CN104302032B - 有机el 面板以及车辆用灯具 - Google Patents
有机el 面板以及车辆用灯具 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 78
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
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- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S43/145—Surface emitters, e.g. organic light emitting diodes [OLED]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
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Abstract
本发明提供一种有机EL面板,其可以在具有细小宽度的发光部的同时,实现比现有技术更高的亮度。在有机EL面板(10)中,在玻璃基板(12)的周缘设置有发光部(11)。发光部(11)具有:阴极层(20);透明导电膜(14),其具有向玻璃基板的外周延伸的延伸部;有机发光层(18),其夹在阴极层(20)和透明导电膜(14)之间;以及金属电极(24),其与透明导电膜(14)的延伸部接触。金属电极(24)设置在玻璃基板(12)的整个圆周上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机EL(Electro Luminescence)面板以及使用该有机EL面板的车辆用灯具。
背景技术
已知将有机EL作为光源使用的车辆用灯具。例如,在专利文献1中公开了一种车辆用灯具,其在壳体和透光罩之间的灯室内具有主光源和辅助光源,在该车辆用灯具中,辅助光源包含由有机EL构成的面状发光体,面状发光体形成为包围主光源。
专利文献1:日本特开2011-150888号公报
在将使用了有机EL面板的车辆用灯具作为尾灯使用的情况下,其光度最低需要4坎德拉(candela)。另外,在尾灯中,根据设计上的要求,大多要求细小宽度的发光部。但是,由于现有的有机EL面板的亮度低,所以在将有机EL面板的发光部形成为细小宽度的情况下,难以满足4坎德拉的最低光度。
发明内容
本发明就是鉴于上述情况而提出的,其目的在于提供一种有机EL面板,该有机EL面板能够在具有细小宽度的发光部的同时,实现比现有技术更高的光度。
本发明的一个方式是在玻璃基板的周缘上设置有发光部的有机EL面板。发光部具有:阴极层;透明导电膜,其具有向玻璃基板的外周延伸的延伸部;有机发光层,其夹在阴极层和透明导电膜之间;以及金属电极,其与透明导电膜的延伸部接触,金属电极设置在玻璃基板的整个圆周上。
根据该方式,通过在最接近作为有机EL的阳极的金属电极的位置处设置有机发光层,从而最小限度地抑制因透明导电膜的电压降导致的亮度降低,可以使发光部成为高亮度。另外,由于金属电极仅设置在玻璃基板的外周部上,所以可以将发光部配置在玻璃基板的周缘上,使发光部的内侧成为透明,在熄灯时发光部也可以成为透明。
也可以在透明导电膜和有机发光层之间配置微反射金属层。这样,可以利用微反射金属层的微腔效果,使发光部成为更高的亮度。
也可以与发光部相比在外周配置干燥剂以及密封剂。由此,可以使发光部的内侧整体成为透明区域。
在将2片有机EL面板沿前后方向隔着间隔而配置的车辆用灯具中,也可以使得位于后侧的第1有机EL面板的发光部,与位于前侧的第2有机EL面板的发光部相比设置在内周,在第1有机EL面板的玻璃基板中,至少在发光部的内侧形成镜面。这样,除了从第1及第2有机EL面板的发光部直接发出的光之外,从第2有机EL面板的发光部的背面发出的光也被第1有机EL面板的镜面反射,因此,无论是否是薄型,均可以实现有纵深感的车辆用灯具。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供一种有机EL面板,其能够在具有细小宽度的发光部的同时,实现比现有技术更高的光度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的有机EL面板的概略俯视图。
图2是沿图1的有机EL面板的A-A线的剖面图。
图3是对使用图1所示的有机EL面板的车辆用灯具进行说明的图。
图4是对使用图1所示的有机EL面板的车辆用灯具进行说明的图。
图5是有机EL面板的其它实施例的概略俯视图。
图6是有机EL面板的其它实施例的概略俯视图。
图7是将图6所示的有机EL面板和灯具单元进行组合后的灯具的概略剖面图。
标号的说明
10有机EL面板,11发光部,12玻璃基板,13透明区域,14透明导电膜,16微反射金属层,18有机发光层,20阴极层,24金属电极,26密封剂,28干燥剂,30第1有机EL面板,31发光部,32、33镜面区域,40第2有机EL面板,41发光部,42透明区域。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的有机EL面板10的概略俯视图。有机EL面板10具有利用2片大致矩形的玻璃基板夹持发光部11的构造。在俯视图中,发光部11位于玻璃基板的周缘,成为环状。发光部11的内侧是透明区域13,使光透过。
图2是沿图1的有机EL面板10的A-A线的剖面图。有机EL面板10具有下述构造,即,在玻璃基板12的背面侧,例如层叠作为ITO的透明导电膜14、微反射金属层16、有机发光层18以及作为背面侧的透明导电膜的阴极层20,并且利用其它玻璃基板22将背面侧闭塞。透明导电膜14具有向玻璃基板12的外周延伸的延伸部14a,以与该延伸部14a接触的方式,在玻璃基板12的外周部设置作为阳极的金属电极24。通常,有机发光层和金属电极之间的距离越远,由于金属电极的电压效果而使发光部的亮度越降低。在本实施方式中,通过将金属电极24设置在玻璃基板的外周部的整个圆周上,将有机发光层18配置在最接近金属电极24的位置,从而最小限度地抑制因金属电极的电压降导致的亮度降低,使发光部11成为高亮度。
通过在透明导电膜14和有机发光层18之间配置微反射金属层16,从而形成微腔(microcavity)构造。此外,微反射金属层16和阴极层20之间的距离,是与从有机发光层18发出的光的波长相对应而选择的。利用该微腔构造,使从有机发光层18发出的光在微反射金属层16和阴极层20之间反复反射,仅将共振的特定波长放大。由此,可以提高发光部11的亮度。
由于金属电极24仅设置在玻璃基板12的外周部,所以可以将发光部11配置在玻璃基板12的周缘上,使发光部11的内侧成为透明。发光部11的外侧由于金属电极24而不透明。也可以在该部分处配置用于将由玻璃基板12、22夹持而形成的空间密封的密封剂(例如粘接剂)26、以及用于对该空间进行除湿的干燥剂28。通过与发光部11相比在外侧配置金属电极、密封剂、干燥剂,从而可以使发光部11的内侧整体成为透明区域。并且,在熄灯时,发光部11也可以成为透明。
发光部11不需要一定构成为环状,通过沿金属电极24仅在期望的部位处形成透明导电膜14、微反射金属层16、有机发光层18以及阴极层20的层叠构造,可以形成期望的形状。发光部11也可以不连续。由于金属电极24在玻璃基板的外周部的整个圆周上延伸,所以在此情况下仅利用一个部位进行电力供给即可。
有机EL面板10例如可以作为示廓灯、日行灯、转向灯、尾灯、停车灯等车辆用识别灯使用。对有机发光层18选择适当的材料,以发出与识别灯的功能相对应的颜色的光。例如,如果是示廓灯,则发出白色光,如果是停车灯,则发出红色光,如果转弯信号灯,则发出橙色光。
图3及图4是对使用图1及图2所示的有机EL面板的车辆用灯具的一个例子进行说明的图。
首先,如图3所示,准备2片有机EL面板30、40。在第1有机EL面板30、第2有机EL面板40上,在玻璃基板的周缘分别设置有环状的发光部31、41。第1有机EL面板30的发光部31构成为,与第2有机EL面板的发光部41相比位于内周侧。另外,第2有机EL面板40的发光部41的内侧,与图1相同地成为透明区域42,与此相对,在第1有机EL面板30中,环状的发光部31的内侧、外侧均成为通过例如金属蒸镀等使玻璃基板的表面形成镜面而得到的镜面区域32、33。
如图4所示,在由壳体和透光罩划分成的灯室(未图示)内,从车辆前方观察,第1有机EL面板30配置在后侧,从车辆前方观察,第2有机EL面板40配置在前侧,它们沿前后方向隔着间隔(例如,2~5cm)。
利用该结构,在使第1及第2有机EL面板点灯的情况下,将从第2有机EL面板40的发光部41发出的光直接向车辆前方照射(图4中的L1)。从第1有机EL面板30的发光部31发出的光,通过第2有机EL面板40的透明区域42向车辆前方照射(图4中的L2)。从第2有机EL面板40的发光部41向背面侧发出的光,由第1有机EL面板30的镜面区域32、33反射,通过第2有机EL面板40的透明区域42向车辆前方照射(图4中的L3)。如上述所示,光通过各个路径向前方照射,因此,无论面板之间的间隔是否较窄,均能够实现在从车辆前方观察时与实际相比更感受到纵深感的车辆用灯具。另外,由于从第2有机EL面板40向背面侧发出的光由第1有机EL面板30的镜面反射而被有效使用,所以可以提高车辆用灯具整体的照射效率,节省能量。
此外,可以构成为,使第1及第2有机EL面板一起作为一个灯具而同时点灯,也可以构成为,将第1有机EL面板例如作为停车灯,将第2有机EL灯例如作为尾灯,分别独立地进行点灯控制。通过灵活使用第2有机EL面板中央的透明区域,从背面侧使其它灯点灯,从而可以实现现有技术中没有的灯具设计。
在上述的实施方式中,记述了在有机EL面板的玻璃基板的周缘设置环状的发光部。但是,发光部也可以是其他形状。
图5示出在矩形的玻璃基板的周缘中的仅3个边上(反向的コ字形上)配置有发光部51的有机EL面板50。图6示出在矩形的玻璃基板的周缘中的仅上下2个边上(ニ字形上)配置有发光部61的有机EL面板60。
也可以在有机EL面板50、60的中央的透明区域的背后,配置将发光二极管等作为光源的灯具单元。例如,如图5所示,也可以在反向的コ字形的发光部51的内侧的透明区域的背后,使灯具单元52发光。另外,如图6所示,也可以在ニ字形的发光部61的内侧的透明区域的背后,使灯具单元64发光。在上述情况下,例如也可以将有机EL面板的发光部51、61作为尾灯使用,将灯具单元52、64作为停车灯使用。也可以取代该组合而将有机EL面板的发光部作为位置灯使用,也可以将后方的灯具单元作为近光灯、雾灯、日间行车灯或者前转向灯使用。
图7是将图6所示的有机EL面板60和灯具单元64组合后得到的灯具的概略剖面图。有机EL面板60固定在外壳70的开口部上。在由外壳70和有机EL面板60划分成的灯室内,配置灯具单元64。灯具单元64是具有作为光源的发光二极管66和反射镜68的抛物线型灯具单元。灯具单元64配置为,在从前方观察时,来到有机EL面板的发光部61内侧的透明区域的背后。有机EL面板60的构造与图2中说明的内容相同,对于对应部件,标注相同的标号。
此外,如图7所示,在将有机EL面板和灯具单元组合使用的情况下,也可以利用透明树脂填充有机EL面板的玻璃基板12和22之间的空间63。通常,相比于空气和玻璃的折射率差,透明树脂和玻璃的折射率差较小。因此,如果利用透明树脂填充空间63,则玻璃基板和透明树脂之间的界面处的折射角变小,因此,可以提高在有机EL面板60的后方配置的灯具单元64的配光精度,并且提高光的利用效率。
如以上说明所示,根据本实施方式,通过在最接近作为有机EL面板的阳极的金属电极的位置处设置有机发光层,并且在有机发光层和玻璃基板之间设置微反射金属层,从而可以在具有细小宽度的发光部的同时,实现与现有技术相比亮度更高的有机EL面板。因此,可以作为车辆用的细小宽度尾灯使用。另外,通过将金属电极、密封剂、干燥剂与发光部相比配置在外侧,从而可以实现发光部的内侧整体为透明区域的有机EL面板,可以实现穿过该透明区域从有机EL面板的背面侧使其它灯发光等的设计。
在实施方式中,对整体为平坦的有机EL面板进行了说明,但也可以通过取代玻璃基板而使用对应曲面的极薄玻璃及透明树脂,从而使有机EL面板弯曲或者曲折。
Claims (6)
1.一种有机EL面板,其具有:
玻璃或透明树脂的基板;
发光部,其沿所述基板的周缘设置;以及
金属电极,
该有机EL面板的特征在于,
所述发光部具有:阴极层;透明导电膜,其具有向所述基板的外周部延伸并与所述金属电极接触的延伸部;以及有机发光层,其夹在所述阴极层和所述透明导电膜之间,
所述金属电极作为阳极而设置在基板的所述外周部上,
所述透明导电膜的所述延伸部与所述阴极层的外侧端相比进一步向外侧延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机EL面板,其特征在于,
在所述透明导电膜和所述有机发光层之间配置微反射金属层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机EL面板,其特征在于,
与所述发光部相比在外周配置干燥剂以及密封剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机EL面板,其特征在于,
所述金属电极设置在基板的整个圆周上。
5.一种车辆用灯具,其将2片权利要求1至4中任一项所述的有机EL面板,沿前后方向隔着间隔而配置,
其特征在于,
位于后侧的第1有机EL面板的发光部,与位于前侧的第2有机EL面板的发光部相比设置在内周,
在所述第1有机EL面板的基板中,至少在发光部的内侧形成镜面。
6.一种车辆用灯具,其特征在于,具有:
权利要求1至4中任一项所述的有机EL面板;以及
灯具单元,其配置在所述有机EL面板的基板的中央部的背后。
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JP6431319B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2018-11-28 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車両用灯具 |
JP6546024B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 | 2019-07-17 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車両用灯具 |
CZ2015588A3 (cs) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | Varroc Lighting Systems S.R.O. | Světelné zařízení, zejména signální svítilna pro motorová vozidla |
CZ2015589A3 (cs) | 2015-08-31 | 2016-10-26 | Varroc Lighting Systems, s.r.o. | Svítilna motorového vozidla |
JP6728603B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-08 | 2020-07-22 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び車両用灯具 |
US10030837B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2018-07-24 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Lighting system |
JP7018707B2 (ja) | 2016-04-07 | 2022-02-14 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車両用灯具の光源装置および車両用灯具 |
JP7074424B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2022-05-24 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
CN108428804A (zh) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-21 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Oled显示面板及其封装方法 |
US11320110B2 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2022-05-03 | Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Vehicle lamp |
JP7174902B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-10 | 2022-11-18 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車輌用灯具 |
JP7355474B2 (ja) | 2018-08-24 | 2023-10-03 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 車両用灯具 |
JP7103897B2 (ja) | 2018-09-06 | 2022-07-20 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 車両用灯具 |
JP2020077564A (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-21 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車輌用灯具 |
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