CN104039244A - 用于防止钳口过早打开的组织缝合器砧座特征结构 - Google Patents

用于防止钳口过早打开的组织缝合器砧座特征结构 Download PDF

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CN104039244A
CN104039244A CN201280066141.2A CN201280066141A CN104039244A CN 104039244 A CN104039244 A CN 104039244A CN 201280066141 A CN201280066141 A CN 201280066141A CN 104039244 A CN104039244 A CN 104039244A
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anvil block
trocar
trigger
feature structure
button
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CN104039244B (zh
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K·D·费尔德
J·F·卡明斯
J·P·肖瓦尔特
P·J·斯温登
J·H·亚历山大三世
P·A·韦茨曼
C·G·金博尔
E·G·奇坎
J·E·杨
C·C·米勒
B·T·贾米森
J·V·亨特
K·P·巴克
C·E·亨德森
C·O·巴克斯特三世
J·R·摩根
A·R·顿基-雅各布斯
V·M·瓦苏德万
C·J·舒特莱夫
J·F·塞尔伯
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/0682Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil
    • A61B17/0686Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil having a forming anvil staying below the tissue during stapling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00876Material properties magnetic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/0725Stapler heads with settable gap between anvil and cartridge, e.g. for different staple heights at different shots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2946Locking means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0807Indication means
    • A61B2090/0811Indication means for the position of a particular part of an instrument with respect to the rest of the instrument, e.g. position of the anvil of a stapling instrument

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械,其包括具有触发器(74)的柄部组件,所述触发器(74)能够操作以击发钉驱动器(24)从而将组织缝合。所述器械包括尖杆(38),砧座(40)可以联接到所述尖杆(38)。所述器械包括砧座检测特征结构,以确定所述砧座何时联接到所述杆。在一些型式中,所述砧座检测特征结构包括能够平移的杆(140,230),所述能够平移的杆(140,230)抑制锁定特征结构(82,212)脱离。在其他型式中,处于第一位置的砧座感测管(622,722)围绕所述尖杆设置并妨碍所述触发器的致动。当所述砧座感测管处于所述第二位置时,所述管中的凹槽(624)允许触发器致动。作为另外一种选择,弹性突片(310)联接到所述尖杆,并抵抗所述钉驱动器的致动。触发器锁定组件(1300)可包括弹簧加载按钮(1352),所述弹簧加载按钮(1352)在推杆致动时“弹出”,从而释放能够枢转的锁定特征结构。

Description

用于防止钳口过早打开的组织缝合器砧座特征结构
背景技术
在一些背景下,外科医生可能希望将外科器械穿过患者的腔道口而定位,并且使用该器械来调整、定位、附接患者体内的组织和/或以其他方式与患者体内的组织相互作用。例如,在一些外科手术中,可切割并移除胃肠道的部分以清除不需要的组织,或者出于其他原因而切割和移除。一旦期望的组织被移除,则剩余的部分将需要重新联接在一起。一种用于完成这些吻合手术的此类工具是穿过患者的腔道口插入的圆形缝合器。
此类圆形外科缝合器的例子描述于:1993年4月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,205,459;1993年12月21日公布的名称为“Surgical AnastomosisStapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,271,544;1994年1月4日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,275,322;1994年2月15日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,285,945;1994年3月8日公布的名称为“SurgicalAnastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,292,053;1994年8月2日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis StaplingInstrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,333,773;1994年9月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,350,104;以及1996年7月9日公布的名称为“Surgical Anastomosis Stapling Instrument”(外科吻合术缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,533,661。上文所引用的美国专利中的每一个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。一些这样的缝合器能够操作以夹紧在组织层上,切割穿过夹紧的组织层,并驱动钉穿过组织层以在组织层的被切断的末端附近将切断的组织层基本上密封在一起。
仅作为示例性的附加的其他外科缝合器在以下美国专利中有所公开:1989年2月21日公布的名称为“Pocket Configuration for Internal OrganStaplers”(内部器官缝合器的凹坑构型)的美国专利No.4,805,823;1995年5月16日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler and Staple Cartridge”(外科缝合器和钉仓)的美国专利No.5,415,334;1995年11月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”(外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,465,895;1997年1月28日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”(外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.5,597,107;1997年5月27日公布的名称为“SurgicalInstrument”(外科器械)的美国专利No.5,632,432;1997年10月7日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”(外科器械)的美国专利No.5,673,840;1998年1月6日公布的名称为“Articulation Assembly for SurgicalInstruments”(用于外科器械的关节运动组件)的美国专利No.5,704,534;1998年9月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Clamping Mechanism”(外科夹紧机构)的美国专利No.5,814,055;2005年12月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating an E-Beam Firing Mechanism”(结合了E型横梁击发机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.6,978,921;2006年2月21日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having SeparateDistinct Closing and Firing Systems”(具有单独的分立闭合及击发系统的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,000,818;2006年12月5日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument having a Firing Lockout for an Unclosed Anvil”(具有用于未闭合砧座的击发锁定的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,143,923;2007年12月4日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Multi-Stroke Firing Mechanism with a Flexible Rack”(结合了具有柔性齿条的多冲程击发机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,303,108;2008年5月6日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Multistroke Firing Mechanism Having a Rotary Transmission”(结合了具有旋转传输的多冲程击发机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,367,485;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentHaving a Single Lockout Mechanism for Prevention of Firing”(具有用于防止击发的单个锁定机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,380,695;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Articulating Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating aTwo-Piece E-Beam Firing Mechanism”(结合了两件式E型横梁击发机构的关节运动式外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,380,696;2008年7月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling and Cutting Device”(外科缝合和切割装置)的美国专利No.7,404,508;2008年10月14日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument having Multistroke Firing with Opening Lockout”(具有带开口锁定的多冲程击发的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,434,715;以及2010年5月25日公布的名称为“Disposable Cartridge with Adhesive for Usewith a Stapling Device”(与缝合装置一起使用的具有粘合剂的一次性钉仓)的美国专利No.7,721,930。上文所引用的美国专利中的每一个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。虽然上文所涉及的外科缝合器被描述为用于内窥镜式手术,但应当理解,这样的外科缝合器也可用于开腹手术和/或其他非内窥镜式手术。
虽然已制造并使用各种类型的外科缝合器械及相关部件,但是据信,在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求书中所描述的发明。
附图说明
虽然本说明书以特别指出并明确要求保护本技术的权利要求书作出结论,但据信从下面结合附图对某些例子所作的描述将更好地理解本技术,附图中类似的参考标号标识相同元件,并且其中:
图1示出了示例性圆形缝合外科器械的侧正视图;
图2A示出了图1的器械的示例性缝合头组件的放大纵向剖视图,其显示了处于打开位置的示例性砧座;
图2B示出了图2A的缝合头组件的放大纵向剖视图,其显示了处于闭合位置的砧座;
图2C示出了图2A的缝合头组件的放大纵向剖视图,其显示了处于击发位置的示例性钉驱动器和刀片;
图3示出了抵靠砧座而形成的示例性钉的放大局部剖视图;
图4A示出了图1的外科器械的示例性致动器柄部组件的放大侧正视图,其中主体的一部分被移除,其显示了处于未击发位置的触发器和处于锁定位置的锁定特征结构;
图4B示出了图4A的致动器柄部组件的放大侧正视图,其显示了处于击发位置的触发器和处于解锁位置的锁定特征结构;
图5示出了图1的外科器械的示例性指示器组件的放大局部透视图,其显示了指示器窗口和指示器杠杆;
图6示出了图5的指示器窗口的图解视图,其显示了示例性指示器条和示例性对应的钉表示;
图7示出了具有示例性套管针的外科器械的局部侧剖视图,该套管针具有砧座存在杆;
图8示出了具有弹性偏置突片、示例性钉驱动器、套管针和砧座的示例性砧座检测组件的放大局部剖视图;
图9A示出了显示为处于延伸位置的具有一对弹簧夹的可供选择的砧座检测组件的局部剖视图;
图9B示出了图9A的砧座检测组件的局部剖视图,其显示了未附接砧座的处于回缩位置的套管针和弹簧夹;
图9C示出了附接有砧座的显示为处于回缩位置的砧座检测组件的局部剖视图;
图10A示出了具有一对带磁性部分的弹性偏置锁定特征结构的砧座检测组件的放大局部纵向剖视图;
图10B示出了图10A的砧座检测组件的放大局部纵向剖视图,其显示了联接到套管针并与磁性部分对齐的互补砧座;
图11示出了具有带砧座感测管的示例性砧座检测组件的示例性外科器械的侧剖视图;
图12示出了图11的砧座检测组件的远端的放大局部透视图;
图13示出了具有带杯状物的示例性可供选择的砧座存在管的另一个示例性砧座检测组件的放大局部透视图;
图14示出了又一个示例性砧座检测组件的放大局部剖视图,其显示了具有夹头轴和一对突片的示例性可供选择的砧座;
图15示出了另外的示例性砧座检测组件的放大局部剖视图,其显示了具有弹簧加载销的套管针;
图16A示出了示例性外科器械的后剖视图,其显示了具有示出为处于第一位置的按钮的示例性锁定按钮组件;
图16B示出了图16A的外科器械的后剖视图,其显示了凸轮运动至第二位置的按钮;
图16C示出了图16A的外科器械的后剖视图,其显示了致动到第三位置的按钮;
图17示出了图16A的外科器械的侧正视图,其中主体的一部分被移除;
图18A示出了具有可供选择的示例性锁定按钮组件的示例性外科器械的后剖视图,该锁定按钮组件具有示出为处于第一位置的按钮;
图18B示出了图18A的外科器械的后剖视图,其显示了凸轮运动至第二位置的按钮;
图18C示出了图18A的外科器械的后剖视图,其显示了旋转到第三位置的按钮;
图19A示出了又一个示例性锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,该锁定按钮组件具有示出为处于第一位置的按钮以及插入其中的砧座销;
图19B示出了图19A的锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,其显示了被移除的砧座销;
图19C示出了图19A的锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,其显示了致动到第二位置的按钮;
图19D示出了图19A的锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,其显示了旋转到第三位置的按钮;
图19E示出了图19A的锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,其显示了致动到第四位置的按钮;
图19F示出了图19A的锁定按钮组件的局部透视图,其显示了相对于处于第四位置的按钮致动的击发杆;
图20A示出了示例性外科器械的侧剖视图,该外科器械具有显示为处于第一位置的可供选择的锁定按钮组件;
图20B示出了显示为处于第二位置的图20A的可供选择的锁定按钮组件;
图20C示出了图20A的可供选择的锁定按钮组件,其显示了将枢转构件枢转的近端特征结构;
图21A示出了显示为处于锁定位置的示例性联锁安全组件的示意图;
图21B示出了显示为处于解锁位置的图21A的联锁安全组件的示意图;
图22示出了图21A的联锁安全组件的放大局部透视图,其显示了处于锁定位置的示例性砧座杆;并且
图23示出了图21A的联锁安全组件的放大局部透视图,其显示了处于锁定位置的示例性安全杠杆。
附图并非旨在以任何方式进行限制,并且可以预期本技术的各种实施例能够以多种其他方式来执行,包括那些未必在附图中示出的方式。并入本说明书中并构成其一部分的附图示出了本技术的若干方面,并与说明书一起用于解释本技术的原理;然而,应当理解,本技术不限于所示出的精确布置方式。
具体实施方式
本技术的某些例子的下述描述不应当用于限制其范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本技术的最佳方式之一的描述,本技术的其他例子、特征、方面、实施例和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。正如将会意识到的,本文所述的技术包括其他不同且明显的方面,这些都未脱离本技术。因此,附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性而非限制性的。
I.示例性圆形缝合外科器械的概述
图1-6示出了示例性圆形外科缝合器械10,其具有缝合头组件20、轴组件60和致动器柄部组件70,其中的每一个将在下文中更详细地描述。轴组件60从致动器柄部组件70朝远侧延伸,并且缝合头组件20联接到轴组件60的远端。简而言之,致动器柄部组件70能够操作以致动缝合头组件20的钉驱动器24,从而将多个钉66从缝合头组件20中驱动出来。钉66由附接在器械10的远端处的砧座40弯曲以形成完整的钉。因此,可使用器械10来缝合图2A-2C中示出的组织2。
在该例子中,器械10包括闭合系统和击发系统。闭合系统包括套管针38、套管针致动器39和旋转旋钮98。砧座40可联接到套管针38的远端。旋转旋钮98能够操作以相对于缝合头组件20纵向地平移套管针38,从而当砧座40联接到套管针38时平移砧座40以夹紧砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的组织。击发系统包括触发器74、触发器致动组件84、驱动器致动器64和钉驱动器24。钉驱动器24包括刀36,当钉驱动器24被纵向地致动时,所述刀能够切断组织。此外,钉66被定位在钉驱动器24的多个钉驱动构件30的远侧,使得当钉驱动器24被纵向地致动时钉驱动器24还朝远侧驱动钉66。因此,当触发器74被致动并且触发器致动组件84经由驱动器致动器64致动钉驱动器24时,刀36和构件30基本上同时切断组织2并且相对于缝合头组件20朝远侧驱动钉66进入组织。现在将更详细地描述闭合系统和击发系统的部件和功能。
A.示例性砧座
如图1-2C所示,砧座40可选择性地联接到器械10以提供这样的表面:钉66可抵靠该表面而弯曲以缝合容纳在缝合头组件20与砧座40之间的材料。该例子的砧座40可选择性地联接到相对于缝合头组件20朝远侧延伸的套管针或尖杆38。参见图2A-2C,砧座40经由砧座40的近侧轴42的联接可选择性地联接到套管针38的远侧末端。砧座40包括大致圆形的砧座头48以及从砧座头48朝近侧延伸的近侧轴42。在示出的例子中,近侧轴42包括管状构件44,该管状构件具有弹性偏置保持夹46以选择性地将砧座40联接到套管针38,虽然这仅为可选的,但是应当理解还可使用其他用于将砧座40联接到套管针38的保持特征结构。例如,可使用C形夹、夹钳、手术线、销、粘合剂等将砧座40联接到套管针38。此外,虽然砧座40被描述为可选择性地联接到套管针38,但是在一些型式中,近侧轴42可包括单向联接特征结构以使得砧座40一旦附接,砧座40便无法从套管针38移除。仅为示例性的单向特征结构包括倒钩、单向按扣、筒夹、箍、突片、束带等等。当然,参考本文的教导内容,用于将砧座40联接到套管针38的另一些其他构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,套管针38可替换为中空轴,并且近侧轴42可包括能够插入中空轴中的尖锐杆。
该例子的砧座头48包括形成于砧座头48的近侧面50中的多个钉成形凹坑52。因此,如图2C所示,当砧座40处于闭合位置并且钉66从缝合头组件20中被驱动出来进入钉成形凹坑52中时,钉66的腿部68被弯曲以形成完整的钉。应当理解,钉成形凹坑52仅为可选的,并且在一些型式中可以省略。
在砧座40作为独立部件的情况下,应当理解,砧座40在联接到缝合头组件20之前可被插入并且固定到组织2的一部分。仅以举例的方式,砧座40可被插入并且固定到组织2的第一管状部分,而器械10被插入并且固定到组织2的第二管状部分。例如,组织2的第一管状部分可缝合到砧座40的一部分或者围绕砧座40的一部分缝合,而组织2的第二管状部分可缝合到套管针38或者围绕套管针38缝合。
如图2A所示,砧座40然后联接到套管针38。该例子的套管针38显示处于最远侧致动位置。套管针38的此类延伸位置可在砧座40附接之前提供组织2可联接的更大区域。此外,套管针38的延伸位置还可提供砧座40与套管针38的更容易的附接。套管针38还包括渐缩的远侧末端。此类末端能够穿刺入组织和/或有助于砧座40插入到套管针38上,但是该渐缩的远侧末端仅为可选的。例如,在其他型式中,套管针38可具有钝的末端。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,套管针38可包括磁性部分(未示出),所述磁性部分可吸引砧座40朝向套管针38。当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座40和套管针38的另一些构型和布置方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
当砧座40联接到套管针38时,砧座40的近侧面与缝合头组件20的远侧面之间的距离限定间隙距离d。该例子的套管针38能够经由位于致动器柄部组件70的近端处的调节旋钮98而相对于缝合头组件20纵向平移,如将在下文更详细地进行描述。因此,当砧座40联接到套管针38时,调节旋钮98的旋转通过相对于缝合头组件20致动砧座40来扩大或减小间隙距离d。例如,如图2A-2B依次所示,砧座40被示为相对于致动器柄部组件70从初始打开位置朝近侧致动到闭合位置,从而减小间隙距离d以及待连接的组织2的两部分之间的距离。如图2C所示,一旦间隙距离d进入预定范围之内,缝合头组件20便可被击发以缝合并切断砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的组织2。缝合头组件20能够操作以通过使用者枢转致动器柄部组件70的触发器74来缝合并切断组织2,如将在下文更详细地进行描述。
如上所述,间隙距离d对应于砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的距离。当器械10被插入到患者体内时,该间隙距离d可能不容易看到。因此,示于图5-6的可运动指示器条110被设置为通过定位成与触发器74相对的指示器窗口120可见。指示器条110能够操作以响应于调节旋钮98的旋转而运动,使得指示器条110的位置代表间隙距离d。如图6所示,指示器窗口120还包括指示砧座间隙处于期望的操作范围(例如绿色区域或“绿区”)内的标尺130,以及在标尺130的每个末端处的对应的钉压缩表示。仅以举例的方式,如图6所示,第一钉图像132示出了大的钉高度,而第二钉图像134示出了小的钉高度。因此,使用者可经由指示器条110和标尺130来观察所联接的砧座40相对于缝合头组件20的位置。因此,使用者可随后经由调节旋钮98来调整砧座40的定位。
重新参见图2A-2C,使用者围绕管状构件44缝合组织2的一部分,使得砧座头48位于待缝合的组织2的一部分内。当组织2附接到砧座40时,保持夹46和管状构件44的一部分从组织2突起,使得使用者可将砧座40联接到套管针38。在组织2联接到套管针38和/或缝合头组件20的另一部分的情况下,使用者将砧座40附接到套管针38,并且朝向缝合头组件20朝近侧致动砧座40以减小间隙距离d。一旦器械10处于操作范围内,使用者然后便将组织2的末端缝合在一起,从而形成组织2的基本上邻接的管状部分。
砧座40可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容均以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
B.示例性缝合头组件
该例子的缝合头组件20联接到轴组件60的远端,并且包括容纳可滑动钉驱动器24的管状壳体22和容纳在钉凹坑32内的多个钉66。钉66和钉凹坑32以圆形阵列围绕管状壳体22设置。在该例子中,钉66和钉凹坑32被设置成一对同心的环形的钉排66和钉凹坑32。钉驱动器24能够操作以响应于致动器柄部组件70的触发器74的旋转而在管状壳体22内纵向地致动。如图2A-2C所示,钉驱动器24包括具有套管针开口26、中央凹槽28、以及围绕中央凹槽28周向地设置的多个构件30,并且相对于轴组件60朝远侧延伸的扩口圆柱形构件。每个构件30能够接触和接合钉凹坑32内的多个钉66的对应钉66。因此,当钉驱动器24相对于致动器柄部组件70朝远侧致动时,每个构件30将对应的钉66穿过形成于管状壳体22远端的钉孔34从其钉凹坑32中驱动出来。因为每个构件30从钉驱动器24延伸,所以多个钉66基本上同时被从缝合头组件20中驱动出来。当砧座40处于闭合位置时,钉66被驱动进入钉成形凹坑52以弯曲钉66的腿部68,从而缝合位于砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的材料。图3示出了一个仅为示例性的钉66,其由构件30驱动进入砧座40的钉成形凹坑32以弯曲腿部68。
钉驱动器24还包括圆柱形刀36,所述圆柱形刀与套管针开口26同轴并且从钉凹坑32插入。在该例子中,圆柱形刀36被设置在中央凹槽28内以利用钉驱动器24朝远侧平移。如上所述,当砧座40被固定到套管针38时,砧座头48提供表面,圆柱形刀36抵靠该表面切割容纳在砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的材料。在一些型式中,砧座头48可包括用于圆柱形刀36的凹槽(未示出)以有助于切割材料(例如,通过提供协作剪切边缘)。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,砧座头48可包括与圆柱形刀36错开的一个或多个相对的圆柱形刀(未示出),使得可提供剪刀型切割动作。参考本文的教导内容,另一些其他构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。因此,缝合头组件20能够操作以响应于通过致动器柄部组件70的致动而基本上同时缝合和切割组织2。
当然,缝合头组件20可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
如前文所述,钉驱动器24包括套管针开口26。套管针开口26能够允许套管针38相对于缝合头组件20和/或轴组件60纵向滑动。如图2A-2C所示,套管针38联接到套管针致动器39,使得套管针38可经由旋转旋钮98的旋转被纵向地致动,如将参考致动器柄部组件70在下文更详细地进行描述。在该例子中,套管针致动器39包括联接到套管针38的伸长的、相对刚性的轴,但是这仅为可选的。在一些型式中,致动器39可包括纵向刚性材料同时允许侧向弯曲,使得器械10的部分在使用期间可选择性地弯曲或弯折;或者器械10可包括预置的弯曲轴组件60。一种仅为示例性的材料是镍钛诺。当砧座40联接到套管针38时,套管针38和砧座40能够经由致动器39平移以调整砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的间隙距离d。参考本文的教导内容,用于致动器39纵向地致动套管针38的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
C.示例性轴组件
如图2A-2C所示,缝合头组件20和套管针38被定位在轴组件60的远端。该例子的轴组件60包括外部管状构件62和驱动器致动器64。外部管状构件62联接到缝合头组件20的管状壳体22和致动器柄部组件70的主体72,从而为其中的致动部件提供机械接地。驱动器致动器64的近端联接到致动器柄部组件70的触发器致动组件84,如下所述。驱动器致动器64的远端联接到钉驱动器24,使得触发器74的旋转纵向地致动钉驱动器24。如图2A-2C所示,驱动器致动器64包括具有开放纵向轴线的管状构件,使得联接到套管针38的致动器39可在驱动器致动器64内且相对于驱动器致动器64纵向地致动。当然,应当理解,参考本文的教导内容,可如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见地一样将其他部件设置在驱动器致动器64内。
轴组件60可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
D.示例性致动器柄部组件
现在参见图4A-5,致动器柄部组件70包括主体72、触发器74、锁定特征结构82、触发器致动组件84和套管针致动组件90。该例子的触发器74以能够枢转的方式安装到主体72,并且联接到触发器致动组件84,使得触发器74从未击发位置(示于图4A)到击发位置(示于图4B)的旋转致动上文所述的驱动器致动器64。弹簧78联接到主体72和触发器74以朝向未击发位置来偏置触发器74。锁定特征结构82是联接到主体72的可枢转构件。在第一、锁定位置中,锁定特征结构82向上枢转并且远离主体72,使得锁定特征结构82接合触发器74并且通过使用者来机械抵抗触发器74的致动。在第二、解锁位置中,例如图1和4B所示,锁定特征结构82向下枢转,使得触发器74可被使用者致动。因此,在锁定特征结构82处于第二位置的情况下,触发器74可接合触发器致动组件84以击发器械10。
如图4A-4B所示,该例子的触发器致动组件84包括与驱动器致动器64的近端接合的可滑动触发器滑架86。滑架86包括在滑架86近端上的一组突片88以保持并接合从触发器74延伸的一对触发器臂76。因此,当触发器74被枢转时,滑架86被纵向地致动并将纵向运动传递至驱动器致动器64。在示出的例子中,滑架86固定地联接到驱动器致动器64的近端,但是这仅为可选的。实际上,在一个仅为示例性的替代方案中,滑架86可仅邻接驱动器致动器64,同时远侧弹簧(未示出)相对于致动器柄部组件70朝近侧偏置驱动器致动器64。
触发器致动组件84可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
主体72还容纳套管针致动组件90,所述套管针致动组件能够响应于调节旋钮98的旋转而纵向地致动套管针38。如图4A-5最佳显示,该例子的套管针致动组件90包括调节旋钮98、沟槽状柄94和套管92。该例子的沟槽状柄94位于套管针致动器39的远端,但是应当理解,沟槽状柄94和套管针致动器39可以作为另外一种选择为接合以传递纵向运动的独立部件。调节旋钮98由主体72的近端可旋转地支撑,并且能够操作以经由内部突片(未示出)使与沟槽状柄94接合的套管92旋转。该例子的沟槽状柄94包括形成于沟槽状柄94的外表面中的连续的沟槽96。因此,当调节旋钮98旋转时,内部突片搭乘在沟槽96内,并且沟槽状柄94相对于套管92被纵向地致动。由于沟槽状柄94位于套管针致动器39的远端处,因此沿第一方向旋转调节旋钮98将相对于致动器柄部组件70朝远侧推进套管针致动器39。因此,砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的间隙距离d增加。通过在相反的方向上旋转调节旋钮98,套管针致动器39相对于致动器柄部组件70被朝近侧致动,以减小砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的间隙距离d。因此,套管针致动组件90能够操作以响应于旋转调节旋钮98而致动套管针38。当然,参考本文的教导内容,套管针致动组件90的其他构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
该例子的沟槽96包括多个不同部分96A,96B,96C,所述不同部分每轴向距离具有不同的节距或不同数目的沟槽。本发明的沟槽96被分成远侧部分96A、中间部分96B和近侧部分96C。如图5所示,远侧部分96A包括细节距或在沟槽状柄94的短的轴向距离上的很多沟槽,使得需要调节旋钮98的大量旋转来横穿短的轴向距离。中间部分96B包括每轴向距离具有相比之下较粗节距或较少沟槽的部分,使得需要相对较少的旋转来横穿长的轴向距离。因此,间隙距离d可通过调节旋钮98相对较少的旋转而快速减小。该例子的近侧部分96C基本上类似于远侧部分96A,并且包括细节距或在沟槽状柄94的短的轴向距离上的很多沟槽,使得需要大量旋转来横穿短的轴向距离。当砧座40基本上靠近缝合头组件20时,该例子的近侧部分96C被定位在套管92内,使得指示器条110在指示器窗口120内沿着标尺130运动以指示砧座间隙处于期望的操作范围内,如将在下文进行更详细的描述。因此,当突片位于沟槽96的近侧部分96C内时,调节旋钮98的每次旋转可少量减小间隙距离d以提供微调。
套管针致动组件90可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
在示于图4A-4B的例子中,U形夹100附接到位于沟槽状柄94远侧的套管针致动器39的中间部分。U形夹100与主体72的一部分接合以基本上防止当调节旋钮98旋转时套管针致动器39围绕其轴线旋转。U形夹100还包括在其相对侧的每一侧上的用于容纳附接构件(例如螺钉、螺桩、销、夹子等)的伸长狭槽102,从而出于相对于标尺130校准指示器条110的目的而相对于套管针致动器39选择性地调整U形夹100的伸长狭槽102的纵向位置。
如图5所示,致动器柄部组件70还包括能够接合并枢转指示器104的指示器托架140。该例子的指示器托架140可相对于主体72并沿着形成于主体72上的一对狭槽滑动。指示器托架140包括矩形板144、指示器臂146和成角度法兰142。成角度法兰142形成在矩形板144的近端处,并且包括孔(未示出)以可滑动地安装到套管针致动器39和/或沟槽状柄94上。螺旋弹簧150插入法兰142与凸台152之间,以便抵靠U形夹100来偏置法兰142。因此,当U形夹100利用套管针致动器39和/或沟槽状柄94朝远侧致动时,螺旋弹簧150推动指示器托架140与U形夹100一起朝远侧行进。此外,当套管针致动器39和/或沟槽状柄94朝近侧平移时,U形夹100将指示器托架140相对于凸台152朝近侧推动,从而压缩螺旋弹簧150。当然,应当理解,在一些型式中,指示器托架140可固定地附接到套管针致动器39和/或沟槽状柄94。
在该例子中,当指示器托架140处于不对应于当砧座间隙在期望的操作范围(例如绿色区域或“绿区”)内的纵向位置时,锁定特征结构82的一部分邻接指示器托架140的表面141。当砧座间隙在期望的操作范围(例如绿色区域或“绿区”)内时,指示器托架140变窄以在指示器臂146的任一侧上提供一对间隙145,该指示器臂允许锁定特征结构82枢转,从而释放触发器74。因此,锁定特征结构82和指示器托架140可基本上防止使用者释放和操作触发器74,直至砧座40处于预定操作范围内。当然,应当理解,锁定特征结构82在一些型式中可以全部省去。
如上文所简要描述的,该操作范围可经由抵靠标尺130所示的指示器104的指示器条110从视觉上传达给使用者。朝远侧突出的指示器臂146在指示器托架140的远端处,该指示器臂端接在侧向突出的指状件148处以用于控制指示器104的运动。如图5最佳显示,指示器臂146和指状件148能够接合指示器104的突片106,使得当指示器托架140被纵向地致动时指示器104被枢转。在该例子中,指示器104在指示器104的第一末端处以能够枢转的方式联接到主体72,但是这仅为可选的,并且参考本文的教导内容,指示器104的其他枢转点对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。指示器条110被定位在指示器104的第二末端上,使得指示器条110响应于指示器托架140的致动而运动。因此,如上所述,指示器条110通过指示器窗口120抵靠标尺130(示于图6中)而显示,以示出砧座40与缝合头组件20之间的相对间隙距离d。
当然,指示器托架140、指示器104和/或致动器柄部组件70可根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104、美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文;和/或参考本文的教导内容,根据对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他构型来进一步构造。
II.示例性砧座检测特征结构、指示器特征结构和锁定特征结构
在一些情况下,使用者可能期望检测砧座40何时充分地联接到套管针38。这种检测能够确认砧座40适当地联接到套管针38,使得当器械10被击发时砧座40不会相对于钉驱动器24朝远侧运动。用于这种检测的指示器可通过传感指示器组件(如,视觉、听觉、触觉等)和/或通过用于防止触发器74能够被使用者致动的触发器锁定组件来提供。因此,使用者可以能够在击发器械10之前确定砧座40是否适当地附接或完全坐置在套管针38上,或者在一些情况下,器械10将防止使用者击发直至砧座40被适当地附接。因此,现将在下文中描述各种砧座检测组件、指示器组件和触发器锁定组件。
A.示例性砧座存在杆
图7示出了包括结合到示例性套管针220的示例性砧座存在杆230的外科器械200。在该例子中,外科器械200包括主体202、触发器204、锁定特征结构210、调节旋钮216、套管针220和砧座存在杆230。主体202、触发器204、锁定特征结构210、调节旋钮216和套管针220可基本上根据上述的主体72、触发器74、锁定特征结构82、调节旋钮98和套管针38来构造。外科器械200可基本上根据上述外科器械10来进一步构造,或者根据至少一些以下专利的教导内容来进一步构造:美国专利No.5,205,459、美国专利No.5,271,544、美国专利No.5,275,322、美国专利No.5,285,945、美国专利No.5,292,053、美国专利No.5,333,773、美国专利No.5,350,104和/或美国专利No.5,533,661,所述专利的公开内容均以引用的方式并入本文。
在该例子中,套管针220包括能够在其中可滑动地接收砧座存在杆230的中心杆管222。砧座存在杆230包括可在套管针220的杆管222内滑动并且延伸到穿过调节旋钮216形成的孔218中的纵向刚性杆构件。如图7中所示,砧座存在杆230定位在未致动位置。当砧座(例如图1-6中示出的砧座40)插入到套管针220上时,砧座存在杆230相对于套管针220朝近侧滑动,从而将砧座存在杆230朝近侧运动至致动位置。砧座存在杆230的这种近侧运动可用于与器械200的指示砧座何时适当地坐置在套管针220上的部件机械地相互作用或机械地释放器械200的这种部件。
在该例子中,砧座存在杆230包括近端232,当砧座存在杆相对于套管针220朝近侧滑动时,该近端232穿过形成于调节旋钮216中的孔218伸出。该近端232可以包括用于可视地指示砧座存在杆230的位置的一个或多个区域和/或标记234。仅以举例的方式,这种标记234可包括多种颜色(如,红色、黄色、绿色)和/或符号(如,数字、字母等)以指示砧座存在杆230的纵向位置。在示出的例子中,标记234包括与红色234A、黄色234B和绿色234C对应的三个区域234A,234B,234C。使用者可使用标记234来检测砧座存在杆230是否已被充分致动,从而指示砧座适当地坐置在套管针220上。例如,绿色标记部分234C可与砧座已充分地联接到套管针220的时段相对应,该充分联接使得当击发器械200时砧座将不脱离。可提供该例子的黄色标记部分234B,以向使用者指示砧座存在杆230已相对于套管针220朝近侧致动,但砧座尚未完全坐置在套管针220上。在一个替代方案中,可仅提供单个标记(例如绿色部分234C)以指示与砧座已充分联接到套管针220的时段相对应的位置。当然,应当理解,标记234和/或近端232从调节旋钮216的孔218中伸出仅是可选的。
此外,该例子的砧座存在杆230通过设置在套管针220的一部分内的螺旋弹簧240朝远侧偏置。因此,当没有物体将砧座存在杆230相对于套管针220朝近侧致动时,螺旋弹簧240将砧座存在杆230的远端从杆管222的远端中推动出来。如果使用者尝试将砧座联接到套管针220并且砧座未适当地坐置在套管针220上,则由螺旋弹簧240提供的远侧偏置将使砧座从套管针220弹离。因此,砧座存在杆230可从物理上并可视地向使用者提供砧座未适当地坐置在套管针220上的指示。要向砧座存在杆230提供远侧偏置,则诸如通过邻接突片、在一端处固定地联接和/或其他方式将螺旋弹簧240联接到砧座存在杆230的一部分。在一些型式中,砧座存在杆230的近端232可能不延伸穿过调节旋钮216的孔218,而是邻接螺旋弹簧240以提供远侧偏置。图7中示出的远侧突片或扩口部分236防止砧座存在杆230由于螺旋弹簧240所提供的远侧偏置而朝远侧弹出套管针220,然而这也仅是可选的。
虽然视觉指示器可通过近端232和/或标记234提供,但是在一些型式中,可能需要在砧座适当地坐置在套管针220上之前基本上防止触发器204被使用者致动的特征结构。在该例子中,锁定特征结构210包括具有腿部212的可枢转构件,当砧座存在杆230处于图7中所示的未致动位置时,该腿部212邻接砧座存在杆230的突起238。突起238穿过形成于套管针220中的狭槽224向外延伸,使得当砧座存在杆230相对于套管针220朝近侧致动时,突起238可沿着狭槽224纵向滑动。该例子的突起238的纵向长度与砧座存在杆230所行进的纵向距离相对应以指示砧座适当地联接到套管针220。因此,当砧座适当联接时,突起238不再邻接锁定特征结构210的腿部212。然后,使用者枢转锁定特征结构210以将触发器204解锁,并允许操作触发器204以击发器械200。突起238和锁定特征结构210的组合可在砧座未适当地联接到套管针220时基本上防止使用者击发器械10。在一些型式中,腿部212可与触发器204一体形成,或者以其他方式连接到触发器204。在一些这样的型式中,锁定特征结构210可以省去。当然,参考本文的教导内容,用于防止锁定特征结构210在将砧座存在杆230致动到致动位置之前枢转的其他组件对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
B.示例性弹性偏置砧座检测特征结构
图8示出了可结合到外科器械(例如上述外科器械10,200)的可供选择的砧座检测组件300。在示出的例子中,砧座检测组件300包括从套管针302向外延伸的铰接突片310。套管针302可根据上述套管针38,220的至少一些教导内容进行构造。如该例子中所示,弹簧312将突片310从套管针302向外偏置,然而这仅是任选的。例如,在一个替代方案中,弹簧312可以省去,并且突片310可与套管针302一体形成,使得突片310为弹性偏置突片。此外,虽然示出了单个突片310,但是应当理解,可将多个突片310围绕套管针302定位。当突片310从套管针302延伸离开时,该例子的突片310机械地妨碍钉驱动器308,从而基本上防止钉驱动器308相对于套管针302朝远侧致动。因此,使用者可经由操作触发器(例如上述触发器74)防止在突片310被按压抵靠套管针302或被压进套管针302之前将钉驱动器308击发。
在示出的例子中,砧座340包括砧座头342和中空轴344。砧座340可根据上述砧座40的至少一些教导内容来进一步构造。中空轴344包括能够在套管针302上滑动并且选择性地将砧座340联接到套管针302的圆柱形管。在示出的例子中,中空轴344包括止动器346,该止动器346接合套管针302的凹陷304以选择性地将砧座340固定到套管针302。当然,参考本文的教导内容,用于选择性地将砧座340联接到套管针302的其他联接组件对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。当中空轴344在套管针302上滑动时,中空轴344将突片310抵靠套管针302压缩,从而在使用者操作器械时允许钉驱动器308相对于套管针302和/或砧座340朝远侧致动。在示出的例子中,当砧座340完全坐置在套管针302上时,中空轴344的长度使得中空轴344仅与突片310接合。本发明的组件因而可在除砧座340适当地联接到套管针302之外的情况下防止使用者击发装置。当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座340、突片310和/或套管针302的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
除此之外或作为另外一种选择,突片310可与致动器柄部组件中的锁定特征结构机械地相联。仅以举例的方式,突片310可包括凸轮表面,该凸轮表面在突片310抵靠套管针302压缩时能够操作以致动杆(例如上述的砧座存在杆230)。该例子的杆可包括突起(例如突起238),该突起根据杆的纵向位置选择性地妨碍锁定特征结构的释放。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,杆可包括近端(例如近端232),该近端从外科器械的近端突起以向使用者提供视觉反馈。当然,参考本文的教导内容,突片310可与对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的其他锁定特征结构和/或视觉指示器机械地相联。在另一个替代方案中,突片310可被定位成使得套管针302不能经由调节旋钮从延伸位置相对于钉驱动器308朝近侧致动。例如,突片310可被定位成在套管针302处于延伸位置的同时邻接钉驱动器308。因此,如果使用者尝试经由调节旋钮将套管针302朝近侧致动,则突片310抵抗所述近侧致动并提供突片310尚未通过砧座340的轴344的附接而被压下的触觉反馈。如上所述,如果套管针302由于突片310的妨碍而不可朝近侧致动,则在器械(例如器械10)中,由于指示器托架140的位置,使用者可能无法枢转锁定特征结构82以释放触发器74。因此,当突片310延伸时,可以基本上防止使用者击发器械。当然,参考本文的教导内容,结合了突片310的另一些构型和组件对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图9A-9C示出了包括具有一对弹簧夹420的套管针410的可供选择的砧座检测组件400。在示出的例子中,弹簧夹420容纳在形成于套管针410中的狭槽412内。如图9A中所示,弹簧夹420从套管针410向外偏置,使得近端422从套管针410侧向延伸。仅以举例的方式,弹簧夹420在枢转点424处联接到套管针410,并且弹簧(未示出)插入弹簧夹420之间以将弹簧夹偏置远离彼此。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,弹簧夹420可包括偏置远离枢转点424的弹性偏置构件。在图9A示出的例子中,当弹簧夹420侧向延伸时,由于近端422接合套管针开口416而防止套管针410朝近侧致动。因此,如果砧座440(图9C中示出)未联接到套管针410,则防止了套管针410相对于钉驱动器430朝近侧致动。如果使用者期望在没有附接砧座440的情况下将套管针410相对于钉驱动器430朝近侧致动,则使用者必须将弹簧夹420挤压在一起以允许回缩。
如图9B中所示,当砧座440(图9C中示出)未联接到套管针410并且套管针410相对于钉驱动器430朝近侧回缩时,弹簧夹420接合形成于钉驱动器430中的凹口432。参考本文的教导内容,如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的,插入到凹口432中的弹簧夹420基本上防止钉驱动器430相对于套管针410朝远侧致动。因此,如果砧座440未联接到套管针410,则弹簧夹420提供锁定机构以防止器械击发。最后,如图9C中所示,当砧座440联接到套管针410时,砧座轴442使弹簧夹420向内作凸轮运动,使得近端422不接合凹口432。因此,钉驱动器430可相对于套管针410朝远侧致动以击发器械。参考本文的教导内容,砧座检测组件400和/或弹簧夹420的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
C.示例性磁性砧座检测组件
图10A-10B示出了可结合到外科器械(例如上述外科器械10)的可供选择的砧座检测组件500。首先参见图10A,套管针510和钉驱动器520从致动器柄部组件(未示出)朝远侧延伸。套管针510和钉驱动器520可根据本文所述的套管针38和钉驱动器24的至少一些教导内容进行构造。一对弹性构件530也从致动器柄部组件朝远侧延伸并远离套管针510向外偏置。弹性构件530的近端(未示出)联接到致动器柄部组件的一部分,以成为弹性构件530的机械基础。例如,弹性构件530可与致动器柄部组件的主体一体形成或经由附接构件(例如螺钉、螺桩、粘合剂等)机械地联接。在一些型式中,弹性构件530的近端可联接到套管针510。在另一些型式中,弹性构件530的近端可以联接到钉驱动器520。当然,参考本文的教导内容,在弹性构件530的近端处将它们联接的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
弹性构件530各自包括具有锁定臂532和磁体534的伸长构件。参考本文的教导内容,如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的,磁体534可以是亚铁磁体、钕磁体、钐-钴磁体,或任何其他合适的磁体534。每个锁定臂532从相应的弹性构件530的纵向轴线向外延伸。在示出的例子中,每个锁定臂532垂直于相应的弹性构件530的纵向轴线,使得每个锁定臂532能够机械地妨碍钉驱动器520相对于弹性构件530和/或套管针510的远侧致动。因此,当弹性臂530处于例如图10A中所示的锁定位置时,基本上防止了钉驱动器520被锁定臂532朝远侧致动。虽然仅示出了一对弹性构件530,但是应当理解,可以使用任意数量的弹性构件530来限制钉驱动器520的远侧致动。例如,可将1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个弹性构件530围绕套管针510设置,并且它们能够妨碍钉驱动器520的远侧致动。
图10B示出了砧座检测组件500的互补砧座540。砧座540包括砧座头542和轴544。砧座540可根据本文所述砧座40的至少一些教导内容来进一步构造。该例子的轴544能够选择性地将砧座540联接到套管针510。仅以举例的方式,轴544可包括止动器546,该止动器546能够与套管针510的凹陷512(图10A中示出)接合,以选择性地将砧座540联接到套管针510。轴544还包括沿着轴544的纵向长度定位的磁性部分548。磁性部分548可以包括嵌入在轴544中的单个环形磁体或设置在轴544内的多个磁体。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,磁性部分548可能不嵌入在轴544内,但是可以联接到轴544的外表面或内表面。此外,参考本文的教导内容,如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的,磁性部分548可包括一个或多个亚铁磁体、钕磁体、钐-钴磁体,和/或任何其他合适的磁体。在该例子中,仅当砧座540完全坐置在套管针510上时,磁性部分548才被纵向定位成与弹性臂530的磁体534对齐。
如图10B中所示,当砧座540完全坐置时,磁性部分548吸引磁体534,使得弹性臂530朝着轴544和/或套管针510向内弯曲。因此,锁定臂532不再机械地妨碍钉驱动器520,从而允许钉驱动器520纵向致动,以便容许使用者击发器械。在一个仅为示例性的替代方案中,弹性臂530可省去磁体534并且可取而代之由亚铁材料构造,使得磁性部分548将弹性臂530向内吸引。在该构型中,弹性臂530的弹簧常数可被设置成使得仅当砧座540完全坐置在套管针510上时,锁定臂532才不再阻碍钉驱动器520的远侧运动。仅以举例的方式,随着砧座540附接到套管针510,弹性臂530由于磁性部分548有磁性地吸引该材料而开始向内弯曲。仅当砧座540完全坐置在套管针510上时,来自磁性部分548的对弹性臂530的吸引力才会使弹性臂530移动,使得锁定臂532不再阻碍钉驱动器520的纵向致动。在一些型式中,弹性臂530可包括磁体534,而轴544的磁性部分548被省去。当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座检测组件500的另一些其他构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
D.示例性外轴砧座检测特征结构
图11-12示出了用于外科器械600的另一种砧座检测组件620,所述砧座检测组件包括围绕套管针602以能够滑动的方式设置的砧座感测管622。如图11中所示,砧座感测管620朝近侧延伸进致动器柄部组件610中。该例子的致动器柄部组件610包括可相对于主体612枢转的触发器614。触发器614包括从触发器614的枢转点向外延伸的臂或特征结构616,使得臂616与触发器614一起枢转。在一些型式中,可提供一对臂616,例如上述的触发器臂76。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,臂616可以是与触发器臂76不同的单独特征结构。器械600、套管针602和/或致动器柄部组件610可根据上述器械10、套管针38和/或致动器柄部组件70的至少一些教导内容来进一步构造。
该例子的砧座感测管622包括围绕套管针602同轴地设置的管状构件,但是应当理解,这仅是可选的。在一些型式中,砧座感测管622可包括沿着套管针602的侧面延伸的纵向杆,或者砧座感测管622可包括部分地围绕套管针602的一部分的U形构件。参考本文的教导内容,砧座感测管622的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。图11中示出的砧座感测管622包括形成于砧座感测管622的近侧部分中的凹口624。因此,当砧座感测管622处于未致动位置(例如图11中所示的位置)时,凹口624不与臂616对齐。相反,臂616邻接砧座感测管622的一部分,使得触发器614不能相对于主体612被枢转。如将在下文更详细地讨论,当砧座感测管622相对于套管针602朝近侧致动到致动位置时,凹口624与臂616对齐,使得触发器614可相对于主体612枢转。将弹簧628联接到砧座感测管622的近端,用于将砧座感测管622相对于致动器柄部组件610朝远侧偏置。
在该例子中,将凹口624的纵向位置定位成使得仅当砧座630完全坐置在套管针602上并且套管针602朝近侧致动到上述“绿区”中时,臂616才与凹口624对齐。“绿区”指示砧座间隙或砧座头(未示出)与钉驱动器604之间的距离处于期望的操作范围内。如果砧座630并未完全坐置在套管针602上,那么弹簧628将砧座630弹离套管针602,如将在下文更详细地讨论。如果砧座630完全坐置在套管针602上并且凹口624与臂616对齐,那么使用者可以操作触发器614以击发器械600。当然,凹口624可具有在砧座感测管622上的其他纵向位置。参考本文的教导内容,砧座感测管622和/或致动器柄部组件610的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
现在参见图12,砧座感测管622被示出为设置在套管针602与钉驱动器604之间。砧座感测管622包括在远端626处的配合表面628,其能够接合砧座630的环形架640。该例子的砧座630包括砧座头(未示出)、轴634、形成于轴634上的环形架640,以及联接特征结构(未示出)。砧座630可根据本文所述砧座40的至少一些教导内容来进一步构造。当砧座630被推动到套管针602上时,环形架640接合配合表面628,以便将砧座感测管622相对于套管针602和/或钉驱动器604朝近侧致动。砧座630的联接特征结构选择性地将砧座630联接到套管针602。仅以举例的方式,联接特征结构可包括形成于轴634上的止动器(未示出),其与套管针602的凹陷603接合。在该例子中,如果砧座630完全坐置在套管针602上(即,通过联接特征结构选择性地联接在一起),那么弹簧628不将砧座630弹出。如果砧座630并未完全坐置在套管针602上(即,联接特征结构未将砧座630接合并固定到套管针602),那么弹簧628将砧座630弹出。虽然该例子的砧座630的弹出在砧座630初始联接到套管针602时发生,但是应当理解,在其他型式中,砧座630的弹出可在套管针602经由调节旋钮朝近侧致动时发生。在这种替代型式中,当套管针602经由旋转旋钮朝近侧致动时,环形架640接合配合表面628。当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座630和/或砧座感测管622的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
在该例子中,在套管针602和砧座630朝近侧致动到上述“绿区”中之前,凹口624不与臂616对齐。在该型式中,在砧座630完全坐置并定位在“绿区”中之前,触发器614被“锁定”。在其他型式中,当砧座630最初完全坐置在套管针602上时,凹口624可以与触发器614的臂616对齐。在该型式中,在经由旋转旋钮将套管针602和砧座630朝近侧致动之前,使用者可部分地枢转触发器614以确定砧座630已完全坐置在套管针602上。因此,可向使用者提供一种形式的指示砧座630已完全坐置在套管针602上的触觉反馈。当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座感测管622和/或环形架640的另一些型式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
例如,在图13中示出的例子中,可供选择的砧座感测管722被示出为具有杯状物724,该杯状物724能够接收砧座630的环形架640并且引导该环形架与砧座感测管722的配合表面728接合。砧座感测管722可根据上述砧座感测管622来进一步构造。因此,当环形轴640接合配合表面728时,砧座感测管722能够允许触发器(例如触发器614)被操作,从而击发器械。虽然示出的例子包括环形架640,但是在其他型式中,杯状物724可以能够与省去了环形架640的轴634配合。
图14示出了可用于接合砧座感测管622,722的可供选择的砧座800。砧座800包括砧座头(未示出)、轴802,以及一对从轴802向外延伸的桩810。该例子的轴802包括夹头,该夹头能够安装在套管针820的扩口部分822上并且选择性地联接到套管针820的扩口部分822。在一些型式中,轴802可以包括磁性构件804,以便朝着套管针820被磁性引导。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,套管针820和/或扩口部分822可以包括磁性构件824以将轴802引导到套管针820上。桩810能够以基本上类似于环形架640的方式来与配合表面628,728接合。因此,当轴802联接到套管针820并且桩810与配合表面628,728接合时,砧座800和套管针820可以经由调节旋钮被朝近侧致动,使得砧座感测管622,722接合和/或脱离锁定特征结构(例如上述臂616和凹口624)。在一些型式中,配合表面628,728可包括凹陷部分(未示出),使得桩810卡合到凹陷部分以选择性地将砧座800固定到砧座感测管622,722。
在另外的型式中,图15示出了具有弹簧加载销852的可供选择的套管针850,该弹簧加载销852抵靠砧座感测管860向外偏置。该例子的砧座感测管860可根据上述砧座感测管622,722的至少一些教导内容来构造。该例子的砧座870包括具有一对开口874的轴872,当轴872被推动到套管针850上时,销860弹进所述一对开口874中。因此,当砧座870插入到套管针850上时,轴872接合砧座感测管860并且将砧座感测管860相对于套管针850朝近侧推动。一旦轴872已将砧座感测管860朝近侧致动预定距离,销852便弹进开口874中,从而将轴872固定到套管针850。
当然,参考本文的教导内容,砧座630,800,870、砧座感测管622,722和/或套管针602,820,850的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
E.示例性锁定特征结构
虽然前述例子已展示了各种砧座检测组件,但是对于前述组件而言可能优选的是接合一个或多个锁定特征结构以释放触发器74,从而击发器械10。例如,在一些型式中,对于砧座检测特征结构而言可能优选的是弹出必须被使用者按下或操作的锁定按钮以释放触发器74,从而在砧座40适当地联接到套管针38并且锁定按钮被使用者操作之前防止器械10被击发。作为另外一种选择,对于砧座检测组件而言可能优选的是释放指示器并且释放锁定特征结构82,使得指示器可视地指示砧座40已完全坐置在套管针38上并且锁定特征结构可脱离以操作触发器74。因此,应当理解,以下例子可以与一个或多个前述砧座检测组件结合,和/或参考本文的教导内容与如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的任何其他砧座检测组件结合。
i.具有三位按钮的示例性锁定按钮组件
图16A-17示出了具有示例性锁定按钮组件950的示例性外科器械900。首先参见图16A,锁定按钮组件950包括纵向延伸到致动器柄部组件930中以接合按钮970的砧座感测轴960。砧座感测轴960包括具有成倾斜角度的凸轮表面964的近端962,该凸轮表面964能够接合按钮970。砧座感测轴960可根据本文所述砧座感测管622的教导内容来进一步构造,但是应当理解,除砧座感测轴960之外或作为另外一种选择,可以使用任何前述砧座检测组件。该例子的致动器柄部组件930包括主体938,该主体938具有第一侧向孔940(在图17中以虚线显示)、第二侧向孔942、第一通道944(在图17中以虚线显示)、第二通道946以及竖直狭槽948。按钮970包括内部构件972、中间构件974、中间轮轴976和外部构件978。在该例子中,第一侧向孔940的尺寸被设定成允许按钮970的中间构件974从其中穿过。第二侧向孔942的尺寸被设定成允许外部构件978从其中穿过,但是其尺寸被设定成不允许中间构件974从其中穿过。第一通道944能够允许内部构件972沿着第一通道944被竖直地致动。第二通道946能够允许中间轮轴976沿着第二通道946被竖直地致动。最后,竖直狭槽948能够允许中间构件974在其中被竖直地致动。当然,参考本文的教导内容,按钮970和/或主体938的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
参见图16A和17,按钮970被初始定位成使得内部构件972机械地妨碍触发器932的致动。在示出的例子中,按钮970被定位成使得从触发器932延伸的突起934邻接内部构件972,以防止使用者枢转触发器932。如图16A中所示,中间构件974位于第一侧向孔940内,并且外部构件978位于第二侧向孔942内,从而形成基本上齐平的主体938外表面。如图16B中所示,当砧座感测轴960经由砧座(例如砧座40)的附接而朝近侧致动时,凸轮表面964接合内部构件972,以使按钮970向外作凸轮运动。当按钮970向外作凸轮运动时,外部构件978从第二侧向孔942向外延伸,中间轮轴976基本上与第二通道946对齐,中间构件974进入到竖直狭槽948中,并且内部构件972基本上与第一通道944对齐。如图16B中所示,外部构件978(经由从主体938突起)提供这样的视觉指示:砧座感测轴960已相对于致动器柄部组件930朝近侧致动,并且砧座完全坐置在套管针上。在该位置中,内部构件972仍然机械地妨碍触发器932的致动。在该例子中,当砧座初始联接到套管针时,按钮970通过砧座感测轴960被向外致动到图16B中所示的位置。一旦砧座联接,使用者就可以经由调节旋钮(例如上述调节旋钮98)来减小砧座间隙。一旦装置位于期望的操作范围或“绿区”内,使用者便可以通过沿着主体938的外表面滑动外部构件978来向下致动按钮970。在该例子中,中间轮轴976在第二通道946内滑动,中间构件974在竖直狭槽948内滑动,并且内部构件972沿着第一通道944滑动。因此,如图16C中所示,内部构件972被致动到使得触发器932的突起934不再被内部构件972阻碍的位置。使用者随后可击发器械900。虽然前述例子已参考竖直锁定按钮组件950进行了描述,但是应当理解,可以使用组件950的其他取向,例如纵向和/或任何其他角度。此外,虽然前述例子已参考线性运动对致动锁定按钮组件950进行了描述,但是应当理解,还可以使用用于致动外部构件978的其他取向,包括旋转。
在一些型式中,当砧座和套管针经由调节旋钮朝近侧致动时,按钮970经由砧座感测轴960作凸轮运动。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,除非砧座和套管针位于“绿区”内,否则可以提供锁定特征结构(例如上述锁定特征结构82)来将触发器932锁定,从而提供第二锁定组件。在又一种构型中,内部构件972可被配置成使得当按钮970经由砧座感测轴960向外作凸轮运动时,内部构件972不再妨碍触发器932的突起934。在该构型中,通道944,946、竖直狭槽948、中间构件974和/或中间轮轴976可以省去。此外,可将弹簧(未示出)插入中间构件974和/或内部构件972与主体938的一部分之间以向内偏置按钮970,使得除非砧座感测轴960使按钮970抵抗弹簧偏置作凸轮运动,否则按钮970不向外致动。使用者随后可击发器械900。当然,参考本文的教导内容,外科器械900和/或锁定按钮组件950的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
仅以举例的方式,图18A-18C示出了具有示例性锁定按钮组件1050的示例性外科器械1000。首先参见图18A,锁定按钮组件1050包括纵向延伸到致动器柄部组件1030中以接合按钮1070的砧座感测轴1060。砧座感测轴1060包括具有成倾斜角度的凸轮表面1064的近端1062,该凸轮表面能够接合按钮1070。砧座感测轴1060可根据本文所述砧座感测管622的教导内容来进一步构造,但是应当理解,除砧座感测轴1060之外或作为另外一种选择,可以使用任何前述砧座检测组件。该例子的致动器柄部组件1030包括具有孔1040的主体1038。按钮1070包括内部构件1072、位于内部构件1072上的桨叶特征结构1074,以及外部构件1076。在该例子中,孔1040的尺寸被设定成允许按钮1070的外部构件1076从其中穿过。当然,参考本文的教导内容,按钮1070和/或主体1038的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
参见图18A,按钮1070被初始定位成使得桨叶特征结构1074机械地妨碍触发器1032的致动。在示出的例子中,从触发器1032延伸的突起1034邻接桨叶特征结构1074以防止使用者枢转触发器1032,然而可以提供其他特征结构来防止使用者枢转触发器1032。如图18A中所示,外部构件1076位于主体1038的孔1040内,使得外部构件1076基本上与主体1038的外表面齐平。如图18B中所示,当砧座感测轴1060经由砧座(例如砧座40)的附接而朝近侧致动时,凸轮表面1064接合内部构件1072,以使按钮1070向外作凸轮运动至第二位置。当按钮1070向外作凸轮运动时,外部构件1076从孔1040向外延伸。因此,外部构件1076(通过从主体1038突起)提供这样的视觉指示:砧座感测轴1060已相对于致动器柄部组件1030朝近侧致动,并且砧座完全坐置在套管针上。一旦砧座联接,使用者就可以经由调节旋钮(例如上述调节旋钮98)来减小砧座间隙。在该阶段,桨叶特征结构1074继续防止触发器1032的致动。一旦砧座间隙位于期望的操作范围或“绿区”内,使用者便经由外部构件1076将按钮1070旋转到第三位置。如图18C中所示,在一种仅为示例性的型式中,使用者旋转按钮1070,使得桨叶特征结构1074相对于图18A中示出的初始位置以大约180度取向。因此,桨叶特征结构1074旋转到使得触发器1032的突起1034不再被桨叶特征结构1074阻碍的位置。使用者随后可击发器械900。
图19A-19F示出了具有示例性锁定按钮组件1150的又一个示例性外科器械1100。首先参见图19A,锁定按钮组件1150包括联接到砧座感测杆(未示出)的砧座感测销1160,该砧座感测杆纵向延伸到致动器柄部组件中以接合按钮1170。在该例子中,按钮1170包括内部1172、中间部分1176和外部1178。弹簧1180与内部1172相联并且将按钮1170相对于主体1138(图19A和19C中所示特征结构的切除部分,但是为了清除起见,在图19B和19D-F中省去)侧向偏置。在该例子中,按钮1170的外部1178初始定位在主体1138中的开口1139内,并且基本上与处于第一位置的主体1138的外部齐平。按钮1170的内部1172包括能够容纳砧座感测销1160的孔1174。当然,应当理解,孔1174可形成于中间部分1176和/或外部1178中,或者在一些型式中,孔可全部省去。该例子的中间部分1176包括由第一尺寸d1和第二尺寸d2限定的使得d2小于d1的矩形构件。中间部分1176将在下文进行更详细地描述。内部1172和外部1178被示出为具有基本上等于第一尺寸d1的直径的圆柱形构件,但是这仅是可选的,并且参考本文的教导内容,如对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的,内部1172和/或外部1178可具有其他形状和/或构型。
外科器械1100还包括具有阶梯式孔1142的击发连杆1140,该阶梯式孔穿过该击发连杆形成并且能够容纳按钮1170。击发连杆1140联接到触发器(未示出),并且能够操作以致动器械1100的钉驱动器(未示出)。在该例子中,阶梯式孔1142包括第一部分1144和具有阶梯1148的第二部分1146。第一部分1144的尺寸被设定成基本上等于第一尺寸d1,使得按钮1170的中间部分1176可穿过第一部分1144侧向地致动。第二部分1146位于第一部分1144的近侧,并且通过阶梯1148尺寸减小。第二部分1146的尺寸被设定成基本上等于中间部分1176的第二尺寸d2,使得当按钮1170旋转到图19D-19F中所示的第三位置时,击发连杆1140可相对于中间部分1176纵向地致动,这在下文进行更详细地描述。
如图19A中所示,首先将砧座感测销1160穿过内部1172的孔1174插入。在一些型式中,砧座感测销1160可仅部分地插入孔1174中,和/或孔1174不延伸穿过按钮1170的内部1172。在该第一位置中,砧座感测销1160防止弹簧1180将按钮1170侧向偏置,从而使外部1178穿过开口1139从主体1138突起。此外,中间部分1176被初始定位成使得中间构件1176定位在阶梯式孔1142的第一部分1144内,并且取向为使第一尺寸d1垂直于击发连杆1140的中心轴线沿着其延伸的竖直平面。如图19A中所示,由于阶梯1148邻接中间部分1176,所以中间部分1176妨碍击发连杆1140的远侧致动。
如图19B中所示,一旦砧座(例如上述砧座40)完全坐置,砧座感测销1160便相对于按钮1170朝远侧回缩以从孔1174脱离。弹簧1180将按钮1170相对于主体1138侧向推动(图19A中所示),使得外部1178穿过开口1139突起到图19C中所示的第二位置。此外,在按钮1170处于第二位置的情况下,内部1172定位在阶梯式孔1142的第一部分1144内,使得击发连杆1140不能相对于按钮1170被纵向致动。在一些型式中,弹簧1180可以省去,并且按钮1170可被手动地致动到第二位置。
如图19D中所示,在外部1178从主体1138突起从而暴露以便抓握的情况下,使用者例如通过将按钮1170旋转90度来将按钮1170旋转到第三位置,使得中间部分1176取向为使第二尺寸d2垂直于击发连杆1140的中心轴线沿着其延伸的竖直平面。在该位置中,内部1172仍定位在阶梯式孔1142的第一部分1144内,使得击发连杆1140不能相对于按钮1170被纵向致动。如图19E中所示,使用者随后将按钮1170致动到主体1138中,使得中间部分1176在阶梯式孔1142内对齐。如图所示,在中间部分1176旋转以使第二尺寸d2垂直于击发连杆1140的中心轴线沿着其延伸的竖直平面的情况下,由于阶梯1148和中间部分1176不再彼此邻接和接合,所以击发连杆1140随后可相对于按钮1170被纵向致动。因此,使用者随后可击发器械1100。当然,参考本文的教导内容,其他构型和/或组件对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
ii.具有掌上按钮的示例性锁定按钮组件
图20A-20C示出了具有示例性锁定按钮组件1250的示例性可供选择的外科器械1200。首先参见图20A,该例子的外科器械1200包括缝合头组件(未示出)、轴组件1220和致动器柄部组件1230。轴组件1220从致动器柄部组件1230朝远侧延伸,并且缝合头组件联接到轴组件1220的远端。简而言之,致动器柄部组件1230包括触发器1232,该触发器能够操作以致动缝合头组件的钉驱动器(未示出),从而将多个钉(未示出)从缝合头组件中驱动出来。通过砧座(例如砧座40)使钉弯曲以形成完成的钉,该砧座附接到从器械1200的远端中伸出的套管针。因此,可利用器械1200将组织缝合。缝合头组件、轴组件1220和致动器柄部组件1230可根据上述缝合头组件20、轴组件60和致动器柄部组件70来进一步构造。
在示出的例子中,该例子的锁定按钮组件1250包括砧座感测轴1260、掌上按钮1270和枢转构件1280。图20A示出了处于初始锁定位置的砧座感测轴1260、掌上按钮1270和枢转构件1280。在该位置中,枢转构件1280能够机械地妨碍锁定特征结构1234的枢转,使得触发器1232不能被致动。仅以举例的方式,枢转构件1280经由从枢转构件1280的远端1284向外延伸的臂1286机械地妨碍锁定特征结构1234。锁定特征结构1234可基本上根据本文所述的锁定特征结构82来构造。该例子中的掌上按钮1270与器械1200的外部基本上齐平,然而这仅是可选的,并且掌上按钮1270可相对于器械1200的外部嵌入或突起。砧座感测轴1260包括能够接合掌上按钮1270和枢转构件1280的近端特征结构1262。在图20A示出的初始位置中,近端特征结构1262从掌上按钮1270和枢转构件1280脱离。仅以举例的方式,近端特征结构1262可位于掌上按钮1270和枢转构件1280两者的远侧,使得在掌上按钮1270与枢转构件1280之间形成空间。因此,即便使用者尝试在该初始的锁定位置中朝着枢转构件1280向内致动掌上按钮1280,掌上按钮1270也不与枢转构件1280接合。枢转构件1280和臂1286因而保持在适当位置以机械地妨碍锁定特征结构1234。在一些型式中,枢转构件1280可包括弹簧(未示出)以将臂1282朝向妨碍锁定特征结构1234而偏置。
在该例子中,近端特征结构1262包括凸轮表面1264、按钮表面1266和杠杆臂1268。如图20B中所示,当砧座感测轴1260例如通过附接砧座并且将砧座和套管针调整进“绿区”而相对于致动器柄部组件1230朝近侧致动时,凸轮表面1264能够操作以接合掌上按钮1270并且使该掌上按钮向外作凸轮运动。掌上按钮1270因而可提供砧座已适当地附接并且装置处于操作范围内的视觉指示器。一旦掌上按钮1270向外作凸轮运动,掌上按钮1270的至少一部分便与按钮表面1266相邻,使得当掌上按钮1270被向内推动时掌上按钮1270可以接合按钮表面1266。此外,近端特征结构1262的杠杆臂1268与枢转构件1280的近端1282对齐。砧座感测轴1260可根据本文所述砧座感测管622的教导内容来进一步构造,但是应当理解,除砧座感测轴1260之外或作为另外一种选择,可以使用任何前述砧座检测组件。
如图20B中所示,当掌上按钮1270和近端特征结构1262对齐时,使用者向内按下掌上按钮1270,从而使杠杆臂1268与枢转构件1280的近端1282接合。因此,如图20C中所示,当杠杆臂1268围绕枢轴1281将枢转构件1280枢转了预定的量时,臂1286不再机械地妨碍锁定特征结构1234。使用者随后可枢转锁定特征结构1234以将触发器1232解锁,从而击发器械1200。虽然已描述了具有掌上按钮1270的锁定组件1250的一个仅为示例性的构型,但是参考本文的教导内容,另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,在一些型式中,近端特征结构1262省去了凸轮表面1264,并且掌上按钮1270不相对于器械1200的外部向外作凸轮运动。
iii.具有联锁组件的示例性锁定按钮组件
图21A-23示出了又一个示例性锁定按钮组件1300,其包括弹簧加载推杆1310、弹簧加载销1320和可枢转的锁定特征结构1340。图21A示出了显示处于初始位置或锁定位置并容纳在示例性外科器械(例如上述器械10)的主体1350内的弹簧加载推杆1310、弹簧加载销1320和可枢转的锁定特征结构1340。在该例子中,主体1350包括销孔1352,该销孔的尺寸被设定成允许销1320的外部1338延伸穿过其中。在一些型式中,销孔1352的尺寸可被设定成允许外部1338延伸穿过其中,但是该销孔具有比中间部分1332小的直径,从而仅允许外部1338突起穿过。当然,应当理解,销孔1352仅是可选的,并且在一些型式中可以省去。主体1350可根据上述主体72的至少一些教导内容来进一步构造。
首先参见弹簧加载推杆1310,推杆1310构成了外科器械内纵向延伸的伸长杆。弹簧1312接合推杆1310的近端以提供远侧偏置。仅以举例的方式,当砧座(例如砧座40)联接到套管针(例如套管针38)并且砧座和套管针均被致动到上述操作范围或“绿区”中时,推杆1310可以能够朝近侧致动。简略参见图22,推杆1310包括侧向孔1314和穿过推杆1310形成的纵向狭槽1316。在该例子中,侧向孔1314的尺寸被设定成允许销1320的中间部分1332穿过侧向孔1314。纵向狭槽1316的尺寸被设定成允许销1320的中间轮轴1334沿着纵向狭槽1316滑动。如图22中所示,销1320和推杆1310显示处于初始位置或锁定位置,此时推杆1310经由弹簧1312朝远侧致动,从而利用轮轴1334将销1320侧向地约束在狭槽1316内。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,推杆1310可根据本文所述砧座感测管622的教导内容来构造,但是应当理解,任何前述砧座检测组件都可结合到本发明的锁定按钮组件1300中。参考本文的教导内容,推杆1310的另一些其他构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图21A还示出了联接到弹簧1322以使得销1320朝着销孔1352侧向地偏置的销1320。销1320包括内部1324、内部轮轴1328、中间部分1332、中间轮轴1334以及外部1338。在该例子中,中间部分1332和外部1338的尺寸基本上相同,而内部1324包括放大部分1326。当然,应当理解,这仅是可选的。在一些型式中,内部1324、中间部分1332和外部1338的尺寸基本上都相同。在其他型式中,内部1324、中间部分1332和外部1338全部具有不同的尺寸和/或形状。因此,销1320的侧向致动可通过使内部1324、中间部分1332和外部1338具有不同的尺寸和/或形状来控制。内部轮轴1328将内部1324联接到中间部分1332,并且基本上小于内部1324和/或中间部分1332。在该例子中,轮轴1328能够允许锁定特征结构1340在轮轴1328搭乘在弓形狭槽1349内的同时被枢转,这将在下文进行更详细地描述。中间轮轴1334将中间部分1332联接到外部1338,并且基本上小于中间部分1332和/或外部1338。在该例子中,轮轴1334能够允许推杆1310在轮轴1334搭乘在纵向狭槽1316内的同时相对于轮轴1334朝近侧致动,如上所述。
该例子的锁定特征结构1340包括臂1342、枢转构件1344和主体1346。臂1342能够以基本上类似于上述锁定特征结构82的方式邻接触发器(未示出)。枢转构件1344能够联接到主体1350的一部分(例如凹槽),以允许锁定特征结构1340相对于主体1350枢转。主体1346包括具有孔1348和弓形狭槽1349的扇形或饼形部件。孔1348的尺寸被设定成允许销1320的中间部分1332穿过孔1348通过,但是不允许内部1324的放大部分1326穿过。弓形狭槽1349能够允许内部轮轴1328被滑动地容纳在弓形狭槽1349内。因此,当内部轮轴1328位于孔1348内时,诸如图21B中所示,锁定特征结构1340可发生枢转以使得弓形狭槽1349围绕内部轮轴1328滑动。因此,当锁定特征结构1340枢转时,臂1342不再阻碍触发器的致动,从而允许使用者击发器械。当锁定特征结构1340处于图21A和23所示的第一位置或锁定位置时,锁定特征结构1340防止触发器致动,并且通过由销1320的中间部分1332存在于孔1348内所提供的妨碍来防止锁定特征结构1340发生枢转。当然,参考本文的教导内容,锁定特征结构1340的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
现在参见图21A-21B中示出的序列,弹簧加载推杆1310、弹簧加载销1320和可枢转的锁定特征结构1340首先处于初始位置或锁定位置。在该位置中,锁定特征结构1340的臂1346抑制触发器的致动,并且由于中间部分1332存在于孔1348内而防止锁定特征结构1340发生枢转,并且由于中间部分1332邻接推杆1310并且不与侧向孔1314对齐而防止销1320经由弹簧1322被侧向致动。在示出的例子中,外部1338位于销孔1352内,并且与主体1350的外部齐平。当使用者将砧座(例如砧座40)附接到套管针(例如套管针38)时,砧座可以接合推杆1310的远端并且开始抵抗弹簧1312提供的偏置将推杆1310朝近侧致动。如前述例子中的一些所述,弹簧1312可以提供足够的远侧力,使得如果砧座未完全坐置,砧座便弹离套管针。随着砧座联接到套管针,纵向狭槽1316开始相对于中间轮轴1334朝近侧滑动,以使侧向孔1314运动至与中间部分1332更紧密地对齐。一旦砧座和套管针定位在操作范围或“绿区”内,侧向孔1314和中间部分1332便对齐。如图21B中所示,弹簧1322将销侧向地推动,从而将中间部分1332推动到侧向孔1314中,并且使内部轮轴1328与锁定特征结构1340的弓形狭槽1349对齐。放大部分1326邻接锁定特征结构1340,以防止弹簧1322将销1320弹出过远或弹出该装置。在内部轮轴1328和弓形狭槽1349对齐的情况下,使用者可以围绕枢转构件1344枢转锁定特征结构1340,从而释放触发器并且允许使用者击发器械。在一些型式中,旋转弹簧(未示出)可以联接到锁定特征结构1340以自动地枢转锁定特征结构1340,然而这仅是可选的。在该例子中,弹簧1322还使销1320的外部1338从销孔1352中伸出。外部1338穿过销孔1352的突起可被使用者用作器械处于操作范围内,使得锁定特征结构1340可被枢转以释放触发器的视觉指示器。当然,在一些型式中,外部1338和/或销孔1352可以省去。参考本文的教导内容,锁定按钮组件1300的另一些构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
应当理解,本文所述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述其他教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个结合。因此上述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文教导内容,其中本文教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将会显而易见。此类修改形式以及变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
应当理解,所述以引用的方式并入本文中的任何专利、出版物或其他公开材料,无论是全文或部分,仅在所并入的材料与本公开中给出的定义、陈述或者其他公开材料不冲突的范围内来并入本文。由此,在必要程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将会取代以引用的方式并入本文中的任何相冲突的材料。如果据述以引用的方式并入本文但与本文所述现有定义、陈述或者其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料与现有公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
本发明的实施例可在常规内窥镜式和开放式手术器械及机器人辅助手术中得到应用。例如,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本文中的各种教导内容可易于与2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool withUltrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”(具有超声烧灼和切割器械的机器人外科手术工具)的美国专利No.6,783,524中的各种教导内容结合,所述专利中的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
仅以举例的方式,可在外科手术之前出进行本文所述的实施例。首先,可以获取新的或用过的器械,并且根据需要进行清洗。然后,可对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,装置放置在闭合并密封的容器、诸如塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。随后,可将容器和装置放置在可穿透容器的诸如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子等的辐射场中。辐射可以杀死装置上和容器中的细菌。消毒后的装置随后可以存放在消毒容器中。密封容器可将器械保持处于无菌状态,直到在医疗设施中将该容器打开。还可使用在本领域中已知的任何其他技术进行装置消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或者蒸汽消毒。
本文所公开的装置的实施例可在至少一次使用之后进行修复以供再次使用。修复可以包括以下步骤任何组合:拆卸装置,然后清洗或者更换特定部件,并且随后重新组装。具体地讲,可以拆卸本文所公开装置的实施例,并可选择性地以任何组合的形式更换或者移除所述装置中任何数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时,所述装置的实施例可在修复设施中重新组装或在即将进行手术前由外科手术团队重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道,装置修复可以利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换以及重新组装。此类技术的使用和所得修复装置全都在本申请的范围内。
尽管已在本发明中示出并描述了多个型式,但是本领域的普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下进行适当修改以对本文所述的方法和系统进行进一步地改进。已经提及若干此类潜在修改形式,并且其他修改形式对于本领域的技术人员而言将会显而易见。例如,上面讨论的例子、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是例证性的而非必需的。因此,本发明的范围应以以下权利要求书作考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出并描述的特征结构以及操作细节。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于缝合组织的设备,所述设备包括:
(a)致动器柄部组件,其具有以能够枢转的方式安装到主体的触发器;和
(b)缝合头组件,其包括:
i.钉驱动器,
ii.尖杆,和
iii.砧座检测特征结构;
其中所述触发器能够操作以将所述钉驱动器相对于所述致动器柄部组件朝远侧致动;并且
其中所述砧座检测特征结构能够操作以防止所述触发器在不存在坐置的砧座的情况下枢转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中致动器柄部组件还包括锁定特征结构,其中所述锁定特征结构能够从第一位置运动至第二位置,其中处于所述第一位置的所述锁定特征结构接合所述触发器以防止所述触发器枢转,其中处于所述第二位置的所述锁定特征结构允许所述触发器枢转,其中所述砧座检测特征结构能够操作以防止所述锁定特征结构从所述第一位置枢转到所述第二位置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述砧座检测特征结构包括具有突起的能够平移的构件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述能够平移的构件相对于所述致动器柄部组件朝远侧偏置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中砧座与所述尖杆的附接将能够平移的杆朝近侧致动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述砧座检测特征结构包括砧座感测管。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中所述砧座感测管围绕所述尖杆同轴地设置。
8.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中所述触发器包括触发器臂,其中当所述砧座感测管处于第一位置时,所述触发器臂邻接所述砧座感测管。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述砧座感测管包括凹槽,其中所述凹槽的尺寸被设定成当所述砧座感测管处于第二位置时允许触发器臂枢转穿过其中。
10.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中所述砧座感测管包括能够接收砧座的轴的远侧杯状物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述砧座检测特征结构包括位于所述尖杆的外表面上的弹性偏置突片。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述突片能够操作以接合所述钉驱动器的远端。
13.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述突片能够操作以防止所述尖杆相对于所述致动器柄部组件朝近侧致动。
14.根据权利要求11所述的设备,还包括能够选择性地联接到所述尖杆的砧座,其中所述砧座能够操作以抵靠所述尖杆压缩所述突片。
15.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述砧座检测特征结构包括一对弹簧夹,其中所述弹簧夹设置在形成于所述尖杆中的狭槽内,并且其中在不存在坐置的砧座的情况下,所述弹簧夹的至少一部分从所述尖杆中侧向地伸出。
16.一种外科器械触发器锁定组件,包括:
(a)推杆;
(b)能够枢转的锁定特征结构;和
(c)穿过所述推杆和所述锁定特征结构插入的按钮,其中所述按钮包括:
i.第一部分,
ii.第二部分,和
iii.第三部分;
其中当按钮处于第一侧向位置时,所述按钮的第二部分能够操作以防止所述锁定特征结构枢转;并且
其中所述推杆能够操作以响应于砧座的联接而纵向地致动。
17.根据权利要求16所述的锁定组件,其中所述推杆包括远侧孔和纵向狭槽,其中所述孔的尺寸被设定成允许所述按钮的第二部分侧向地滑动穿过其中,其中所述狭槽的尺寸被设定成当所述按钮的第一部分延伸穿过其中时允许所述推杆纵向地致动。
18.根据权利要求17所述的锁定组件,还包括联接到所述按钮的第三部分的弹簧,其中所述弹簧将所述按钮侧向地偏置,其中当所述按钮处于第一位置时,所述第二部分邻接所述推杆的侧面。
19.根据权利要求16所述的锁定组件,其中所述锁定特征结构包括近侧孔和弓形狭槽,其中所述孔的尺寸被设定成允许所述按钮的第二部分侧向地滑动穿过其中,其中所述狭槽的尺寸被设定成当所述按钮的第三部分延伸穿过其中时允许所述锁定特征结构枢转。
20.一种用于缝合组织的设备,所述设备包括:
(a)致动器柄部组件,其包括:
i.主体,
ii.以能够枢转的方式安装到所述主体的触发器,和
iii.联接到所述主体的按钮;和
(b)缝合头组件,其包括:
i.钉驱动器,
ii.尖杆,和
iii.砧座感测轴;
其中所述触发器能够操作以将所述钉驱动器相对于所述致动器柄部组件朝远侧致动;并且
其中当所述砧座感测轴被朝近侧致动时,所述砧座感测轴能够操作以使所述按钮从所述主体向外作凸轮运动。
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US20130175318A1 (en) 2013-07-11
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