CN1041175A - 改进的共挤塑粘合剂及其制品 - Google Patents

改进的共挤塑粘合剂及其制品 Download PDF

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CN1041175A
CN1041175A CN89106970A CN89106970A CN1041175A CN 1041175 A CN1041175 A CN 1041175A CN 89106970 A CN89106970 A CN 89106970A CN 89106970 A CN89106970 A CN 89106970A CN 1041175 A CN1041175 A CN 1041175A
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李爱华
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Abstract

由乙烯共聚物、含酸或酸衍生物功能性侧基的共聚单体接枝改性的乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯聚合物和脂环烃树脂改性剂或松香酯稳定剂组成的混合物,这种混合物是有用的粘合剂,特别适用于聚苯乙烯和不透性聚合物的粘合。

Description

本发明涉及由乙烯共聚物、变性乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯聚合物和饱和脂环烃树脂组成的可挤塑粘合剂组合物,用于粘合聚苯乙烯与不透性聚合物。
本发明的发明人在美国未决专利申请No071,202,033(申请日:1988年6月3日)中公开了一种乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、与含酸或酸衍生物功能性侧基共聚单体接枝聚合而改性的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和抗冲击改性聚苯乙烯的混合物,这种混合物是有用的粘合剂,特别适用于聚苯乙烯与不透性聚合物的粘合。
类似的用于层压制品的粘合剂体系为先有技术所知。例如Imura等人的日本专利申请No53        018        653公开的树脂组合物,这种组合物是将3-100份重的氢化石油树脂和100份重的羧酸亚乙酯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚合相混合得到的,后者是用不饱和羧酸和/或其酐与至少一种亚乙烯基单体在乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物存在下进行共聚合制得的。
Nakagawa等人的美国专利4,670,349公开了一种由(A)乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯或乙烯/α-烯烃无规共聚物、(B)其中含0.01-10%(重量)的不饱和羧酸或其衍生物为接枝物的改性聚乙烯和(C)1-125重量份的氢化芳族石油树脂组成的粘合树脂组合物。这种树脂适合于制作聚苯乙烯与乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物层压制品的粘合剂。
Boggs的美国专利4,358,557公开了一种热熔粘合剂,由乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、选自烃树脂、聚萜烯树脂或松香树脂、石蜡和芳烃树脂的增粘剂组成。
Douglas等人的美国专利3,932,332公开了一种粘合剂,是由乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、石蜡和苯乙烯/α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物制得的。
Nakabayashi等的美国专利4,576,995公开了一种粘接乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物和聚苯乙烯的粘合剂,该粘合剂包括用苯乙烯基单体和α-,β-不饱和羧酸接枝共聚于乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物上而得到的改性乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。用这种粘合剂制成的层压制品是有价值的深撑压成型材料,有改进的不透气性。
日本专利申请54057582(德温特摘要46260B/25)公开了一种由聚苯乙烯树脂层、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化产品层、苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物(含60%丁二烯)、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(6mol%VA)和马来酐-乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚物组成的树脂层压制品。
日本专利申请58203043(德温特摘要84-008480/02)公开了一种类似的层压制品,其中的粘合层是聚苯乙烯、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(5-50%VA)和接枝聚烯烃(例如用马来酐接枝)的混合物。
日本专利申请590        55743公开了一种生产树脂层压制品的方法,其特征是将苯乙烯类的树脂层、皂化乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物之类的不透气性树脂层、由(a)用不饱和羧酸或酐接枝改性的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和(b)用(例如)苯乙烯接枝改性的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或进一步,(c)未改性的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物组成的粘合层进行熔融共挤塑。
本发明提供一种可挤塑的粘合树脂组合物,该组合物的组成主要如下:
a)约35-84wt%的乙烯共聚物部分,主要组成如下:
(ⅰ)约1-100wt%的由约45-95wt%的乙烯和约5-55wt%的与之共聚的至少一种共聚单体和含羧酸或羧酸衍生物功能性侧基的接枝共聚单体形成的共聚物,该共聚单体选自2-20个碳原子的不饱和一元或二元羧酸、该不饱和一元或二元羧酸的酯、酸基为1-18个碳原子的饱和羧酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈和一氧化碳(其量约为0-30wt%),该接枝共聚单体的含量约为粘合树脂组合物总重量的0.03-0.5wt%。
(ⅱ)约0-99wt%的由约45-95wt%的乙烯和约5-55wt%的与之共聚的至少一种共聚单体形成的共聚物,该共聚单体选自2-20个碳原子的不饱和一元或二元羧酸、该不饱和一元或二元羧酸的酯、酸基为1-18个碳原子的饱和羧酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈和一氧化碳(其量约为0-30wt%),
共聚物(ⅰ)和共聚物(ⅱ)含至少一种共聚合的共聚单体,共聚物(ⅱ)中的每种共同共聚单体的量约为相应共聚单体在共聚物(ⅰ)中的量的10%以内,所说共聚合的共聚单体(非每种共聚物中的共同共聚单体)的总量小于约10%;
(b)约15-45wt%的聚苯乙烯;
(c)约1-25wt%的饱和度至少约为80%的饱和脂环烃树脂。
本发明还提供一种包括至少一层结构层、至少一层不透气层和至少一层用作粘合层的上述的树脂组合物层的层压结构,这种结构具有所希望的结构强度和不透性能的组合,层间具有极好的粘合力。
本发明的可挤塑的粘合树脂包括约35-84wt%(最好是约45-65wt%)和乙烯共聚物组分、约15-45wt%聚苯乙烯和约1-25wt%的饱和脂环烃树脂。乙烯共聚物组分包括用含酸或酸衍生物功能性侧基接枝的乙烯共聚物,需要时,这种接种共聚物可与另外加入的非接枝的乙烯共聚物混合。这种混合所希望的是能最大限度地降低相对说来比较贵的接枝原料的用量,同时保持组合物的优良粘合性能。
接枝乙烯共聚物含量为组合物的乙烯共聚物部分的重量的约1-100%,最好是约3-50%,此组分是含约5-55wt%、最好是约9-30wt%的选自下述共聚合的共聚单体的共聚物:2-20个碳原子的不饱和一元或二元羧酸、该不饱和一元或二元羧酸的酯、酸基为1-18个碳原子的饱和羧酸的乙烯酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、一氧化碳(用量约为0-30wt%)(对一氧化碳量的限制是因为制备含一氧化碳高于30wt%的聚合物时,会由于反应器的污损而变得不可行)。醋酸乙烯酯是优先选择的共聚单体,但丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯等(还可与作为第三单体的一氧化碳一起)也是十分适合的单体。共聚物的其余部分基本上是共聚的乙烯。这种共聚物的制备方法是熟知的加聚法,是将附加的含羧酸或羧酸衍生物功能性侧基的共聚单体接枝在共聚物上。以ASTM        D        1238条件“E”测定所得到的接枝共聚物的熔体指数应为0.5-40左右,超过这一范围时,加工将会产生困难,并会导致流动不稳定性。
接枝单体选自乙烯不饱和的一元、二元或多元羧酸和乙烯不饱和的羧酸酐,包括这些酸或酐的衍生物。这类酸和酐之例有丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、依康酸、巴豆酸、依康酸酐、马来酸酐和二甲基马来酸酐。适合的衍生物之例包括盐、酰胺、酰亚胺以及这类酸或酐的盐和酯,例如马来酸单钠盐和二钠盐以及富马酸二乙酯。这些酸和酐中特别有用的是马来酸和马来酸酐。
共聚单体在乙烯共聚物上的接枝方法可以是任何先有技术中熟知的方法,例如在无溶剂的熔体中进行接枝聚合,如欧洲专利申请0266994所公开,在此作为参考;或者在溶液或分散体系中进行。熔体接枝可使用加热挤塑机、BrabenderTM或BanburyTM混合机或其他密炼机或捏炼机器、辊式研磨机等,接枝可在游离基引发剂存在下进行,如在适合的有机过氧化物,有机过酸酯或有机过氧化氢存在下进行。接枝共聚物的回收是用任何能分离或利用所形成的接枝聚合物的方法,因此可以沉淀的蓬松物、小球、粉末等等式进行回收。
在乙烯共聚物上接枝的单体量没有特别的限制,以接枝乙烯共聚物的重量为基础计算,可低至0.03wt%或高至5wt%,甚至更高。但是接枝聚合物在总粘合组合物中的总量是很重要的,应在总粘合组合物的0.03wt%左右至0.5wt%左右之间,以便得到高的粘合和粘接质量。
未接枝的乙烯共聚物类似于上述的共聚物,只是没有接枝共聚单体。为使由本发明粘合剂制得的层压制品有高的剥离强度,未接枝共聚物的共聚单体应有十分类似于接枝共聚物的共聚单体的类型和用量,使接枝和未接枝共聚物有适当程度的相容性。如果接枝的和未接枝的共聚物含有相同的或化学上很接近的单体(接枝共聚单体除外)并且两种共聚物中的单体量相似,这样的共聚物通常是有相容性的。特别是接枝共聚物和未接枝共聚物应含有至少一种共同的所说的共聚合的共聚单体,并且这样的共同的共聚单体在两种共聚物中的量的互相差应在10%左右以内,最好是5%左右以内。如果接枝共聚物是基于含20wt%丙烯酸正丁酯的乙烯聚合物,则未接枝的共聚物应含10-30wt%的丙烯酸正丁酯。在一种或两种共聚物中也可有小量的附加共聚单体,但是每一共聚物所含的这种非共同的共聚单体应少于10wt%,以便保持相容性。另外,可以将非常相似的共聚单体(如丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸异丁酯)互相交换,同时保留相容性。除了有接枝单体外,接枝共聚物最好与未接枝的共聚物相同,未接枝共聚物的熔体指数应为0.05-40左右。
可挤塑的粘合树脂组合物的第三组分子为聚苯乙烯,可为苯乙烯均聚物或抗冲改性聚苯乙烯。此聚苯乙烯组分约为组合物的15-45wt%,最好是约25或约30-40wt%。聚苯乙烯是高分子量聚合物,优先选择的分子量大于50,000左右。抗冲改性聚苯乙烯是优先选择的聚苯乙烯,是熟知的用聚丁二烯或聚丁二烯-苯乙烯之类的弹性体改性的聚苯乙烯原料。此原料已有记载,如Modern        Plastics        Encylopedia,McGraw-Hill,p.72(1983-1984)。其制备方法是在聚丁二烯或苯乙烯-丁二烯弹性体存在下将苯乙烯聚合,因而是物理混合物和某种程度的接枝共聚物。但是,如果聚合物中苯乙烯的量太小,苯乙烯-丁二烯三嵌段共聚物可能是不适合的。例如,仅含约30%苯乙烯组分的共聚物是不适合的,但含相当高水平(如80%或90%)的苯乙烯组分的嵌段共聚物将是适合于本发明的。
本发明组合物中的最后一个主要组成是饱和脂环烃树脂。此树脂为组合物的1-25wt%左右,最好是5-25wt%左右,是商业上已知的原料。饱和脂环烃树脂的生产可用许多方法,例如催化聚合轻流裂化石脑油,再将产品进行氢化,或将如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯或乙烯基甲苯、1-H茚或2-H茚之类的芳香烃聚合,再将得到的芳族产品进行氢化到至少80%的饱和度。这种树脂最好分子量为500-1500左右,特别是650-860左右,相应于约105-140℃的软化点。这种树脂能提供比低软化点的类似树脂更高的粘结强度和机械性能。这种树脂最好是α-甲基苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯和茚的饱和三元共聚物。
除上述各组分处,粘合树脂还可含有少量技术上已知的通常使用的其他材料,如抗氧化剂、稳定剂和填料等。
粘合树脂组合物的制备是用任何适合的方法将上述各组分进行混合,如熔融混合、挤压等。
在含苯乙烯类树脂结构层、氯乙烯树脂或聚碳酸酯树脂层和如聚酰胺或乙烯/乙烯醇的共聚物不透层的复合结构中,此组合物提供了极好的粘合性。含苯乙烯类树脂的结构在较宽的温度范围内显示了极好的挤塑性和优良的成型加工性。由这种复合结构所提供的加工性和不透性的结合,使它们能能应用于包装、一次性容器等。结构层也可以是聚乙烯,因为聚乙烯能提供好的粘合性并且也常作多层结构的内层或食品接触层。
实例
将各配制组分在聚乙烯袋中进行干混合制备粘合剂混合物,然后将其在具有真空孔的28mm或30mm的双螺杆挤压机中于210-230℃下进行熔混。列于表中的每一种混合物也含约0.1wt%的IrganoxTM1010受阻多酚稳定剂(表中未单独报告)。
每一混合物均通过共挤塑模头从4-6转/分钟的单螺杆挤塑机中共挤塑。在混合物的一面上是从38mm挤塑机中挤出的高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)层,挤塑机转速为8-12转/分钟;在混合物的另一面上是从38mm挤塑机中挤出的含33mol%乙烯的乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物层(EVOH),挤塑机转速为30-45转/分钟。每一挤塑机的压辊温度设定在230℃,挤出物通过的骤冷辊温度保持在100℃,挤出片的卷取速度为1.5米/分钟左右,薄层厚度示于表中。
所制得的层压制品是用剥离强度进行评价的。剥离强度是按ASTM        D1876-72法测定的,但作下列改变:以305mm/min代替254mm/min,每一样品测定3-6次而不是10次。测试结果在表中以“T”标示。
表中的结果显示在本发明范围内粘合组合物的优越性。实例1-33代表用本发明的粘合剂制得的层压制品,特别说明使用基于含9-28wt%的醋酸乙烯酯共聚单体的粘合剂以及乙烯和丙烯酸正丁酯、一氧化碳的三元聚合物(实例28)制得的层压制品。这样的层压制品的“T”剥离强度至少为300N/m左右(除小数例外),在许多情况下大大超过500N/m。(实例31所示的剥离强度是比较低的,纵使在本发明的范围内。得到此特殊结果的原因还不完全清楚,但相邻是与实验的可靠性和误差有关)。
在本发明范围以外制备的层压制品以对比实例C1-C21代表。这些层压制品的“T”剥离强度典型地小于300N/m左右,经常甚致比此值小得多。因为聚苯乙烯的量小于约15%左右,所以对比实例C1-C7和C18-C20显示了相对低的剥离强度。例如可将对比实例C1与实例1和13进行比较,同时将对比实例C3与实例15进行比较。在一些实例中,聚苯乙烯的量为15%-本发明的低限,所以本发明的以改进了剥离强度而言的优越性是没有完全显示出来的(例如实例3),这是需要注意的。
对比实例C8和C9的混合物中不含烃树脂。对比实例C10和C11因混合了接枝共聚物的共聚物与接枝共聚物不能充分相容而显示了较低的录离强度-在C10中是因为醋酸乙烯酯的百分值相差16%,在C11中是因接枝共聚物不含任何醋酸乙烯酯(此二对比实例可与实例8和11进行比较)。相似,对比实例C21显示了部分较差的强度,因为接枝共聚物是基于聚乙烯的,并因此没有共聚单体特定的最低水平,即使未接枝的共聚物所含9%的醋酸乙烯酯是在共聚单体水平10%以内。需要注意的是在实例14和19中共聚物的醋酸乙烯酯含量的差正好为10%,因此对于剥离强度的改进不比其他一些例子显著。对比实例C5-C10的结果较差,这是由于使用苯乙烯-丁二烯三嵌段共聚物代替聚苯乙烯的结果。在这些对比实例中,不管有无(C14)烃树脂存在,其剥离强度均停留在大致相同的低水平上。
Figure 891069704_IMG1
Figure 891069704_IMG2
表注:
a-ps,苯乙烯聚合物,表中所示:
A-抗冲改性聚苯乙烯,HOS        850(Huntsman        Chemical产品)
B-苯乙烯-丁二烯三嵌段共聚物,Kraton        G        1651(Shell        Chemical产品)
b-乙烯共聚物和接枝共聚物型:
9-乙烯与9wt%醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物,熔体指数0.8dg/min
12-与12wt%VA的共聚物,MI        2.5
18-与18wt%VA的共聚物,MI        8
18′-与18wt%VA的共聚物,MI        0.8
25-与25wt%VA的共聚物,MI        2
28-与28wt%VA的共聚物,MI        6
28′-与28wt%VA的共聚物,MI        25
PE-高密度聚乙烯
N-乙烯与30wt%丙烯酸正丁酯、10wt%CO的共聚物,MI        2
M-乙烯与20wt%丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物,MI        6
(各接枝共聚物的熔体指数与上述值不完全一致,但都在0.5-10dg/min的范围内)
c-烃树脂型:
F-Arkon        P125,分子量820(Arakawa        Chemical产品)
G-Arkon        P140,MW860(Arakawa        Chemical产品)
H-Arkon        P90,MW650(Arakara        Chemical产品)

Claims (18)

1、一种可挤塑的粘合树脂组合物,该组合物主要由下述组分组成:
a)约35-84wt%的乙烯共聚物部分,主要组成如下:
(ⅰ)约1-100wt%的由约45-95wt%的乙烯和约5-55wt%的与之共聚的共聚单体和含羧酸或羧酸衍生物功能性侧基的接枝共聚单体形成的共聚物,该共聚单体选自2-20个碳原子的不饱和一元或二元羧酸、该不饱和一元或二元羧酸的酯、酸基为1-18个碳原子的饱和羧酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈和一氧化碳(其量约为0-30wt%),该接枝共聚单体的含量约为粘胶树脂组合物总重量的0.03-0.5wt%,
(ⅱ)约0-99wt%的由约45-95wt%的乙烯和约5-55wt%的与之共聚的至少一种共聚单体形成的共聚物,该共聚单体选自2-20个碳原子的不饱和一元或二元羧酸、该不饱和一元或二元羧酸的酯、酸基为1-18个碳原子的饱和羧酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈和一氧化碳(其量约为0-30wt%),
共聚物(ⅰ)和共聚物(ⅱ)含至少一种共同的共聚合的共聚单体,共聚物(ⅱ)中的每种共同共聚单体的量约为相应共聚单体在共聚物(ⅰ)中的量的10%以内,所说共聚合的共聚单体(非每种共聚物中的共同共聚单体)的总量小于约10%;
(b)约15-45wt%的聚苯乙烯;
(c)约1-25wt%的饱和度至少约为80%的饱和脂环烃树脂改性剂。
2、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中共聚物(ⅰ)和共聚物(ⅱ)含相同的共聚合的共聚单体。
3、权利要求2所述的组合物,其中共聚物(ⅱ)中的每种共聚单体为共聚物(ⅰ)中相应共聚单体量的5%以内。
4、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中乙烯共聚物部分的量约为组合物的45-65wt%、聚苯乙烯部分约为30-45wt%,饱和烃树脂部分约为5-25wt%。
5、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中共聚体(ⅰ)和共聚体(ⅱ)中共聚单体的量分别约为9-30wt%。
6、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中共聚物(ⅰ)和共聚物(ⅱ)选自乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸正丁酯/一氧化碳共聚物。
7、权利要求6所述的组合物,其中共聚物(ⅰ)和共聚物(ⅱ)为乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
8、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中羧酸或羧酸衍生是以约0.05-5wt%的量接枝聚合在聚合物(ⅰ)上的。
9、权利要求8所述的组合物,其中羧酸或羧酸衍生物是乙烯不饱和一元、二元或多元羧酸、酸酐、盐、酰胺、酰亚胺或酯。
10、权利要求9所述的组合物,其中羧酸或羧酸衍生物是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、依康酸、巴豆酸、依康酸酐、马来酸酐、二甲基马来酸酐、马来酸单钠盐、马来酸二钠盐和富马酸二甲酯。
11、权利要求9所述的组合物,其中羧酸或羧酸衍生物是酸酐。
12、权利要求11所述的组合物,其中的酸酐是马来酸酐。
13、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中的苯乙烯聚合物是冲击强度至少约为92J/m的抗冲改性聚苯乙烯。
14、权利要求1所述的组合物,其中的组分(c)是分子量约为650-860的烃树脂。
15、权利要求14所述的组合物,其中的烃树脂是α-甲基苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯和茚的饱和三元共聚物。
16、包括至少一层结构层、至少一层不透性树脂层和至少一层权利要求1的可挤塑的粘合树脂组合物的粘合层的层压结构。
17、权利要求16所述的层压结构,其中的结构层是高抗冲的聚苯乙烯、不透性树脂层是乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物。
18、权利要求16所述的层压结构,其中的结构层是聚乙烯、不透性树脂层是乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物。
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JPS5381540A (en) * 1976-12-28 1978-07-19 Fujikura Ltd Hot melt composition and laminate sheathed cable using the same
JPS603097B2 (ja) * 1977-04-13 1985-01-25 三菱化学株式会社 接着性のすぐれたポリオレフイン組成物
JPS5949191B2 (ja) * 1977-10-15 1984-12-01 旭化成株式会社 樹脂積層物
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114402022A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2022-04-26 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 聚乙烯共聚物共混物

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KR0130062B1 (ko) 1998-04-03
EP0359426B1 (en) 1993-03-03
JPH0713221B2 (ja) 1995-02-15
KR900003324A (ko) 1990-03-26
JPH02289666A (ja) 1990-11-29
ZA896603B (en) 1991-04-24
CA1337710C (en) 1995-12-05
BR8904310A (pt) 1990-04-17
AU4085189A (en) 1990-05-03
DE68905118T2 (de) 1993-09-02
AU614912B2 (en) 1991-09-12
AR243580A1 (es) 1993-08-31
MX164890B (es) 1992-09-30
EP0359426A2 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0359426A3 (en) 1991-08-07
RU2073056C1 (ru) 1997-02-10
NZ230434A (en) 1990-12-21
DE68905118D1 (de) 1993-04-08
ATE86285T1 (de) 1993-03-15
US4861676A (en) 1989-08-29

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