CN103957732B - 醛、有机酸和有机酸酯的抗微生物混合物 - Google Patents
醛、有机酸和有机酸酯的抗微生物混合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于延长水、食品/饲料或食品成分/饲料成分的保存期的抗微生物组合物和方法,所述抗微生物组合物包括:5~25wt%的壬酸;1~25wt%的有机酸酯;1~50wt%的单一C1~C24醛或C1~C24醛的混合物;C1~C24有机酸的混合物;以及水。
Description
技术领域
一种包括有机酸、醛和有机酸酯的混合物的抗微生物制剂,该抗微生物制剂中的这种组合产生协同响应。
背景技术
疾病预防控制中心(CDC)估计每年约六分之一的美国人或四千八百万人由于食源性疾病而患病。另外,每年有128000人住院治疗并且约有3000人死于食源性疾病。在2011年,CDC(http://www.cdc.gov/outbreaknet/foodborne-surveillance-questions-and-answers.html)估计每年沙门氏菌病导致20000人住院治疗和378例死亡。并且,据估计在美国每年大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)O157:O7引起约62000例食源性疾病以及约1800例食源性疾病相关的住院治疗。由乔治城大学的皮尤慈善信托基金的研究表明:食源性疾病在美国每年花费卫生相关费用中的1520亿美元(Yeager,2010)。
受英国食品标准机构(FSA)委托进行的研究发现弯曲杆菌是引起感染性肠道疾病(IID)的主要因素之一,并且每年导致约500000个病例。同一机构还报道了在英国境内销售的三分之二的鸡样品受到弯曲杆菌的污染(http://www.food.gov.uk/policy-advice/microbiology/campylobacterevidenceprogramme/campybackground)。
各国倾向于找到更多种天然抗微生物剂和/或有机抗微生物剂,而由于天然产物/有机产物的低可商购性,已经在鉴定这些类型的产物中进行了大量的研究并且增加了新的原材料费用。目前,许多类型的化学品和它们的组合被用作抗微生物剂。这些化学品包括有机酸、醛、有机酸的酯、植物提取物和其它化学品。
本发明的组分之一是有机酸酯。若干项美国专利和WO专利都描述了有机酸酯作用增味剂、防腐剂或抗微生物剂的用途。美国专利#7652067和WO专利#2009/037270提出了具有C6~C20碳长度的饱和有机酸的单酯的疏水性化合物,即薄荷醇的用途。该产物可用于调味食品和香水。但这些专利并没有提出有机酸酯与有机酸和醛结合的组合用作抗微生物剂。美国专利申请#2009/0082253提出了一种抗微生物剂,该抗微生物剂包括乳酸的有机酸酯(乳酸酯)、羟基羧酸和抗菌剂的混合物。但这些专利并未提出除了乳酸酯之外的有机酸的酯和多聚赖氨酸(已知的抗微生物剂)的混合物将产生有效的抗微生物剂。美国专利#7862842提出了源自于月桂酸和精氨酸作为易腐食品产物的防腐剂,但并不作为动物饲料的防腐剂的用途。
本发明提出了有机酸脂与醛和有机酸组合作为饲料成分(ingredient)、饲料和水中的抗微生物剂的用途。文献综述已经表明,已经对有机酸酯作为抵抗植物和人类病原体的杀菌剂和杀真菌剂进行了研究。阿魏酸的丙酯、甲酯和乙酯有效抑制酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)、烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)和黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)(Beck等人,2007)。由混合正有机醇和二元酸制备的有机酸酯用作塑化剂,并且展现出作为杀真菌剂的一些益处(Sadek等人,1994)。来自大豆的六种有机酸酯(包括甲基棕榈酸酯和乙基棕榈酸酯、甲基油酸酯和乙基油酸酯以及甲基亚油酸酯和甲基亚麻酸酯)证实了针对大麦中的白粉病的治疗和预防活性。而且,已经报道了月桂酸甲酯对白粉病发展的控制(Choi等人,2010)。蓖麻油甲酯可以替代矿物油来控制香蕉中的真菌病(香蕉叶斑病)(Madriz-Guzman等人,2008)。源自亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、棕榈油酸和油酸的有机酸甲酯有效地抑制变形链球菌(Streptococcusmutans)、白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)、伴放线聚生杆菌(Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacteriumnucleatum)和牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonasgingivalis)的生长(Huang等人,2010)。真菌内生真菌(Muscodoralbus)产生有效抑制和杀死其它真菌和细菌的某些挥发性化合物。这些挥发性化合物中的一种是3-甲基1-丁醇乙酸酯的酯,为总酯的62%,有效抑制若干种真菌的生长(Strobel等人,2001)。来自海马齿(Sesuviumportulacastrum)的有机酸甲酯谱表明了棕榈酸酯、油酸酯、亚油酸酯、亚麻酸酯、肉豆蔻酸酯、山嵛酸酯的存在,它们均有效抵抗若干种人类病原体微生物(Chandrasekaran等人,2011)。在胡萝卜提取物中发现的月桂酸和十五烷酸的有机酸甲酯有效抵抗明串珠菌(Leuconostocmesenteroides)、单增李斯特菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens)、白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)(Babic等人,1994)。当使用酚酸丁酯而不是酚酸甲酯时,对大肠杆菌、单增李斯特菌、大刀镰孢(Fusariumculmorum)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)的抑制活性是较高的(Merkl等人.,2010)。
本发明的另一化合物为醛。这些醛中最有效的一种(甲醛)已经用作消毒剂多年。两个美国专利#5547987和#5591467提出了甲醛在控制动物饲料中的沙门氏菌(Salmonellaspp.)中的用途。但这些专利并没有提出甲醛或其它醛与有机酸酯的组合提供了在本发明中所述的协同效应。
在本发明中使用的醛为反式-2-己烯酸,六个碳、双键醛,C6H10O且MW=98.14。反式-2-己烯酸存在于多种可食用的植物中,例如苹果、梨、葡萄、草莓、猕猴桃、番茄、橄榄等。植物和植物提取物已成功地用于识别新的抗微生物剂中。例如,已观察到来自腰果梨(cashewapple)的提取物以50~100ug/ml的浓度能够有效抵抗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori)和猪霍乱沙门氏杆菌(S.cholerasuis)。发现了两种主要组分为漆树酸和反式-2-己烯酸。经测定反式-2-己烯酸的最小抑制性和最小杀菌活性分别为400和800ug/ml(Kubo等人,1999;Kubo和Fujita,2001)。Kim和Shin(2004)发现反式-2-己烯酸(247mg/L)有效抵抗蜡状芽孢杆菌(S.typhimurium)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、肠炎弧菌单增李斯特菌(L.monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌EO157:H7。Nakamura和Hatanaka(2002)证实了反式-3-己烯醛以3~30ug/ml的水平能有效控制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。反式-2-己烯酸完全抑制假单胞菌属致病菌(570μg/L空气)和大肠杆菌(930微生物/L空气)的增殖(Deng等人,1993)。观察到反式-2-己烯酸在250ug/ml对抑制茎点霉菌丝(Phomamycelium)的生长有效(Saniewska和Saniewski,2007)。在控制果实中的霉菌的研究中,发现反式-2-己烯酸在40μl/l时对杏不具有植物毒性,但对桃子和油桃具有植物毒性(Neri等人,2007)。反式-2-己烯酸(12.5μl/l)对控制产生青霉的扩展青霉(Penicilliumexpansum)有效(Neri等人,2006a和2006b)。Fallik等人(1998)和Hamilton-Kemp等人(1991)提出反式-2-己烯酸的蒸汽抑制葡萄孢子和苹果花粉的萌发。
USPTO(美国专利商标局)申请#2007/0087094提出了至少两种具有杀微生物活性的GRAS(一般认为安全)化合物与少于50%的醇(异丙醇或异丙醇/乙醇)组合作为杀微生物剂的用途。反式-2-己烯醛被认为是GRAS化合物中的一种(USPTO申请第2007/0087094号)。Archbold等人(1994)观察到0.86mmol或1.71mmol(分别对应100μL或200μL纯净化合物/每1.1L容器)的反式-2-己烯醛在对无核鲜食葡萄(seedlesstable)进行采后熏蒸2周中的用途,表现出对控制霉菌的潜力。
美国专利#5698599提出了一种通过用反式-2-己烯醛处理来抑制在食材中产生霉菌毒素的方法。反式-2-己烯醛在8ng/l空气的浓度下完全抑制了黄曲霉、特异青霉菌(P.notatum)、烟草赤星病菌(A.alternate)、尖镰孢菌、枝孢霉(Cladosporiumspp.)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)和根癌土壤杆菌(A.tumerfaciens)的生长。当比较反式-2-己烯醛和柠檬醛对饮料中酵母(105CFU/瓶)的控制时,发现25ppm的反式-2-己烯醛以及热处理(56℃持续20分钟)等同于100至120ppm的柠檬醛。在不进行热处理的饮料中,需要35ppm的反式-2-己烯醛来控制微生物(Belleti等人,2007)。已报道反式-2-己烯醛用于控制昆虫,诸如赤拟谷盗(Tiboliumcastaneum)、谷蠹(Rhyzoperthadominica)、谷象(Sitophilusgranaries)、米象(Sitophilusorazyzae)和镑赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestesperrugineus)(Hubert等人.,2008)。美国专利6201026提出了3个或更多碳的有机醛用于控制蚜虫。
几项专利提出反式-2-己烯醛作为香味剂或香料的用途。美国专利6596681提出将反式-2-己烯醛作为在用于表面清洁的擦拭物(wipe)中的香味剂的用途。美国专利6387866、美国专利6960350和美国专利7638114提出了精油或萜烯(例如,反式-2-己烯醛)作为抗微生物产品的香料的用途。美国专利6479044证实了一种包含阴离子表面活性剂、聚阳离子抗菌剂和水的抗菌溶液,其中添加精油作为香料。该香料可以是诸如反式-2-己烯醛的萜烯或其它类型的萜烯。美国专利6323171、美国专利6121224和美国专利5911915证实了一种包括阳离子表面活性剂的抗微生物目的的微乳液,其中添加精油作为香料。该香料可为包括即反式-2-己烯醛的多种萜烯。美国专利6960350证实了一种抗真菌的香味剂,其中发现当不同的萜烯组合使用(例如,反式-2-己烯醛与苯甲醛)时具有协同效应。
反式-2-己烯醛的作用模式被认为是:由于己烯醛与巯基部分或半胱氨酸残基的反应,或己烯醛与肽和蛋白质中的氨基形成席夫碱而使细胞膜发生改变(Deng等人,1993)。报道称反式-2-己烯醛起表面活性剂的作用,但它可能通过被动扩散而渗透穿过质膜。一旦在细胞内部,它的α,β-不饱和醛部分与生物学上重要的亲核基团发生反应。已知的是,在生理条件下,该醛部分主要通过1,4-加成反应来与巯基发生反应(Patrignani等人,2008)。
反式-2-己烯醛是磷脂酶D的抑制剂,磷脂酶D是催化许多类型的水果和蔬菜在成熟和熟化过程中出现的膜磷脂水解的酶。因此,提出了反式-2-己烯醛可能会抑制熟化(USPTO申请第2005/0031744A1号)。提出了反式-2-己烯醛对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制是由于在脂质双层中分隔区(partition)的疏水键和氢键的键合。已提出电子传输系统的破坏和膜渗透性的扰乱作为其它作用模式(Gardine等人,2001)。扩展青霉腐烂的抑制可能是由于损坏发芽的分生孢子的真菌膜(Neri等人,2006a和2006b)。已经进行了反式-2-己烯醛与其它类似化合物的比较研究。Deng等人(1993)表明不饱和挥发物反式-2-己烯醛和反式-2-己烯-1-醇比饱和挥发物己醛和1-己醇表现出更大的抑制效果。对于所有ATCC(美国模式培养物保藏所)细菌菌株,反式-2-己烯醛比己醛、壬醛和反式-2-辛烯醛都具有更高的活性(Bisignano等人,2001)。其他人已发现,反式-2-己烯醛比己醛、1-己醇、反式-2-己烯-1-醇和(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇具有更低的最低真菌生长抑制浓度(基本上为醛>酮>醇,Andersen等人,1994)。已经报道了,对于抑制沙门氏菌,己烯醛和己酸比己醇更有效(Patrignani等人.,2008)。
Muroi等人(1993)提出了反式-2-己烯醛表现出广泛的抗微生物活性,但是它的生物活性(50~400μg/mL)通常没有强到足以考虑到实际应用。研究已表明反式-2己烯醛能增强某些类型的抗微生物剂的效力。若干项专利提出氨基糖苷类抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5663152)和多粘菌素抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5776919和美国专利5587358)的用途。这些增效剂可包括吲哚、茴香脑、3-甲基吲哚、2-羟基-6-R-苯甲酸或2-己烯醛。当反式-2-庚烯醛(trans-2-eptenal)、反式-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛一起被测试(比例1:1:1:1)抵抗ATCC和临床分离的微生物菌株时,观察到较强的协同效应(Bisignano等人,2001)。现有技术还没有提出或观察到反式-2-己烯醛与有机酸酯组合使用就能够自身改进两种组分中任一种的抗微生物活性。
本发明的另一种组分是有机酸。商业霉菌抑制剂和杀细菌剂由单一的有机酸或有机酸和/或甲醛的混合物组成。最常用的酸为丙酸、苯甲酸、丁酸、乙酸和甲酸。短链脂肪酸发挥它们的抗微生物活性的机制是:未离解的(RCOOH=非电离的)酸是脂渗透的,而且以这种方式它们能穿过微生物的细胞壁并在微生物的碱性更大的内部进行离解(RCOOH—>RCOO-+H+),从而使细胞质对于生存是不稳定的(VanImmerseel等人,2006;Paster,1979)。
壬酸(壬酸)是天然存在的中等链长的有机酸。它是油性无色的液体,且在较低温度下变成固体。与丁酸相比,它有微弱的气味而且几乎不溶于水。壬酸的主要应用是作为非选择性除草剂。塞斯(Scythe)(57%的壬酸、3%的相关的有机酸和40%的惰性材料)是由Mycogen公司/陶氏化学品公司(DowChemicals)生产的广谱性萌发后或毁灭性(burn-down)除草剂。壬酸的除草作用模式首先是由于在黑暗和日光中的膜渗漏,以及第二是通过自由基驱动的过氧化反应,其中自由基来源于在日光中从类囊体膜移位的敏化的叶绿素(Lederer等人,2004)。
Chadeganipour和Haims(2001)表明:中等链长的有机酸阻止石膏样小孢子菌(M.gypseum)生长的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)在固体介质上是0.02mg/ml的癸酸、0.04mg/ml的壬酸,在液体介质中是0.075mg/ml的癸酸和0.05mg/ml的壬酸。对这些酸进行独立地测试,而不是作为混合物进行测试。Hirazawa等人(2001)报道了:壬酸和C6~C10有机酸有效控制寄生虫刺激隐核虫(C.irritans)的生长,且C8、C9和C19有机酸效力更大。发现用于可可植物的生防菌哈茨木霉菌(Trichodermaharzianum)产生作为许多化学品之一的壬酸,而壬酸有效控制可可病原体的发芽和生长(Aneja等人,2005)。
若干项美国专利公开了壬酸作为杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂的用途:美国专利申请#2004/026685公开了一种用于农业用途的杀真菌剂,该杀真菌剂由一种或多种脂肪酸和不同于该脂肪酸的一种或多种有机酸组成。在上述有机酸和脂肪酸的混合物中,有机酸用作脂肪酸的强协作剂,而脂肪酸起到杀真菌剂的作用。美国专利5366995公开了一种通过使用脂肪酸和它们的衍生物来消除植物中真菌感染和细菌感染并提高植物中杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂的活性的方法。该制剂由用于控制植物中的真菌的80%的壬酸或它的盐组成。使用的脂肪酸主要是C9~C18。美国专利5342630公开了一种用于植物用途的新型杀虫剂,该新型杀虫剂含有增强C8~C22脂肪酸功效的无机盐。其中一个实施例示出了具有2%的壬酸、2%的癸酸、80%的滑石、10%的碳酸钠和5%的碳酸钾的粉末状产品。美国专利5093124公开了一种用于植物的杀真菌剂和杀节肢动物剂(arthropodice),由α单羧酸和它们的盐组成。杀真菌剂由C9~C10脂肪酸组成,该C9~C10脂肪酸被诸如钾的活性碱金属部分中和。所描述的混合物由溶解在水中的40%的活性成分组成,并包括10%的壬酸、10%的癸酸和20%的椰子脂肪酸,所有的酸都被氢氧化钾中和。美国专利6596763公开了一种由C6~C18脂肪酸或其衍生物组成的控制皮肤感染的方法。美国专利6103768和美国专利6136856公开了脂肪酸及其衍生物在消除植物中存在的真菌感染和细菌感染中的独特效用。该方法不是预防性的,而是对已经建立的感染表现出效力。具有80%的壬酸、2%的乳化剂和18%的表面活性剂的商用产品夏普苏特(Sharpshooter)有效抵抗青霉菌和灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytisspp)。美国专利6638978公开了一种用于食品防腐的抗微生物性防腐剂,该抗微生物性防腐剂由甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸(C6~C18)和第二脂肪酸(C6~C18)的二元混合物组成,其中第二脂肪酸不同于第一脂肪酸。WO01/97799公开了中等链长的脂肪酸作为抗微生物剂的用途。它表明pH值从6.5增长到7.5增加了短链(C6~C18)脂肪酸的MIC。
在食品加工场所中,壬酸被用作食品接触表面的消毒液的组分。来自艺康集团(Ecolab)的产品由作为活性成分的6.49%的壬酸组成,可用作所有食品接触表面的消毒剂(12CFR178.1010b)。FDA(食品及药物管理局)已批准壬酸作为合成的食品调味剂(21CFR172.515)、作为辅料、生产助剂和消毒剂,以用于接触食品(12CFR178.1010),以及用于清洗水果和蔬菜,或用于辅助水果和蔬菜的去皮(12CFR173.315)。壬酸被USDA(美国农业部)列在认证物质的USDA列单(1990年,5.14节,水果和蔬菜清洗化合物(FruitandVegetableWashingCompounds))中。
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发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种提高有机酸的杀微生物效果的化学制剂。该组合物可为如下的溶液,该溶液包括:与醛和有机酸酯/脂肪酸酯组合的有机酸或若干种有机酸的混合物。
另一目的是提供一种用于延长水、食品/饲料或食品成分/饲料成分的保存期的抗微生物组合物,该抗微生物组合物包括:
5~25wt.%的壬酸;
1~25wt.%的有机酸酯;
1~50wt%的单一C1~C24醛或C1~C24醛的混合物;
C1~C24有机酸的混合物;以及
水。
另一目的是提供一种保存水、食品/饲料或食品成分/饲料成分的方法,该方法包括:
将有效量的组合物喷雾处理、直列混合(in-linemixing)、直列喷雾(in-linesparying)或掺合至水、食品/饲料或食品/饲料成分中,所述组合物包括:
5~25wt%的壬酸;
1~25wt%的有机酸酯;
1~50wt%的单一C1~C24醛或C1~C24醛的混合物;
C1~C24有机酸的混合物;以及
水。
具体实施方式
在本说明书和随后的权利要求中,将引用一些术语,这些术语应被定义为具有下述含义。
定义
组分的“重量百分数”是基于制剂或组合物的总体积,该制剂或组合物中包括该组分。
组合物的有机酸可以包括:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、壬酸、乳酸,和其它C2~C24的有机酸,或含有C1~C24脂肪酸的单甘油酯、双甘油酯或三甘油酯。这些脂肪酸包括短链、中链、长链的脂肪酸或短链、中链、长链的三甘油酯。
组合物的有机酸酯可包括甲基有机酸酯、乙基有机酸酯、丁基有机酸酯和丙基有机酸酯,或它们的混合物。
术语化合物的“有效量”是指:能够发挥该化合物的功能的量,或有效量所要表达的性能,诸如化合物无毒但足以提供期望的抗微生物益处的量。因此,本领域普通技术人员仅使用常规实验就可以确定合适的有效量。
制剂不仅能在主要组分(即有机酸)的浓度方面发生变化,还可以在所使用的醛、有机酸酯的类型和水浓度方面发生变化。通过从制剂中添加或去除有机酸中的一种,醛,以及有机酸酯的类型而能以若干方式修改本发明。
术语组合物的“协同效应或协同作用”是指:当作为混合物而不是作为单独的组分而添加成分时,提高了防腐和抗微生物效果。
组合物
本发明的组合物包含有效量的具有1~24个碳的有机酸,醛,和有机酸酯。
1~24碳链长度的有机酸可为饱和有机酸、不饱和有机酸、环状有机酸或无环有机酸。
本发明的有效混合物包括1~70体积%的有机酸,
本发明的有效混合物包括1~70体积%的壬酸。
本发明的有效混合物包括1~50%的醛。
本发明的有效混合物包括1~50%的有机酸酯。
本发明的有效混合物包括0~70体积%的水。
上述组合物可进一步包括有机酸酯。
上述组合物可进一步包括有机酸甲酯。
上述组合物可进一步包括有机酸乙酯。
上述组合物可进一步包括有机酸丁酯。
上述组合物可进一步包括有机酸丙酯。
上述组合物的醛包括反式-2-戊烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-己烯醛、10-十一烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛、2,6-二甲基辛醛、2-癸烯醛、2-十二烯醛、2-乙基丁缩醛、2-苯基丙醛、2-十三烯醛、3-苯基丙醛、9-十一烯醛、丁醛、肉桂醛、顺式-4-庚烯醛、柠檬醛、香茅氧基乙醛、枯茗醛、癸醛、糠醛、庚醛、己醛、羟基香茅醛、异丁醛、对乙氧基苯甲醛、苯乙醛、丙醛、对甲苯乙醛、丙酮醛、水杨醛、十一烯醛、戊醛、藜芦醛、α-戊基肉桂醛、α-丁基肉桂醛、α-己基肉桂醛,或其它类似的醛,和它们相应的醇形式。
上述组合物有效地抵抗存在于食品/饲料和主要食品成分/饲料成分中的各种真菌。
上述组合物有效地抵抗存在于食品/饲料和主要食品成分/饲料成分中的各种细菌。
上述组合物有效地抵抗水中的各种细菌和真菌。
上述组合物有效地抵抗对于从纤维素、淀粉或糖的发酵来生成醇不利的微生物。
方法
本发明有效地抵抗细菌和真菌。
本发明应用于水。
在进入混合器之前,本发明应用于食品成分/饲料成分。
本发明应用于在混合器中的未混合的食品成分/饲料成分。
本发明在混合食品成分/饲料成分的过程中应用。
本发明通过喷嘴应用。
本发明在直列应用系统中通过喷嘴应用。
当与载体混合时,本发明以液体形式或作为干产物应用。
本发明以如下的形成应用:在整个混合的成分中提供混合物的均一且均匀的分布。
本发明的目的之一是控制在食品成分/饲料成分、食品/饲料和水中的微生物的水平。有机酸、有机酸酯和醛的若干种混合物形成若干种表现出有效抵抗水和食品/饲料中的细菌的制剂。
本发明的其它目的是用天然等同出现的化合物或安全使用的化合物来配制抗微生物剂。
本发明中使用的所有化学品都是当前批准用于人类的抗微生物剂、香料、调味剂和佐剂的增强剂。
当有机酸、有机酸酯和醛组合使用时,存在意想不到的结果,即协同作用和相加效应。
整个本申请中,引用多篇出版物。这些出版物的公开内容以其整体在此通过引用而并入本申请中,以便充分地描述本发明所属领域的现有技术。
实施例1
将有机酸甲酯和有机酸乙酯以0.01%和0.05%的浓度加入至测试试管中。涡旋处理试管10秒以均匀混合该溶液。将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(ATCC:14028)的悬浮液加入至每个测试试管中以得到104cfu/ml的最终浓度。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数克隆。每种酯的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表1中。
*ND未测定
观察到:链长为C4~C8的有机酸的酯在测试浓度下有效抵抗沙门氏菌。乙酯通常比甲酯更有效。还观察到苯甲酸(芳香环酸)的酯和乙酸异戊酯(乙酸的异戊酯)也具有杀菌活性。
实施例2
如下表2中所示出的,8种有机酸酯(C4~C8有机酸酯和苯甲酸酯)与反式-2-己烯醛、壬酸、丙酸、乙酸和水相混合。包括作为阳性对照的25%的己醛:有机酸产物(配方1)和甲酸:丙酸(90:10,F/P)产物。将制剂以0.01%和0.005%的浓度加入至测试试管中。试管进行涡旋10秒以均匀混合该溶液。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(104cfu/ml)的悬浮液加入至含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的试管中。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数克隆。
每种制剂的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表3至表10中。
总结:5~20%的有机酸酯加入至含有5~20%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物中提高了反式-2-己烯醛抵抗沙门氏菌的效力。
实施例3
制备十八种制剂以用于在表11中示出的体外研究。包括作为阳性对照的25%的反式-2-己烯醛:有机酸产物(配方1)和甲酸:丙酸(90:10,F/P)产物。将制剂以0.005%和0.01%的浓度加入至测试试管中。将试管进行涡旋10秒以均匀混合该溶液。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(104cfu/ml)的悬浮液加入至含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的试管中。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数克隆。每种制剂的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表12中。
将5%的各种酯加入至含有20%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物中,在效力上等同于含有25%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物。加入额外的酯并不使得反式-2-己烯醛的浓度进一步降低。
实施例4
制备十六种制剂以用于在表13中示出的体外研究。包括作为阳性对照的甲酸:丙酸(90:10,F/P)产物。将制剂以0.005%和0.01%的浓度加入至测试试管中。将试管进行涡旋10秒以均匀混合该溶液。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(104cfu/ml)的悬浮液加入至含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的试管中。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数克隆。每种制剂的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表14中。
有机酸酯加入至含有5~15%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物中,在效力上等同于或优于有机酸产物。
实施例5
制备九种制剂以用于在表15中示出的体外研究。配方1被用作阳性对照。将制剂以0.005%和0.01%的浓度加入至测试试管中。将试管进行涡旋10秒以均匀混合该溶液。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(104cfu/ml)的悬浮液加入至三个含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的测试试管中。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数沙门氏菌克隆。每种制剂的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表16中。
将20%的甲酯或甲酯加入至含有15%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物中,在效力上等同于含有25%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物。
实施例6
制备六种制剂以用于在表17中示出的体外研究。包括作为阳性对照的25%的反式-2-己烯醛:有机酸产物和甲酸:丙酸(90:10)产物。将制剂以0.01%和0.005%的浓度加入至测试试管中。将溶液进行涡旋10秒以均匀混合该溶液。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(104cfu/ml)的悬浮液加入至含有每种制剂的不同稀释液的测试试管中。使该溶液涡旋,随后在室温下孵育24小时,并涂布到XLT-4上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时,然后计数克隆。每种制剂的效力作为与对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表18中。
20%的戊酸乙酯加入至含有20%的反式-2-己烯醛的有机酸产物中,在效力上等同于含有25%的反式-2-己烯醛有机酸产物。
实施例7
在该研究中,测试了在饲料中若干种含有有机酸酯的制剂抵抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的效力。包括作为阳性对照的90%甲酸:10%丙酸(F/P)产物。含有105cfu/g的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的干接种体被加入至精细研磨的家禽饲料中。在装配有液体喷雾系统的实验室混合器中将受污染的饲料混合5分钟,随后以0、1、2或4Kg/MT的不同制剂对该饲料进行处理(表19)。处理之后,将混合器的内含物转移至1加仑的玻璃罐中,加盖并在室温下(23~25℃)静止过夜。在处理后24小时和/7天时得到样品(4个10g-子样品/混合器负载)。将饲料的10g子样品转移至含有90mL的巴特菲尔德磷酸盐(ButterfieldsPhosphate)缓冲液的瓶子中。将稀释液一式三份地涂布在XLT-4琼脂上。将板在37℃下孵育48小时。在孵育之后,计数琼脂板上的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的水平。
每种制剂的效力作为与它的对照值相比减少的百分数,示出在下面的表20至表30中。
含戊酸乙酯和戊酸甲酯的制剂与甲酸:丙酸(F/P)类产物具有相同的效果。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于延长水、食品/饲料或食品成分/饲料成分的保存期的抗微生物组合物,所述抗微生物组合物包括:
5~25wt%的壬酸;
10~20wt%的乙酸;
40~50wt%的丙酸;
15~20wt%的反式-2-己烯醛;
5~20wt%的有机酸酯;以及
水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述有机酸酯选自由甲基有机酸酯、乙基有机酸酯、丙基有机酸酯和丁基有机酸酯所组成的组。
3.一种保存水、食品/饲料和食品成分/饲料成分的方法,所述方法包括:将有效量的组合物喷雾处理、直列注射、直列混合或掺合至水、食品/饲料或食品成分/饲料成分中,所述组合物包括:
5~25wt%的壬酸;
10~20wt%的乙酸;
40~50wt%的丙酸;
15~20wt%的反式-2-己烯醛;
5~20wt%的有机酸酯;以及
水。
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AU2012346428A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
ES2859788T3 (es) | 2021-10-04 |
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EP2785205A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
TW201417727A (zh) | 2014-05-16 |
CL2014000915A1 (es) | 2014-08-18 |
PT2785205T (pt) | 2021-02-24 |
AR089482A1 (es) | 2014-08-27 |
EP2785205B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
US20140323572A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
EP2785205A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
IL232878A0 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
CA2848761A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
KR20140097253A (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
PL2785205T3 (pl) | 2021-06-28 |
LT2785205T (lt) | 2021-03-10 |
CN103957732A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
BR112014013223A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
SA113340234B1 (ar) | 2015-07-07 |
TWI528907B (zh) | 2016-04-11 |
ZA201402803B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
US10021901B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
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