CN106769166A - A kind of experimental provision for the fine Stratified Sampling of green plant rhizosphere soil - Google Patents
A kind of experimental provision for the fine Stratified Sampling of green plant rhizosphere soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
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- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置，包括土培装置及设于土培装置下方的分层取土装置，土培装置包括上部环及设于该上部环下方的下部环，在上部环与下部环的连接处设置有尼龙网；在下部环内部下端设置有推土活塞，该推土活塞上设置有过滤纸；分层取土装置用于推动推土活塞向上运动指定的距离后，通过切割土柱进行分层取样。本发明在植物盆栽试验过程中，通过用透水透肥的尼龙网将上部环中根系与下部环中的土壤分开，实现对纯粹根际土壤的研究；采用可拆卸式土培装置和基于深度螺旋测微仪的精密厚度控制，对根际土柱进行精细分层，并用简易的工具进行原状土壤取样，实现对根际土壤纵向物质迁移、分布及性质变异的研究。
The invention discloses an experimental device for fine layered sampling of rhizosphere soil in potted plants, comprising a soil cultivation device and a layered soil sampling device arranged below the soil cultivation device. The soil cultivation device includes an upper ring and a The lower ring below the ring is provided with a nylon mesh at the connection between the upper ring and the lower ring; a bulldozing piston is provided at the lower end of the lower ring, and filter paper is provided on the bulldozer piston; After the soil piston moves upward for a specified distance, stratified sampling is performed by cutting the soil column. During the plant pot experiment, the invention realizes the research on the pure rhizosphere soil by separating the root system in the upper ring from the soil in the lower ring with a water-permeable and fertilizer-permeable nylon net; The precise thickness control of the micrometer can finely stratify the rhizosphere soil column, and use simple tools to sample the undisturbed soil, so as to realize the research on the longitudinal material migration, distribution and property variation of the rhizosphere soil.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及土壤学与植物营养学领域，具体是一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置。The invention relates to the fields of soil science and plant nutrition, in particular to an experimental device for fine layered sampling of potted plant rhizosphere soil.
背景技术Background technique
根际土壤是指受植物根系活动影响而在物理、化学和生物学性质上异于土体的微域土壤。根际范围很小，一般指离根轴表面数毫米之内，但根际土壤中的物质转化与能量转移过程与植物根系活动间的相互影响作用显著，因此，根际营养一直是植物营养研究的重要内容之一，而根际土壤样品采集方法是确定研究目标和研究内容的重要技术手段之一。现有根际营养研究多采用埋入网袋法或密集种植法获得根际土壤，这些方法不能对根际土壤进行精密分层采样，从而无法开展根际土壤溶质纵向迁移转化特征的研究。Rhizosphere soil refers to the micro-domain soil that is different from the soil body in physical, chemical and biological properties due to the influence of plant root activities. The scope of the rhizosphere is very small, generally within a few millimeters from the surface of the root shaft, but the interaction between the material transformation and energy transfer process in the rhizosphere soil and the activities of the plant root system is significant. Therefore, rhizosphere nutrition has always been an important aspect of plant nutrition research The rhizosphere soil sample collection method is one of the important technical means to determine the research objectives and research content. Existing rhizosphere nutrition studies mostly use the method of burying net bags or dense planting methods to obtain rhizosphere soil. These methods cannot carry out precise layered sampling of rhizosphere soil, so it is impossible to carry out research on the characteristics of longitudinal migration and transformation of rhizosphere soil solutes.
目前公开的土壤分层采样技术与装置，大多是单纯对土壤进行分层，如基于环刀状土钻改造的土壤分层装置、柱状土壤分层装置、抽屉法土壤分层取样装置。鲜有将植物盆栽与根际土壤分层采集结合起来，即不考虑根际土与根际外土的区别，分层精度也不高。Most of the currently disclosed soil stratification sampling technologies and devices simply stratify the soil, such as the soil stratification device based on the ring cutter-shaped soil drill, the columnar soil stratification device, and the drawer method soil stratification sampling device. It is rare to combine plant potting with rhizosphere soil layered collection, that is, the difference between rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil is not considered, and the layering accuracy is not high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an experimental device for fine layered sampling of plant potted rhizosphere soil.
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置，包括土培装置及设于土培装置下方的分层取土装置，土培装置包括上部环及设于该上部环下方的下部环，在上部环与下部环的连接处设置有过滤网；在下部环内部下端设置有推土活塞，该推土活塞上设置有过滤纸；分层取土装置用于推动推土活塞向上运动指定的距离后，通过切割土柱进行分层取样。Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, an experimental device for fine layered sampling of potted rhizosphere soil according to the present invention includes a soil cultivation device and a layered soil sampling device arranged below the soil cultivation device, and the soil cultivation device It includes an upper ring and a lower ring located below the upper ring, and a filter screen is arranged at the connection between the upper ring and the lower ring; a bulldozer piston is arranged at the lower end of the lower ring, and filter paper is arranged on the bulldozer piston; The layer soil sampling device is used to push the bulldozing piston upward for a specified distance, and then perform layer sampling by cutting the soil column.
其中，分层取土装置包括取样支架，在取样支架上方设有开孔，下部环下方设置有连接座，连接座与取样支架上方连接，并使得下部环与开孔对准，在该开孔的下方设置有用于顶起推土活塞的顶起装置。Wherein, the layered soil sampling device includes a sampling bracket, an opening is arranged above the sampling bracket, and a connecting seat is arranged under the lower ring, and the connecting seat is connected to the upper side of the sampling bracket, and the lower ring is aligned with the opening, and the opening is connected to the lower ring. A jacking device for jacking up the bulldozing piston is provided below.
其中，顶起装置为深度螺旋测微仪。Wherein, the jacking device is a depth spiral micrometer.
其中，在推土活塞侧边对称开有一组孔，下部环侧面具有与推土活塞侧面的孔相匹配的孔，通过螺栓穿过下部环与推土活塞上的孔将二者固定连接。Wherein, a group of holes are symmetrically opened on the side of the bulldozing piston, and the side of the lower ring has holes matching the holes on the side of the bulldozing piston, and the bolts pass through the lower ring and the holes on the bulldozing piston to fix the two.
其中，过滤网为尼龙网，其规格为60-420目。Wherein, the filter net is a nylon net, and its specification is 60-420 mesh.
其中，上部环、下部环、推土活塞、取土支架为透明材料制成。Wherein, the upper ring, the lower ring, the bulldozing piston, and the earth-taking support are made of transparent materials.
其中，过滤纸为定量滤纸。定量滤纸是用于精密计算数值的过滤；考虑用定量滤纸是为了防止装置底部的矿质营养损失。Wherein, the filter paper is quantitative filter paper. Quantitative filter paper is used for the filtration of precise calculation values; the quantitative filter paper is considered to prevent the loss of mineral nutrients at the bottom of the device.
有益效果：本发明的一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置，具有以下有益效果：Beneficial effects: An experimental device for fine layered sampling of potted rhizosphere soil of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
首先在植物盆栽试验过程中，通过用透水透肥的尼龙网将上部环中根系与下部环中的土壤分开，实现对纯粹根际土壤的研究；Firstly, during the plant pot experiment, the root system in the upper ring was separated from the soil in the lower ring with a permeable nylon net to realize the research on pure rhizosphere soil;
其次是采用可拆卸式土培装置和基于深度螺旋测微仪的精密厚度控制，对根际土柱进行精细分层，并用简易的工具进行原状土壤取样，实现对根际土壤纵向物质迁移、分布及性质变异的研究。The second is to use a detachable soil cultivation device and precise thickness control based on a depth screw micrometer to finely stratify the rhizosphere soil column, and use simple tools to sample the undisturbed soil to realize the longitudinal material migration and distribution of the rhizosphere soil. and the study of property variation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明土培装置的分解结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the decomposition structure schematic diagram of soil culture device of the present invention;
图2为图1的组合状态示意图；Fig. 2 is the combined state schematic diagram of Fig. 1;
图3为本发明分层取土的原理示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the principle of layered soil extraction of the present invention;
图4为取土支架的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of earth-borrowing support;
图5为深度螺旋测微仪结构示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the depth spiral micrometer.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示的一种用于植物盆栽根际土壤精细分层取样的实验装置，包括土培装置及设置在土培装置下方的分层取土装置，土培装置包括上部环1及设于该上部环1下方的下部环2，在上部环1与下部环2的连接处设置有过滤网4；下部环2下方设置有连接座21，该连接座21用于连接分层取土装置，下部环2与连接座21为整体成型；在下部环2内部下端设置有推土活塞3，该推土活塞3上设置有过滤纸7；推动推土活塞3向上运动指定的距离后，通过切割土柱进行分层取样。分层取土装置包括取样支架12，在取样支架12上方设置有开孔15，连接座21与取样支架12上方连接，并使得下部环2与开孔15对准，在该开孔15的下方设置有用于顶起推土活塞3的顶起装置10。顶起装置为深度螺旋测微仪。在推土活塞3侧边对称开有一组孔，下部环2侧面具有与推土活塞3侧面的孔相匹配的孔，通过螺栓穿过下部环2与推土活塞3上的孔将二者固定连接。其中，过滤网4为尼龙网，尼龙网的规格为60-420目，优选为300目，选择尼龙网，是考虑到其透水透肥、但土壤颗粒不能穿过的特性，也可采用等效孔径的0.07-0.2mm土工布以及无纺布。上部环1、下部环2、推土活塞3、取土支架12为透明材料制成，优选为PE材料，除PE材料外，PVC材料也可以，选用透明材料是为了土培过程中便于观察和取土时方面操作。过滤纸7为定量滤纸。A kind of experimental device that is used for the fine layered sampling of potted plant rhizosphere soil as shown in Figure 1, comprises soil cultivation device and is arranged on the layered soil fetching device below the soil cultivation device, and soil cultivation device comprises upper ring 1 and equipment The lower ring 2 below the upper ring 1 is provided with a filter screen 4 at the connection between the upper ring 1 and the lower ring 2; a connection seat 21 is provided below the lower ring 2, and the connection seat 21 is used to connect the layered earth taking device , the lower ring 2 and the connecting seat 21 are integrally formed; a dozing piston 3 is arranged at the lower end of the lower ring 2, and a filter paper 7 is arranged on the dozing piston 3; after pushing the dozing piston 3 to move upward for a specified distance, pass The soil column was cut for stratified sampling. The layered soil sampling device includes a sampling support 12, an opening 15 is arranged above the sampling support 12, and a connecting seat 21 is connected with the top of the sampling support 12, and the lower ring 2 is aligned with the opening 15, and below the opening 15 A jacking device 10 for jacking up the dozing piston 3 is provided. The jacking device is a depth screw micrometer. A group of holes are symmetrically opened on the side of the bulldozer piston 3, and the side of the lower ring 2 has holes matching the holes on the side of the bulldozer piston 3, and the bolts pass through the holes on the lower ring 2 and the bulldozer piston 3 to fix the two connect. Wherein, filter screen 4 is a nylon net, and the specification of nylon net is 60-420 order, is preferably 300 orders, selects nylon net, is to consider its permeable and permeable characteristic, but soil particle can not pass through, also can adopt equivalent Geotextiles and non-woven fabrics with a pore size of 0.07-0.2mm. Upper ring 1, lower ring 2, bulldozer piston 3, earth-taking support 12 are made of transparent material, preferably PE material, except PE material, PVC material also can, and select transparent material is to facilitate observation and When fetching soil, it is operated. Filter paper 7 is quantitative filter paper.
具体地，在下部环2底座侧面对称钻取两个孔径略大于螺丝钉8直径的小孔13，在推土活塞3上与底座对应位置钻取两个小孔8，孔径与螺丝钉9直径相同。在下部环2底座边缘垂直对称钻取两个孔径略大于螺丝钉5直径的孔6。取样支架12最上层平板中间位置开一圆形开孔15，开孔15孔径略大于下部环2的内径，同时在与孔6对应位置钻取两个小孔14，孔径与螺丝钉5直径相同。取样支架12中间设置两层平板形成用以固定螺旋测微仪的卡槽。使用时，下部环2与推土活塞3用螺丝钉5固定联接，二者之间的缝隙用玻璃胶密封，并在推土活塞3上铺一层过滤纸7，防止试验过程中土壤颗粒漏出。下部环2装土后，其上用玻璃胶沿环边缘固定一层透水透肥的过滤网4，并用玻璃胶与上部环1联接。上部环1中装土后，即可根据试验方案实施盆栽土培试验。试验结束后，将下部环2连同内部土柱与上部环1及过滤网4分离，利用螺丝钉5与取样支架12固定，同时利用取样支架12的卡槽将螺旋测微仪10位置钎直固定，并与推土活塞3连接。通过转动深度螺旋测微仪10调节土层厚度，利用钢刀片11对下部环2中的土柱进行精细分层取样。钢刀片11的刃口厚度最好为0.01mm，是考虑到土壤精细分层目的的实现，也可采用其他能够实现本目的的工具。Specifically, on the side of the base of the lower ring 2, two small holes 13 with an aperture slightly larger than the diameter of the screw 8 are symmetrically drilled, and two small holes 8 are drilled on the bulldozing piston 3 corresponding to the position of the base, and the diameter of the hole is the same as that of the screw 9. Two holes 6 with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the screw 5 are drilled vertically and symmetrically on the edge of the base of the lower ring 2 . A circular opening 15 is opened in the middle of the uppermost plate of the sampling support 12. The diameter of the opening 15 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the lower ring 2. At the same time, two small holes 14 are drilled at the positions corresponding to the holes 6. The diameter of the hole is the same as that of the screw 5. Two layers of flat plates are arranged in the middle of the sampling bracket 12 to form a slot for fixing the spiral micrometer. During use, the lower ring 2 and the bulldozing piston 3 are fixedly connected with screws 5, and the gap between the two is sealed with glass glue, and a layer of filter paper 7 is laid on the bulldozing piston 3 to prevent soil particles from leaking out during the test. After the lower ring 2 is filled with soil, use glass glue to fix a layer of water-permeable and fertilizer-permeable filter screen 4 along the ring edge, and connect with the upper ring 1 with glass glue. After filling the upper ring 1 with soil, the potted soil culture test can be implemented according to the test plan. After the test is over, separate the lower ring 2 together with the inner soil column from the upper ring 1 and the filter screen 4, fix it with the sampling bracket 12 with the screw 5, and at the same time use the slot of the sampling bracket 12 to fix the position of the screw micrometer 10 straight. And be connected with bulldozing piston 3. The thickness of the soil layer is adjusted by rotating the depth spiral micrometer 10, and the soil column in the lower ring 2 is finely layered and sampled by using the steel blade 11. The cutting edge thickness of the steel blade 11 is preferably 0.01 mm, considering the realization of the purpose of soil fine stratification, and other tools that can achieve this purpose can also be used.
如图5所示，深度螺旋测微仪可采用现有装置，主要包括底板101、测微螺杆102、微分筒103、测力装置104和锁紧装置105，上述各装置与现有装置的功能一致，底板101用于连接取样支架12的中间设置的两层平板，微分筒103可以旋转并使得测微螺杆102上下运动，锁紧装置105用于锁定微螺杆102。As shown in Figure 5, the depth screw micrometer can adopt existing devices, mainly including base plate 101, micrometer screw 102, micrometer cylinder 103, force measuring device 104 and locking device 105, the functions of each of the above-mentioned devices and existing devices Consistently, the bottom plate 101 is used to connect the two layers of flat plates arranged in the middle of the sampling bracket 12 , the micrometer cylinder 103 can rotate and make the micrometer screw 102 move up and down, and the locking device 105 is used to lock the microscrew 102 .
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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