters), the network for location of most last layer is provided with 4 sowing openings, quadrate between sowing opening.
After layering positioner assembling, the heatable adobe sleeping platform of dark 450 millimeter is dug in optional test place, plant root growth layering positioner is placed in heatable adobe sleeping platform, test soil is inserted inside and outside isolating cylinder, in isolating cylinder, real about 4-5 times of soil, depositing in water are repeatedly added after dress soil, make in isolating cylinder, to test the position of soil stabilization at most last layer network for location dish, when sowing time by peanut seed kind in the test soil at sowing opening place, plantation 4 in each sowing opening, carry out thinning in seedling stage, retain the seedling of respective numbers.
To be achievedly get root after date, strike off peanut plant acrial part, during cutting, retain the cane of 100 millimeter.Dig out plant root growth layering positioner, open the fixing card of isolating cylinder, removing isolating cylinder, with two tethers or cleek, toggles the stem stalk of reservation, root is firmly fixed on network for location dish fixed mount further.Wash away the soil in network for location dish fixed mount from top to bottom with water after fixing, can collect after flushing that integrality is high, growth track Roots of Peanut sample accurately, carry out the observation of Root morphology, structure and distribution etc., and to coherent sampling research work such as root system, test soil physico-chemical index mensuration, residue of pesticide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, study for the Hierarchical Location of embodiment 2 Maize Roots, method of the present invention is than traditional spade mining method, get root amount many, root integrality is high, and spade excavating depth is 200 millimeter, and deep layer root system is lost serious, lose root and reach more than 40%, be subject to other root system interference in soil environment; And method of the present invention, get the root degree of depth and at the depth adjustable of 500-1000 millimeter, root can be got and be lost in less than 5%, not by the interference of other plant root growth in ambient soil.
Method of the present invention and single cylinder, case, the container methods such as basin are compared, the natural conditions of maximum simulation Production of Large Fields environment, cylinder, case, the soil volume that basin fills is very few or too much, obvious with the difference of actual field conditions, plant strain growth seriously deviates from actual natural conditions, the plant that growth number of days is identical, root system dry matter (28-24.5 grams) is general than low 20-30% of natural conditions, stem stalk diameter (27-24 millimeter) is generally than the minimizing 10-20% of natural conditions, and can not observe and determine the concrete degree of depth that root system grows in soil after washing root.Under method of the present invention and land for growing field crops fertilizer and water condition same case, the basic no significant difference of root growth environment, root system dry matter reduces by 0.5-3%, stem stalk diameter difference about 1%, directly can observe root growth track and the various piece growth degree of depth and form after washing root.Method of the present invention get the improving activity of root system of root and the root activity of bio-hormone value and grown in field etc. closely, difference only has 0.5-1%, than the improving activity of root system high 10-20% that other cultural method existing is collected, more objectively can reflect the growing state of root system of plant in natural environment, and various research of getting root can be met.

Claims (7)

1. a Hierarchical Location research method for plant root growth, is characterized in that: follow these steps to carry out:
(1) in the spacing container can avoiding surrounding soil environmental influence, at least two-layer network for location be parallel to each other is set;
(2) in spacing container, fill the test soil needed for test, pouring into enough water to the spacing container filling test soil makes test soil heavy real, lay equal stress on and be added with soil, water-pouring process, until the position that the test soil in spacing container is down to most last layer network for location no longer declines;
(3) when sowing time, by the seed of studied plant, be planted in the test soil of sowing opening on most last layer network for location;
(4) after plant growth to be studied reaches the required standard of test, dig out the test soil of spacing container and inside thereof, with hook, nail or tether, root system of plant is fixed on network for location further after removing spacing container, then the test soil around network for location is washed away from top to bottom with water, the root system of plant sample that original position is good, growth track is clear, integrality is high can be collected, carry out various research test job.
2. the Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cross sectional shape of spacing container is circular, square or rectangular, height 200-1000 millimeters, cross-sectional area 15000-206000 square millimeters; Network for location arranges 2-10 layers, the vertical interval of network for location 100-200 millimeters, mesh aperture 8-4 order of network for location.
3. the Hierarchical Location research method of plant root growth according to claim 1, is characterized in that: test greyzem, black earth, white muddy soil and chernozem that soil is black earth series.
4. a plant root growth layering positioner, by the isolating cylinder of surrounding soil environmental influence can be avoided to form, is characterized in that: in isolating cylinder, mounted network for location dish fixed mount, on network for location dish fixed mount, at least two-layer network for location dish is equipped with in activity; Network for location dish fixed mount is made up of at least three network for location dish dead levers, and on network for location dish dead lever, correspondence is provided with the fixing card of at least two network for location dishes, and network for location dish is equipped with in the upper activity of the fixing card of network for location dish; Card fixed by network for location dish can arrange 2-10 layers, and the vertical interval 100-200 millimeters of card fixed by network for location dish; Network for location dish is made up of network for location dish frame, and network for location dish frame is fixedly connected with network for location, is provided with at least one sowing opening at the network for location center of the network for location dish of the superiors, mesh aperture 8-4 order of network for location; The height of isolating cylinder 200-1000 millimeters, the cross-sectional area of isolating cylinder 15000-206000 square millimeters.
5. plant root growth layering positioner according to claim 4, is characterized in that: isolating cylinder and the shape of network for location dish matched with it, is circular, square or rectangular.
6. plant root growth layering positioner according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: be respectively equipped with stay hook in the upper end of network for location dish dead lever, be connected with fixing pipe box in the lower end of network for location dish dead lever, fixing pipe box is fixedly connected on underframe respectively.
7. plant root growth layering positioner according to claim 4, is characterized in that: two parts make-up that isolating cylinder is divided into by vertical direction forms, and the outside of the isolating cylinder after make-up is provided with the fixing card of at least one isolating cylinder.
CN201410527263.8A 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 The Hierarchical Location research method and layering positioner of plant root growth Expired - Fee Related CN104322248B (en)

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CN111024582A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 北京林业大学 Device and method for precisely measuring soil permeation effect of newly-born plant root system improvement
CN111024582B (en) * 2019-12-25 2022-05-27 北京林业大学 Device and method for precisely measuring soil permeation effect of newly-born plant root system improvement
CN111149547A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-15 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Planting device and planting method for keeping complete root systems of crops
CN113607470A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-11-05 海南大学 Multifunctional collecting device for collecting rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in situ
CN114088892A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-25 安徽农业大学 Potato root system in-situ observation test device
CN114402846A (en) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-29 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 Root system observation box
CN114402846B (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-03-14 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 Root system observation box

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