CN104248792A - 喉罩导气管装置 - Google Patents

喉罩导气管装置 Download PDF

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CN104248792A
CN104248792A CN201410515106.5A CN201410515106A CN104248792A CN 104248792 A CN104248792 A CN 104248792A CN 201410515106 A CN201410515106 A CN 201410515106A CN 104248792 A CN104248792 A CN 104248792A
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airway
cover
patient
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passage
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CN104248792B (zh
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阿奇博尔德·伊恩·杰里米·布雷恩
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    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
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    • A61M16/045Cuffs with cuffs partially or completely inflated by the respiratory gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0402Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
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    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0402Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
    • A61M16/0415Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with access means to the stomach
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0434Cuffs
    • A61M16/0443Special cuff-wall materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
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    • A61M16/0447Bell, canopy or umbrella shaped
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    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
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    • A61M16/08Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0875Connecting tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0488Mouthpieces; Means for guiding, securing or introducing the tubes
    • A61M16/049Mouthpieces
    • A61M16/0493Mouthpieces with means for protecting the tube from damage caused by the patient's teeth, e.g. bite block

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种喉罩导气管装置(1),用于插进病人体内以为病人的声门开口提供通气通道,该装置(1)包括导气管(2),连接到导气管(2)的罩(3),该罩(3)包括具有远端(5)和近端(6)的主体(4),外围可膨胀的套囊(7),并且限定了气体出口(8),所述罩(3)连接到导气管(2),用于在所述导气管(2)和出口(8)之间气体连通,该装置(1)进一步包括食管排泄管(10),当装置(1)处于工作位置时,该排泄管(10)包括从处于远端(5)的入口(12)延伸到设置在病人的外侧的出口(13)的通道,该通道包括罩部分(11)和导气管部分(41),其中通道的罩部分(11)一体形成在主体(4)的材料内。

Description

喉罩导气管装置
本发明为申请号为200680018355.7、申请日为2006年5月24日且发明名称为喉罩导气管装置的专利申请的分案申请
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喉罩导气管装置(laryngeal mask airway device)。
背景技术
喉罩导气管装置是用于在失去知觉的病人体内建立导气管的已知的装置。美国专利No.4,509,514是说明喉罩导气管装置的多个公布中的一个。这样的装置已使用多年并替代先前的、曾为人熟知的气管内导管(endotracheal tube)。至少近70年来,包括细长管且在管远端设置有可膨胀气球的气管内导管已经被用于在失去知觉的病人体内建立导气管。在操作中,气管内导管的远端通过病人的口插入,经过病人的气管。一旦这样定位后,使气球膨胀,从而与气管的内部衬套形成密封。在密封建立之后,可将正压施加到导管的近端,从而为病人的肺通气。另外,在气球和气管的内衬之间的密封防止了肺吸气(例如,密封防止了由胃部吐出的东西吸入到病人的肺内)。
尽管这已经非常成功,但是气管内导管具有很多大的缺点。气管内导管主要的缺点在于正确插入导管的难度度。将气管内导管插进病人是需要高度技巧的程序。另外,即使对于熟练的操作者,气管内导管的插入有时候很困难或者是不可能的。在很多情况下,由于不能足够迅速地在病人体内部建立导气管,因此插入气管内导管的难度会灾难性地导致病人的死亡。另外,气管内导管的插入正常需要操控病人的头部和脖子,并还需要病人的颌被迫张开得很大。所需的这些操控使得将气管内导管插入到病人体内变得很困难或者很不方便,而且有可能伤害病人的脖子。
与气管内导管相比而言,将喉罩导气管装置插进病人并且由此建立导气管则相对简单。另外,即使没有正确地插入,喉罩导气管装置也是“可补救”的装置,仍能容易地建立导气管。因此,喉罩导气管装置常常被认为是“救命”装置。另外,喉罩导气管仅需要相对较少的对病人的头部、脖子和颌的操控,就可以插入。进一步,喉罩导气管装置不需要与气管的敏感的内衬接触就能够为病人的肺提供通气,并且建立的导气管的大小通常比气管内导管建立的导气管的大小要大。另外,喉罩导气管不会影响与气管内导管一样程度的咳嗽。主要由于这些优点,喉罩导气管装置近年来越来越普及。
美国专利No.5,303,697和6,079,409公开了现有技术中被称作“喉罩导气管插管装置”的现有技术的示例。插管装置在有助于辅助气管内导管的插入方面更有优势。在喉罩导气管插管装置插进病人体内之后,该装置可以为随后插入的喉罩导气管起到导向的作用。以这种方式使用的喉罩导气管装置对于通常被称为气管内导管的“盲插”有帮助。只需要稍微移动病人头部、脖子和颌就可以插入喉罩导气管插管装置,并且一旦该装置插入病人之后,实际上不需要对病人进行额外的移动,气管内导管就可以被插入。这与在插入气管内导管时没有借助于喉罩导气管插管装置时需要较大地移动病人的头部、脖子和颌形成了对比。另外,这些装置允许从使用者的任意位置进行单手插入,而不需要从中间的位置移动病人的头部和脖子,并且不需要将手指插入到病人的嘴中也可以放置在适当的位置。最后,应该相信的是,它们作为合适的导气管装置是独一无二的,能够在试图插管的过程中持续实现通气控制和病人的供氧,由此降低了缺氧的可能性。
具有所述特性的人工导气管装置在美国专利No.4,509,514;美国专利No.5,249,571;美国专利No.5,282,464;美国专利No.5,297,547;美国专利No.5,303,697;以及英国专利No.2,205,499中公布了示例。具有附加的用于胃排出物的排泄的装置的这种装置在美国专利No.4,995,388(图7-10);美国专利No.5,241,956和美国专利No.5,355,879中例示出。
一般而言,喉罩导气管装置的目的是提供一种具有不仅仅能保证肺的充足通气的横截面的导气管,并且具有用于胃排泄的装置的设计的特征在于,相对复杂的内部连接和被计算以应付在胃排泄中存在坚硬的固体的困难情形的横截面。因此,在罩的远端用于直接服务咽喉部的胃排泄开口的设置导致了这种罩具有变得体积大且过于僵硬的趋势,因此,使得正确地插入罩变得困难。另外,体积和硬度过大在插入时与跟踪病人咽喉后部曲线对于远端柔性的要求相违背,用这样的方式可靠地避免对于咽部的会厌和其他的天生结构造成创伤。
现有类型的这些装置面临着大量的问题。例如,有些现有装置通过设置杆等等横过出口从而防止病人的解剖结构部分(例如会厌)阻塞导气管的出口。尽管这种装置在大多数情况下作用良好,但是会使得制造更复杂,并且会影响装置在使用中的性能。这在由与更加传统的液硅橡胶(LiquidSilicon Rubber,LSR)相比较刚性的材料(例如PVC)制成的装置内更是如此。
一般而言,由于制造比较便宜,并且可以较为经济的作为“单次使用”的装置提供,因此,由诸如PVC材料制成的装置是有吸引力的。然而,PVC和PVC粘结剂存在着材料的差异,例如与LSR相比具有增大的硬度计硬度,这会影响装置在使用中如何执行。例如,已经注意到的是,对于给定量的空气,LSR套囊比相对的PVC套囊膨胀到更大的尺寸。这种优异的弹性允许LSR套囊可以利用较小的粘膜压力来提供更优异的解剖学上的密封。为了减小性能差异,PVC套囊必须具有减小的壁厚。然而,由于通过导气管传递到套囊远顶端的插入力不能够充分地吸收,因此,减小壁厚的PVC套囊(收缩并且准备用于插入)在柔性响应方面会比较差。套囊组件必须缩小到保持柔性性能的厚度,即防止会厌向下折叠,但是膨胀使得壁厚小于或等于0.4mm的套囊形成满意的密封。在罩背板以及套囊由PVC形成时,PVC的硬度计硬度的增大与柔性性能(滞后)成反比,这个事实意味着装置在反作用、响应和变形恢复方面的柔性性能逊于相对的LSR装置。
上面的问题在结合有食管排泄的装置中特别地突出。如上所述,在任何这种装置中,与形成的材料无关,增加食管排泄本身很大程度上增大了制造的复杂性,并且还会影响装置在易于插入、密封形成和防止吹入方面的性能。如果使用PVC或者类似的执行材料,这些问题会进一步加剧。例如,普通技术人员应该理解的是,提供与导气管密封并且必须通过膨胀的套囊的排泄管在制造方面会产生特别困难的问题。在功能的影响方面,排泄管的设置会引起罩顶部区的不能接受的硬化和导气管通道的堵塞/限制。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种喉罩导气管装置,用于插进病人从而为病人的声门开口提供通气通道,该装置包括导气管,连接到导气管的罩,该罩包括具有远端和近端的主体,外围可膨胀的套囊,并且限定气体出口,该罩连接到导气管用于在导气管和罩之间进行气体导通,该装置进一步包括食管排泄管,当装置处于病人体内工作位置时,该排泄管包括从在远端的入口延伸到设置在病人的外部的出口的通道,该通道包括罩部分和导气管部分,其中该通道的罩部分一体形成在主体的材料内。因此,可以看到,本发明解决了由于需要结合食管排泄管所产生的在装置的性能以及制造方面的问题。
优选的是,该通道从远端基本上居中地延伸到罩主体的近端,从而提供用于流体和固体流过的直且短的流路。
该罩主体可以包括板,该板具有背侧和腹侧,所述背侧基本上光滑并且具有跨过其宽度的凸曲率,该通道形成在板的腹侧上并且从腹侧延伸。这保持了平滑的背侧轮廓,有助于插入和病人的舒适度,并且保持装置背侧到腹侧的尺寸最小,这进一步有助于插入。
在优选的实施例中,该通道包括延伸过罩主体的远端范围的延伸部分。该延伸部分可以被一体形成的袋(pocket)包围并由所述袋展开,并且袋优选从入口的材料延伸。该袋优选是可膨胀的,并且最优选的是通过来自套囊的气体膨胀。袋和套囊可以密封在一起,存在着气体从套囊到袋进入通路,并且进入通路可以方便地由套囊的夹紧部提供。
延伸部可以包括防止其在袋内的增大的空气压力作用下塌陷的装置。该防止装置可以包括一个或多个与延伸部分一体形成的支撑腹板,并且支撑腹板或者每个支撑腹板可以基本上垂直于延伸部分并从延伸部分延伸。
该罩优选地包括塑料材料,例如肖氏硬度为50A的材料,并且导气管优选包括肖氏硬度为90A的材料。
附图说明
参考附图,通过例示的方式对本发明进行进一步说明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的装置的四分之三背部的视图;
图2是图1中装置的右侧视图;
图3是图1中装置的背侧视图;
图4是图1中装置的腹侧视图;
图4a是根据本发明的装置的另一个实施例的腹侧视图;
图5是从图1中装置的近端朝向远端的端视图;
图6是从图1中的装置的罩的远端朝向近端的端视图;
图7是图1中的装置的罩的放大视图;
图8是图4a中的装置的背侧视图;
图9是沿着图8中的线Y-Y的纵向剖视图;
图10是图4a的装置的放大的侧视图;
图11A至11K是沿着图10中的线A-A至K-K的横向剖视图;
图12是根据本发明的装置的背侧分解透视图;
图13是根据本发明的装置的腹侧分解透视图;
图14是根据本发明的装置的四分之三背侧透视图;
图15是图14中装置的右侧视图;
图16是图14中装置的背侧视图;
图17是图14中装置的腹侧视图;
图18是从图14中装置的罩的近端朝向远端看的端视图;
图19是从图14中装置的罩的远端朝向近端看的端视图;
图20是图14中装置的四分之三背侧透视图;
图21是图20中截面CC-CC的视图;
图22是图17中截面VC-VC的视图;
图23是图14的装置的部分近端视图;以及
图24是图14中装置的部分远端视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,附图示出了喉罩导气管装置1,用于插入病人从而为病人的声门开口提供通气通道,装置1包括导气管2和连接到导气管2的罩3;罩3包括具有远端5和近端6的主体4,外围可膨胀的套囊7,并且限定了气体出口8;罩3连接到导气管2,用于在导气管2和出口8之间的气体连通,装置1进一步包括食管排泄管10,当装置1处于工作位置时,排泄管10包括从处于远端5的入口12延伸到设置在病人的外侧的出口13的通道,该通道包括罩部分11和导气管部分41,其中通道的罩部分11一体形成在主体4的材料内。
从图中可以看到,装置1在整体的外观方面与现有技术的装置有些相似,这是由于它包括即使没有构成喉罩导气管装置的全部也构成了喉罩导气管装置的大部分的基本部件,即:导气管2以及包括主体部4和套囊7的罩3。
为了说明的目的,应该对于装置1的区域指定参考名字,并且相应的参考图2-6,装置1具有背侧14,腹侧15,近端16(在某种意义上,是最靠近使用者而不是病人的一端),远端17和左右侧18和19。
首先参考导气管2,在示出的实施例中,导气管包括模制成合适的解剖结构上的曲线形状的相对刚性的PVC材料(例如肖氏硬度为90A的科莱公司的(Colorite)PVC)。导气管2具有一定的挠性,从而使得如果弯曲时能够回复到其原始性状。尽管这样是可挠性变形的,但是它具有足够的刚性,以能够辅助将装置1插进病人,起到手柄和导向的作用。在该实施例中,导气管2不像很多现有技术的装置那样具有圆形的横截面,取而代之的是,可以在背侧/腹侧方向被挤压,这帮助装置1正确的插入,有助于防止扭结,并且由于形状总体上模拟天生的气管的形状因此可以有助于对病人舒适地定位。在该实施例中,导气管2的每一侧18、19包括从近端到远端延伸几乎导气管的整个长度的槽或沟20。这些槽20进一步有助于防止导气管2被压垮或者扭结。在槽20的内部沿着侧面18和19的内表面形成脊部。
现在参考图13,图13示出了装置1的分解图,可以看到导气管2包括具有表面22a的张开的远端22,设置表面22a用于将导气管2连接到罩3,一般是通过将罩3包覆成型到导气管2上来实现。因此,导气管2自身可以构成在装置1的形成中使用的预成型件,这实质上简化了制造。特别注意的是导气管背侧模制表面23(图13)。该表面23位于张开的远端22处,并且呈现平面的形式,在背壁2c的外背部表面2a和内背部表面2b之间延伸(图24)。它包括可选的通孔2d,以允许包覆成型的背板4锁定到导气管2上,这将在后面说明。这个特征有助于保证在由不同材料构成的导气管2和罩3之间形成牢固的连接。
导气管2的另一个特征是食管排泄管41,该排泄管41位于导气管2内,从导气管一端居中地延伸到另一端,并且在该实施例中,设置成与导气管2的背壁2b的内表面2a接触,并且在每侧通过抬高的光滑壁(未显示)作为边界,该光滑壁形成了浅沟,排泄管通过该浅沟。
导气管2的近端设置有连接器42,用于将装置1与气源和排泄管(未显示)连接起来,如在图12和13以及图9中的截面所示。连接器42包括连接器主体43,可选的咬合块44和连接器插头45。连接器主体43和咬合块44的形状和尺寸与导气管2的近端的内部形状相对应,从而可以安装到导气管2中。连接器主体43具有垂直延伸的外围凸缘46,该凸缘46在其圆周上的一点延伸成台47。连接器插头45通过应用到凸缘46的粘结剂或者其它合适的装置连接到连接器主体43。连接器插头45包括主孔48和次孔49,这两个孔引入到处于连接器插头45的远端的共同腔50中,在此处,连接器插头45连接到连接器主体43。排泄管41延伸进入并且穿过次孔49,从而使得导气管2的孔和排泄管41的孔互相分离。
现在转向罩3,罩3由两部分构成,主体部分4和外围套囊7,主体部分4通常被称为背板。
在这些实施例中,背板4是通过由肖氏硬度为50A的氯乙烯/聚氨酯合金(Vythene)PVC+PU模制而成。这种材料基本上比导气管2的材料更加柔软且更容易变形。
现在参考图23,当从背侧或者腹侧方向看时,背板4包括大体椭圆形的模制形状,具有光滑的背面24,成型的腹面24a(图17),近连接部24b和远顶端61。
背面24具有与导气管2的背面曲率相对应的从一侧到另一侧凸起的曲面,并且背面24在纵向上也是弯曲的,具有从连接部分24b开始以恒定的曲率朝着远顶端61延伸的曲面。因此,在装配的装置1中,顶端61腹侧地相对于导气管的远端偏置,远顶端61的偏移程度大约为20mm或者10度,从而在罩内产生适合于病人的解剖学的弯曲。这在图2中以X示意地显示。在插入时,顶端61的移动有助于罩在插入路径中“拐角”。
当从腹侧看时,可以最好地看到背板4的整体模制结构(图4、7、12、17)。背板的腹侧24a的精确形状在图11A-11K的截面视图和图7的放大透视图中特别地进行了显示。参考图12中所示的分解图,背板4的背面24的凸起曲面与在腹侧的对应的凹陷曲面成镜像。因此,腹面24a形成了朝向远顶端61的浅的细长沟。该沟的边界是壁26。壁26具有相对应成型的纵向延伸的凸起外表面25。每个壁26从近连接部分24b朝着远顶端61纵向延伸过背板4的基本整个长度。每个壁26还具有凸起的内表面28,而不是以垂直于沟底的角度终止,每个壁26的弯曲继续,壁绕过沟折回并且在向内延伸的腹板27处终止(图7和11)。侧壁26的内表面28向下弯曲,形成沟的底面但不相交会,这是由于沟的基部或者底面被纵向延伸的整体模制的通道均等地分开,所述通道是从连接部24b到远顶端61延伸整个长度的食管排泄管11。因此,可以看到,沟在其内表面具有三个纵向延伸的通道,两个开口的外通道28a和中心排泄管11,所述两个开口的外通道是装配装置1中的次气体通道,而中心排泄管11形成了他们之间的隔膜。
现在更详细参考排泄管11,可以看到的是,排泄管11具有足够的直径,从而使得上壁部分11a(即,离沟的底面最远的壁部分)与侧壁26的向内延伸的腹板27处于相似的高度。另外,上壁部分11a自身也具有向外延伸的腹板30,腹板30向腹板27的相对应的斜边倾斜但是不与其交会。因此,排泄管11的上壁部分11a的上表面11b和腹板27、30一起限定了表面11c(如在图11的虚线示意性所示),所有的三个通道11、28a从该表面的高度下通过。
现在特别地参考图7,可以看到,尽管排泄管11从其近连接部分24b到远顶端61延伸了背板4的整个长度,通道28a没有延伸背板4的整个长度,而在整个长度的大约一半处终止。通道28a的底面31随着它们延伸向背板4的远顶端61而微向上弯曲,直到它们终止于大致等于腹板27和30的高度的高度处。在图4a所示的实施例中,这些区域被掏空,以形成凹部31b。
如图12和图21至23所示,排泄管11延伸到远顶端61,终止于开口12。因此,排泄管11的端部分11e超过过背板4的端部突出。该端部分11e设置有延伸到其任意一侧的背腹板11a,并且围绕它形成围绕其圆周包围端部分11e的盖(hood)或者袋(pocket)36a。盖或者袋36a围绕开口12的圆周12a连接到排泄管11的远端(图22)。这个盖或者袋36a在远顶端61处一体形成于背板4的材料内。它从排泄管开口12的圆周完全地包围和延伸,并且之间的对接光滑。如所示出地,盖的腹侧范围比背侧范围更有限,背侧范围大约是在半路返回到背板4的近端。参考图11中的截面图A-A和B-B,可以看到,排泄管11在左右侧和它的背面被垂直延伸的腹板62支撑。这些腹板62一体形成,并且从开口12向后延伸到端部分11e与背板4范围交会的点处。在示出的实施例中,背腹板62从排泄管大体垂直地延伸,但是在优选的实施例中,它们可以以小于90度的角度延伸到一侧或者另一侧。
罩3的第二部分是外围套囊7。套囊7在这个实施例中是由PVC吹塑成型,并且是大体椭圆的膨胀环的形式,具有中心开口7a,带有膨胀端口38的相对深的近端37和向“楔”形轮廓39倾斜的相对浅的远端7b。应该理解的是,特别是从图12和13所示的分解图中,套囊7由单件一体形成。楔形轮廓设置成使得背侧面与腹侧面的面积比对背侧更有利。因此,当缩小时,套囊7的远端7b将从背侧偏向腹侧弯曲。
在装配的装置1中,排泄管41插入到导气管2中,从而使得从近端16突出。连接器42通过将连接器主体43和咬合块44插入近端16中来连接到导气管2。这些部件是干涉配合,并且可以通过粘结剂连接。插头45通过凸缘46连接到连接器主体43,从而使得排泄管41进入次孔49内,在口部或者接近口部终止。因此,可以看到的是,次孔49单独与排泄管41流体连通,而主孔48单独与导气管2的内部流体连通。
通过将背板4包覆成型到已经形成的导气管2上,导气管2方便地连接到背板4。因此,背板4的连接部分24b模制到导气管2的背弧部上(图13)。通过表面22a、23和通孔2d辅助牢固连接,表面22a、23提供了增大的进行模制的表面积,背板材料可以流入通孔2d。排泄管41以流体密封的方式连接到整体模制的排泄管11,如箭头Z所示(图13)。
如图12和13所示,通过将套囊7的楔形远端7b插入到在背板4的远顶端6处的盖或袋36a中,使得楔形面39与盖36a的内表面36b配合,
套囊7的内圆周部分与背板壁26的凸起外表面25配合,套囊7被连接到背板4。套囊7连接到盖中,使得在盖和套囊之间的空间是气密封的,并且在该实施例中,套囊设置有“夹紧部”40(图21和22),将套囊7和盖36a流体连通,从而使得除了套囊7自身之外,在盖内的空气间隙也能够膨胀。然而,套囊7夹紧部不朝着套囊的远顶端延伸整个距离,以防止膨胀的压力阻塞开口12。套囊的近背面连接到导气管2的远端22的腹弧部。
因此,应该理解的是,不像结合有食管排泄管的先前的装置,本发明的排泄管11不刺穿套囊7,使得制造更简单。另外,在排泄管刺穿套囊的现有装置中,套囊必须牢固连接在远顶端的排泄管的圆周周围。这样的牢固连接(例如,利用粘结剂),可以使得顶端坚硬,防止排泄管在收缩、拉平的装置内塌陷,这对于能够使得罩容易地通过解剖学的弯曲时特别期望的。另外,排泄管到套囊联接的陡的弯曲很容易破裂。在本发明中,由于排泄管11与盖36a整体模制,这实际上在远顶端形成了第二或者次套囊,因此可以避免这些问题。
应该理解的是,装置1的导气管由导气管2的孔提供,导气管是气体通过而供给病人的通道,所述孔在张开的远端22处终止。张开的远端22与背板4和套囊7一起限定了出口8,出口8用于气体从导气管2进入到罩3。出口8包括三条通道,即主气体通道8a(图6)和两个次气体通道28a,气体通过这三个通道进入到罩内。
在使用中,收缩的装置1利用该类型装置的常用的方式插入到病人体内。如上所指出的,导气管2的相对刚性允许使用者抓住它并且用它将该装置1引导进病人,同时背板的相对更软更顺的材料意味着,罩更容易变形以通过插入通道,而不对解剖结构造成损坏,并且能够恢复到最佳形状,从而保证在插入的最远的范围内实现良好的密封。由于远顶端61由此处于在插入路径中通过“弯曲”部的最佳角度,因此远顶端61相对于背板4和导气管2之间的连接点的腹侧移位进一步提高了插入的容易性。在由相对刚性材料(例如PVC)所形成的装置内,与常使用的LSR相对,这些特征对于方便插入并且对于提供加大的密封非常重要。
现在参考模制的背板4的特征,可以看到,通过设置整体模制在背板4的材料内的排泄管,由利用粘结剂连接在适当位置的分离的排泄管引起的先前设计中所存在的罩硬度和制造困难的问题被缓解。
另外,利用本发明的背板4,居中定位的排泄管11和次气体通道28a的结合有助于解决导气管被病人的解剖结构部分阻塞的问题。次级气体通道28a可以认为是“鼻孔”,即使主出口8a例如由于会厌停在由排泄管11设置的隔膜上而被病人的会厌阻塞,气体也可以通过该“鼻孔”持续进入到病人。特别是如图11I和11J所示,腹板27、30形成了在通道28a上的局部的闭合,以有助于防止例如会厌的结构落进通道28a并且阻塞通道28a,并且还使得背板4更加抵抗侧向的挤压。应该理解的是,本实施例中,排泄管11在通道28a之间形成了传统的隔膜,然而,在没有食管排泄管的装置中,可以在背板的材料内通过模制容易地形成固体隔膜。另外,可以设置大量的通道28a。
因此,可以看到,上述的实施例利用新颖的且有创造性的方式解决了现有技术中的问题。

Claims (16)

1.一种喉罩导气管装置,用于插进病人体内以为病人的声门开口提供通气通道,该装置包括:
导气管;
连接到所述导气管的罩,该罩包括具有远端和近端的主体、外围可膨胀的套囊,并且限定了气体出口,所述罩连接到所述导气管,用于在所述导气管和所述罩之间气体连通;
食管排泄管,当装置处于病人体内工作位置时,该排泄管包括从在远端的入口延伸到设置在病人的外部的出口的通道,该通道包括罩部分和导气管部分,其中该通道的罩部分一体形成在所述主体的材料内。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述通道从所述罩主体的远端基本上居中地向近端延伸。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中,所述罩主体包括板,该板具有背侧和腹侧,所述背侧基本上光滑并且具有跨过其宽度的凸曲率,该通道形成在所述板的腹侧上并且从腹侧延伸。
4.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的装置,其中,所述通道包括延伸超过所述罩主体的远端范围的延伸部分。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述延伸部分被一体形成的袋包围并从所述一体形成的袋开口。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置,其中,所述袋从所述入口的材料延伸。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的装置,其中,所述袋是可膨胀的。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其中,所述袋通过来自套囊的气体膨胀。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述袋和套囊被密封在一起,存在着气体从所述套囊到所述袋的进入点。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置,其中,由套囊的夹紧部提供进入通路。
11.如权利要求4至10中的任一项所述的装置,其中,所述延伸部分包括防止延伸部分在袋内的增大的空气压力作用下塌陷的装置。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其中,所述防止延伸部分在袋内的增大的空气压力作用下塌陷的装置包括一个或多个与所述延伸部分一体形成的支撑腹板。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置,其中,所述支撑腹板或者每个支撑腹板基本上垂直于所述延伸部分地从所述延伸部分延伸。
14.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的装置,其中,所述罩包括塑料材料。
15.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的装置,其中,所述材料是肖氏硬度为50A的材料。
16.如权利要求12所述的装置,其中,所述导气管包括肖氏硬度为90A的材料。
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