The complete crown transplanting breeding method of the large tree of a kind of red bayberry
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden landscape trees transplanting breeding technical field, particularly the complete crown transplanting breeding method of the large tree of a kind of red bayberry.
Background technology
In recent years, fast, the sick worm that is shaped is few because having for the large tree of red bayberry, management easily and ornamental value advantages of higher, elected as afforestation by landscape engineering department and courtyard greening commonly uses seeds, be also appointed as ecological afforestation by many forest parks and view and admire with seeds, therefore, red bayberry big tree transplanting is increasing.But during red bayberry big tree transplanting because of tree height cause greatly hindering when excavating root too much, the soil is porous beats the problems such as native ball difficulty, often affects survival rate.At present, in order to ensure the survival rate that red bayberry big tree transplanting is cultivated, generally first carry out transplanting after cutting back deletes the branches and leaves cutting about 50% to the large tree of red bayberry, to guarantee that root system and branch, shoot and leaf growth balance.But tree-like, tree crown and the cultivation cycle of red bayberry so, will be affected.Transplant after the branches and leaves of cutting back heavy pruning about 50%, its cultivation period generally arrived two-and-a-half years in 2 years, the raising of the cultivation cost of red bayberry large tree and needs are caused to bear the larger market risk, and there is larger difference in the branches and leaves again grown and original branches and leaves, the overall visual effect of the tree crown formed is bad, reduces its ornamental value.Therefore, research and develop and aly ensureing that red bayberry big tree transplanting is cultivated on the basis of survival rate, realizing complete crown, to carry out transplant forwarding method be research purpose of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in the complete crown transplanting breeding method that the large tree of a kind of red bayberry is provided, complete crown transplanting is carried out to the large tree of red bayberry, effectively shorten cultivation period and the survival rate of guarantee transplanting.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A complete crown transplanting breeding method for the large tree of red bayberry, in the fall or the time in spring carry out the cultivation of red bayberry transplanting big tree, comprise be completely cured, digging, transport, plant, maintenance, short root and nematodosis administers;
Describedly to be completely cured: the leading thread size according to tree stays native ball, soil bulb diameter is 2-4 times that sets greatly leading thread, soil ball height is 1.5-3 times that sets greatly leading thread, before red bayberry big tree transplanting during 30-40 days, the circular groove that edge along reserved native ball excavates 10-20cm width is completely cured, and the degree of depth of circular groove is higher than the height of native ball; Note when being completely cured retaining main root, can not damage main root, equating is carried out to the place's of being completely cured otch and sprays corresponding mulch solution, then in described circular groove, insert the rich soil after improvement;
Described digging: from the peripheral 60-80cm place of circular groove, slowly dig to trunk direction, block main root, spray corresponding mulch solution after equating is carried out to main root; Then adopt shading screen to carry out coated to native ball, and aperture is that the steel wire of 8-12cm is fixed on the periphery of the native ball being surrounded by shading screen is coated;
Described transport: red bayberry must be transported at once by large tree after digging, ensures to plant in 12 hours after nursery stock digging, adopts black shading screen to carry out shading and keeping out the wind in transportation;
Describedly to plant:
(1) machine brick is adopted to lay one deck water-permeable and air permeable layer on the ground in advance, the cylindrical shape kind plant hole adopting machine brick to be enclosed to form diameter based on described water-permeable and air permeable layer to be greater than native ball 50-80cm, highly high unearthed ball 50-70cm;
(2) in kind plant hole, the thick basic unit's soil of 40-50cm is added into, the topsoil of described basic unit soil to be silt content be 40-50%, then red bayberry is set up greatly and hang, be placed in the plant pit that digs, the paramount unearthed ball 7-10cm place of the soil completely improved is filled between native ball and cave wall, carry out the pouring of normal root water, until irrigate;
Described maintenance: adopt waterproof plastic film covering whole kind of plant hole immediately and described impermeable layer is tightened on trunk after irrigating normal root water; After planting, in 40-60 days, maintenance is squirted to tree crown, every day 5-6 time, every 10-15 days uses a foliage fertilizer; Described maintenance and the foliage fertilizer of squirting is used and is all adopted atomizer to spray toward tree crown portion from tree crown top;
Described short root: after the large tree of red bayberry is planted 40-60 days, the short root ditch that one width 10-15cm, degree of depth 25-35cm down dig out in the edge of plant hole is planted along described cylindrical shape, backfill into mushroom soil in described short root ditch, and be also covered with the mushroom soil of one deck 2-5cm on the surface of planting soil; Described mushroom soil carries out agaricus bisporus by cow dung, straw and topsoil to produce the rear dregs produced;
Described nematodosis is administered: the soil in kind of plant hole being evenly drilled with multiple aperture leading to native ball is the through hole of 2-3cm, adopt Avermectin and clear water in: the ratio of 1:1500-2000 carries out diluting rear filling toward in described multiple through hole.
Described mulch solution is formed by following weight ratio configuration by following material: root power No. 1 2-4 part, root power No. 2 2-4 parts, fenaminosulf solution 1-2 part, 500 parts, water.
In described maintenance processes, every 10-15 days uses a foliage fertilizer, and described foliage fertilizer carries out dilution configuration by potassium dihydrogen phosphate and clear water in the ratio of 1:450-550 to form.
Of the present invention effective:
(1) when nursery stock plays 30-40 days before red bayberry big tree transplanting, it is completely cured, main root is not damaged, equating is carried out to the place's of being completely cured otch and sprays corresponding mulch solution,, in the process in order to reduce transplanting, too large injury is caused to the root of the large tree of red bayberry, then in described circular groove, insert the rich soil after improvement and root is urged to red bayberry, go out root ability to improve after transplanting;
(2) just block main root when nursery stock digging, and spray corresponding mulch solution after equating is carried out to main root, adopt shading screen to carry out coated to native ball, and aperture is that the steel wire of 8-12cm is fixed on the periphery of the native ball being surrounded by shading screen is coated; Guarantee the steadiness of native ball with stricter native ball fixed form, ensure the situation of transporting, process of planting does not occur that native ball loosens, destroys;
(3) after red bayberry is set up greatly and digs, its root system and branch, shoot and leaf growth cannot balance, transport at once after digging, plant in 12 hours after nursery stock digging, black shading screen is adopted to carry out shading and keeping out the wind in transportation, effective minimizing moisture loss, improves the survival rate after transplanted seedling tree;
(4) machine brick is adopted to lay one deck water-permeable and air permeable layer on the ground in advance, based on described water-permeable and air permeable layer, adopt machine brick to be enclosed to form cylindric kind plant hole, the topsoil that the thick sand amount of 40-50cm is 40-50% is added into again toward planting in plant hole, ensure red bayberry large tree plant after its root can grow in permeable, ventilative environment preferably, be conducive to the recovery of the large usage tree root of red bayberry, growth;
(5) in maintenance processes, adopt waterproof plastic film covering whole kind of plant hole and described impermeable layer is tightened on trunk, ensure that the water in tree crown moisturizing process can not flow in kind of plant hole, the soil moisture content in kind of plant hole is kept to be in state comparatively stably, squirt maintenance and foliage fertilizer application all adopts atomizer to spray from tree crown top toward tree crown portion, water, foliage fertilizer are all directly scattered in above leaf, cut the waste, and effective improve the availability of tree crown to water and foliage fertilizer;
(6) short root ditch down digs in the edge of planting plant hole along described cylindrical shape, backfill into mushroom soil in described short root ditch, and one deck mushroom soil is also covered with on the surface of planting soil, mushroom soil carries out agaricus bisporus by cow dung, straw and topsoil to produce the rear dregs produced, its fertilizer nutrient and abundant, effectively can carry out short root to the large tree of red bayberry, and increase the gas permeability of soil, improve survival rate and the growth rate of the large tree of red bayberry further;
(7) soil in kind of plant hole is evenly drilled with the through hole that multiple aperture leading to native ball is, Avermectin and clear water is adopted to carry out diluting rear filling toward in described multiple through hole, both the object killing nematode had been served, and described multiple through hole leading to native ball can play good air permeable effect, promote root growth, radicula is covered with in whole through hole.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is described in further detail for the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment one:
In the fall (5-November 9 November) carry out the large tree transfer of red bayberry and cultivate, transplanting nursery stock: the large tree of red bayberry, number: 78, tree age: 20-30, trunk leading thread is 30-50cm, the primary mountain region of trees, transplant place: spring, gardens research and development centre nursery stock cultivated base.Concrete transplanting breeding step is as follows:
(1) be completely cured: the leading thread size according to tree stays native ball, soil bulb diameter is 2-4 times that sets greatly leading thread, soil ball height is 1.5-3 times that sets greatly leading thread, when first 30 days of red bayberry big tree transplanting, the circular groove that edge along reserved native ball excavates 10-20cm width is completely cured, and the degree of depth of circular groove is higher than the height of native ball; Note when being completely cured retaining main root, can not damage main root, equating is carried out to the place's of being completely cured otch and sprays corresponding mulch solution, then in described circular groove, insert the rich soil after improvement, described mulch solution is formed by root power No. 13 parts, root power No. 23 parts, fenaminosulf solution 1.5 parts, water 500 parts of configurations;
(2) digging: from the peripheral 60-80cm place of circular groove, slowly dig to trunk direction, block main root, spray corresponding mulch solution after equating is carried out to main root; Then adopt shading screen to carry out coated to native ball, and aperture is that the steel wire of 10cm is fixed on the periphery of the native ball being surrounded by shading screen is coated;
(3) transport: red bayberry is transported at once by large tree after digging, plants after nursery stock digging in 6-10 hour, adopts black shading screen to carry out shading and keeping out the wind in transportation;
(4) plant:
Employing machine brick lays one deck water-permeable and air permeable layer in advance on the ground, the cylindrical shape kind plant hole adopting machine brick to be enclosed to form diameter based on described water-permeable and air permeable layer to be greater than native ball 50-80cm, highly high unearthed ball 50-70cm;
The thick basic unit's soil of 40-50cm is added in kind plant hole, the topsoil of described basic unit soil to be silt content be 40-50%, then red bayberry is set up greatly and hang, be placed in the plant pit that digs, the paramount unearthed ball 7-10cm place of the soil completely improved is filled between native ball and cave wall, carry out the pouring of normal root water, until irrigate;
(5) described maintenance: adopt waterproof plastic film covering whole kind of plant hole immediately and described impermeable layer is tightened on trunk after irrigating normal root water; After planting, squirt maintenance in 50 days to tree crown, every day, 5-6 time, used a foliage fertilizer in every 12 days, and described foliage fertilizer carries out dilution configuration by potassium dihydrogen phosphate and clear water in the ratio of 1:500 to form; Described maintenance and the foliage fertilizer of squirting is used and is all adopted atomizer to spray toward tree crown portion from tree crown top;
(6) short root: after the large tree of red bayberry is planted 50 days, the short root ditch that one width 10-15cm, degree of depth 25-35cm down dig out in the edge of plant hole is planted along described cylindrical shape, backfill into mushroom soil in described short root ditch, and the mushroom soil of one deck 4-5cm is also covered with on the surface of planting soil, described mushroom soil carries out agaricus bisporus by cow dung, straw and topsoil to produce the rear dregs produced;
(7) nematodosis is administered: the soil in kind of plant hole is evenly drilled with multiple through hole leading to native ball, adopt Avermectin and clear water in: the ratio of 1:1700 carries out diluting rear filling toward in described multiple through hole.If discovery nematodiasis, trees wither from treetop, and the red bayberry transplanted from mountain at present all has this illness, so this step is the steps necessary of transplanting plantation red bayberry.
Transplant checks after 3 months that trees survive situation, co-transplantation 78, has 72 to find new root young leaves, withered dead 4, though 2 are sprouted a small amount of bud and leaf, there are no new root, becomes false state of living.
Embodiment two:
Carry out the large tree transfer of red bayberry in spring (15-April 17 April) to cultivate, transplanting nursery stock: the large tree of red bayberry, number: 100, tree age: 15-25, trunk leading thread is 25-40cm, the primary mountain region of trees, transplant place: spring, gardens research and development centre nursery stock cultivated base.Concrete transplanting breeding step is as follows:
(1) be completely cured: the leading thread size according to tree stays native ball, soil bulb diameter is 2-4 times that sets greatly leading thread, soil ball height is 1.5-3 times that sets greatly leading thread, when first 40 days of red bayberry big tree transplanting, the circular groove that edge along reserved native ball excavates 10-20cm width is completely cured, and the degree of depth of circular groove is higher than the height of native ball; Note when being completely cured retaining main root, can not damage main root, equating is carried out to the place's of being completely cured otch and sprays corresponding mulch solution, then in described circular groove, insert the rich soil after improvement, described mulch solution is formed by root power No. 14 parts, root power No. 24 parts, fenaminosulf solution 2 parts, water 500 parts of configurations;
(2) digging: from the peripheral 60-80cm place of circular groove, slowly dig to trunk direction, block main root, spray corresponding mulch solution after equating is carried out to main root; Then adopt shading screen to carry out coated to native ball, and aperture is that the steel wire of 12cm is fixed on the periphery of the native ball being surrounded by shading screen is coated;
(3) transport: red bayberry must be transported at once by large tree after digging, plants after nursery stock digging in 6-10 hour, adopts black shading screen to carry out shading and keeping out the wind in transportation;
(4) plant:
Employing machine brick lays one deck water-permeable and air permeable layer in advance on the ground, the cylindrical shape kind plant hole adopting machine brick to be enclosed to form diameter based on described water-permeable and air permeable layer to be greater than native ball 50-80cm, highly high unearthed ball 50-70cm;
The thick basic unit's soil of 40-50cm is added in kind plant hole, the topsoil of described basic unit soil to be silt content be 40-50%, then red bayberry is set up greatly and hang, be placed in the plant pit that digs, the paramount unearthed ball 7-10cm place of the soil completely improved is filled between native ball and cave wall, carry out the pouring of normal root water, until irrigate;
(5) described maintenance: adopt waterproof plastic film covering whole kind of plant hole immediately and described impermeable layer is tightened on trunk after irrigating normal root water; After planting, squirt maintenance in 50 days to tree crown, every day, 5-6 time, used a foliage fertilizer in every 10 days, and described foliage fertilizer carries out dilution configuration by potassium dihydrogen phosphate and clear water in the ratio of 1:450 to form; Described maintenance and the foliage fertilizer of squirting is used and is all adopted atomizer to spray toward tree crown portion from tree crown top;
(6) short root: after the large tree of red bayberry is planted 50 days, the short root ditch that one width 10-15cm, degree of depth 25-35cm down dig out in the edge of plant hole is planted along described cylindrical shape, backfill into mushroom soil in described short root ditch, and the mushroom soil of one deck 3-5cm is also covered with on the surface of planting soil, described mushroom soil carries out agaricus bisporus by cow dung, straw and topsoil to produce the rear dregs produced;
(7) nematodosis is administered: the soil in kind of plant hole is evenly drilled with multiple through hole leading to native ball, adopt Avermectin and clear water in: the ratio of 1:1500 carries out diluting rear filling toward in described multiple through hole.
Transplant checks after 3 months that trees survive situation, co-transplantation 100, has 91 to find new root young leaves, withered dead 7, though 2 are sprouted a small amount of bud and leaf, there are no new root, becomes false state of living.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.