CN104302936A - 轴向-径向滚动轴承及制造用于其的滚动轴承保持架的方法 - Google Patents
轴向-径向滚动轴承及制造用于其的滚动轴承保持架的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制造用于滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架(4)的方法,该滚动轴承包括至少一排滚动体(3)。在该方法中,由金属固体材料形成的环或环段被设置并且通过变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序形成滚动轴承保持架(4)的环形或分段主体(6)。主体(6)具有用于接收滚动体(3)的开口(9),主体(6)被加热至高于最低涂覆温度的温度,以用热塑性粉末进行热涂覆,主体(6)随后被浸入含有热塑性粉末的流化床中,其中在主体处于流化床期间,热塑性粉末附着到主体(6)上,熔化并形成连续涂层(7),在涂覆后主体(6)从流化床移除。本发明还涉及具有上述滚动轴承保持架(4)的轴向-径向滚动轴承。
Description
本发明涉及制造用于滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架的方法,所述滚动轴承具有至少一排滚动体。本发明的主题还包含安装有至少一个这种滚动轴承保持架的滚动轴承,其中滚动轴承具有内圈、外圈以及位于其间的至少一排滚动体。
滚动轴承保持架被设置用于以彼此均匀间隔的方式保持辊子形式的滚动体,特别地如锥形辊子或圆筒辊子。根据现有技术,相应的保持架可以是开口的或闭合的环的形式或者是由多个段形成。
从实践中已知在小型滚动轴承的情况中有较小的保持架力,其中通过使用塑料保持架基本无磨损。在大型滚动轴承的情形中,首先,使用注塑成型的塑料保持架因相应注塑磨具的高成本而是无优势的,特别是因为大型滚动轴承通常仅制造相对较少的数量。此外,在许多情形中,用于大型滚动轴承的塑料保持架未表现出适合的强度。此外,必须考虑到,特别是对于锥形辊子轴承的情形,保持架也必须具有锥形壳的形状,因此其至少不能由平面材料方便地制备。
在本发明的上下文中,滚动轴承保持架意在特别适用于大型滚动轴承,从而保持架的直径至少为一米。特别地对于此尺寸,尽管保持架可以由简单的塑料带便宜地制成,但是他们在圆周方向上仅呈现出非常低的强度,因此不适用于许多应用。这里,还必须考虑到,特别是对于大型滚动轴承的情形,轴承的往复替换至少部分地涉及非常高的成本和开支。由钢制成的保持架可以承受高保持架力,其中钢易被磨损,特别是在润滑不良的情况下。诸如渗氮或氮碳共渗的附加措施是昂贵的,同样使用具有低磨损特性的高等级金属(如铜)也是很昂贵的。
DE3041355A1公开了一种用于常规滚珠轴承的保持架,所述滚珠轴承具有内圈、外圈和布置于其间的多个滚珠,其中保持架由每个具有塑料材料涂层的两个钣金部件形成。由两个成形且涂覆的钣金条形成的该类型保持架的制造工艺复杂,不适合大型滚动轴承。由于涂层最初是在静电方法或流化床方法中被施加到冲压件上的,在冲压件已被连接之后仍存在可能导致损坏风险增加的转变。热塑性塑料特别是聚酰胺可以用作涂层,以便减小保持架和滚珠之间的接触面并保护内圈和外圈免受磨损,以及减少摩擦系数。
DE19751003A1公开了一种用粉状、颗粒状、液体或糊状涂覆介质来涂覆工件的方法和装置,其中涂覆介质在流化床中被施加。在最终熔化和附着到工件上之前,多余的涂覆介质被去除。因此,需要复杂的方法流程。所描述的方法和装置特别适用于无休止的工件,所述工件随后会被加工成其最终形状。
WO2011/003391A1公开了一种用于滚动轴承的保持架,其中保持架可以由一块固体金属制成。保持架具有变形区域,以便滚动体最初可以被放入保持架,并且随后在变形区域变形之后被固定。保持架的涂层未被描述,并且也是不可行的,因为作为变形区域变形的结果,涂层将被损坏。由于随后可移动地布置在保持架内的滚动体,反向涂覆也是不可行的。
DE19731892A1一般性地描述了利用流化床涂覆导电工件的做法。
本发明的目的之一是设计一种用于制造滚动轴承保持架的方法,通过该方法可以简单的方式提供一种充分强壮但又更加耐磨的滚动轴承保持架,特别是用于大型滚动轴承。本发明进一步想设计一种滚动轴承,其所用的滚动轴承保持架制造价格低廉并且还稳定和耐用。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明,提供了一种制造用于滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架的方法,如权利要求1所述的那样。滚动轴承具有至少一排滚动体。在该方法的上下文中,提供有由金属固体材料(特别地例如钢或铝)制成的环或环段。从环或环段,通过变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序,滚动轴承保持架的环形或分段主体被形成,其具有用于分别接收每个滚动体的开口。
变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序不仅用于形成开口,还用于限定主体的进一步形式。相应地,例如可以形成适于与内圈或外圈相接触的倾斜的接触表面。此外,在主体的变形期间,还可以在滚动轴承保持架上形成诸如润滑脂凹槽的集成室,在该室中,润滑剂可以被容纳在接触表面的区域内。还可以设有其它设施,例如用于在随后的涂覆工序期间保持主体的钻孔。
随着切割、材料去除工序的进行,特别地还可以使用铣削,车削和钻孔工序,这些工序还可以组合使用。通过热切割工序例如借助激光还可以切割形成结构。
之后,为了用热塑性粉末进行热涂覆,主体被加热至高于最低涂覆温度的温度,其中主体随后被浸入含有热塑性粉末的流化床中。在主体处于流化床中的时候,塑料粉末附着到主体上并且熔化,从而形成连续的涂层。最后,主体在涂覆工序之后被从流化床移除。
根据本发明,主体最初是以其最终形状进行制造的,之后再进行涂覆。在从流化床移除主体之后,不需要进一步的加热、变形等操作,从而在整个环上形成高度均匀的涂层,其在所有位置处呈现出良好的附着性。
由于形成主体的环或形成主体的环段是由固体材料成形的,因此还可以实现能够满足大型滚动轴承即使在重负载下的需求的非常稳定的实施方式。
在本发明的上下文中,因为用于形成滚动轴承保持架的主体具有均匀涂层,主体中用于接收辊子的开口必须具有超尺寸,该超尺寸的尺度使得即使考虑到涂层,滚动体也可以最少冗余的方式被容纳,并且不被阻塞。
滚动轴承优选地是具有至少两排滚动体的轴向-径向滚动轴承的形式,从而内圈和外圈在径向彼此相对并且在轴向彼此相对地支撑,而不用管轴向推力的方向。这意味着所有轴向力可以被传递而不管它们的方向(平行或逆平行)。
轴向-径向滚动轴承特别地可以是两排锥形辊子轴承,其具有相对倾斜的两排锥形辊子,或者可以是三排辊子型回转接头。在该类型的辊子型回转接头的情形中,设有三排圆筒辊子作为滚动体,其中第一和第三排提供轴向支撑,第二排提供径向支撑。第二排通常被布置在第一排和第三排之间。
取决于轴向-径向滚动轴承被配置为三排辊子型回转接头还是两排锥形辊子轴承,使用圆筒辊子或锥形辊子。类似于窗口的开口相应地具有矩形或梯形轮廓以用于接收辊子。即使在流化床中施加的涂层在主体的平面部分是高度均匀的,在角落中特别是矩形或梯形轮廓的开口的转角中还是会形成材料积聚,材料积聚会导致阻塞辊子,或者在该转角外导致过大冗余。因此,在根据本发明的方法的优选实施例中,在主体具有类似于窗口的开口的情形中,规定从矩形或梯形轮廓出发,在开口的转角处产生延伸超过相应轮廓的切口。在例如形成有额外切口或钻孔的转角处(其中如果产生有钻孔的话),形成了圆弧段形状。
由环或环段形成的主体优选地在烘箱中加热。这里,必须考虑到的是,由于固体材料的存在,需要集中提供相对大量的热量。
取决于主体被配置为环还是环段,还可以设想通过感应线圈的交变电磁场来实现感应加热。在连续环的情形中,即使是此类型的大型连贯结构也可以被加热,这是有利的。在主体为环形的情形中,感应线圈优选也是环形的,并且与上述环同心排列。感应线圈在上述环内或环外的同心排列产生均匀的间隙,进而产生均匀的加热。
尽管出于能源效率的原因,在加热期间或之后应保持温度损失尽可能低,但是在本发明的上下文中,在加热环和浸入流化床之间提供一个时间间歇会是有利的,该时间间歇用来使温度均匀。
温度的选择在本发明的上下文中特别重要,因为在过低温度下,在流化床中附着到环上的粉末仅仅以不足的程度熔化。与此相反,在过高的温度下,存在塑料变得太松软的风险,从而因重力的原因导致涂层的不均匀分布。最后,温度必须基于用作涂层的热塑性塑料而进行选择,其中还必须考虑在流化床内的涂覆工序期间一定程度的冷却。
在本发明的上下文中,主体是通过变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序形成的。这里必须考虑到,这类加工过程会导致灰尘遗留在主体之上。此外,可能存在与加工过程有关的具有通道、凹槽和不均匀性的表面结构,这在某些情况下损害后续利用塑料的涂覆。鉴于此,在变形或加工工序之后,规定执行清洗或某些其它表面处理的进一步方法步骤。特别有利的是利用粒子射流来改善表面,例如通过喷砂或金刚砂喷砂进行处理。在该处理步骤中,可以去除表面材料缺陷和灰尘。此外,在表面上产生有微结构,这特别适于接收涂层。最后,通过喷砂表面,还可以进一步改进强度和耐受性。
为了改进主体上涂层的附着性,主体可以设有附着促进层作为涂覆工序之前的底漆。特别地,基于有机溶剂和合成聚合物的附着促进剂是适合的,其优选在加热工序之前已经施加。
本发明还涉及如权利要求11-15所述的轴向-径向滚动轴承。
本发明通过附图进行了说明,其中附图仅仅示出了示例性实施例。附图中:
图1示出了具有两排锥形辊子的轴向-径向滚动轴承的截面图,
图2示出了如图1所示的滚动轴承保持架的透视图,
图3示出了图2所示的滚动轴承保持架的放大截面图。
图1示出了轴向-径向大型滚动轴承一侧的截面图,其中轴向-径向大型滚动轴承具有内圈1、外圈2和布置于其间的两排滚动体3。两排滚动体3在轴向方向上彼此相对布置,从而内圈1相对于外圈2在径向和轴向两个方向上被支撑,而不用管轴向推力的方向。
从图1的截面图可以看出,两排中锥形辊子形式的滚动体3通过滚动轴承保持架4被彼此分隔地保持。此外,滚动轴承保持架4还具有接触表面5,在每个接触表面5处滚动轴承保持架4分别抵靠内圈1而被支撑。
在图2和图3中,图示出两个滚动轴承保持架4每个都具有稳定的主体6和由热塑性塑料构成的外涂层7。为了改进涂层7在主体6上的附着性,一个薄的附着促进层8进一步被提供用作中间层。
稳定的主体6是通过切割、材料去除工序由金属固体材料形成的,并且可由固体环铣削而成。这获得了下述优点,即主体6呈现出即使对于大型滚动轴承也适用的稳定性。此外,在利用固体金属进行制造期间,还可以按需形成其它的外形轮廓。相应地,如可从图2中所见的那样,用于接收作为滚动体3的锥形辊子的开口9具有基本梯形的轮廓。此外,在开口9的转角处,提供有延伸超过其轮廓的切口10。在示例性实施例中,在开口9的转角处形成有额外的钻孔,从而所述切口10具有圆弧段的形状。
切口10用于防止涂层7在转角处的积聚。
涂层7优选地在流化床中被施加,其中形成高度均匀的涂层。然而,仅因为几何形状就可在开口9的转角处形成材料积聚,其中由于额外的切口10,所述材料积聚不会导致对滚动体3的阻塞。
主体6赋予了滚动轴承保持架4高稳定度,同时涂层7减小了摩擦并且提供了对磨损的有效防护。特别地,具有0.4mm至1.3mm层厚度的聚酰胺(PA)和聚醚酮(优选为聚醚醚酮(PEEK))适合作为涂层7。
主体6的涂层优选是在流化床中进行的,其中主体6首先被加热到适于涂层7的温度,在该温度下,随后在流化床中塑料粉末的颗粒附着、熔化并形成连续的涂层7。
Claims (15)
1.一种制造用于滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架(4)的方法,所述滚动轴承具有至少一排滚动体(3),
其中由金属固体材料制成的环或环段被设置,
其中,通过变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序,形成所述滚动轴承保持架(4)的环形或分段主体(6),所述主体(6)具有用于分别接收每个滚动体(3)的开口(9),
其中,所述主体(6)被加热至高于最低涂覆温度的温度,以便用热塑性粉末进行热涂覆,
其中所述主体(6)随后被浸入到含有所述热塑性粉末的流化床中,
其中,在所述主体(6)处于所述流化床中期间,塑料粉末附着到所述主体(6)上,熔化并形成连续的涂层(7),以及
在涂覆工序之后,所述主体(6)被从所述流化床移除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,出于接收作为滚动体(3)的辊子的目的,形成有具有矩形或梯形轮廓的类似于窗口的开口(9),并且其中在所述开口(9)的转角处产生延伸超过相应轮廓的切口(10)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述切口(10)具有圆弧段形状。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述主体是在烘箱中加热的。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在加热所述主体(6)和浸入流化床之间设有时间间歇,以便使得所述主体(6)的温度均匀,并且其中即使在所述时间间歇的末端所述主体(6)仍处于高于所述最低涂覆温度的温度。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述加热和/或涂覆工序期间,所述主体(6)被移动,特别是被枢转和/或旋转。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,由聚酰胺或聚醚酮制成的热塑性粉末被使用。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述涂层(7)被形成为具有0.4mm至1.3mm之间的厚度。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述主体(6)在所述涂覆工序之前使用粒子射流来进行处理。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述主体(6)设有附着促进层(8),作为所述涂覆工序之前的底漆。
11.一种滚动轴承,具有内圈(1)、外圈(2)以及至少一排辊子形式的滚动体(3),其中,对于各排辊子形式的滚动体(3),其中,对于每排来说,设有以彼此预定间隔的方式保持相关辊子的滚动轴承保持架(4),其中所述滚动轴承保持架(4)具有环形或分段的主体(6),所述主体(6)是通过变形工序和/或切割、材料去除工序形成的,并且其中所述主体(6)涂覆有塑料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述滚动轴承是具有至少两排滚动体的轴向-径向滚动轴承的形式,从而所述内圈(1)和所述外圈(2)在径向彼此相对并且在轴向彼此相对地支撑,而不用管轴向推力的方向。
13.根据权利要求12所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,两排锥形辊子被用作滚动体(3)。
14.根据权利要求12所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,三排圆筒辊子被用做滚动体(3),其中第一排和第三排提供轴向支撑,并且第二排提供径向支撑。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一权利要求所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,每个所述滚动轴承保持架(4)具有至少一米的直径。
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2013
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CN107322855A (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-11-07 | 山东金帝精密机械科技股份有限公司 | 轴承保持器热浸塑加工工艺及设备 |
WO2018214876A1 (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-11-29 | 山东金帝精密机械科技股份有限公司 | 轴承保持器喷塑工艺及设备 |
CN109550673A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-02 | 瓦房店轴承集团国家轴承工程技术研究中心有限公司 | 轴承冲压保持架表面的处理方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2820317A1 (de) | 2015-01-07 |
CN110397675B (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
ES2732241T3 (es) | 2019-11-21 |
DE102012101651A1 (de) | 2013-08-29 |
JP2015510993A (ja) | 2015-04-13 |
CN110397675A (zh) | 2019-11-01 |
US20160333935A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
US10465749B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
US20150016762A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
DK2820317T3 (da) | 2019-07-15 |
US9541131B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
EP2820317B1 (de) | 2019-04-03 |
WO2013127865A8 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
WO2013127865A1 (de) | 2013-09-06 |
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